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INDICTMENT AGAINS T GERMANY Her Certain Defeat Predicted by President Emeritus of Harvardâ€" Utter Lack of True Political Liberty r*rrr5r Oharlea W. Eliot, pr«sid«nt em*.ritu8 of Harvard Univeimty, has drawn iip and signed an extra- ordinarj- document; an indictment against ofl&cial Germany for its part in the present European war ; an arraignment of the principl«», metiiods and systematic practise which may be regarded as littl* rfiort of t«rrific in its thunderbolt quality. Witlial, there is no heat, no anger, in the who^le series of charges. They are placed, one af- ter another, >n calmness of spirit, in logical order. Whether the in- dividual readier agree* with theim or not, taken aa a whole they con- stitute a picture of the present conflict and causes thereof as seen by one of the most distinguished of living AmericaJie. For that r©a- 6<in alone tlie document is of in- herent interest and corresponding importance. Among otlier things President Eliot declarer tliat the Government of Germany is the most autocratic in Euroj)e;'that the people of Ger- many "do not know what political and social liberty is." He adds without reserve that "Germans do not know how free peoples regard the sanctity of contract, not only for business purposes, but for political purpose®, to say nothing of 'honorable obligations.' In particular, Dr. Eliot delivers a scathing analysis of German effi- ciency, aa he sees it, "which takes hold of every child in Germany at birth, and follows every youth and every man and woman through life until death." And this efficiency, he declares, has not brought forth a single one of many great discov- eries in Burgery, preventive medi- cine, chemistry, physios or com- plex business organizations, a list of which he draws up in proof of his aisertion. Regardmg American attitude to- . ward Germany, he says: "It seema to a native American profane to mention Bismarck and the German Emperor in the same breath with Was'liiiigton and Lincoln." In the <ii)iiii<in of tlie distinguish- ed educator the prospect is that the war in Europe will last until one or other of the combatants is thoroughly exhausted. "One can- not conceive of Germany submit- ting to defeat until she has exhaust- ed her supplies of men, money and UmxI." He i« also sure that equal ilifliculty will be encountered in i'<inceiviiiR that England will stop until she is thoroughly exhausted. "Fortunately from our point of view," he adds, "there is no more r<-£olute or dogged people in the world than the English, and we re- nieiiil.er in that connection with fatisfacticjn that many of us are of Englisih e.xtrat.'tion. ".-\.s Id France â€" a new thrill of Feeling und sentiment has gone through France. Every one that returns from France nays that the people Re<'in changed, externally and internally. They are sober and serious, and they go about tlieir daily work with a grave determi- nation to prevent by any sacrifices the extinction or the reduction in jMiwer of the French nation. "But what shall I say of Rusisia? It is the momentary, yes, the ra- ther jjcrmanent, belief in Germany that the Russians may be justly de- scribed as barbarians, senii-civi- li^.cd people. Oriental people, in- c(i[>able of that high degree of or- ganization and that practice of in- dividual liberty under law which •'harnctprize the promising Occi- dental peoples. And it is true tlliat the Iiustiians are an inmiense mass of people only laitely risen from the contlition of serfs, and tJiat they are ruled by a despotic ruler who is surrounded by an autocratic group of high public officials. "Hut we Americans have learned in recent years a, good deal about the Russians; and we find in them some qualities which give us hope lor the huge nation, which often -•♦ teems slumbering or half awake, as regards Ixfth commercial and iM>li- tiical activity. We have had a large number of Russians poured m upon us of recent yeaivs, and we have found them to he an indus- trious, intelligent, romantic people, capable of all th.e hig'hest tventi- ments of human nature, and having at heart a great ambition t<)ward liberty and exj)anding and improv- ing life. I had oc<'a8ion to observe while I was president of Harvard ColU'ge that there were no more intelligent students in the univer- uity than the Russians. They liad the defects of peoples that have been for generations under d««- putic rule, and doubtless on an Lmmeinse scale they etill ex'hibit those defects. "Many Americans have made ac- quaintance within the last fifteien jTea,r8 with modern Russian litera- ture. It is in hi^h degree