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THE FLESHERTON ADVANCE. The Quiet Observer Hon. Arthur Meighen. I General Dyer of Amritsar. As the first Ontario man to attain the premiership of Canada, Hon. Ar- thur Meighen will have the sympathy of his provincial compatriots. He is, however, characteristically a westerner, cool, able, prepared, aggressive in at- tack when pressed, but lilte all men of true courage, not looking for trou- ble. He is shrawd and far-seeing and as a debater is not surpassed. His powers as a speaker are of the legal order, and he is logical and analytical. Thoughtful, concentrated, and ab- sorbed in affairs, he is perhaps less of a "mixer" than those who have has on t'leir minds, but his methods suc- ceed, and he is never found wanting. His selection as premier has been re- ceived by the press of both parties with favor. liiberals recognize him as an honorable opponent, but they are quite clear that he is a Conservative, and as such, that his premiership nieans the end of coalitiou and the re- turn to party government. The Con- servative press sees nothing to regret about this, and is glad to have a def- inite decision arrived at. It is the custom to speak of Mr. Meighen as .1 young man. He is 44 and to the man of 24 that age may seem patriarch- al. But the fact is that a healthy man of 44 has a quarter of a century's work in him, and if the new premier is to be regarded as a dominating in- fluence for 25 years to come in the his- tory of Canada his personality, his tal- ents and attainments must be a matter of interest to his fellow citizens. It is worth noting that the leader of the Opposition, Hon. W. L. M. King, is also an Ontario man, and not two years older than Mr. Meighen. It will be a study to follow the careers of these two men. HighiCost of City Life. The United States is becoming a land of big cities. The new census shows sixteen of over 400,000, and twelve of over 500,000. These are: -N'ew York, 5,621,151; Chicago, 2,701,- 212; Philadelphia, 1,823,158; Detroit, which jumps from ninth place, 993,730; Cleveland, 796,836; St. Louis, 773,000; Boston, 747,923; Baltimore, 733,826; Pittsburgh, 588,193; Los Angeles, 575,- 480; San Francisco, 508,410; Buffalo, 505,875. Montreal and Toronto will rjnk in this list after the next census and will probably displace San Fran- cisco and Buffalo in the first dozen. The growth of city population becomes a very serious problem in the national life, however. At one time about two- thirds of the people fed the other third. Now one-third of the people is expected to feed the other two-thirds. So won- der at the high cost of living. It is the high cost of city residence that has to be considered. Jones' Shipping Act. It has always been a sore point with the United States that her merchant marine has been unable to compete, or perhaps one should say dominate, in the world's shipping. Again and again efforts have been made to place United States bottoms on a more favorable basis than those of other nations. The t'car of retaliation, either threatened or about to be resorted to, has deterred such efforts in the past. Germany was able to build up a finer merchant ma- rine than the United States under the same conditions, and it has never been shown that Britain has in any way handicapped her United States rivals in this respect. Her ports and coal depots are open everywhere to the ship- ping of the United States as to her owu. America could engage in British coastwise shipping had she a mind to it. Congress has at last passed a law which not only infringes the principle of equal treatment but actually vio- lates twenty-four commercial treaties entered into with other nations. One of the things asked for is that Amer- ican mail shall be carried in American ships. It is said that of $3,000,000 paid for carrying mail every year, all but $500,000 is paid to foreign vessels, chiefly English. But if all mail is to go in United States vessels, then the "yercantile world will suffer by the de- lay, for the esseBtials of a mail service is speed. The real reason for the fail- ure in growth of American shipping is that the United States people are not sea-going folk, and that the cost of their shipping is greatly higher than that of British, French, German, Dutch, Scandanavian or Japanese shipping. Until Uncle Sam can reduce his freight rates on a basis of lower costs he cannot compete with the mari- time nations who now hold the world's sea traffic. Brigadier General Dyer, who turned I'.is rillcs on a crowd of unarmed Hin- dus at Amritsar, killing 500, wounding 1,500, and leaving them unattended, where they lay, appealed from the de- cision of the commander-in-chief in India removing him from command, and the Army Council has