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CANADA IS BUILDING A GIANT FENCE BE- TWEEN ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA Ror seven years a hard piece of back-lot fencing has been going on in the Canadian Northwest, and the end of It la atiU several years oft. Just suoh a piece of work was never under- taken before by any fence builders, kind of country and method of opera- tion considered, and when it is fully completed a record will have been es- tablished. It is a fence line â€" partly visible, like any good farm fence, and partly Invisible, like the equator â€" between the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, and its purpose is simply to mark o5 where each of these pro- vinces begins and ends. To do that, fcowever. involves an altogether unique and exceptional layout, for the 800 .miles or tnor» of interprovlncial boun- dary runs over mountains and into long .stretches of bush country and . through deep wilderness woods, where any kind of a liae is hard running. • But the three governments. Dominion and two provincial, said to do it. and !t is being done. Purposes of Administration. The neighbor provinces have never known precisely where the dividing line between them is or ought to be. As by law provided, the boundary fol- lov?s the Rocky Mountains and the 120th meridian, which is a quite suf- ficient definition for school maps and guide books, but not for purposes of administration. An official interpre- tation 1)1" the boundary terms in 1913 made the watershed line of the moun- tains from south to north the real di- vision, and in order to ascertain the location of such a line a full and thorough survey of the interprovlncial bolder w:i? undertaken iu that same >'ear. Where ruunins water along the mountain ridges divided, flowing on .one side toward the Pacific Ocean and , on the other side toward the Arctic or the Ciult of Mexico, was thus to l)t' tlia imaginary fence line through the hill louutry. and an actual line was to be â- marked where po^.iible, is in the wooded belts. These were the orders given ihe fence makers, the carrying out of whicli is proving to be a ta.sk if such unusual kind aid proportions The reason for it all is that iacveas- «J!»s; settlement ami development in ^arts of the border country make it necossary to know which province has •â-  administration rights at any particular point. Confui^ion has at times arisen â-  iiver mining claim.': and farming lands, which could not be accurately located. all e.xisting maps showing errors of sometimes two or three miles on one ^ide or the other. To avoid further dary which are many and long, the finding of the watershed and the erec- tion of monuments are almost dwarf- ed in point of physical effort by the ' work of cutting lines through the woods to connect up the monuments. These lines are cut so a»- to give a clear opening to the sky of sLx feet, which means a width of about four- teen feet on the ground, half on either side of the border. In many places there are miles upon miles of such forest vistas, for the cutting of which the survey party must always include experienced axenien. Beyond the passes the â- ^ .itershed line along the main ridge is delineated photo-topographically. Vantage points are selected at the summits of the peaks or at other heights where com- manding views may be had and to these high places camera and transit theodolite are carried, the climbing not infrequently Involving some hard adventuring. The purpose is both to establish boundary monuments across the heights and to make ropographi- cal surveys extending a few miles on each side of the bou.idary. Precision in this work is secured by a process of triangulation, which