imagina- tive, hoi)eful and pathetic, though often revolutionary in the proper sense of tlhat word â€" that ia, looking to great ohangeB in family and so- cial life and in the life of the Government. Tolatoy represents an immeniie moveanejit of the Rus- sian mind. It wias the Ocar of Ru»- sia tihat called t)i« first Hague ('on- ference. The Czar instituted the Duma, wthioh Ihaa had already an totereating and .truly remarkable career, conaidering that none of it» members had any experience of Political liberty. I admit that none of these things may go very deep, except the Russian literature. That goes deep into the 'heart and mind of the nation. That makevs a deep impressiooi on the heai-t and mind of the whole ci\iUzed world. "We have further to observe that three important steps have already been taken by Riussia since this war broke out, a'll of them of a highly progresaive nature. Onie is the of- fer to the Poles to reconstitute the Kingdom of Poland ; another is to give the Jews full civic rights in Rutwiia, and the third is the imper- ial order prohibiting the manufac- ture and use of tlie strong alco- holic spirit that the Russians have been in the habit of drinking. That last outconve of this suddon war is a very striking one. What if an immense temperance reform sHiould date from August, 1914, all over Russia? "We must not, therefore, accept the German view tiliat his war is really waged to resist a new irrup- tion of the barbarians into Europe. It is more than doubtful whether the Russians are barbarians. It is more than doubtful whether the spirit in w"hich the Russians are now fighting be not more accordant with tlie American spirit than the spirit which animates the German Empire." As to the dire possibility that the United States may be most vitally affected by the colossal conflict, Ur. Eliot is emphatic. "We must hope and pray," he says, "tliat we shall not be drawn into this most horrible war of all time. But that escape will he due to the fact that Russia, England and France have succeeded in de- feating Germany and Austria- Hungary." Some people. Dr. Eliot remarks, ascribe thia widespread war to the German Emperor or Cabinet or to 6ome particular German teachers or authors or to the growth of a strong, united military caste in Grerniany. "All these influences," he ad- mits, "doubtless contributed in some measure to the outbreak ; but the real cause of the successive military aggressions on the part of Germany since 1864 lies in the gradual prevalence throughout that nation, and particularly through- out its educated classes, of an ex- aggerated estimate of the bodily and spiritual merits of the Gorman people and of a belief that the na- tional greatness and the progress of characteristic German civiliza- tion were to be obtained through tlie development of the most tre- mendous national force that could jKjssibly be contrived and brought into being and through the grati- fication of the intense German de- sire for domination in Europe, and later in the world. "'The government of Germany is the most autocratic in Europe. It lias always been so in Prussia; and since German unification in 1871 that description applies to the whole of Germany. One of the most extraordinary phenomena in connection with this ferocious war is the unanimous opinion among German acholars, historians, states- men and diplomats, and indeed throughout the educated classes, that^-as was lately said to me in a letter from a German friend, 'We Germans are just as free aa you Americans are.' "They really believe that," Dr. Eliot continues. "This unanimous opinion is a c-omplete demonstra- tion of the effect of the autocratic government which has long existed in Germany on the spirit and tem- per of the German people aa a whole. "They do not know what politi- cal and social liberty is. They have no conception of sucfh liberty as we enjoy. They know nothing at all about the liberty England has won through parliamentary govern- ment, through party government. Their complete ignorance on tliat subject is the explanation of the fatal mistake the German Govern- ment made in going to war last summer before they knew w<hat Englajid was going to do or could do. "The German Government t/hor- oughly believed that in the exist- ing Condition of party government in England, witli the Ulster distur- bance stall unsettled and the trade union difficulties on hand, England not only would not go to war but could not. One could not have a better illustration of the complete ignorance of tUve German people as to what political and social liberty really is. "The German diploanabs misin- formed their Government