given its c.ocision confirming his loss of rank and his reduction to half-pay. This is the very least the Army Council could do, and in view of the enormity of the tragedy the punishment is light. General Dyer's contention was that his action was necessary in order to main- tain the authority of the government and that "he would have looked like a fool" had he not fired. It would have been better to look like a fool than feel like a murderer. A Cabinet minister observed that he could not be acquitted on an error of judgment. It should be quite clear that if it is neces- sary to shoot down and slaughter un- armed, unresisting and admittedly peaceful crowds, it would be wiser to abandon government altogether. It will take a long time to wipe out the nii'niory of the Amritsar massacre m India. Trade With Russia. Soviet Russia and Bolshevist Hiissia are the problem of Europe. It is not clear that the Soviets or councils are all clear bolshevist, nor is it clear that all bolshevists admire the typical bol- shevist. The more I see of men, said a cynic, the more I like dogs. So the Kussian sovietist might observe, "the riore I see of Bolshevists, the more I like tsars." Even Emma Goldman, the New Vork anarchist, who was un- derstood to have a stomach equal to any political mess, has revolted against Leninism and yearns for the liberties of New York once more. Truth to till, these iluropean agitators do not know when they are well off. Ob- sessed with hostility for tyrannical government in Europe they are unable to understood free government in Eng- land or America and they keep on agi- tating against a name instead of try- ing to understand an idea. Emma Goldman has the idea by this time. Mrs. Philip Snowden, a British fire- brand, refusing to believe the news- paper reports of Bolshevism, went to Russia to see for herself. She returns convinced that not half had been told. But the story brought back by the Anglo-Saxon Sheba of the Muscovite Solomon is of an entirely different na- ture to that taken to Ethiopia in days ot old. Meantime commerce must have its way and the United States has re- moved restrictions on trade except in regard to war materials. The negotia- tions carried on by Gregory Krassiu with the Prime Minister of Britain are likely to be followed by trade ac- tivity. None of the established gov- ernments, however, is willing to rec- ognize the Lenin rule, and careful ob- servers believe that the Lenin admiu- ibtration is growing weaker. of way over everything else. It la a niatter of precedence. First come the footmen; then the hersemen have pre- cedence, for that was the next means of locomotion after walking. Then come tho carriage or vehicle of what- e\ er character. Next comes, not tho motor-car, but tho bicycle. This is in the order of their adoption for practi- cal purposes. Probably me steam trac- tor has the next right of way, aud finally and last of all, comes the motor car. It is natural, perhaps, when a iiiau ijays as nuich for a car as he lias for his house that he should think everything else should get out of his way. The law is of a different view. .V Toronto coroner emphaeized the point at a recent inquest over a little boy who was killed, when the low sjjeed of tho car was advanced as a plea in mitigation. "It doesn't mat- tpr about speed when people are in the way who might be killed. There is no right of way in the presence of dan- ger. No matter how certain a motor- ist is that he has the right of way, a pedestrian must always have the pref- erence, and need not go at more than average speed to get out of danger." Farm Outlook. A recent return of the Ontario de- partment of Agriculture is very cheer- iul about the forage crops. Clover was showing a better yield than had been anticipated, but nothing much has been expected. tSweet clover has been good -Tud alfalfa a full showing, and the second growth everywhere is excellent. Wheat is in good shape, and corn, ex cept where aU'ected by pests, is in sat- isfactory condition. Kecent rains have put the root crops in good shape, but the difficulty with roots, especially mangels, is the lack of labor, iloots need hoeing and do not thrive witlioiit attention. The closing of the schools releases some labor, but the great need of the rural districts is settled anil residential labor. It is not anticipated that any improvement in this respect will be possible until the Hydro Ra- dials are constructed. An interesting side-line is bee culture, and for those v.