explains why a transit outfit is taken even on the hardest climbs. Mountain top monuments are rock cairns built up for identification pur- poses at the points selected for the survey. There is alway.s abundant material for cairn building, and monu- menting of this kind is done more quickly than that below But the main feature- of the worlc on the sum- mits is tlio photographing of a series of views in directions to either side established by the use of the transit. When these photographs in due course are developed and printed they give the contours of the who'.e surrounding area aud from them are prepared con- tour maps that will form part of the permanent boundary records. Settled For Ail Time. There will thus be a means of as- certaining at any future time the ex- act Iccation of the interprovlncial boundary. Th(> maps, compiled from the survey data and printed at Ottawa for just such use, will show the na- tural watershed line alcn.? the moun- tain range, as photo-toiiographically defined, and in the passes a series of straight lines only approximately fol- lowing the v»atershed., but clearly and definitely niarkc 1 out For the hill- top border line, that is to say. one will have to consult the map. which is drawn with due cfg vrd to the scale of previous township surveys, and for that on the lower levels there are Weekly Market Report tins, 2&c; buckwheat, 60-ra,. tins, 18 to 20c; comb, 16-OE., $«.00 to $6.50 doz.; 10-oz., $4.25 to $4.50 doz. Maple piiodttcts â€" Syrup, per imper- ial gal., $4.26: per 5 imperial ^Is., $4.00; sugar, lb., 29 to 30c. Bretdstuffs. Toronto, Feb. W. â€" Manitoba wheat â€"No. 1 Northern, 2.80; N'o. 2 North- em, $2.77; No. :i Northern, $2.73, in store Fort Williiam. Manitoba oatsâ€" No. 2 C.W., 92^c; No. 3 C.W., 90»ic; extra So. 1 feed, „ . . -.. . . 90«4c: No. 1 feed, 87>4c; N'o. 2 feed. Provisionsâ€" W holesale. 85 l-3c. in store Fort William. Smoked meats â€" Hams, medium, 34 Manitoba barley â€" No. 3 C.W., to 36c; do., heavy, 2S to 30c; cooked, $1.70%; No. 4 r.W., $1.40'.t)C. in store -17 to SOc; rolls. 30 to 31c; breakfaat Fort William. bacon, 40 to 44c; backs, plain, 49 to American comâ€" No. 3 yellow, $1.91; 51c; boneless. 53 to 55c. No. 4 yellow, $1.88, track Toronto; Cured meatsâ€" Long dear bacon, 31 prompt shipment. to 32c; clear bellLes, 30 to 31c. Ontario oatsâ€" No. 3 white. 98c to Lard â€" Pure, tierces. 31 to 31%c; $1.00, according to freights outside, tubs. 31H to 32c; pails, 31 »i to 32'4c: Ontario wheatâ€" No. 1 Winter, per prints, 32 to 32 4c. Compound car lot, $2.00 to $2.01; No. 2 do.. $1.97 tierces. 28'i to 29c; tubs, 29 to 294c; to $2.03; No. 3 do. $1.93 to $1.94, pails. 29>4 to •>»\c; prints, ait'j to f.o.b. shipping points, according to 31c. freights. [ Ontario wheat â€" No. 1 Spring. $2.02/ Montreal Markets. to $2.03; No. 2 Spring, $l.a8 to $2.03; â-  Montreal, Feb. 10.â€" Flour- Mani- No. 3 Spring, $1.95 to $2.01, f.o.b. toba, new standard grade, $lo.2o to NIAGARA DECKED. IN WINTER The exceptionally cold weather this wiiuer around Niagara Falls a fairyland of crystal. This clad in oilskins at the foot of the inc line railway where everyihng i.5 i >aied â- ^.ith ice. GARB has made the scenery view shows two tourists on the American side. SIR JAMES GRANT CALLED BY DEATH WAR MEMORIAL FOR CANADLA.NS $i shipping points according to freights Peasâ€" No. 2. $3.00. Barley â€" Malting, $1.80 to $1.82. according to freigiits outside. Buckwheatâ€" $1 . 