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TBI rUMHUTOV ADYAVOl. L The Quiet Observer Canada an Empire Centre Anollit-r i>romiuoiit autliurily has tjoiif ou record as rccogniitinK' tl>e pro bability that Canaila will bo the future 1 ladqu'arttrs of the British Kmpiro. Au Australian delegate 'o the Imperial rie»8 C'.infereiicf deelared "The luture niuital of the Hritish Kuipire will be ill t'aiiadn. Withiu half a century vou iiiav be directing affairs *)t the Kmpire iroiii these shores." This means, how ever a growth of public opinion and a vevelopiiunt »t' indivi.luiil <|»"'>t"* i.nioug (.iinudians that arc not at prch , lit detiiulelv kept in vi.w. When a I unadiau a grows a little bcyoud the average size at present he goes to Jung land, and most of the other Canadians are glad to see him get out. There i» l.ttle real patriotism iu cither attitude. We must cultivate bigger men, aad we n.ust make it possible as well as at- •ractive for them to stay at home. We must not resent the pieseiu e of 1 ng- iish nien who would come here and set- •Ic and enter upon the direction of af Ihirs any more than we resent the pres .nee of settlers from the I'nited States. We must in fact become less insular, :,nd our politics must be less exclusive Bud narrow. Another important con s.deration is that we nust be less anx- lous to hand over our resources to Ame rican capitalists and exploiters when we could under goveiumcntai autiior- itv and control develop these resources fo'r the bencfiit of oui nation and the welfare of our citizens. The more vi tallv the national spirit is appreciate.! -he'otrouger the will our intlucuee be- come outside our own boundaries and the more carefully shall we husband our resources for our etizens. Gossip of the^Farm Harvesting has now readied appoint where the success of the Reason s op .rations as a whole is indubitable. There have been some .Usappointmcnts especiallv in the early hay crop, but this was amply compensated for by la- ter yields. Home of the late oats But- tered, and in some districts August rains have injured grain in the faelds This perhaps was due- to the scarcity of labor as much as anything, the annual rush to the Western harvest having robbed Ontario of every spare hand Manv farmers, according to the I'roviii lial bulletin, could not have got througl with their harvesting but for the hel| of their wives and daughters. Aiiiiy worm ravages are reported from Kamb- tou A six acre Held in the Townthip cf Dawn lost half its crop from this cause. Examination of the worms hho*ed that practically eviTy specimen looked at carried from one to live iggs ot tlie parasite known as the Tachiiia rty, BO that the pest bears its own rcmc- t'y rail wheat is reported to be tUresh- inc out well. Hruce has some making »)5 lbs to the bushel. I'otatoes arc a heavy yield and arc unusually dean and wholesome looking. Karly apples have been plentiful. I'lums and peach lis are a fair crop. Ontario County shipped a car load of horses recently "langing from $100 to *-'U5 each. I'rcs- eott and Kussell reports that farmers and villagers are buying peat fuel at $4 a ton f.o.b., and that it has given satis faction. The plant at Alfred is turning out about ltX» tons of local peat a u:iy. y^Bi For Example! An excellent example of the dangers tnd difficulties of our present economic methods was given in the acute develop- .nent of the sugar situation. A mere -tatcment of the (acts ought to be suf licient to show that something is wrong. It is not necessary to apportion the Idame. No one is really to blame ii'ore than another. The system is respon i,;ble and the system is generally ac- cepted. Keinedies are not generally acceptable, and until there is a univer fal desire for a remedy little will be done to bring about a better condtioii of affairs. There is a dispute of course smong the authorities, as to whom is to be attributed the eventual congestion. Tncre is and must be some one eventual Iv found to possess the article in the game of "hunt the slipper," but all who engage in the game have had it one time or another, and it is usually the least slippy who is caught. The excuses in the sugar situation dcvel oped when Detroit started selling sugar r.t 17 cents while 2ti cents was being charged in I'anada. The IJoanl of <;om Dicrce got busy and started the tohog gan slide at a' Hoard of (Jonfereno at which the leading sugar refiners were represented, when the price of sugai was reduced to L'2 cents. As long as the competition system obtains, ami - hile it is prohtable to some