-hose colonies survived the winter the profit is good. But there is great weakness in the colonies and it is diffi- cult to get bees from the south. The honey pasture is plentiftil for those who can use it. Anarchism in Ireland. Ireland continues in a state of tur- bulent upheaval brought about by the unruly ignorance of a possible five per cent, of the people led on by American agitators, and the cowed submission of the terrified people. Sir Edward Car- son has now recognized that the same emissaries who came from New York to Ireland last year not only had an Irish office in New York, but in other parts of the city had Indian and Egyp- tian offices. Perhaps the British gov- ernment will listen to Sir Edward Carson, but it should have been well known to them that German, Ameri- can, Russian and other international intriguers have been conspiring since tho war measures were relaxed to over- throw British rule in Ireland as a be- ginning in the overthrow of the British Empire itself. If the facts were openly and plainly discussed instead of hush- ing them up under the present policy of silence by which it is hoped to al- Uy religious bigotry and political ani- mosity, it would be found that neither religion nor politics had any real influ- ence in the Irish situation and that the whole conspiracy represents the worst elements in international anar- chy. Using Old Loconnotives. An ingenious use for old railway locomotives has been found by mount- ing a tender over the running gear and by turning steam from the engine bo'iler into it, using it as an auxiliary tractor. The boiler is found to bo capable of generating sufficient steam for both sets of cylinders. The haul- ing capacity of an engine haa been found to be greatly increased by this means and the effect on heavy grades is markedly advantageous. As a meth- od of using locomotives whose boilers are worn out, the plan is also of eco- nomical service. In view of the com- petition of electric power it is impor- tant to use every means possible to get tho most out of the fuel value of coal and to increase the carrying power as well as the life of the locomotive and no better suggestion has been brought forward in recent years. The idea, though, is not new, having been intro- duced more than fifty years ago in tlngland. The whole subject of trac- tion is under review in connection with the progress in electric locomotion and ihe development of water power. The use of coal for steam generation is a most wasteful process, only five per cent, of the energy in tho coal being utilized. Protests in Palestine. All is not peace in Palestine. It was thought by some that if the Jews could be restored to the Holy Land that the nnllenium would shortly arrive. It ap- pears, however, that Palestine is as full of the Hevites and the Jebusites, the Amalekites and the Midianites as ever it was in the form of Christians and Islamites, who protest that they have prior rights in the country and that the Jews have "no status in the country. The Arabic press is loud in opposition to Zionism and this is not at all as might be e-xpected on relig- ious grounds, but on economic and na- tional matters. The Arab, Christian and Mohammedan people of Palestine consider themselves Syrians and re- gard Palestine as "Southern Syria." The opposition to Zionism and what they call the "Zionist peril" has uni- ted the Christian and Mohammedan people to an undreamed of extent, and thgy are not going to give way to the new arrangement without strong pro- test. More particularly are they con- cerned that the sacred places of Pales- tine should remain under their pro- tection and in their possession. An Arab national paper published at Da- mascus refers to "the sepulchre of .lesus Christ shedding its light" at Jerusalem and states the fact, which should be better known, that "among the Arabs Jesus Christ, the Sob of Mary, holds the same place as Mo- I ammed." Group Government. I Objections to group government are j legitimate enough under the present I electoral methods, where the groups do not and in fact cannot represent a ma- jority of the voters. Where three <rr four candidates are running in a con- stituency under the present system, a minority, and sometimes a very de- cided minority, of votes elects tho winning candidate. When a group of members is elected to a parliament or legislature under such a system, they represent as a whole a minority of the X^eoplc, and do not in any wholesome sense represent the real views of the majority of the people. It is to such groups that objection may legitimately be taken, and it is in such forms of I jiroup government that it has been I found that corrupt influences and un- desirable deals come into play. The only remedy for this state of affairs is proportional representation oy which, while groups of members may he returned, these groups never repre- sent a minority, but always a ma- jority quota of the people. Moreover, this method of election secures the election of the ablest and strongest and