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4 I IMPn0VEMi:NT OF STOCTf. To the raniier who has his lunil in good' condition to furnish wliat is ucrissary for the proper care of live slock, and has become convinced that it would be to his advantage to make a start in the work, the next question is. how shall I begin? This looks like an eusy question to an- swer, but it is not, as it must be settled with due regard to his linanci- nl standing and other circumstances connected with his surroundings. If he does not have capital to buy good stock, he at least has time to grow it, so that he must determine which ho shjiU depend upon most in his work. If he decides in favor of time he will, as a rule, find it the safest iilan, as very few men can go into the market with a sum of mon- ey, purchase freely in any line of stock, and feel entirely satisfied with the result. We have seen a good many herds and flocks started in that manner, and many proved failures. Those that did not were saved by changing their breeding stock after they had learned to buy what they Wanted and not what the other man Wanted to sell. To the man who starts in slowly, and studies the busi- ness carefully, there is little danger of loss and good opportunities for doing A PROFITABLE BUSINESS. If the farmer has some ordinary native, or unimproved female stock on lund. progress is comparatively easy and not at all expensive when the returns are consihered. He ijur- chases or xises the improved sires owned by his neighbors of the par- ticular breed he thinks most suitable for his purposes. Having made the first cross he should .stick to the same breed, selecting each time some of the best females to add to his fiock or herd, and replace others that are not up to his stanuard. It sires are carefully chosen each succeeding cross will show an improvement, and by the time he has females with four straight cro.sses of an improved breed, he has animals that are practi- cally as useful to the farmer as if they were pure bred. His ad<led co.st to secure such animals, compared with tl'e unimproved stock would have cost him, would be in a little better feeding, the cost for use of im- proved sires, and better shelter than is usually given scrub stock. Thi.s would only be a small part of the benefit he would receive from the im- provement he had made. Whether the improvement had been made in cat- tle, sheep or hogs the results would be equall.y good. Meanwhile ho had learned the business of caring for the stock, making the best selections for carrying on the work of improvo- ment, and at a minimum of cost. This is the safest plan for the new beginner, and substituti^s time, which he has. for money that he doe.": not have. He does not run in debt and have to pa.v interest. The danger is thnt he will not persistently follow the course FIKST MARKKl) OUT Qiirl will shift from one breed to an- other so that his stock becomes mon- gcrlized, and no better for practical purposes th^in when he first began its im|5rovenient. Or he may get a half- blocd mule that looks so good that ho decides to breed to him. and a gn ater mistake could not be made, as the progeny is neail.y certain to show more of the scrub dam than of the half-blood sire. It should always be borne in mind that unim'-roved animals, or scrubs, are strongly bred, as they are the re- sult of their environment. The.v have been ne.jlocted, and nature, which nev- er makes mistakes, adapts them for their surroundings. The more thev arc neglected the more worthless they become to man, and the better fitted, they become to stand hardships and privations. Thus the improved hog, I if turned loose in the woods, in a I few penemtions becomes a razon- I back, the Shorthorn or Hereford as lean, gaunt and nmscnlar as a Texan ! long horn, and the mutton sheep I gains in speed and activity at the , expense of fleece and mutton. The ten- dency of all Iivi> stock is to revert to its natural condition when left to care for itsilf, and the Holstein or Jprw.v that gave milk nine or ten montbf- in the year, in a few genera- tions dries up a.s soon as its cald is weaiud. It has been the skill of the breeder, added to shelter and gener- ous fe<-din.r that has given us the im- proved breeds of live .stock, and made them so valuable as producers of FOOD ANT) CLOTHING. As soon OS the feed becomes scanty and no shelter is provided, the ani- mal reverts to its natural form, and while enabled to maintain itself is unable to do any more. The condi- tii ns that produced the improvement in the first place must be continued or all that has been gained will be thrown away. It is therefore import- ant that the farmer arranges to pro- vide food and shelter before starting to improve his stock, for if he does not he will never realize much benefit from his work. Good