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page 6 the georgetown heram wednesday evening may 1st 1940 i our farm items of interest to r every farmer i bacon board issues statement on situation re export of bacon the following statement cm the ba con export situation was issued by the bacon board on april 17tta great britain will not require any early additional shipments of bacon from caouda to raplace supplies which have been out oft tor 4he german in tasion of denmarit this tfmofc has been made dear and definite by an exchange of cables between canada and britain within the past week it comes as a surprise to many cana dians who had assumed without ques tion that there would be an imrnedl se call lor increased bacon exports xram canada the reasons or this situation are as follows first excessive amounts of bacon in storage in great britain and i with the approach o summer weather british authorities regard t as im iterative to use up stored products before authorising increased im i flecond production of bacon in great britain and ireland continues at high cr than expected levels third prob- jems of shipping continue to present cvfllcultieb bacon must be handled in refrigerated space ships so equipped are not numerous and in view of their peed and construction are often re quired for o purposes finally it to the apparent intention of the bri ush authorities to restore bacon ra stoning at an early date and thereby restrict consumption one purpose of the rationing undoubtedly is to re quire british civilians to eat home produced food and thereby conserve foreign exchange some of the above reasons apply to the immediate present and others to the future but it can be stated definitely ttiat no indication has yet been given that britain will at any time require greater quantities of bacon from canada than are provided for in the present contract what this means to the canadian producer of hogs and bacon may estimated only after examining the canadian situation the present con tract of 5 600000 pounds of bacon and bam weekly uses the produc of about 48 000 canadian hogs the canadian domestic trade consumes the product of about 40000 hogs weekly on the average therefore canadian packers can sell the product of less than 90 000 bogs eacn week prom november 4 to april 4 weekly marketings of hogs in canada averaged more than 96000 during this period there had been accumulated in storage the product of about 280 000 hogs according u present estimates this amount is sum xfent to make up any possible de fldency of exports which may result from short hog marketings during the summer months with current mar ketings exceeding the amount required for export and domestic upe it apparent that greater quantities pork products will be offered for sale in the domestic market the pressure of increased supplies on the domestic market will in an probability result in lower prices for the products ex perlence indicates that lower prices will increase consumption conse quently it may be possible o market the whole canadian production if prices to canadian consumers decline tbere will be some decline in hog prices what that decline may be cannot be forecast until experience demonstrates what reduction in price will put into consumption the add tional quantity necessary to clear our market with regard to the more distant fu ture there seems to be no posslni hty of shg any definite prediction st the present time it may be as tanned that if the war continues for a long period britain will call upon canada for greater supplies of bacon and many other food product how ever since the duration and course of the war cannot be predicted it is equally impossible to predict when an increased demand for bacon may come from the british government beauty culture tor farm homes the oftemoted line from thomas hood i remember i remember the house where i was born and another by william cowper be it a weakness it deserves some praise we love the play piece of our early days touch a responsive chord in the hearts of those who cher lsh the memory of that childhood home of long ago these lines occurred to the present writer as he listened to a re markable address by c h hodge editor of the farmers magazine to ronto on the occasion of a recent meeting of the quebec horticultural federation in montreal the topic was the beautificatlon of farm homes in ontario and with the aid of coloured lantern slides the speaker des cribed the transformation of the homes of those who entered competitions sponsored by his paper indeed credit for the idea and its realization belongs to mr hodge as mr hodge expressed it we owe to our children the enduring memory of an attractive home one that in after years they can recall wlh pleasure and pride and a child s most impressionable years are be tween 5 and 12 with a glance backward by the late highly esteemed dean e a howes of edmonton records most entertainingly and pic turesquely the scenes and events of his childhood in ontario mr hodge showed how marvellously the appearance of a farm home can be improved by a little trimming and painting by tidying up around it giving some care to the lawn and especially by planting flowers the othtr day the writer heard of a man who offered a house for sale at 300000 and found no bidder he then spent 14000 on a paint job and sold the house easilj for hooq 00 painters of anotherxolour may deplore the appearance of a silo on the farm because they say it means no moe pumpkins among the corn and poets may rave about the tumbledown shack somewhere byron said of italy thy very weeds are beautiful thy wastes more rich than other clime s fertility but s irely mort beauty and charm attach to the home of peace and plenty the ontario crop improvement aiocialion has