most respected men in every com- r: unity, with the result that any com- bination of such men in the groups that may exist after such an election would be of an entirely different char- acter and on a different basis from that which occurs under the present minority selection method. In Canada, aud particularly in Ontario, me adop- tion of proportional representation, which has been so satisfactory in Manitoba, where it has had its initial tiial, would be of the greatest advan- tage to the country in securing the re- tura of tho most representative men. The genius of the country politically certainly runs on party lines, but tli» present electoral system leaves no free play for irregular, dissentient opininii in the country, the entire suppression of which under the party system, even to the suppression of the regular op- position altogether, is not a healthy condition. Proportional representation secures party government at its best and when the growth of heterodox po- litical views warrants, gives them fair share in tho deliberations of the legis- latures and parliaments. Tips For Motorists. Nothing is more frequently forgotten by the city motorists than the law and the fact that pedestrians have the right CANNING FRUITS WITHOUT SUGAR Much of the Smallj^Fruit Crop May Be Conserved By This Method. Dickens' Blind Side. In connection with the fiftieth an- niversary of the death of Charles Divk- ens on June 9, tho London Bookmiin has an article on ' ' The Blind Side of Dickens," in which his keen eye fer human detail is contrasted with his in- difference to historical or topographical values. In "A Talje of Two Cities", none of the great historical figures of the French Eevolution are so much as alluded to, and Scott's "'Fortunes of Nigel" furnishes a far more vivid pic- ture of London in Stuart times than ''Barnaby Budge" of London in the eighteenth' century. The London of which ho wrote was always the Lom^on of his youth, and ho only introduces railways into two of his novels, "Dom- by and Son" and "Edwin Droo<l. ' " He lived in the land of romance, which is the land of youth and imag- ination. He did not care for tlie re- alism of contemporary photography. In all this he follows the greatest lit- erature which is always concerned not so much with places and events as â- with tho people who have to do with them. How very little historical color or topographical detail, for instance, one gets in the Bible. Moreover, Dickens ' imagination was dramatic, not to say stagey. It is in dialogue and action, not in scenery, that he is strongest. And all this contributes to bis hold on his readers who, for tho most part, want to know what people say and do and not when and where thev lived. Duo to the scarcity aud high price of sugar tho possibility of much of the crop of small fruits going to waste is greatly increased. There is a method of canning without sugar, and, to se- cure the best information availabl.? on the subject, the Commission of Con- servation invited Miss Jeanette Babb, Instructor of Household Scieuce at Macdonald College, to prepare a short paper. Miss Babb especially empha- sizes the caution that iu sugarless can- ning tho utmost care must be observed, and every rule strictly followed, other- wise loss of fruit and wasted effort may result. "Fermentation and decay are caused by the bacteria, yeasts and moulds, which are ever present iu the air, com- ing in contact with fruit. We must, therefore, destroy these forms of life present in the fruit aud in the con- tainers and prevent their further en- trance into tho containers, by sealing and sterilizing or boiling. This is what is termed canning. "There are many reasons why can- ned goods spoil. Some of these are: Because of -imperfect jars; use of old or poor rubbers; use of stale products; being too slow; rilling loo many jars at once; inaccuracy in time of boiling; failure to test jars after sterilizing, and careless storage, • • The equipment necessary for can- ning is as follows: Wash boiler, or large kettle, with an air-tight cover; fitted rack for bottom or boiler; good JHrs and covers properly sterilized; j^ood rubbers; long-handled spoou or silver knife, strainer or clean cheese- cloth for washing fruit, blanching and ei.ia-dippiug, boiling water, aud clean towels, all of which should be sterile. "To prepare the jars, test them ilrst for leakage, by filling with water, tit- ting on rubber, sealing tightly and inverting on a dry table. If no mois- ture is seen on the table the jar is safe. Sterilize the jars and covers by plac- ing on rack in boiler, cover with cold water, bring water to boiling point, and boil for fifteen minutes. Sterilize the rubbers iu a shallow dish of boiling water for five minutes. "In the cold pack method the im- portance of the two terms, blanching .and cold dipping, should be emphas- ized. Blanching is to dip in boiling water, and keep under the boiling water for from a few seconds to five minutes, according as to whether the fruit is of the soft or hard variety. Cold dipping means the immediate plunging into cold boiled water, to set the coloring nutter, to aid in keeping the fruit whole and to make it easy to handle. Preparation of Fruit. I. Select when it is at its best â€" thoroughly sound, ripe but firm and free from bruises. 