live stock on a farm has a moral infiuenco that should not be ignored. Its tendency is to make better farmers, and to interest the former and hib family in improving their surroundings. It also de- velops soci.abilit.v, for good cattle, I or sheej), or hogs, will always draw i the attention of neighbors. It also acts as a Ktivuig incentive for them to improve their stock also. Good stock, therefore, i.s alwa.ys doing mis- sionary work in a neighborhood, anfi is a bcnel'it to the entire commubit.y. ] A good farmer will not long be con- I tent with scrub stock, nor will a scrub farmer ever keep improved stock. If he starts in, one or two â-  thinps will happen, either the farmer improves or the stock d'eteriorates, and soon become!! worthless. The kind of stock a farmer keeps is there- fore a pri'tt-- p-o'>'' infleir of the kind of farming he is doing. FERTILITY OF OUCIIAIt'DS. From an article on fruit growing !by ,a correspondent, we take the fol- I lowing remarlis on the necessity of 1 keeping up the fertility of the soil in orchards: I "lie have often heard the (piestion asked as to what would be the best (fertilizer lor orcliards, and I know inan.v casis the answer has been j brains. Now in the use of brains las a fertilizer I think wo would find I something more expensive than com- I mercial fertilizer, as we call it. One ! cannot muku a free use of their brains in studying out whtit tlie.y shall use. The soil and the plant food it con- tains are something like a bank. So long as your deposit is good your checks are honored, aiul the larger your deposit the better your credit. We can see from this that the soil is a kind of storehouse for plant food to be taken tij) and used l.>y our croi>s. The soil whore we grow our trees has been mostl.v deribed from the breaking down of the rocks, and althouph there is an immen.se amoiuit of plant food there, very few soils csinLTin in available form food more than enough to last two or ' three years and give maximum crops. The thing for us to do is to learn how to pet the mo.st food out of this soil and how to have at all times an ample siijiply. You have inan.y j^iincs been told whet kind of food our l)lants need. Chemists have told us we want some potash, phosphoric ac- id and nitrogen, and of course all of these are required. Vii) find, how- ever, something more than this in the siil, and the fruit grower calls it humus. THE NAME HUMUS has been aiiplied to deciiying plants. I.IGHT THROWN ON CANCEIU New Field of Observation Opened XJp. Is Great importance is attached to two recent discoveries concerning cancer which have been widely dis- cussed in Loudon recontly. The Urst of these is the discoveiy of the exis- tence of cancer in fishes, ai> in man and other warm-blooded animals liv- ing in similai- conditiona to man. 1 1 is hoped that the fact that cancer exists in fish. whi<h live under such ditTerent conditions from man, may conduce to a more speedy and com plpte knowledge of the disease. The other discovery was that of I'rof. Farmer and Messrs. Moore and Walker. 'I'his does not promise an immediate cure or prevention, but is acknowledged to be of the highest important c. .-Vt present its practi- cal value is diagnostic. It ciialiles a distinction to bo drawn readily, even ea«il.v, between malignant and be- iiigant growths. The fundamental importance of the discoviiry must be discounter!. Heretofore the most te - rible tiling about cancer has been the ignorance oJ the causes of its birth and growth. A microbe para^^itc has been suggested, but has failed com- pletely to justifj the theories found- ed on the assumption of its presence. NOT EMBRYOMC TISSUE. Another tl.eory which has been ac- cepted genera ll.v of late has been that cancer is the untimelj' growth of an embryonic tissue, that is a tissue which bad oxi.'-ted in the body stationary and undeveloped since some previous stage. Evolution had started it into activity, and it deve- loved at a furious rate in an entiie- ly wrong wa,v. Prof. Farmer and his colleagues have now eslablis^hed tic nature of the cancer cells, tl e method of their growth, the po sible conne:tinn of 'heir growth, and the irritating causes which provoked it, incidental- ly showii'g that cancer cells aie not a development of the embryonic tis- sue. It Is difficult to explain the di.s- covery briefl.v in popular language, but the central poiit is the estab- lishment of tho fact that the cancer cells a>"e cells wlii' h under some kind of irritating ^tiim Itis beliavo not as ordinary cells, but as if they weru cells of the reproductive tissue. The process observed during the clevelop- ment makes it easy to tell if a cell is malignant cancer. Research, therefore, lias a new field of obser- vation in finiling what agents of irritation are causing an ordinary I ell to act the same a.s cells of re- productive ti.ssuc. Without Syffermg sixteen Years of Great Distross From CndiKssticn and Liver Trouble â€"Doctors Failedâ€" Cure Effected by Dr. Chase's Kidney Liver Pills THE GHEAT SMITH FAMILY. It Beats the Joneses, the Browns, and all Others. It numbei's maJ<e for grejitncss then is the Smith family incontustably the grcatoKt of all the familiea in- habiting thoFc islands says the Lon- don Daily Mail. The pride of Smith is writ large upon the pages of the now Post Oflice I.