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;l Addrett communication* to Ac">'"nlt, 73 Adelaide St. West. Toronto How I Remodeled My Old Poultry ROOM. are of the roll type. They are sel- 'lom used except during the two or When I bbuKht'my' farm in South- three severe storms that come from ern Ontario it cor.UineJ only one the louth every winter. Very hca%> poultry house of tho neini-monitor: s-torms from other a.rcctioiw i do v type. It was built of matched lumber! ""we Ac snow to blow into the nous on a stone foundation, and had an and consequently the curtains do not open front vo to c lowered. , , ,. , uitl . I find that there are many poultry We could find no serious fault with , ^.^ which , service the outside of the house But H.e,,^, equipment ~ interior was not modern. It was not. ~ rran , ic The in that res- , . . . . .,*., %.l.lia* I1VCU iii C V BtlMftM * ..-- uiged for the satisfactory n.au- the neces . ; .trement of poul try. The roofts were J P equipment. Then reap nailed to Uie walls of the house. Ih... th / * ^g for work> furnished an ideal breeding p>ace for, wh come . f have mite., and when the roost, were pried, and feed them out we found plenty of them. They j .' . fe , bung in clusters beneath the roosts. F We painted the old roosting poles with kerosene, then added the roosts to the klndlinp-wood pile, to make de- struction doubly sure. The house contained no dropping boards, which made the condition of the floor bad, and reduced the scratch- ing area. So we built a dropping Tip Burn of Potatoes. A trouble which is widely distri-. billed and very prevalent in some sea-. s>i>ns, and to which the name "Tip ( Burn" has been given, is to be found, among our potato crops. This trouble , takes the form of a gradual burning; & *. uv nvj uuuv i**vyyi4^s.j it i e *v. platform of smooth lumber along the, and lrym-up of the leaves of the back wall of the house. Roosts were ' P lanfa - oftcn commencing at a corn- made by planing the upper edges of iwative'y early stage in their tA-o-by-three pieces until they were! *> rrow ' h - imj - ln " lanv , cu ; ea lf allow " r.anded and smooth. These rooste ; ed ' uncbicked, slowly but surely vxre then nailed in sections of three | involving the whole of the plants so ; ts each, and each section wasi that th y & e < lown a con '; ;l . era L> h. .-ed to the back wall of the house. time bafore the tubers are fully de - A hook placed in the middle of each section permitted the roosts to be raised easily, and hooked to the ceil- ing when the dropping boards were defined. It also made it easier to paint or spray the roosts on the under side, where red mites are not likely to appear. The nests were boxe-s tightly nailed to the wall. Now, I have found by experience that nests must be loose, veloped. The appearance of this trouble in the fit-Ids is often mistaken by grow- ers for Late Blight. There is, how- ever, a marked distinction between the two, for Late Blight may com- mence by attacking any part of the planits leaves and stems alike has a dark, water-soaked appearance and, in its early stages, is damp to the touch, while Tip Burn invariably com- Improved Seed. The Dominion Department of Agri- culture, through the Seed Branch, works in active co-operation with the provinces in the matter of improving grain and field seeds. Money is pro- vided to pay prizes in standing field crop competitions, at seed fairs and provincial seeds exhibitions, ami in combined seed crop and cleaned seed competitions. The last named is a recent introduction. It has two dis- tinct phases, the first consisting of a standing field crop competition and the second of threshed and cleaned seed in which the seed produced from \ the fields of the first phase is jumped. in the granary of the competitor. The competitions must have at least fif-| teen entries in each, and the faunda-l tion seed used mus.t be of approved ' origin. The minimum quantities of| cleaned seed that competitors must be prepared to submit to qualify for awards are: wheat, barley, peas, buckwheat and corn each 100 bushels, oats 200 bushels, field beans 25 bush- els, clovers and timothy 15 bushels, j and potatoes 150 bushels. The awards, j except in the case of potatoes, are made on a basis of 65 per cent, on the bin score and 36 per cent, on the field score. In the case of potatoes the method is reversed, the award be- 1 ing based on 35 per cent, on the bin! score and 65 per cent, on the field I score. All agricultural associations | are eligible to conduct these competi- tions, provided the association enter- ing does not conduct a field crop com- petition in the samo season with the same kind of crop. To the prize money under subvention agreement the Dominion subscribes $200 in each instance and the province $100. Tub Hats for the Kiddies. Simply adorable are the little sum- mer hats