1!. Grade as to size and quality for sake of uniformity. 3. Can the day it is picked, and as soon as possible after picking, espe- cially where no sugar is used. 4. Clean fruit and prepare as for table use. 5. Blanch in case of hard fruits. H. Cold dip. 7. Pack products quickly into jars, which have just been removed one at the time from the boiler, using a ster- rile knife or spoou handle for packing. 8. Pill with boiling water, insert knife to let out air and fill again to top with water running over jar. 9. Put on sterilized rubber, cover, and partially seal at once. 10. When all jars are ready, place on rack in boiler and cover with water of the same temperature as jars, keep- ing the jars separated. II. Cover boiler, bring to the boiling point and boil until the fruit is cooked. (a) Soft fruits require from 10 to 1.") minutes where sugar is used. When no sugar is used we add 15 minutes more to the required length of time with sugar. (b) Hard fruits with sugar require from 30 minutes to one hour plus twen- ty minutes without sugar. 12. Uncover boiler at end of time for steriliziug or boiling, allow steam to escape and seal jars tightly imme- diately upon removing from boiler. In- vert until cool. 13. When cool screw tight again, wash outside of jars, label and put away in a cold, dry, dark place. il[IiNEeHJlDW10K>lG.>ld.KynBuMrtM^PUww Leading Woman in the Rupert Hughes comedy, "Scratch My Back." An Indian chief who was very much in the limelight when the western coast (.f -Vinerica wiis discovered first was Chief Maquinna, of Vancouver island. He had his camp not far from Port Xootka, the place Captain Cook found- ed in the after days of the IStli cen- tury. He clashed with some of the first visitor.s, but on the wIkiIc he maintained a friendly attitude to the newcomers. Possibly it was because he saw opportunities of favorable trade that lie was for a time so coiir toous. But after a time he became a very dangerous man and later he was responsible for some appalling trage- dies. In 1802 he murdered seven Brit- ish sailors who had deserted their ship and sought refuge among his people. Then the next year the S8. • ' Boston ' ' was captured by his band because lie thought he had been insulted by the captain of the vessel. He made the capture of the ship by bringing some of the warriors aboard to dance be- fore the captain. At a signal given by the chief, the braves leaped on the unsuspecting whites and murdered all but two members of the crew. They were kept prisoners and slaves until 1805, when another ship appeared. As the chief was anxious for trade, he had a letter written by his prisoner asking for business, but unfortunate- ly for the chief, the writer told liis story of imprisonment, so when the Indian went on board the vessel he was held until he agreed to release his captives. This taught tho old chief a lesson and for the rest of his life he left the whites alone fairly well. His de- cision was hastened by the fact that in 1805 a lone white survivor of a ship that had been taken by the Indians farther north, touched off the powder magazine of the vessel and blew him- self and over 100 redskins to pieces with 9,000 pounds of powder. Whites were much more respected after such a demonstration. A BRIDE, HEE CAKE, AND ITS SU- PEESTITIONS. The custom of including the thimble, wedding ring, and other similar Mi- jects in the wedding cake is compara- tively modern. Tho ring signifies that the person who receives the pieces of cake eon- fciiining it, will be the first to \V(m1. The thimble dooms the recipient to an (lid maid 's fate, while a coin portends wealth. The button foretells bachelor- hood. Bride Cuts Cake. A bride should cut the first slice of the wedding cake as it will bring her luck. However, it is unlucky for her to bake the bridal cake. If any mis- hap befalls the cake, it portends sor row in the bride's early married life. To Seep Piece of Cake. If an unmarried woman eats a piece of the cake that the bride has left on her plate, she will be married soon. For an unmarried girl to carry a piece of wedding cake in her pocket until the honeymoon is over, means that she will marry before the dress is worn out. When there is a wedding