to conceal the true state of the markets, or the ((overnments of the world refrain from giving full iiublicity to all the fads, I'be p<ople must be prepared to pay what is demanded of them. Takbig Labor Into Partnership Another move has been made in wlial may be described as the ilenio.ratizal Kin of big business. Standard Oil took the first step, and the arrangement by which employees of that corporation arc enabled to become part owners, while a particularly beuiticent of jdans for sick benefits, pensions, superannuation, and other devl.'cs for placing employes on somewhat of the advantageous basis of part owners has been extended to tlic lDi|Hrial Oil t'ompany of Canada. The International Harvester Company has taken up the idea and has set aside iixty roilions of stock to be divided among employees under an extra com [ensation ami stock-ownership methods which will affect the entire 40,0011 cm ployees of the Company in the United Htates and (Canada.. An amount equal to fiO per cent, of the -Company's nel profiits in excess of seven per cent, of the corporation's invested capital is thus to be divided. Those holding exc eutive positions will receive one third of the extra compensation fund, partly in (ash and partly in coDimon stock: other workers will receive two-thirds of the extra compensation fund, partly lu cash, partly in preferred stock which pays seven per cent. This really amounts to cutting a melon for the em- ployees, while the steel corporation sells its stock to its employees. Koeialitsts object to the plan as calculated to strengthen the capitalist interest, but ll'e principle of profit sharing with em ployees iu this way is generally ap- proved. the 'canon 'gainst self-slaughterf" The church evidently absolved him of any evil intent, and thus diseriiniiiate.l between the act and the intention. It may be contended from this that the church approved the intention. Self- slaughter is contrary to the law, and a luiiii may be punished for attempting it. The adoption of one means rather than another takes nothing from the j,iiilt. The simplest way to commit suicide is to stop breathing, but very Uw people have the wUl to do this, and those having the will generally know better. Thero is u'. loubtedly great .lilTerciice of opinion about the whole matter. Independence For Egypt British recognition of the priii(i|di>s (,f democracy ia fully exemplified in the concession to Kgypl of a nicatiire of independent self government. Where reasonable and civilized people are ti> be dealt with no difficulty is met in extending such measures. Where hos- tile and uiiassimilabic elements exist ill any population, scU'-governmeiil ciui not be granted without injury. The The United States takes this position with respect to the Philippine Islands. I'.gypt has been a troublesome problem 1)11 account of differences of religiou, ifce, language and national aspirations among the people. No one denies the benefits of British administration in Kgypt. Hut the people who formerly |ilj^ilercil the fellaheciis are not at all satisfied to have their misdoings cur tailed. The Turkish influence does not make for peace, and the Arabs who are to be found on all its borders are in some respects as uarea.sonable ami ir reconcilable as the Irish. Vet Hfitaiii las had her greatest successc.s during the great war in her dijiloinatic deal- ings with the .-Vrab peoples. Much of the difficulty everywhere in the Kusl is a religious one, and iirimitive races aie never so touchy as our religious uuestioiis, Mohumnicdaui.sm is imt of Ihe most liberal religions, and llie first official act of Midiamnied was to grant a franchise to the Christians niuler him. Claims of exclusive authority and ]irivilegc in religion have created most of the problems of government in tin- Kast. Equality of tre.itment is all that is required. War or Murder Irelari.l i-onliiuics to be the centre ot irreconcilability in the Knglish- sjiakiii;; world. There has been no I !â- ( cedent aiiioiig the Kuglish .speaking lacr'.s lipi Ihe attitude of the extreiii i^t^ who have been iiias(jueradilig â- 's .Sinn Keiuers. In the I'liited States, whether in the Hevolutionary war or ii. the Civil War, nothing can be found tc justify the Irish campaign. This i.