for its slogan better rural conditions through crop improvement it is a strange ano maly that many a farmer who takes great pleasure and pride in his thriving field crops cultivated and fertilized with consummate care is indifferent to the immediate surroundings of the farm house thanks to mr hodge it may now be said that the old order changeth yielding place to new the pruning of young apple and pear trees young orchards of today are the hope or the future states r d l bugh assistant in pomology domin ion experimental station kentvllle njb they must not be neglected now either in pruning growth or insect and disease control if they are to give highest production jn the future pruning has a dwarfing effect on the tree and the grower should bear in mind that every printing out will tend to reduce tree size and fruit produc tion nevertheless jt mustbe regard ed as an essential orchard practice ajp it is the only practicable method of developing a strong framework that will support the bearing portions of the mature tree in future years there fore the amount of pruning given newly planted and young trees should only be what ls absolutely essential to the development of a strong frame work pruning begins with the young tree at planting time to offset the loss of roots left in the soil when the tree ls dug the practice of removing crowding branches so as to provide a modified leader type of tree with splr- 1 ally arranged scaffold branches ls re- commended over the old method of heading back all branches if this pruning is not done the greatly re duced roo system may not be able to supply the necessary moisture for the relatively large leaf bearing surface and the young tree may die from dry lng out if year ing whips are planted all buds to a height of 18 inches are rub bed off all remaining buds are allowed to grow this makes for a large leaf development which results in a larger root system with a sturdier trunk if two year old nursery trees are used the method of pruning ls the same as for the whip that has been out t year branch selection is practised those brunches which come out at right or wide angles with the leader are selected for the framework the louest branch about 26 inches from the ground and others six to eight inches apart arranged systematically and spirally above this until five or six such scaffold branches are estab lished subsequent pruning should be light onlj those branches having detrimental effect on the future shape of the tree should be cut off re member that early bearing yield and size of the roe are largely determin ed by the pruning methods practised after the framework of the tree is es tabllshed aehs3444 dept urges special drive to improve school grounds herniations provide 515 to 30 ranee for flowers shrubs and bulbs which most be planted by pupils them selves under direction of teachers the ontario department of educa lion is urging a special drive this spring for improvement in the appear ance of rural school grounds in par ocular a survey made by chief in spector v k greer and norman davles inspector of agricultural class es shows that of 5 722 schools only 1 438 have lawns mowed and trees shrubs and flower beds cared for 2500 have trees and shrubs partially cared for and the grass cut only several times a year with a farm mower 1 784 with gra and weeds seldom cut and shrubs and trees if planted neglected while the school acts and regula tlons make the school board respon slble for the size and general care of the grounds mr davles points out that the regulations provide for a 15 to 30 range for flowers shrubs i bulbs which must be planted by the cbc katknal networks on 7 pups edst tnjro- l parrell weo known farmers cautioned abtul speculations on food for export parmem andimrm leaden are cau tioned against accepting too literally the speculations appearing in the press since the german occupation of den mark with regard to what the united kingdom may mean to canadian agri culture says a statement released on april ltfrh by the agricultural buppnea board it is true that denmark held a poal won of major importance as a source of bacon eggs and dairy product far trfe british market this is indicat ed by the figures released april 11 by the dominion bureau of statistics and- widely published to the effect that in 1938 the last year for which complete jtrittsh import data are available denmark supplied britain wth 380 million pounds of bacon 2651 million pounds of bqtter and 96 mil lion doaen of eggs statistics from danish sources on export to ti united kingdom show that the feuu- atton changed but pupils under the direction of the eacher and may be included in the agricultural report as expenditure on which the grant ls paid this is in schools where agriculture is taught the school board pays this year but gett the money back in next years grant mr davles explains in ungraded schools the grant is a refund when the teacher has no cer lficate in agriculture the amount ls up to 15 but where the teacher does hold a certificate it is up to 30 mr dav et is emphatic that all the work must be done by the pupils no school can hire work done by outside help and still get the grant he stal school inspectors are greatly enthus ed over uie school bcautiflcation cam i j fti his garde in daffodil time tulips teacher- and pupils alike a number i l k t w j5 of the horticultural societies are also l s it howlng increased ln erest in school jil- m earliest flowers in garden and parks to visit gardens and parks at thb time of the year and make a note of the flowering bulbs will prove interest ing and helpful to lovers of flowers the bulbs have to be obtained in the fall but a list made when the blooms are seen will be a great help in mak lng up an order later says isabella preston