«ndon Directory, for in the â- â€¢court" sections lu'e enshrined the niunes of 504 Smiths, to which may bo added 21 Smyths and 9 Smythos. There are individually recorded here 30 ladies whose sole appellation is plain "Mrs. Smith." At the head of the family list stand a Judge, a Baronet, 2 Knights 2 Members of Parliament, on Admir- al, :i Colonels, 1 Lieutenant-Colonel, 1 Major, 4 Captains and III Rever- ends, all of the name of Smith. In the much larger "commercial" section of the directory are found eighteen columns of Smiths. each containing the names of about iiin«»- ty individual Smiths; so we may I take it that Uiere aJ'n at least 1,(500 Smiths inhnbitiog the commercial woild of London. \ large numl)er of jiermutations and combinations of Smith are to be found. Thus we have Smith and Smyth, or, with the luddltion of the itenteel "e," Smithe and Smythe. In the plural we have Smiths. Smithes, Smithyes, Smythies. In the comparative degree, Smither, .Sxniters. and Smythers; there is no Smithest. Wn al.=o have the allied active forms Smithem, Smitham and Smithett, also Smithson and Smthson. Foreign forms arc Smit, Schmit. Schmitt, Schmidt. Schniitz and Smll.s. There are doubtless other varisnts, but the above are all th.at the eye of the untrained man is likely to detect, furti er riiPfeientia- tion may be left to Smith experts. The Joneses muslor but 295, of whom 42 are plain "Mis. Jones." There are 20H persons named Brown besides three named Browns and 57 Brownes. The Rob- insons are nowhere. t.y comparison. SUKE. CHRISTENING BAHY. i It is a compliment to a great man to name the baby after him. But what about the baby? Even those l^arents who insist that their chil- dren owe ever.vthing to them will at least concede that tbc.v owe it to the child to .give it a name that will not be a handicap should it ever make its wn.v or have a business that must be advertised. And to give a child a name that has already been ilanped ujion tlie tiptop pinnacle of fuiiH! is to make it the victim of ri- diculous contrasts all its life. The ba'w's nanie is most important. It should be short, simple, sensible â€" (it to become the nucleus around which an individualil.v nia.v cr.vstalize. 'We cniinot have too many Johns and Mirys. or too few .tullus Caesar .louses and Roberts Duller Kitchener Brown."' Thi' following good story is told of the scrretary of a musical society: A penileman rang his door-bell one ev- coml-ieKfioii. Iron and steel filings and l.m'iiings. when mixcMi with oil, will ignite s[)ontaneously after be- coming carbonized In most cases of chronic intHge,s- tion the liver and kidnc.vs aio at fault aS well as the, stomach, and te- cniisc of their combined a' tlon on the.'^e organs, llr. Chase's Klilucy- Llver I'llls cure when all ordin iry means fail. The rare of Mrs. Husband is not unlike .scores and hundreds which ur* lOI^ated to UR. There can lie no better evi.'Ience as to the thoroujjh ie.":p and p(Tecti\x'ness of Dr. Chase'H Kllney-liver Pills. Mrs. E. lUiuband, Moore street, Ht. Cathniiiie/i, _Onl., states; â€" "1 Was feriorsl.v afflicted with indiges- tion and stomach trouble for six- teen yeais- Fiiinlly 1 became so bad that t rould scarcely oat an.v- thing without sufTering terrible dis- tress. Giadually 1 grew weaker and moic ematiatod, and though treatu:! b.y three doctors and a sjiccialist 1 received no boncflt. ".\fter a time a pain began in my right side, which medical men said wn."* liver trouble. I never got relief until I began the use of Dr. Cha.so's KlJuej-Liv«r Pills, and they helpo.1 me at onic By using about a dozen bo.xes I was entirely cured. I owe m,v cure entirely to this treatment, and make this statement with tho hope that some poor sulTerer ma.v benefit by m.v experience." Dr. Chase's Kidne.v-Liver Pills, on© pill a dose. 25c a box. at all dealers, or Edman.»x)n, Hates ft Co., Toronto. To protect you against Imitations, the i»orlrait and signature of Dr. A. W. Cbase, the famous receipt book author, arc on every box. either plants grown upon the soil that ha^e died .and been allowed to remain there, or where we have ap- plied manure to the soil, and in many cases you will liiid it is the Lack of humus that reduces the yield of our tresis. This humus tends to make the soil spoiig\-like and prevents loss of plant food. I presume that in most cases the amount of plant food that is .tictually lost in the soil is in excess of what is used b.v the plants, and in maintaining this fertilit.v we went to be able in tho first place to hold and save from loss this large i .amount of jdant food. It is reall.y a Iniatler of dollars and cents. The cheiui.st figures out what these mn- terials are worth and will sn.v; If ,vou can save a pound of potash it is worth five cents, and every jiounu of nitro.nen .