-i ilenied to be a campaign of murder ["lid assassination by Sinn l-'eiii leaders. They regard all these acts as the oper ations of war. But when any of tliem aie arrested or preventive measures f.re used, they have asserted tliiir civil rights as bing violated, anil a<cusi>d the British Government of murder and as- sassination. Bogie and reason cannot be expected to prevail under such con ditions. Otherwise the whole question could have been settled long ago. Kverything has been offered Ireland that any reasonable people could want, except the right to set yp a hostile government on Britain's front door step. All authorities are agrci^d that this would be the first step tn the breaking of the British Kmpire. The Irish extremists make no bones about this, but frankly declare this to be their aim. The nearest analogy to Ire land and Britain is the ease of Cuba and the IFnited .States goveninient 'vould iMil for ;i nininent jierinit Cuba to carry out iilaiis such as the Irish extremists frankly declare to be the "calls Hiey have in view to wreck the Jtritish loiiinioii wealth. The Oennan, KiiKsian and other influences h.diind the Sinn Fein party siifTieiently sub Mantiale this view. Is It Always Suicide If a niun takes his own life is it sui I iile Irrespective of the method he ail (•pIsT When Kraily 'Vilding Davison threw h.T.self on the Derby racehorse M.d was killeil, no luie questioned that it was snicide. Socrates has been de iiouueed as a suicide â-º, 'cause he voliin laiily .Irank poison |irovide<l him by the state for llie execution to which he was i-uailemiie.l. This seems quite iiiijiiMt. When a luan has no opton b'll to .lie, has ilealh cannot b«-regard td as Biiicido. Kniily Davison took a ihaiire, not ne.i'ssarily wishing lo di... but .leliTiiiiiieil to risk it for the oake 'f the .nd to be gained. In th.' case .>f Bord Mayor MacSweney the condi- tions are different. He was not taking a chance in resolving to starve ti. ili'iith. He was not si'nteneeil to ilialh. but only to iiiiprisoiiiuenl. My insist ing on .lying by starvation he took a course which made .leath certain. Was he then morally cnlpable for violating Gorki's Veiw on Russia Maxim tiorki has [iroleste.l in a let- ter to II. U. Wells against the i.lea that Kussia has lapsed into barbarism mere- ly because a certain b'ubarous class, for the moment has obtaine.l a doniiuuiit lufluence in the country. It would be as unjust to condemn the whole 'risli people on account of the crimes of an un.lergrouiul Junta. <<i>rki thinks thai lOiirop.', as rejirescntcd by France and Britaiu, is trying to strangle Kussia. "We Kussians shonlil liavi- been I. ft I'ither to our own wishes or our own folly. In either case we should have provided the rest of Kuropi^ with an instructive spectacle." Kurope would only have been too glad to du so lia.l Soviet Uussia been satislie.l t.i confnie 1 er activities to Kussiaii soil. Th.- n'i- >r.nce on I'ersia an.l other Eastern ter- ritory, the recent threat against India, the propaganda carrie.l i.ii in W.slen. countries, the assistance given ti. slim i.iat.' and siq.port the ontrages in Ire- land, and the frank avowal iil' l.enini' that the Soviet aim >vas to avert all oourge.iis.' governments, including Ihose of Britain aii.l the I'uit.'.l Slates, have place. 1 Kussia in a position ihal i.one enu ileplore luorv' than the West rrn nations which have thus been plac- ed in an involuntary antagonisin with lier. The West will willingly join with Gorki when occasion warrants in ''.see iiig in the Kussiaii nation the birth of a creative will power, which, step by step, transforms our people into an ac- tual civilizing jiower. " A Man's Novel For Women It is worth while r.-a.liiig lhr.)iigh Sir Harry Johnston's book to come on the tribute to the Kiiglish put in tli.- iiiouth of the ex-Kaiser, purporting, as it does, to be an accurate transcript ot the llohenzoUern views. He was e.nnoyed over Van Hissing '.s "ciin>l precipitancy." " Knglisliinen," li.' muttered to his .iitour.ige, • • .Ion "t '" as .-assinate. Tin- Irisu .lo. But how i 'm going to make peace with Kn;;huul, 1 don't know." The book is a fascin- ating picture of coutem|iorary Knglaii.l .luring the last twenty years, ami re veals so much of the i.iner side of un- V ritten history that no one who de sires to understand the movements of .social, ])olitical, and national .â- volution in that time can afford to ignore it. The history of the sullrage an.l siilVragett.- iiM.viiii.'nl fr.iui the inside, militarsm an.l all, is the great episodi> of the slory, but it involves so much more, and 'ouches so many of the leading ste.ies- n.en an.l politicians that a truer s/nse of the importance of the women's revolt will be gaine.l than s usually h.l.l. It is said that women readers dislike the book, an account of its plain spoken cliaracter. There is nothing .ilVensiv.