45 to $1.48. I cording to freights outside. , Ryeâ€" No. 3. $1.77 to $1.80, i cording to freights outside. i Manitoba flourâ€" GovenimAni stan- dard, $13.25. Toronto. Ontario flour â€" Government stan- dard. 510.80 to $11.00. Montreal: , $11.00 in Toronto, in jute :)ags. Prompt shipment . [ MilLfeed â€" Car lots â€" Delivere»i J Montreal freight, bags included â€" 'Bran, per ton. S-4o: shorts, per ton, I $52; good feed flour. S3 60 to $3.75. ! Hayâ€" No. 1. per ton, $27 to $28; mixed, per ton, $25. track. Toronto. Straw â€" Car lots, per ton, SI'? to track. Toronto. Last Survivoi- of First Parlia- ment of Canada. A despatch from Otiawa says: â€" Sir James Grant, the ?ole survivor of the first Pa. -lie. men t of Canada, liieil on Friday af "40 o'doi-k in S;. l.ukes Hospital. Sir James fell outside the Russell House and broke h.is hip on the 20th cf last month, and since that time has heeu ccnlinert in St. Luke's Hospital. He had been rapidly Xmivg strength Jurin? the last week. Sir James .Viexauder Oraiil v.as hern i:! Invenie'-.^shire. Scotland, on Augu-jt 11. is:;i, and was dsec-jnded from au able and distinstnshed ftimi- Great Museum at Ottav/a to Hold Army Trophies. A dtspatcli from Otia>va says Canada's official war memorial will ; take ihe form of « museum, which pre- ; sumably will be trected in Ottawa. ' in which wii! be housed the war tror- ; hie.; belougiu? to the Canadian Forces. .\t a meeting held here a re- sciutioti was adopted unanimously that there be built for this purpose "a , monnnipuial museum containing such other elements as may be ner.essury to sivi' full expression to national feeling" jmA a? an •cxpri^r.sion of the sacrifice cf thi> dead and the greatness Country Produce â€" Wholesale. Butterâ€" Dairy, tubs ar.J rolls. 43 tu 44<;; prints, 48 to 50e. Creamery, fresh made soiids. 60 to 61c; prints, 02 to liSc. Eggs â€" Held. 54 to .55o; new Ia.'.d. 72 to 7-'k. poultry â€" Soring chickens, roosters, 25c; fowl. 25 to 28 to 30c; ducklings. 32 to •J, 15 to 50c; siVJabs. do?... ly. His grandfathe:- was James Grant.* of onr nat'rnal effort troiiblo on this score the entire Ijoun- darj line, even across the mountains, I half-mile munuments and skyline cut- Is now being deiermiued. There is to i ti"Ss throu.gh the- woods that anyone be no more iiucertaiaty about these j '"''>â-  ^^s- neighbors' lots. | Though the work of border fence The work began in the summer of i making is hard and the country some- 1913. a general plan of operations and | times desperately rough, surprisingly Kii oqual division of costs haying been | Accurate results have been obtained agreed upon by the three govern- ' by the Boundary Commission. Com- ments. Boundary commissioners were i plete field notes are taken at every advocate at Corrfmiuiy. amor.g whose literary prcductions wf>re essays on the Origin of Society av.d Thctight on the Origin aud Descent of the Gael. Sir James' father was P.-. Jaunts Grant, who came lo i. anada from Kdin- burgh and practised for niiny year.'! in Glengarry. Sir James Grant was educated in Qii'r'eii's and Mct^ill Universities. He has practised medicine in OUawa since his graduation in 1S.">4 aud at- tended several GovernorGcncrals and distinguished visitors. He was president of I'ae Ontario Medical fouucil in 1S8S. and later pre- sident of the i:aniidiaii Medical As- sociation. l\e WL>s elected vice-presi- The architect for the lU'imorial will be chosen in a competifion open to Canadian architects and the working out cf tile project is placed in the hands of a commissioa compost.d of three delesates from eaiji of the fol- IcwiuK bodies: The Great War Veter- aas' -Vssocia'ion, The Royal Society of Canada. The Royal -Vrchitectural In- stitute cf Canada. Thr, Canadian rtoyal .\cadfci:iy. aud the Town Plan- ning Institute of Car.ada. and Chait- innn cf the Advisory .\rts i'o«n;-n. The name of the Commission will be the "Natioaal Memorial ("ommissicn." Its members ivi': -io-v,) „â- :'!' â- â€¢!' re- muneration. Dressed 32 to U.5i;; 34c; geese. 