^ ou can save is worth ; twelve cents, and five cents more for I the i>hosphoric acid. TIk? first thing. ithen. is to carry out lh(; idea of jProi. Watte in kt>opiiig up this supply of humus by growing cover crops and I turning them under, or applying ma- nures. The best soils will run out after lou.g periods of cultivation. The ground i;:, during the greater part of the .year, bare and exposc^d to the rnina and the rains have washed out this plant food. The best crop rec- ommended for this cover crop is oats, sown about the first of August and plowed under early in the spring. The j next best is Crunsan clover. sown ! about the same time, but the seed is expensive, and in our country it starts too late in the spring and [hardly gets growth enough in the j fall. I Now, we better not spend so much time watching the tops of our trees for a crop of apples, but watch and stiid.v to And out what is required around tbe bottoms, and then the fruit will appear in due time in tha ltop»." The Robust Physique Can Stand More Coffee Than a Weak One. A yoimg Virginian says: "Having a naturally robust constitution far above the average and not having a nervous temperament, my s.ystem was .able to resist the inroads upon it by the use of coffee for some years but finally the strain began to tell. "For ten years I have been employ- ed as telegraph operator and typo- writer by a railroad in this section, and until two years ago I had used coi ee continually from the time I was eight years old, nearly 20 years. "The work of operating the tele- graph key is a great strain upon the nerves and after the day's work was over I would feel nervous, irritable, run down and toward the last suffer- ed greatly from insomnia and neural- gia. As I never indulged in intoxi- cating liquors, drugs or tobacco in any form I came to the conclusion that colTee and tea were causing tho gradual break-down of my nervous system and having read im article in the Medical Magazine on the composi- tion of cofiee and its toxic ellect up- on the system, I w.as fully convinced that cofl'ee was the cause of my trouble. "Seeing I'ostum .spoken of as not having any of the deteriorating ef- fects of coffee I decided to give up the stimulant and give Postum a trial. The result was agreeabl.v sur- prising. After a time my nerves be- came wonderfully strong;, 1 can do all m.v work at the telegraph key ami typewriter with far .greater oa.so than ever before. My weight has in- creased 35 pounds, my general health keeping pace with it. and I am a new man and a better one." Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek. Mich. There's a reason. Look in each package for the fam- ous little book, "The Road to AVell- ville." MACXF.TIC STORMS. The occuiTeiice on October 31st of a great magnei ie storm, which in- terfered with telegraphic lines more or less all over the noithciii hemis- phere, coincideutally with the real>- pearance of vast groups of spots upon the sun, has i eawjiJ<ei:ed dis- cussion of the iiuestion of the influ- ence of suii-s])Ots, or rather of the forces that produce sun-spots, upon the magnetism of "Ihc earth. The pre- vailing opinion among astronomers and physici.sts is that disturbances in the -sun, iccurring at intervals of about 11 years, do exercise, in tome as yet luidefiiied nmnncr, uii electro- magnetic infiuenco upon the eurtii. and that to this inlluence is dui> the appearance of brilliant displa.vs of the aurora borenlis and the occur- rence of magnetic ttorms that affect telegraphic instruments and magne- tic needles. But not every grotip of !nin-si)ots is accompauic-d by these cxfj-aordinary phenomena. DISTRESS AFTER EATING. Can Only Be Cured by Removing ^ the Cause of the Trouble. Tliere is only one way to cure in- digestion; the medicine must act | upon the digestive organs â€" not upon j their contents. Medicine should not ; do tho stomach's work, but sliuuld ' make the stomach do the work na- ture intended It should do. Dr. ! Williams Pink Pills do this as oo ' other medicine can. Ti.e.y tone upl the stomach, restore tho weakened digestive organs and promote nat- ural digestion. There is no doutit' about this â€" it has been proveti in ' thousands of cases that Dr. Williams Pink Pills cure indigestion when all other medicines fail. Mr. Elccar Robiiloux, St. Jerome, Que., offers his testimony to substantiate tliis. He says : â€" "For some years I was a great suflerer from indigestion. My appetite became irregular, and every- thing I ate felt like a weight on my stomach. I suffered much from paina in the stomach and was freciuonUyj .seized with di^iness and .severe liead- acJics. Nothing I tried did me a Pa'- ticle of good until 1 be.