- pboiit it, unless the facts of life and habit and conduct of men ami w.mi.ii in pre-war Britain arc offensive. There is no attempt to conceal anything, nn.l a realization of things as they were will un. loubtedly assist in :in uii.lerstan.ling tit' the war. It is true that some pco pie will be shocked to learn that so- ciety is not conducted on .Sun. lay .'â- ^ch.iol lilies, but unless this is known i.o change is likely to t..- mad.-. A pol 1 y .if .•oncealment is not likely to renie !y anything. The book is a woman's book, a justification of emancipation of woman, and a record of the suceess- ;mI st riiggl.' for the vote. Sir Harry records a tribute to thu .l.'velopiug v'omanhood of Germany. "The war '•ame just too soon. Ha.l llciiveii struck ilown that epilept Kmperoi'^nnd u few of his ministers, had time been given for the .New (ierniau Woman to assert herself in poli'ics, there would have been no invasion of B.dgiiiin, im maltreatment of .Servia. (lernc.ny v/ould liavi' range. 1 herself with the Western powers an.l Western culture." Apart from history and sociology the book is a most readable romance! Vi \ ien is an original and jiowerful li.ro inc. Chara.'ters like Sir Michail Kns siter, Bertie .\dnins I'roed, .A.R.A., and .Mrs. Warren will not readily be forgot ten. There is great ten.leriiess an. I pa thos in Sir Harry's treatment of Bin. In, I lie of the frequent misfit wives of the age. .\ii opened bottle of olives will not gather a lilni of mild if a layer of olive oil is floated on the brine. POEMS MY BOAT IS ON THE SHORE. My boat is on th(> shore, And my bark is on the sea; But before I go, Tom Moore, Here's a double health to thee! Here's a sigh to those who love me. And H smile to those who hate; And whatever sky's above me. Here's a heart for every fate! Though the ocean roar around me. Yet It still shall bear me on; Though a aesert should Durround me. It hath springs that may be won. ' Were't the last drop In the well. As I gasp'd upon the brink, Bre my fainting spirit fell, 'TIs to thee that 1 would drink With that water, aa this wine, The libation I would pour Should beâ€" Peace with thine and mine. And a health to thee. Tom Moore! â€" Lord Byron. The History of Your Nanfe BEHKY. VARIA-nONS â€"Burke, Burk, Bur- roughs, Qurrows. Atterbury, Berks. BAOIAIi ORIGINâ€" Anglo-Saxon. SOUEOBâ€" Descriptive of lacaUty. The Anglo-Saxons of ancient Kiig- lend had a word "boorgun, " meaning "to hide," from which iiave eome not only a number of our very common mo- di rn words, but also, through various steps of development, the foregoing ap- parently dissimilar family names. From it we have the word "burrow," meaning "to dig," also the word "bury" anj "burial," but not the word "berry" the (the fruit), which comes from another source. But the word "burrough" (a political divis- ion of land) and the endings "burg," "burgh" and "bury," as in I'itts- burgh, or llarrisbiug, and Waterbiiry, du come from it. In Anglo-Saxon times the word ' ' burg, " " burgh " or " burk ' ' came to mean a defensive inelosure, a dwelling [luce, a town or city. It is noteworthy that the German ending, "burg," ile- notes a castle, the ancient German ton- giK^ being first cousin to the .Anglo- Saxon. .â- \ll the foregoing forms ol the ftriu- iiy name were used first, with one or another prefix, to denote that the per- son or family referred to live. I in, at or near the city. It was not necessary to designate which city, for the lives Mid comniiiiiicutiuns of most persons ill those days were conliiied to sucl limite.l areas that all vou!. I Know wliot town or city wes meant. The variation -Attcnbury still retains ( ne of the prefixes. The name simply i? a contraction of "at the biirgii.'' The change of the "gli" into a "y is thoroughly regular ns u ilevelopnieiit from tile old Saxon tongue, an.l thcr .^re parallels to be found in humlreils '.if our modern words. FINLAY. Variations â€" Findlay, Findley. Racial Originâ€" Scottish (Celtic). Source â€" A given name. Scottish family names, taken as a class, do not parallel those of Ireland in one respect. They are nop over- whelming Celtic, either in language or in the method of formation. Ami tli.'rc are reasons for this. ill the first place, the bloo.l of Scot lan.l is far from being overwhelming- ly C.dtic. At the time of the Homan .lomination of Britain, the country north of the great wall which marke.l the northern limits of the Kmpire '» (iovernment was inliabite.l by the I'icts, a race more similar to tne ''yinric branch of the Celtic race, like the Welsh, the Cornishmen and the Bretons, .