35c; turke' $4.50. Live poultry â€" Soring chickens. 20 to 25c: roosters. 20e: fowl, 25 to 32c; geese. 22 to 30c; duckli:;gs, 22c; tur- keys, 27 to -Wc. Cheese â€" .\"ew, large, 31 Vi to 32c: twins. 32 to 32V2c: triplets. 33 to S3Mic; Stilton. .'Jf to o5c; old. lar^e. 33% to 34c; do., twins. 34 to SJ'-c. Beansâ€" Canadian, hand-picked, bu- shel. :?'.._':") to $5.75; primes. S4.25 to $1.75; Japans. S5.50 to S5.75; Cali- fornia Limas. 17 H; to 184c; Madagas- car I.;:;:as, lb., 11 $13.50. RoILhI oatsâ€" Bags. 90 lbs., $5.25. Bran- $45.25. Shortsâ€" $52.25. Hay â€" No. 2, per ton, carlois, $26. i Oheestâ€" Finest Easterns. 30c to iic- 30^c. Batter â€" Choicest creamery, ! 65c 10 tio'jc; do. seconds. 55c to 60c. ac- Eggs â€" Fresh. 75c to SOc; do. selected, i (iOc to i!2c; do. No. 1 stock. 50c to 52c. Potatoes â€" Per bag, carlots. $3.50 to $4. Dressed hogs â€" .\l>attoir killed, .$25 to $26. Lard â€" Pure, wood pails, •20 lbs., net. 29c to 304c. Live Stock Markets. Toronto. Feb. 10. â€" Choice heavy- steers. $13.75 to $14.75; good heavy steers. :$12.50 to $13; butchers' caule. choice, $11..'>0 to S12.25; do., good. $11 to S11.2u do., medium, $9.50_to $10; do., common, $7.25 to $7.75; bulls, choice. $10.50 to Sll: do.. medium. $9..")0 to $10; do., rough. $6.75 to -57.00; butcher cows, choice. $10.50 to Sll; do., good. $9.50 to $10; do., medium, S8 to $8.50; do., common. $7 to $7.25; stockers. $7.50 ta -$10; feeders. $10 to $11; canne-s and cut- ters. $5.25 to S6.50; milkers, good to choice, $110 to $165: do., common and medium. $65 to $75; springers. $90 to $1(;5; sheep. $6.50 to $11: lambs, per cwt.. $14 to $19; calves, good to choice. $18 to $21; hogs, fed and watered. $19.50; do., weighed off cars. $19.75; do., f.o.b.. $18.-50: do.- do.. to fanners. $18.25. Montreal. Feb. 10.â€" Butcher steers. medium. $10.75 to $11.75; common. $8 to $10.50; butcher heiifers. medium, $9.50 to $10.75; common $7.50 to S9.50: butcher c:iws. medium. $7 to $9.50; canners, $5.50; cutters. $5.75 to $6.50; butcher bulls, common. $7 to $9.50. Good veal. $17 to $19; me- dium. $15 to $17; grass. $7.50 to $8.50. Ewes. $9 to $i2; lambs, good. Japan Limas. lb.. $l»i.50: common. $15.. 50 to $16.50. Hogs, off car weights selects, $'20.50 Honev â€" K.xtracted clover. 5-lb. tins, to $21; to -iSc: 10-lb. tins. 25 to •16<:: 60-li.. $17 I'ghts. SIS.^O to '521: so^vs, GRAVE CONDITIONS IN HALF OF EUROPE ONTARIO HOUSE OPENS MARCH 9 appointed in the persons of three e.x- perienced surveyors, who undertook first to mark the border line through the passes, following apprcXimately the watershed, and then to carry it be- yond the passes, over the hills and in- to the wilds, by pboto-topographieaJ iur-veys. Concrete Monoliths. The border line in the passes :s es- labUshed by a series of straight lines which approximate the true position of the Watershed. Concrete momt- ments are built at favorable points on the watershed, uiid the lines between them are the boundary, care being taken so to place these monuments as to equalize, as nearly as possible, the area of land that the connecting lines uiay cut off. Placing monuments on a boundary liae corresponds tu setting posts for j a fence, it is considered a most im- portant part of the work and is carried out with great thoroughness under ex- traordinary difficulties. The monu- ments are concrete monoliths three feet high above tlte surface aud 3.700 pounds in weight, built solidly into the ground, not more than half a mile *part aud each visible from the next â- carest one. Brass name plates, bear- ing numbers aud letters by which the respective passes have been desig- nated, are bolted to each monument. one ou the Alberta side and one ou the