for the kiddies made of white pique. What child would not love one especially if it were decorated on the upper brim with a row of tiny quack- ing ducks or chirping chickens? This is a splendid way for Mother to use up the odd pieces of white pique or rep. The hats are simple to make. They fit the head well and are decided- ly practical. To make tho brim cut two circular pieces of pique, each 12 inches in diameter. In the centre of e-ach of the; circles cut another circle G inches in diameter. The inner circle may vary according to the child's head-size. (It will be best to cut paper patterns first.) Turn the right sides of the brim to- gether and ba?te and stitch the outer edges taking a ^4 -inch seam. Turn the brim, baste the outer edge, and stitch again on the edge. The crown is made from a circular piece of pique, 10 inches in diameter. Face the crown and fasten to the brim with tiny buttons and buttonholes. The quacking ducks around the up- per front edge of the brim are em- broidered in outline stitch. Six-strand embroidery cotton in Copenhagen blue is used for the ducks and yellow floss for the bills and eyes. Brim is em- broidered before it is attached to the THE SUNDAY SCHOOL JULY 3. The Early Life of Saul. Acts 21 : 39; 22: 3, 28; 2 Tim. 3: 14, 15; Duet. 6: 4-9. Golden Text Hebrews 3: 7, 8. North America has a white popula- tion of 100,000,000. There are two ways of getting a better cow. One is to put one's hand into his pocket deep, in these days and pay for her; the other l to prow her. The last way is the best, the first the quickest. Raise a cow and you understand her and she knows you. You make a better team, and team work in the dairy is what counts. Better Lawns Make Better Homes so they can be taken outside theimences at the margin or tips of the house for emptying, followed by sun-j leaves and has a decidedly dry ap- ning and spraying. Nests that are pearance and touch with tho excep- tig-htly fastened to tho wall form : tion of after rain. It also appears breeding places for mites and lice. I nruch earlier in the season than Late I find also that open nests may lead j Blight has ever been recorded and to the egg-eating habit. In winter j does not cause the death of the plants the birds may scratch in the litter so rapidly. Nor has it ever proven so j of the nests after eggs have been laid.! destructive as Late Blight, although] Egg* kicked against the side of the [evidence has been obtained that in. nest are apt to be broken and then seasons when it is severe and where ( eaten. Open nests also become un-i n ' effort is made to check, a consider- clean from the hens roosting upon' able reduction in the yiekl of market- them t night, or sitting on the edge' able tubers, due to the premature during the day. In remodeling my death >* the plants from this cause, house I built the nests in portable may result. sections. If the top of a section j Investigators of this trouble are not lopes sufficiently, the birds will not! yet in agreement as to the cause. The roost upon it. If the top does not! observations of some have led to the have enough slope it pays to stretch' belief that a period of hot, dry weath- a strip of poultry wire above the' or during the growing season causes nests in such a manner that the hens the leaves to throw off moisture more rapidly than it can be furnished by cannot roost there. Poultry nests must be so built that the eggs will be clean. An egg that the plant, the result being the appear- ance of Tip Burn. This theory seems, is washed loses the film provided by: however, to be disputed by the fact nature to help keep it fresh. Dirty! that the trouble is not found in the eggs look very bad, and the producer hot regions of the Western States with a select trade cannot include where the temperature often becomes them in filling orders. If the nests excessive and tho air is especially dry. are slightly darkened and the nesting j More recent investigations lead to litter kept clean, the eggs will be. the belli cf that thia burning of the clean with the chalky freshness which leaves probably follows the depreda- customers expect when they pay a tions of sucking insects. These in- premium for fresh eggs. j vestigations are not yet complete, but I find that a small wooden table is enough evidence has been produced to useful in a poultry house. It should' serve as a warning to potato grow- hold the water pail and a crock or Nl to keep these insect posts thor- two of sour milk. Then litter can-' oughly under control in an endeavor not be scratched into the water and; to avoid Tip Burn. milk, making them a possible source of disease. If there is no time to build hoppers, We have found in our experimental work with potatoes that Bordeaux mixture will to a large extent control tho grit and oyster shells can be plac- 1 this trouble. In 1918, when it was cd in earthen crocks on this low plat- extremely prevalent, wo had several i form. I find that hoppers are best, plots to which, for the purposes of; h .