\boiit the third and fourth centuries of the Christian era the Gaelic Celts of Ireland came over from ClstiT and settled themselves in the Highlands. Then, when the Anglo- Saxons invaded Kngland they cut well north into the lowlands. Norman ami then English conquest and occupation followed on a large scale before sur names became true family name^. Hence there were influences of many rac's at work. The name of Finlay, however, is truly Celtic. Originally its form as a given name was Fionulaoch, a com- Iionnd of "fionn," meaning "white,'' and "laoeh, " meaning "lighter," or " sill. lier. " When it first became a family or clan name, of course, it was preceded by "Mac," meaning "de- sc.-nilant of," but in the course of tiin.' has been dropped, and the name has developed variously into the mod- ern f.irnis to be found in this country to dav. Tales of the Sea An effort Is being made in the riiite,. States to develop what one writer has htylcd "ship-mindedness. " It has been suggested that boys be encouraged to read sea stories, and four books of tin hind have been mentioned. Is it nee essary to do anything of this .sort ii f'anadaf The sea literatur.' of Uritaii and the United States is the ridiesi ot any country and there is no richei department in the Knglish tongue • • Kobinson Crusoe ' ' is primarily a great sea story, and since then many classic; have been written. Capt. Marazate' novels appeal to some, and IViieuuM^ Cooper's sea tales which some regarc as better than hia Ked Indian ones, /p peal to others. Dumas' "Two Year Before a Mast" ig an excellent cor rective. Foster's "Cruise of tin Midge" and "Tom Cringle's Log" ar. prcat books. The last generation o boys had a sjilendid lot of s.'a stories In VV.II. G. Kingston and other writers. lb Bieiitenant Maitlnnd's series of "Tom Rodman" books still available.' Ji seph Conrad is regarded as a ni.ulei.. princ eof ocean yarners, and there are Clark Russell, and the author of " Ti.,. Cruise of the Cachalot," a great sea tale, and a host of others. Tli.' navv should never want sailors if our sea tales are all that is noe.led ,to attra boys to sea. HOW I INCREASE MY BOO YIELD If I know the hens that are not lay- ing I can get rid ot them, and so get a larger average of eggs jier hen for my flock. I use a plan that is easy to carry out anj is sure to mark every hen that gets into the nest to lay an egg. It finds the non-producers verv quickly. I hang from the top of each nest a piece of rag soaked with a cloth dye and glycerin. This rag is of just the right length so that it will rub against the hen's back when she crawls into the nest, and yet will not interfere with her getting in. I raise white chickens, an.l so I use a dark color of dye for this purpo.^e. If you raise a dark-colored chicken, you can use white or other light color dves. You sec, of course, that when" the hen passes under the rag, the dye is rubbed off onto the hen's back. Those hens that do not have any of the dye on their backi are sold for meat. DALE K. VAN HOBX. The first paper mill in America Waa erected near Philadelphia in 1690. SHE IS ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL Facts About Canada .V.'cording to the census of 1911 â€" the latest complete census in Canada â€" the inhabitants of British origin num- bered :t,896,98.'), being 54 per cent, of the total population. The Census liranch of the Fe4eTal Department nf Trade and Commerce, has estimated the jiopulation of ("ana. In to be 8,835,102. This estimate shows an increase of ],f)28,459 during the past nine years. A complete census will be taken next year. According to the census of 1911 the rural populafiou numbered .'5,935,079, an.l the urban jiopulation 3,280,904, but the urban population was increas- ing 111. ire rapidly than the rural. In 1917 the value of the creamery biittir iir.i.luce.l in Canada was $29,- 330,882, the Province of Qnebc.- loa.lini; with a production having a value of *ii,404,;!:i7. 'riie Indians living umler treaties with the Government of Caii.'id.-i linl.l 2,231,971 acres of land, cleared but not un.ler cultivation, and 178,020 acres un- der cultivation. The value of this laml is estimated to have a value of .$48,- 057,758. The average annual income of thi'so Indians is about .$7,200,000, of which th.' sum of .*2,:i.'ill, 11(10 is .lerived from farm products including hay. Their wages earned amount to .