British Columbia side. The boun- dai7 fence posts, thus placed and named, are there to stay Open to the Sky. lu the timbered sections of the boun- ^tage of the work aud the preliminary ! "'^"'^ '"^ Department of Surgery at the calculations aud obse. vations. when 1 1""^'"*''""^' -Medical Council in, the first attempt is made to find the i Philadelphia in 1S78. and was an j !iue. are carefully checked up in the ' houoniry member of the British Mail- j final surveys, ret urds of which are re- ! '^'^^ Association ail's the \nierican J Academy of Medicine. Fellow of the ' Geological Soc:<,"ty of the Royal Col- I Mo unties Leave on Arctic Trip. I gl3ter©<i with the tliree governments. â-  A degree of precision not attainable } in any other way is thus assured and ! Alberta and British Columbia will pre- , seutly be able to distinguish their re- ; spective properties all the way from j South to North with certainty and I dctiniteness â-  It is the stiffesi piece of fencing â-  yet undertaken iu Canada, but per- sistence and genius are seeing It through. Whpn it has been all done the survey maps will be ratified in Parliament and the boundary thus marked out will be officially adopted as the dividing line between the two provinces. lege of Pl'.ysicians and tit" Royal Co! lege of Sur^eous in Loudon and, Edit: burgh and was president or' 'he Royal j Society (.11 L'auiiila in ISfll. He Wa.< an honorary vice-president at the Inter- i "i national Medical Congres.s of the ' World held at Washington iu 1SS7. ' Hf also belonged to sevr-,-a! sucieties in ItTly In Queen's ju'oilee year he was awarded the K.C.M.G., the lirsi faua- dian physician lo get that honor. Near Nine Million British Director of Relief Tells \ Fifteenth Legislature Promises of Desperate Needs. to be a Notable One. .â- \ despatch I'rom London says: â€" a despatch fro:n Toronto says: â€" h\ his report to the British Crt)vern- Tuesday. March 9, has been defmitely ment warning that conditions over decided upon by the Ontario Govern- half of Europe are so tragic as to nient as the date for the opening at threaten conseciuences equal in grav-.the Legislature, according to an an- ity to the war itself, luiless Imme- 1 nouncement by Prem'ier E. C. Drury. d.;ately relieved, Sir William Coode. ! Between now and that date the one British Director of Relief, thus estim-j big task at the Parliament Buildings ates some of the principal necessities, -will be to get the machinery oiled for relief in 19'20; .A.rmenia. 6.000, and everything in readiness for what tons of flour a month; Georgia and wiP. be the first sessiion of the fif- .^zerbudjan. 15.000 tons of flour; j teenth Legislature, and which prom- Poland, 500,000 tons of cereals;- ises to be a notable one. Czecho-Slovakia. 350,000 tons of cer-j Tliat there is much to be done be^ I eals and 400,000 tons of potatoes; fore the second Tuesday in March isi ! -Austria. ()32.000 tons of foodstuffs, agreed on all sides. The Govertt- j f or the year ending September. 1920. nien: intends concentrating at thi«, 'coal. 8.700.000 tons and 950.000 tons it.«i firsl session, on improving legia- of raw material. Besides Hungary iaticn dealing with education, good needs ;^S0.00O tons of wheat and rye.' roads, reforestation and fire protec- . , 1.433.01)0 tons of barley, maize and i tion. While the good i-oads policyi reople in Canada oats. .^3.000 tons of meat, and 63.000 ; has 'oeen elucidated in considerablft .\ dt.^uich iro:u Dawson Ciiy. Yu- kon, .says: -Seven men with five dog j teams, comprising the Canadian Ro.val I Mounted Police expedition into tht- ; Arctic wilderness, left Twel\* Mile. 1 the last po.st having telephone com- munication with Ibis city, on its hun- j dred-mile journey to Fort .MacPherson. Rampart House and the .