-.fever, as they hold a larger supply experiment, Bordeaux mixture was \ r.J need filling less often. Hoppers! not applied. These plots suffered ' for dry mash can easily be made of from a severe attack of Tip Burn and small packing boxes. Sketch the out-i the plants weru all killed down by| line of the proposed hopper on the, the second week in August, while sides of the box. Then saw out the other plots on the same land, and to box to conform with the sketch, and which, for the control of Late Blight, use the material removed to board up ' Bordeaux mixture was regularly and the front of the hopper. Make a sort, thoroughly applied, suffered to a very of lip in front so that the hens cannot] slight extent only, the plants remain- waste it on the floor. I ing green until frost came. Bordeaux In remodeling my house I found mixture acts as a repellent to the that tbe curtains were hinged to the 1 Leaf Hopper, as well iis a protection top of the windows so they could he to the plants. Many other cases, in pulled back and hooked to the ceiling. I also found that the hoim had been roosting on the curtain frames, mak- ing them dirty and infesting them with mitss. I took these curtains out i.| them. The new curtains Tip Burn. addition to thut referred to, have come to our attention, bearing evi- dence that regular and thorough] spraying with this mixture will re- duce to a minimum the ravages of Grow Perennials. July is an ideal time to sow the seeds of such hardy plants as pinks, columbines, perennial larkspurs, fox- gloves, pansics, sweet-williams, Shas- ta daisies, and many others. These will make a nice growth in the fall seed bed, and will bloom at the regu- lar time next spring. The clumps! will not be quite so largo as those' from seeds sown In May, but the May-sown plants will not bloom the v first year, so there is not much gained 1 by planting them. You can plant the > fall-sown plants somewhat thicker, and in transplanting have more chance to cut out inferior plants. Most of these plants like a loose jm>llow loam that will not pack or run. Woods soil with plenty of leaf mold ie ideal. Sow tbe sued* in rows. Do not crowd the rows. The seeds should be covered not over a quarter to half un inch, and kept moist until op, whdch will take ten days or two weeks for most of the common var- ieties. Some are slower to germinate and older seeds are slower than fresh ones. Thin, the plants in the rows if too thick, but a hailf-inch space will serve until transplanting time, except for such strong growers as hollyhocks. The seed bed should be well culti- vated to give the little plants a (.nance to make a good growth. As cold weather draws near, let them get pretty dry to harden them up. Water the bed well l>cfore giving pro- tection, if it is not already moist. Thia mulch can be any coarse material, but tree leaves are probably best. Straw free from fine chaff will serve, or coarse hay. Anything that will pack will shut off too much air. A good water-tight roof should be placed over all. The bed should bo high enough to secure good drainage. With the packing kept dry, there is little danger of winter-killing. I have kept them by turning an empty box over them, making the bottom of the box tight so it would shed the water. A little cave will make your plants thrive, and they will reward you with abundant bloom next spring and summer. There are many mistakes made in the establishment of lawns and in their subsequent management. In or- der to make a good lawn the soil must bo fairly fertile or it \ necessary that It be mado so by proper fertilization. The regular use of suitable fertilizers is ciso necessary. Tht best time to Insure a good soil for a lawn is at the time when the excavating and the grading are done. Frequently a good site that Is natural- ly fertile Is made unproductive or un- desirable by covering it over with sub-soil taken from another location, that Is, from basements or sections that are moved In grading. Not Infre- quently building rubbish, ashes, cin- ders, cans and other debris arc cover- ed with a thin layer of soil, tho re- ault being very unsatisfactory pro- duction of desirable grasses. A very good rule lo follow is, keep at least six inches of rich soil on the surface. This six Inches or more of soil should be fine In texture or a loam or clay loam material. Inasmuch as they are the best for the production of most all grasses that are grown on lawns. They dry out less quickly and retain added fertilizers to much better advantage than do the sandy soils. Where drainage conditions ore not good they should bo corrected by the laying of tile at proper depths with suitable outlets. If the subsoil is very heavy or impervious