about the state of Great Britain and Ireland and of France, in spite of their ample system of resident inform- ers, because neitther they nor their informers understood the political action of a free people. At this moment the German Government is being misinformed in like, manner about the state of American public opinion. To the German mind political liberty >means public in- capacity and weaknessâ€" particular- ly in war. "In the earlier ateps of the war Germany mie>t with a serieis of sur^ Wheeled Bulletproof Shield, Forming Defence Against Bullets and Shell Splinters, There was submitted to the War Office a few days ago a bullet-proof shield, and the maker, Mr. Fred Wallis, of Birmingham, was complimented on the ingenuity of his invention. The first photograpii shows the shield, which is bullet-proof at from twenty to fifty yards, in position for rapid travelling, and able to carry ammunition, etc. In the second photograph the sheld is place to protect men firing, and shows positions in which four or six men can fire from behind it, allowing two spare firing-holes for changing positions. The third photograph shows how men can advance or retire protected by the shield* In No. 4 the wheels and springs have been removed. Ten shields placed side by side in this position form a thirty-foot barricade, a very useful defence across roads, etc. The inventor notes that his device will protect infantry wherever it can be got into the firing-line, and is especially valuable to those engaged in approacJiing harbed-wire entanglements or cutting barbed-wire. It is claimed that eight good marksmen behind one shield will more than equal in effectiveness eightj' men beginning action at five hundred yards over an extended front of fifty yards. The manufacturers of the steel guarantee that a plate five millimetres thick is bullet-proof at fifty yards against the service rifle with service charge. The value of the novel invention in cases, especially, of necessarily slow advance, or stationary work, is indisputable. prises; because the German Gov- ernment and the military caste in Germany did not understand what comparatively free people value, what their ideals are and what they are capable of undertaking and en- during in defence of their ideals. For instance the Gennau doctrine about the justifiableness of violat- ing a contract or a treaty on the ground of military necessity was univefsally accepted in Germany as right. Germans do not know how free peoples regard the sanc- tity of contract, not only for busi- ness purposes but for political pur- poses, to say nothing of honorable ol>ligation. "Nothing could be franks than the original explanation which the German Chancellor gave of the breaking of the treaties concerning the neutrality of Belgium ; but his frankness is evidence that he did not understand in the least the freeman's idea of the sanctity of contract â€" the foundation of all pub- lic law and usage in a free coun- try. In a country despotically or auUicratically ruled there is no such condition of public opinion. "More and more, as time goes on this conflict develops into a conflict between free institutions and auto- critic institutions. Of course the position of Russia as an ally of France and England st>mewhat shrouds or complicates this fact, because the Russian people is by inheritance and in some respects by nature a people which submits to despotic government. Her excep- tional position as an ally of two free countries is due to a long nourish- ed indignation against Austria- Hungary and Germany for pre- eenting obstacles year after year and generation after generation to the gratification of Russian ambi- tion for aggrandizement in the Bal- kan countries and the Near East. That ambition and some stirrings t^oward liberty may have put Russia in its exceptional position by the side of two free countries." In Dr. Eliot's view, the real is- sue this war is to decide is the vast question between free and autocra- tic institutions in Europe, the ques- tion of more public liberty, the question of civilization developing under the forms of free govern- ment rather than under the forms of autocratic government ; and he adds, it becomes a very interesting study for all the freer peoples how German efficiency is going to turn out in competition with such effi- ciency as the freer nations develop. â-º^^â- ^^^♦^^^^♦^^^i^ Much unnecessary talk manages to escape from a tiny mouth. At least half a dozen hairdressing establishments in London employ lady barbers. Germany's exports of aniline dyes to Great Britain were formerly worth £1,800,000 a year. Non-ooimmissioned