\n!tic whal- i ins stations also wiH be visited. The i party is due back in this city in .March. -*- .\ despau Giving the Totals For War Honors ! ^iJ^f^-! Bernstorff 's Name on List i Of German War Criminals ] i as fou! .Embassador I 110111 Berlin sa.\.< ()i!e surprised men in Berlin von Bernstorff. former to the United State.'?. .V despatih from Oilawa says:--^ Canada's population is estimated by the I'ers'.is Branch of tlie Trade an(L Commerce Department at 8.835.102.! The Cersjs Branch has based its' estimate for the year 1919 on the known increases in population as' shown by the census of 1901 and I 1911. Such calculations have in the tons cf sugar. During his active career as a pro- fessional pianist. Paderewski. the present Premier of Poland, could play 1i-oni memory siiions. -00 â- onipo- A despatch from London says:â€" ' ^.|jc. u i, said Is desired bv the \llie«i ! P^**^ pn-.\-ed to be .ipproxininteiy cor- War honors published this vreek. Can-, i^r liis alleged comiectlon with Bolo i '•'^'t- adian names of whn-h have already; pag,,3 -fue Count, despite his sur- j ^* been cabled, constitute the final pi-\^g declared ihal he w;is not afraid ' Some plants do not do well in glaz-^ awards in respect of tbvatres of war, („ fjj,,p [^la!, He added that he was *"^ china pots. These pots are not' where hostilities ceased at the sign- pg^jy ,y ^^ :,â-  wanted, and that he PO''"-'"* -'"d. although ihcy have a{ ing of the armi.-Jtice. The honorslmjg^t pven put the .\llJes in a quaud- ' *^*'*'""-'^'' '^°'® '" ^''^ bottom, the soill awarded were as follows: L,ry if they attempted to prosecute I <^°*^ ""^* '^^'i' °'-^'^ iiuicklj^. and sorae^ â- Victoria Cross, 578; CJi.G., 2,lS6;li,j{n i plants will not stand soil that is con-l D.S.O.. 8,970. and M.C.. 9?,018. i ' ,j, j stantly wet. Usually^ shifting these] The total number of officers and 'subjects to tiie ordinary porous day, men serving was approximately six' -'^ ''^^" "^'â- '^'s ''" l^-* religion whetiip^jj; jjsp^i \,y florists, and keeping million, and the total honors were' h« ""^^"t*''*^ "^*> f"*^'^ * -^^^^ '" '''"'"'^ them somewhat warmer for a short BOYS^ TMISVWHOiftPUL UQUIO PISTOL GIVEN 254,158. I from a bucket. time, will revive and save them. l.nok.i like rt real a>r.j- niattc. Great fun: 'I'hle daiidv. repeutiiiK. Hguid pislul abMohr.tflv rsas !>.•. selling only iS.OO worth ••'!' ou: Hiiar fast- eners. Everv wv.;miM bu.\ 8 ilieiii Tou'l! sell thftji la Jlj time. Jii«t 8»nd ua & postal and we'll sei:J voa the goiids. Sell thfin reiuvn ii» U-.e niODev .I'Hi '.he p>U'l > \ ovir?. Write NO'^V' axMo SAXiSS ASS'v. w. x.. T. O. BOX IMS X., TOXOITTO detail, propoeeit changes in the edu-i cation and reforestation and fire pro- tection laws have not been outlined' except m a general way. and the bills: will ha\c to be drafted by the Govem-i inent and its legal advis«rs. rhen. too. the Government will huvtt to prepare the way for bringing in: legislation to carry out certaini changes in the Civil Service adminis-. tratioi'., that, have htmn foreshadowed! in addresses v.iiiich the Ministers hav«i made in -reeenc weeks. A pension biMi to enable many long->serrice employ-< eec to i-etii-e is receiving the consider^ atioii o^f the Crowmment. and â- wiiil likely be introduce*!. The estimate* will aiso have to be gone over *• "The Ufe of a husbandman of aU others, is the most delectable, ana !uks ever been the most favorite oceoJ pation of my life."- -George Waabj ington. i i i I I ARINGING UP FATHER THe DOCTOR SENT THIS B/^SKCT OF FRUIT TO YOy- H? 5AI0 IT3 <00D P3CY0U-MY-THIS APPLfflC >t)U ARELOOKiMCi BETTER. FRUIT I 3ENTYCX.I IS DOiNQ AWORLD OF- (;o©D- •THAT YOU â-  I >Jl| g " W>>'-l