tho surface soil Is likely to hold too much water or become waterlogged, resulting In un- sanitary conditions, and usually uu un- satisfactory growth of grasses. If, un the other hand, the sub-soil Is very porous or sandy, the lawn must bo watered very frequently and fertil- ized more often than if It Is heavy in texture. In the establishment of a lawn, If it Is available, a generous ap- plication of well-docayed or rotted stable manure Is desirable. This should be worked well Into tho soil, tho application consisting of about four hundred to eight hundred pounds per .square rod. The use of well-rotted maniiro in advantageous because there i * much loss danger of the introduc- tion of undesirable weed seedi, some uf which may provo objectionable later on. After the manurn has been applied either liydrated llmo at the rate of about llftoon pounds per square rod or air-slaked lime, or finely pulverized limestone at the rate of about twenty pounds per square rod or dried marl at the rntc of about twenty-Hve pounds per square rod should bo add- ed to tho Mill, and worked Into It when tho laud Is prepared for seeding. In addition It Is advisable to apply four pounds of sixteen per cent, acid phos- phate per square rod. When tho seed-bed has been ex- tremely finely pulverized and leveled down the seeding may he made. As a general rule the Kentucky bluegrass makes thu most popular and most suc- cessful grass, forming an excellent turf. Some seed a mixture of grossoa, however, such as the bluegrass and the English or Italian rye grans. Whore three parts of tho hluegrass and one part of thn Hngllsh rye grass Is used In the mixture, about half a pound Is usually needed on a square rod. A mixture of blue-grass and white clovor Is also a very popular one. Pre- cautions should bo taken in all cases to obtain grasses whoso percentages of germination aro high. In some In- stances mixtures of low percentages aro placed on thn market. Following the establishment of tho liiwn for best results It should bu care- fully handled and not neglci'ted. A very good rule to follow Is "to never permit the lawn grass to go to .seed, Inasmuch as this tends to cause It to deteriorate, and result In a poor or un- latinfactory lawn. A point that Is fre- quently overlooked* Is that the new land should be permitted to pass Into tho winter with a considerable growth; In other words. It should not be mowed very closely in the fall. This is done In order to protect the young grass roots during tbe winter. Many of tbe most successful lawns are rolled. Especially Is this desirable In the case of a new lawn. This is done to compact the soil and cause the grass roots to take a firm hold. Frequently the grass roots aro loosen- ed by tho freezing and thawing (luring the winter season and rolling Is neces- sary to overcome this condition. In other Instances angle worms leave the lawn In a roughened condition and the rolling overcomes this. Mistakes are sometimes made in watering lawns. It U better to thor- oughly soak the soil by laying the hose on the ground and permitting the water to flow freely on one part for an hour or so and then move it to an- other place. Tlye sprinkling method is satisfactory If continued long enough, but frequently th'is Is not done. The soil dries ouVwlth the exception of tho very sbt^v layer at the surface. Only surface applications of fertil- izers to establish lawns aro made. Whore stable manure Is used It should bo applied very early in the spring. In some Instances mistakes are mado by applying fresh manure In too largo quantities, there being too much solu- ble material added for the grass, the result being either the killing out of the grass, commonly spoken of as burning out. or a decided setback to It. If fresh manure only is available It should be applied very uniformly over the surface at the rate of one hundred and twenty-five pounds per square rod. As previously stated, how- ever, the rotted manure Is better on account of less danger of the Intro- duction of some of the troublesome weeds. The manure should be care- fully removed from the lawn shortly after tho grass begins to grow In tho spring. Where the manure Is not made use of top-dressings of nitrate of soda at the time growth begins may be used at tho rate of from one-quar- ter to one pound per square rod. Pre- caution should bo taken to spread It uniformly over the surface and whun the gross is not moist, or when the dow Is not on It; otherwise, the leaves of the grases may be burned or in- jured by the nitrate. Subsequent ap- plications of similar quantities may be made as the lawn demands it. In somo Instances tho nitrate of soda Ls dis- solved in water and sprinkled on the lawn: usually, however, this la not necessary. Ammonium sulphate should not be applied to lawns that aro growing bluegrass or white clover Inasmuch as It