^'an the use of Dr. Williams Pink Pills, and these^ after tailing them for about two months, completely cured me. It is nearly two years since I discontinu- ed t.he use of the pills, and I liave not since had the slightest return of tho trouble." Dr. Williams Pink Pills ciu'e not only indigestion, but every trouble due to poor blood and .shattered nerves. They will not fail if the treatment is given a fair trial. Don't take any pink colored substitute â€" don't take anything but Dr. Wil- liams Pink Pills for Pale People. Y'ou will find the full name printed on the wrapper lU'ound every box. Sold by all medicine dealers or sent by mail at 50 cents a box or sj.x boxes for $2.50 by writing The iOr. Williams Mpt'icinc Co., Brockville, Ont. ^ BLOW TO TRUE SCOTS. Bagpipes Were Introduced to Then by the .English. The true Scot.sman wtU sfuud a sad half hour wlien he learns that Scotland cannot really boast ol being the motiier â€" or faUier â€" of th# bagpipes, and that these liai'niicss and necessai'y musi ul instruments had been actually dumped on to the land of healhev and gorso by Eng- land ! As this charge wau made at the annual gathering of the Incorporat- ed Society of Mu^iciiuis â€" and in Olas- gow, too â€" it is an insinuatiou llvat mu.st not be treated too higlily. Scotsmen in London are alieady thinking of combining in a big pro- test against this slur upon the pipes. However, enquiries were .set afoot, and it was found that the bagpipe goes back into dim dajs of the Old Testament, and that it wa-s used by the Egyptians, tho Greeks, and the Romans long, long before either Kngland or Scotland produced anything beyond mud and paleoUths. H has been known in various coun- tries and languages as the musetto. the sackpfeife (a most descriptive word) -and the cornamusa. In Nero's time it was a iiopiilnr b.-stru- mcnt, for history has it tliat wicko.l emperor "proiuL-ied to apiom* bofjro tl:e public an n bngpiior." It is very probable that it was not. the fiddle tliat Nero played while Romo was burning â€" hut the ba.gpipe. Shakespeare talks of "the drore of a Lincoliishiie bagpipe," and a 'ar greater than he â€" the British I".n- cyclopaodia â€" gives much evidence "to disprove the common notion that the instrument has always been peculiar to Scothuid." -After this blow to Highlund tradi- tions some c.vnical Investigator will prove, perhaps, tltat the haggis canie originally from .\ustralia, mat tlio Scotch liroth was made first in (ler- niaii.v, that tlic kills were ab(jri,ii:ial gaimunts man.v years B.C. (as, in- deed, they were). ,'in<l that 11. e best Scotch whiske,\ conies from Ireland. But there is still butterscot.h remaining. Nobody can prove that this delicacy wn.s dumped into Scot- land by alien confectioners. HAS 500 ROOMS, A hotel covering nn area of two acres, containing practically 500 rooms, and costing $5, 000, (KM.), has been opened at Manchester, Fngland, by the Midland Railway company. DR. A. W. CHASE'S nC CATARRH CURE... ^UC Is srat direct la the ditaued parl6 by thtt Improved Blower. Ile.ii* ihe utoars. c]r.\n the air p»x»aj«^. «op« dropptncK In th« ib-'oat and pcimananlTy curas Cataj-rli a«d Ha; Fawr. BWwec frea. All draUns. or Dr. A. W Ch»a MaOMM Cow. Toreois tad BsBalA A MOTKEK'S FEAISE. "From the lime my bain' was born." says Mrs. RoLt. I'rice, of (,'ombermere, Ont.. "l:c was always sickly and costive until I began giv- ing iiini P.aby's O'-'^n Tal;let-s. i'.e is now, well, strong ijid growin.n nicc- l.v. and I can hardly sa.v how thank- ful I am for m.v bivbv's cure." In every home where there are young children this medicine should always ba kept on h.ind. The troubles of little ones come wlii»n least oxpoctod, and a .do.sc of tlie Tablets promi tly given ma.v s-ave a precious little life, itnbys Own Tablets cure ail the minor ills of little ones, and an oc- casional dose will prevent sickness. They are guaranteed to contain no opiate or harmful drug. The Tablets are Fold b.V all medicine dealers or sent I'ost poid at 2.5 rents a Pox b.v writing Tl'.o Dr. Williams .Moilicine Co.. Brockville, Ont. EVERY LUXURY PROVIDF.D A dog's tailor exists in Pari-. Tl,e tai'or is a woman and in her (H^tpt- lon rooms the dog has rug?, water and even bifctilts to refre.>»h him dtr- Ing the trying on proccs." Heie arc (he daintiest water color i»iit'orM books to choose from, and nn.vt':ing from sealskin to chamois it* pro^id- Evorvthing comes to hiir who i- â€"except the money he loam- •friend.