officers and men who have the Victoria Cross conferred upon them enjoy a pen- sion of £lO a year; but at the op- tion of the authorities the pension may be increased to £50 a year in cases of necessity. Some time ago the mistress of a home went into the culinary de- partment with instruction for the concoction of a new pudding. "And in order that you may know when it is done, Norah,' said the mistress, in conclusion, "just stick a knife into it. If the knife comes out clean, the pudding is ready to serve." "Yis, ma'am," re8p<Mided Norah, preparing to get on the job. "And. by the way, Norah," re- marked the mistress, suddenly pausing at the door like one sud- denly seized with an afterthought, "if the kaite does come out clean, you had better stick in all the rest of them." HOME t^mmtm^ » » % •^' Tested Recipes. Cream of Tomato Soup.â€" Put into a saucepan a pint of strained to- maitocs ; add a sliced onion, a bay leaf and a small piece of mace. Cover the saucepan, and cook for five minutes. Put into a double boiler a quart of milk. Rub to- gethertwo tablespoonfuls of but- ter and two of flour ; add to the milk, and stir until thick and smooth. Strain the tomatoes into a soup-tureen, add a salt.spoonful if bicarbonate of soda, season with salt and pepper, stir, and, while this is frothing, add hastily the thickened milk ; stir just enough to mix and serve. There is not the slightest danger of ithis curdling if you add the milk (juickly. This soup cann )t be reheated. If neces- sary to keep warm any length of time, keep the materials in seiiar- ate vessels, mixing at the last mo- ment. I'renm of Carrot Soup Grate three good-sized carrots ; cover them with a pint of water ; add A slice of onion and a bay leaf ; cover and simmer gently for thirty min- utes. Remove the onion and bay leaf, and add a quart of milk. Moisten a tablespoonful of corn- starch in a little cold milk, add it to the soup, and stir until thick ; add' a rounding teaspoonful of salt, a saltspoonful of white pepper, and just at serving time stir into the mixture two tabl»spoonful3 of but- ter. Serve this soup just as soon as it is made. Omelette Souffle Chocolate. â€" Cream two ounces of castor sugar with three yolks of eggs, add one tablespoonful of finely grated cho- colate and a few drops of essence of vanilla, then add lastly the whites of five eggs beaten very stiff. Turn into a souffle pan coated with clari- fied butter, hake in a moderately hot oven, dish up, and serve at once dredged with castor sugar. This will take from ten td twelve minutes to bake. Filiiiplni Banana Omelet. â€" Add half a gill of cream to eight eggs. Season with half a teaspoonful of salt and two saltspoonfuls of white pepper. Beat with a fork for two minutes. Fry two peeled and sliced bananas in melted butter for five minutes. Toss the pan frequently wliile the bananas are frying: then turn the eggs into the pan. Beat them for two minutes and then let them rest half a minute. Let the omelet stand for a moment and then turn out on to a hot dish and serve. This omelet may he used aa an en- tree at lundheon. Ilot Scotch Rolls.â€" Boil and mash fine one large, mealy pota- to. Scald one pint oi flour with hoiling water ; add one teaspoonful aalt, one heaping tablespoonful of sugar, the white of one egg, and half a conxpressed yeast cake dis- solved in warm water. Set ito rise and when very light add sufficient flour to knead it thoroughly. Do not knead too stiff. It can he thor- oughly kneaded without sticking to the hands and yet not he too stiff An hour before bed time work in two ounces of butter or lard. Roll it up in woollen cloths and let rise umtil morning. Then make out in rolJs, if possible, an hour before you commence breakfast. Let get very light and then bake ten or fif- teen minutes. Cream of Celery Soup. â€" Wash three or four roots of e-elery. A better way, however, is to save the green |>ortiona of celery tot soup, leaving the white inside part for eating raw. Chop the celery fine, using the better part of the green leaves. You should have one quart by measure. Cover his with one quart of water, and simmer gently for twenty minutes. Press through a colander. Put a quart of milk in a double boiler. Rub together two tablespoonfuls of hutter and two of flour; add, and stir until smooth and thidk. Add a rounding tea spoonful of salt, a saltspoonful of white pepper; add the celery mix- ture. Strain the whole through a fine sieve, and serve at once. Dandelion Spring Salad. â€" Crisp three cups of dandelion leaves and cut into shreds with a sharp knife. Quarter four sweet oranges and cut into small pieces. Rub the sal- ad ibowl with a cut clove of garlic, put in a level teaspoonful of salt and half a teaspoon of pepper, a leek cut into bits and a tablespoon of wine vinegar. Now add drop by drop two tablespoonfuls of olive oil, stirring all the time, then a hard- boiled egg out into rings, and last- ly the dandelion and oranges. Toss all lightly with a silver fork and serve at once. Dandelion Potato Salad. â€" Wash young dandelion leaves in several waters, cut fine and add to potato salad made with potato, bacon cut fine, Fresh dressing and salt and pepper. ChilYon Salad.