will cause them to disappear and other loss desirable ones may come in. It should not bo overlooked, however, that If tho soil Is limed about every four years, topdresslngs of ammonium milphate without lime drives out the injurious effect to these plants. In- vestigations on tho use of ammonium sulphate and sodium nitrate on lawns over a period of twenty years or more show conclusively that the use of am- monium sulphate without llmo drives out the bluegrass and clover, as well us several other grasses, and also a number of troublesome weeds that may como Into the lawn. If one is de- sirous of growing mich grasses aw the rod-top, bent grasses and some of tho fescues, tho a mm 'ilum sulphate should he usnrt and t;i soil left acid. Acid phosphate should be applied to the lawn about every two years at the rate of thrto luiiidrotl pounds per aero, although finely ground limestone ns a carrier of phosphorus may be used about twice at the rate of five pounds per square rod. Connecting Links For the Sunday- 1 school teacher and Bible class student the best he!ps for the study of the life and work of the groat apostle will be found in the available com- mentaries on the Acts and Epistles. I would recommend also the follow- ing: Bosworth's Studies in the Acts and Epistles (arranged for daily read- ing), Patterson Smyth's Life and Let- ters of St. Paul, Stalker's life of Paul, R. D. Shaw's The Pauline Epistles, Ramsay's St. Paul the Traveller and Roman Citizen, and Lake's The Earlier Epistles of Paul. Next to our Lord Himself the greatest and most outstanding figure' of the New Tr-stament is that of Paul. I A thorough-going Jew, of a strict i Jewish family, an ardent patriot, a I lover of his people and of their an- Icient faith, a man of quick impulses.) I zealous for the cause which he had at i heart, indomitably persevering, and i . yet with n deeply affectionate and generous nature, he attracts and holds our attention from the first. The first j three lessons of our present series I : show him to us as the Jew and | Pharisee, the lessons that follow, as , the Christian preacher and teacher,! traveller and missionary. It was Paul who first saw clearly j the significance of the gospel message t , for the whole world, and not for the : I Jews and Jewish proselytes only. It ] i was he who conceived the noble am- 1 bition to be an apostle to the Gentiles, I called of God to that great task. From 1 the narrowest of Jewish circles h ! stepped forth as the letuler of a great I international movement of brother- 1 hood and good will. His ambition was ' truly imperial, being nothing less than to win the empire of the world for his crucified Master, to break down race barriers, and to build a temple of humanity, in the midst of which Gcd. by His spirit, would dwi-H. . Christianity might have become the religion of a Jewish sect; Paul made it what Jesus had declared it would be, a world-conquering force. Acts 21: 39. A Jew of Tarsus. We are fortunate in having, both in Luke's history in the book of Acts, and in several of the Epistles, definite state- ments about Paul's earlier life. Here Luke tells us (chaps. 21 and 22) of Paul's return to Jerusalem after h:3 third gre:it missionary journey, and of the riot which was stirred up against him by bigoted and narrow- minded Jews, who hated him for his preaching a gospel of salvation to other nations, and for declaring that ' the Gentiles would share with the Jews the future glory of the Kingdom of God. Paul was rescued from the mob by the captain of the Roman troops which held the castle, or cita- del, of Jerusalem, and was afterward permitted by him to address the crowd from the castle stairs. To the captain's inquiry as to who and what he was he made the answer of this ' verse. Tarsus, the city of his birth, was the chief city of the provin-ce of Cillcia, in Asia Minor. Paul's family must have belonged to a colony of Jews which had settled there and he held by inheritance the rights and ' privileges of a free citizen of the | Roman empire. He must have been ' familiar with the Greek language! from his childhood. In the schools and in the university he must have be- come acquainted with Greek and Ro- man literature, and vith the phil- osophy and poetry both of the east and the west. The university of Tar- sus rivalled, indeed, the two other great seats of learning of that ag, Athens and Alexandria, and was reck- oned superior to them in love of learn- ing by Strabo, a well-known ancient writer. Tarsus received students from all parts of the world, and sent teachers abroad to many lands. From j Tarsus Paul went to continue his studies in Jerusalem under the great Jewish scholar, Gamaliel, and so be- came an accomplished scholar both in Greek and Hebrew. Acts 22: 3, According to the perfect manner of the law of the fathers. Of the Jewish scholars and teachers