division of horticulture cen tral exp- im uij farm ottawa the ea llest flowers are snowdrops which i rve dainty white bells but arc i ot vtry showy unless grown in quantltj chlonodoxa and scllla sib- erica c probably the easiest to grow and mo attractive of these very earlj bloomers both have blue flowers growing against a south wall of a house is a good place to look for the earliest crocus these can be bught in various colours and do well in sunny borders daffodils seem to be the true harbinger of spring and should be grown in every garden there are numbers of varieties and types and gardeners who have not seen a representative collection will be armed with their beauty any oriewho grows them should invite horticultural society to planting programs and are contiibut lng trees and hrubs and bulbs schools in their districts boys needed for farm work ontario department of labour sends out call for youthful helpers on the food front with a tremendous shortage of farm help in the offing ontario boys can do their bit on the food front during the war states alex maclaren georgetown director of farm training for the ontario depl of labor far mers are going to be gasping for help predicted mr maclaren at the pre sent time there is a definite shortage of boys lor farm work since march 1st i could have placed 150 more boys if i had then mr maclaren said boys from 16 to 22 years of age are needed for year round work at from 120 to 200 per year with board and washing included boys wishing farm jobs should write him care of the dept of labor par liament buildings toronto and should fanners who need help there are a number of high school boys who want to do their bit on farms during the summer months letters have been received from high to hftl m 1r- i bovn ln toronto and niagara pails asking for jobs from june loth uu the end of august it ls exr that collegiate lads from other trea will also apply during the next few notice to creditors ar it rao lft37 afl fjatmarrts against the estate of ffitmfc late of georgetown ontario jbo died on the wn day of deosm- v ims are hereby required to file tfcatr tfafcna dory verified before may m 1940 with the imrtma ad- snflssssrator who will forthwith trjsre- fjflat flhui fin mi ber estate having re tfisf 4f to us claims of which he ssvwsan km notion it sow aiil fleek iteonto jkarn 1kb ad imo newfoundland lad ls so anxious for a job in this province that he says he will get here some way or other mr m relates and it should be easy to obtain a good job for him over 140 lads have been placed on farms since march 1st seed for 1940 planting latest estimates give the commer cial crop of alfalfa ln canada as 4 812 000 pounds with requirements for seeding in 1940 at about 3250000 pounds the commercial crop of timothy seed is placed at 4235 000 pounds end the requirements for 1940 seeding at 10000 000 pounds pinal es itimates of alslke clover grown in can ada in 1939 gives a total of 2 166 000 pounds and a carryover from the for mer year of 1 100 000 pounds do mestic requirements for 1940 seeding are estimated at 2 000 000 pounds beauty ln city parks in may hya clnths are other bulbs that are used lor bedding in some places in the ottawa alstrlct they are seldom seen the winters are sometimes too se vere for them to thrive but ln milder districts they are attractive both for their colours and fragrance these bulbous plants are not par ticular as to soil but it must be well drained if very heavy it should be lightened by sand and leaf mould bone meal added at planting time and a little nitrate of soda in spring whet growth starts are recommended for daffodils and tulips cheap building alighwy in 1939 roughly 400 million pounds bacon 226 million pounds butter 97 million doz en eggs while the same sources in dlcajte that danish exports to britain during the first two months of the present year did not vary widely from those for the same period of last year these ere impressive trade figures with respect to the products men itloned prom the briuahmarket stand point danish supplies represent ed 49 per cent of britain s total im ports of bacon 25 per cent of her total imports of butter nearly half her total imports of eggs from th danish standpoint the changed mar xeting situation is even more striking since the above mentioned shipments made up about 60 per cent of her to tal exports of all commodities for is38 a second consideration ls that den mark is not only removed from the british marketing piotutre for the period of the german occupation but will likely be a lesser factor jn exports of live stock products for some time afterwards for it must be remember ed that denmark s large production of these commodities was only possible because as a maritime nation she could import considerable quantities of feeds despite great efforts in recent years to increase home feed produc tion the best information available shows that she imported from 20 to 23 per cent of her feed grain now that she lias fallen within the orbit of the enemy denmark finds herself blockaded and lacking the opportuni t of bringing in much of these feeds she may be forced to liquidate a pro portion of her live slock this pro cess of course will enable her tern iorarily to keep up her export of live and dressed animals and poultry with germany presumably as the mar ket but n is a process of killing the goose that laid t g eggs what does this removal of den mark from the british supplies picture mean to the canadian farmer this much can be said according to offl clal advice received by the bacon board brjftaln is at the moment heavl ly stocked with bacon and domestic and irish production are keeping well up she is also supplied with butter the loss of danish supplies of both hese cot modi ties considerable