$1,750,0(1(1. During the year 1918 the fire insur- ance .iiiiipanii's doing business in Can- ada received iu premiums the sum of $51 7,240.495. The losses paid amount ed to $307,980,299, being almost tiO per cent, nf the premiums received. During the past fifty years the fire insnran.-e companies doing business in Cnna.la liav.' received in premiiuiis .$517,940,495, and paid in los.ses .$307,- 080,299, being 59.4 per cent, of the amount of the premiums received. The gross amount of fire risks taken during I!»1S was $4,000,0:15,056. The premiums charged thereon amounted to $48,770,111, being 1.00 per cent, of the risks taken. The .'xports nf butter had a valu.' of $0,140,804, am! th.- exports of ehe.'sc $.35,223,983. Great Britain bought of cur butter to the value of $4,.530,177, an.l of our .-lu'cse to the value of $27 â-  525,634. The export of ajiples in a natural state had a value of $2,041,07(). The quantity sent to Great Britain was 345,5(17 barrels, having a value of $1,- 800,501. The other principal buvers were .N'ewfoiin(llan<l, New Zealan.l, Ber- nui.la and the I'nited States. The milk and cream exported last year had a value of $7,882,799. Great Britain buying to the value of $4,530,- 933. Condensed cream and milk to the value of $800 were sent to the Straits Settlements and to Iceland to the value of $304. Jellicoe on Discipline {•;", j Admiral JelHeoe's report of the Na- val Mission to Canada has been re- printed and freely distributed by the Navy League of Canada, 103 Bay St., Toronto, and is well worth reading. Even the most stationary landsman will find interest and benefit from the liiurth chapter on discipline among the notes on which are some of the most excellent and practical ideas to be found anywhere, not merely for naval life, but for the maintenance of good relations among all classes of people everywhere. Misconception of the meaning of discipline leads some to denounce it, and to proclaim in op- position that all mei are equal and that it is contrary to the dignity of a man to belong to a disciplined force. Admiral Jellicoe thinks this view does a lot of harm in ordinary times and "during the present period of very natural reaction since the signing of the armistice is very materially pre- venting the peoples of the world from recovering a position of mental and moral stability. The great fact which they lose sight of is that in a well- disciplined force the officers as well as the men are disciplined â€" that is to say, each officer and each man has coutiuer.'d himself, and is therefore in a fit condition to subordinate his own, wishes and desires in carrying out tlfe orders given to him, which, as he knows, are meant to forward the cause for which they stand. The brutal an.l unchristian methods of the Prussians, which they were pleased to describe under the heading of discipline, are known iu Kngland under the names of bullying, unkindness, brutality." The essential principles of discipline which are given are those which might be adopted in every sphere. The whole trouble with society in all its ranges is that its members are not under dis- cipline iu the sense that each must have conquered himself. Admiral Jel- licoe has some fine thoughts on work. "All work is sacred; in all true work, were it but true hand-labor, there is something of divinene.ss. Some of the commonest faults of thought and work ire those which come from thinking too poorly of our own lives, and of that which must rightly be demanded of us. A high standard of accuracy, a chivalrous loyalty to exact truth, gen- e-osity to fellow-workers, indifference to results, distrust of all that is showy, self-discipline and undiscouraged pa- tience through all difficultiesâ€" these are among the first and greatest con- ditions of good work; and they ought never to seem too hard for us if we remember what we owe to the best work of bygone days." The Saltan of Turkey seldom sleeps two consecutive nights in the same room, so great is his fear of assassina- tion. Straight to the Point There's a sure, direct, straight-to-the- point way to get your message to those who can best supply your needs To get trustworthy, capable, household servants. To find a landlord who will provide full rental value. To get capable workers in every line of business. To meet realty owners or agents who have opportunities worth while. To become acquainted with those who have business opportunities that point to profitable business dealings. To get in touch with specialists in every line of work. To bring losers and fmders together and to restore lost articles. To quickly 'accomplish these and many other thingsâ€" make use of advertisements.