Gamaliel was one of the greatest. He was grandson of Hillel, founder of one of the two Ribbinical schools which had an extraordinary influence over the minds of the people in -the time of Christ. That he was also a maa of tolerant and liberal views appears from the story told of him in Acts 5: 34-40. Under his teaching Paul studied the books which now form our Old Testament, and in particular the ancient laws, which tne Jewish doc- tors had sought to adapt to the needs of their own time in what has come to be known as the Mishua, the cen- tral and oldest part of the Talmud. From this school of Gamaliel Paul (or Saul as he was then called) was taken to become an officer of the su- preme council of the Jews, the San- hedrin. 22: 28. Free born. Paul's father must, therefore, have also been a Ro- man citizen. The Romans were m.'.s- ters of all the lands about the Medi- terranean Sea, ar.d of large parts of Europe and western Asia and northern Africa. The privileges en- joyed by those who had the rights of citizenship were very great, and Paul found afterward in his travels, when in difficult and dangerous places, that he could re'.y upon protection from Roman officers and magistrates. His Greek learning gave him approach to the people or many lands, and his Roman citizenship gave him protec- tion in his great missionary work. 2 Timothy 3: 14-15. From a child. It was near the end of Paul's life, and while in a Roman prison that he wro'.e this letter to his younger and dearly beloved friend Timothy. Timothy, like Paul, h:id been born and brought up in Asia Minor. His home was in Lystra (Acts 16: 1), his mother was a Jewess, his father a Greek. His childhood, no doubt, had been like that of Paul, and by a good mother he hid been careful' y taught in the holy scriptures. The Old Testament stor- ies, poetry, and prophecy were fam- iliar to him, arid Paul urges him to continue in those things which he had thus learned, and which were able to make wise unto salvation, not in themselves, but through the faith of Christ. What Paul says here about his frier.d may very well reflect tha lessons of his own childhood, and we dp not need to doubt the genuine anl sincere piety of those simple Jewish homes, which was fed upon the sub- lime and pure teachings of the Old Testament. Deut. 6: 4-9. Thou shalt teach them. In the time of Christ and ever since, in devout Jewish homes, a sincere ef- fort has been made to keep this com- mand. These words are repeated morning and evening. The law and the prophets and the psalms are dili- gently read. It would be strange in- deed if the Jews did not thus learn much that is good, and as a matter of fact there has been developed in many hearts and homes a real faith in GoJ, and a sincere desire to do good. We, who have received the inestimable gift of the knowledge of Christ, should seek to know and to under- stand better the people from whose homes c.nme both Jesus and Paul. Application. There may be men who, as we are sometimes tnU, are beyond church in- fluence, but there aro few with whom the church has not had its opportun- ity. Abel th* worsh'ptxn- and Cain the murderer; Moses the man of God and Pharaoh the oppressor; Elijah the prophet ami Ahab the idolater; Miriam the prophetess and Jezebell the serpent; Nero the incarnate de- mon and Paul the apostle; Wesley the evangelist nr.d Voltaire the nocker; Chalmers the savior and Napoleon the destroyer all these men were children once. In their cradles there slumbered the energy which afterwards went forth for blasting or for blessing the wor" !. Why Cool Air is Bracing. Every one knows the bracing effect of a walk on a windy day. Now the secret of this feeling of vigor has been explained In a report issued by the In- dustrial Katlguo Research Hoard, which has been making experiments in factories throughout England, says a London despatch. It Is pointed out that a cool skin ncouragen exercise, stimulates deeper breathing, Increases circulation and aids digestion. The physical proper- ties of air benetlt the body, and when one battles with a sharp autumn wind It is the "air bath" that gives the feel- Ing of vigor with which all are fa- miliar. Factory owners and theatre and moving picture proprietors are advised that for the moet beneficial results their rooms should be coot, rather than hot; dry, rather than damp, \v ill a diversity In temperature and a br.ok air movement. The committee also states that the color of clothing worn has a marked effect on body temperature, darker clothing being wanner, irrespective of material. The outlook is for continued low prices. Ship your lot now and get spot cash. You will be treated right. Wm. Stone Sons, Limited WOODSTOCK. ONT. Established 1870. H EAvy PERFECT; FULL WEIGHT FULL GAUGE GALVANIZING- RQlXS NO 9 WILL NOT FULL LENGTH Wl F*E PEEL"CRACK ROLLS FENCE 4 * ! . : I i ;