as it ls ln volume can be at least partially offset by reductions in rations ln creased only a short time ago because of large supplies on hand the de- termlnatloi of the british authorities to use heir exchange for the pur chase of tl ose things most needed for the successful prosecution of the war will undoubtedly lead to exploration of the above possibilities before new sources art sought of supplies former ly coming from the scandinavian countries should britain later seek and butter to replace in part supplies heretofore received from denmark ap parently she will have to turn to the north american continent the unit ed states has surpluses of many agri cultural products and prices are re latively lew exchange rates however plus the fact that britain may wish to use her american currency for the purchase of more strictly military sup- i piles may cause the united kingdom authorities to look to canada for add fxl quant ties of bacon and other live stock products when that time comes it might likewise be pointed out that even should britain require from canada increased quantities of these commodities there is no indlcaftian that greatly increased prices would follow prom the very beginning of the war britain s policy has perforce been aimed at preventing undue price increases in supplies needed for war purposes and due to the tremendous strain placed on the british exchequer by a war that is so costly and that may be long she is likely to continue this policy as high operator aaxninam are aoagt by an farmers the p la to attain high iboalptg per agar a budget of antidpatad expenditure and revoaua for the coming- year should be pre pared under expenditure in addition to such current outlays as wages of family and hired labour feed and seed purchases repairs threshing taxes and some other items add signs to cover depreciation of bufum and machin ery interest on capital or mortgage or both as the case mar be at the bottom of thto long list of eogwnsea wages for the operator calculated at such rates as may be considered a lair remuneration for bislabour and man agement should be sot down tfee hat of anticipated revenue inotrve tin expected receipts from the dairy herd milk and mux product salsa and sales of cattle anil calves revenue from crops bogs sheep poultry aaal other enterprises each considered separately all estimates of revenue should be made on a conservative basis if the operator is worth the wagea he has allowed himself the total of the revenue should equal or exceed the expenditures seldom does a farm budget balance on the first trial and most frequently one will need to seek means whereby the receipts may be increased additional live stock or crops may have to be considered or changes ln farm practices may have to be made to obtain higher produc tion per cow hen acre or other unit the carefully prepared and written budget approach to the business of the year thus reveals before the year s work begins what may be expected under normal conditions should the prospective net returns as calculated appear unsatisfactory in the first trial try again there is still time to make changes in the plan before the busi ness yearls too far advanced this method has been found to stimulate business turn over in agriculture with consequent improved net returns just as it does in urban industry u nh older braor cudn nm nd be -tacky- when a i daub bext pl sob me or phone me right wr pennl attention george c brown norval phone 382 r 21 of all the building trades in can ada characterbuilding seems to be the lowest paid according to fig urea presented to the ontario se condary schools convention 13 000 of the 64 000 teachers in the ooun txys public scfiool systems re ceived lejt than 10 a week in 1938 with but slight improvement since ottawa citizen see us lor any type of job printing prices reasonable and fast efficient service to facilitate farm placing for boys the department has placed h f irwin in astern ontario and o d cowan ln western ontario they wfi interview farmers and boys who are anxious to got together and maka sure the right boy goes to the right farmer wages for summer months will likely range from 10 to 16 with board such is the fame of mr maclarens work in ontario tha aptf ll vrrw ftvxn buys have been received from newfoundland and vanconver the implements on or off in less than o minute with ford tractor ferguson system little chats on farm management plans for successful business year a large business turnover during the year adds substantially to the pos sibility of securing good earnings from the farm business this is one of the outstanding findings of both the da made in ontario during the year end ed april 30 1938 these studies were conducted cooperatively by the econ omics division dominion department of agriculture ottawa and the on tario agricultural college guelph to illustrate the point that volume of business is vtfy amportttnt t 1b here quoted from to analysis of the tostlnsbsof 3h farm woo shipped jnok for manufacturing purposes too mitt prwlooers r bout up their total farm raoatpta 30 per adjusted acre had avwaga operator earnings of tlbs as com pared wrh earnings of only im where the total reoejpta per adjusted acre with the new ford 1 ferguson srsuca yoa waste no tune m making lengthy imple ment obtmgeoven for fergu son wbodfess huplemenu to cluing tbe row cultivator may be attached or detscbed by one man m less than a mm etc without the use of tools front and reafwbed tread adjustments also a simple one- man operation then are other things about the new ford tractor with fer guson system of bydrauhcauy controlled wheeltoss imple ments that wtd tman you couieinbiidseitdecdonstra bona gladly arranged dont bmss this ehance to seethe eanjpmsnt -khum- fobd oabachb c