in the fam- ily for the first time a piece of the bride's cake should be left in the house until all the daughters are mar- ried, otherwise they will remain sin- gle The History of a Name WATKIN8. Variations â€" Watson, Waters, Water- sou, Watts, Watkiusoa. Racial Origin â€" Medieval Freuch. Sourceâ€" A ChrlBtlau Name. As a family name, of course, Wat- kins is a purely British product, with a decided Anglo-Saxon influence ap- I'ureul in the ending, not only of this nunie, but of all its variations. The explanation is this. It was tak- en to England as a Christian name by the Normaus at the time of the con- quest, aud through the several cen- turies in which close communication was maintained between tho Normans ia England with Normandy it became (juite widespread. It began to develop into a family name at about what might be called the middle period of family-name formation; that is to say, at the period when the Korman popu- lation of England decided to consider itself English, aud the Anglo-Saxon tongue is modified form began to re- assert itself. The Christian name from which it developed was Walter, and the speci- fic x'crson who gave that name popu- larity on the continent just prior to the Norman invasion of England was the saintly Walter who lived in tho dukedom of Aquatanie about the year 990. The more famous Walter, famous in the historical sense, that is, Sir Walter, -Vbbot if Poutanelle in the middle of the twelfth century, prob- ably did not have so much influence on the popularity of the name in Eng- land, for by that time the ties with the continent were less strong. The name was often pronounced, and even spelled "Wattere"; and also con- tracted into ' ' Wat. ' ' The ending "kin" was tho regular diminutive of the Anglo-Saxon tongue, and the final '"s" indicates a shortening from the ending "son." DO YOUE JOB. The business world is full of young men whose worth is not appreciated. They are always talking about it. They arc so busy talking that they can hard- ly find time to do anything else. If any one is promoted over them it is because he had a "pull" with the firm; the manager is something be- tween a bat and an owl, and the board cf directors are senile old gentlemen who know nothing about anything. There are no words more necessary today than â€" ' ' Do your job. ' ' They are not musical words, nor particularly refined. They are even distressing words to a large number. Do your job. Few employers are totally devoid of common sense, and most of them know, when a thing is well done, who did it- Also they know when something is badly done. By all means be ambitious, but don 't tell everybody how valuable you are â€" prove it. Do your job. Tliere is enough health and sanity in those three words to cure all the ills ot this troubled world. GERMAN WAR LOSSES. Recent statistics published in Ger- many on that country 's war losses state that 1,350,000 men were killed. There are today 520,000 war widows, according to the statistics, 1,130,000 war orphans, and 500,000 maimed or consumptives supported mostly by charity. The only quadruped that is known that can not swim is the camel. Norway, though "dry," permits the sale of light beer and very light wines. X-rays are being used successfully to bring out erased parts of ancient palimpsest writings. To reduce fire danger -100 miles of telephone lines will be installed in Canadian timber lands. Experiments are being made in equipping lighthouses with radio to send guiding signals to ships. Before the end of tho year it is pre- dicted there will be passable north and south trunk roads extending from St. John, N.B., to Miami, Fla., and from Victoria, B.C., to San Diego, Cal. .\s a school for their instruction prior to the beginning or the 1920 road work, three hundred inspectors and other employes of tho Pennsyl- vania .State Highway Department are conducting a two weeks' conter- encc at Harrisburg. The task of scrubbing unpainted floors will be materially lightened if a few drops of oxalic acid are sprinkled upon them. What Would You Do Without Newspaper Advertisements? What if there wer*^ no advertisements in any newspaper? Lost and found articles might never be restored to their owners. Buying, selling and renting houses would be greatly delayed. Merchants would be compelled to depend almost entirely upon those wbo passed by their stores for their trade. Such a condition would set the hands of the clock of pro- gress back two hundred years. It would limit trade. It would bring delays and annoyances and make purchasing risky and expensive. This goes to show how important newpaper advertisements are in our everyday affairs. Read them fully and faithfully. It may mean many added advantages in your life and dollars in your pocketbook.