â€" Heart of a white cabbage, cut into slivers as thin as paper, the length of a match; red- skinned radishes cut in the same way, with the red skin left for the artistic effect, and tiny pieces of the hearts of celery. Mix and let stand for an hour or two before serving in a French dressi'ig of olive oil, vinegar, pepper and salt. Drain this off before serving. Place in a large white cabbage which has been scooped or hollowed out, the crisp outer leaves turned down to form the effect of a rose. Pour over the mixture a rich mayonnaise dressing. OILLETTS LYC EATS DtRT I'setuI Hints. All suet puddings require long cooking to render them digestible. The following are a few simpb S^GlLLEircOMPANYLlMg •^Zli TORONTO ONT. M0«^ f rules in economy : Never buy a cheap material when you can get a better product. Pay cash ; credit is costly. Buy non-perishable food products in quantitieis. Watch the household closely and eliminate all waste. A very good way to disp )3' ot slices of toast and scraps of bread is to brown all in the oven, then roll and sift, then when you bake cookies or sand tarts three to four cups of crumbs are used in place of part of the flour called for in the recipe. If spinach can he washed in many waters immediately upon being brought in from garden or market, and then placed upon a cloth laid on the ice. the result will be sur- prising. ♦ Protection Against Clothes Moths. The various substances used to keep away moths, sucih as tobacco, camphor, naphthalene cones or balls, tarred paper and cedar chips have no effect if the moth eggs are already present in the clothes, and entomology specialisits therefore re- commend, before tihey are laid away for the summer, a thorough beating, shaking and brushing of all articles likely to attract naoths. The brushing of garments is es- pecially important in order to re- move eggs which may have esca^ped notice. It the article* are quite free from eggs wihen laid away, the odor from the various repellents or from cedar chests and wardrobes will serve to keep the moths away. The odor, however, lessens with age, so that the protection it af- fords is greatly decrea.sed after a few years. For this reason when furs and other valuable garments are wrapped in tarred jjaper the containers should be renewed every year or two. In general, moths are likely to affect only articles which are put away and left undisturbed for some little time. Apartments and clo- sets that are frequently aired and swept are not apt to be seriously affected. In fact, airing and sun- light are probably the best, as well aa the oldest, remedies. When circumstances demand that the articles be put away, however, s convenient and effective device is to place them in large pasteboard boxes, such as tailors use, and gum a strip of wrapping paper around the edge so as to seal up the box completely and leave no cracks. If the garments have been thoroughly cleaned before being placed in these boxes no additional protection is necessary and there is none of the objectionable odor which is characteristic of so many moth repellents. For valuable articles the safesit plan is to place them in cold stor- age. Recent experiments have shown that the larvae of the clothes moth will resist for a long time low temi>eratures if these are uniform, but that the alternation of low and high temperatures quickly results in death. Canoes, Skiffs, Motor Boats THE PETERBOROUGH LINE. It any canoe can give you satisfaction, It Is a "PETER^ROUGH." Always and ever the acme ot service, model, strength and fin- ish. Over titty styles and sizes. Write for catalogue. Tlie latest canoe Is the Peterborough canvas covered. Ask for Illustrated folder. Skiffs for the popular Outboard Motors. Power Launches, all slises and pow- ers. Get folders telling all about these. THE PETERBOROUQH CftHOE COmPJlNy, LIMITEP, PETERBOROUGH, ONT. "Overatorn" V Bottom tecs: Motor fioat ^yJsJ Freight Prepaid to any Railway Station in Ontario. Leingfth 15 Ft., Beam 3 Ft. 8 In., Depth 1 Ft. 6 In. ANY MOTOB FM8. 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