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X evening, but if the manager will watch I ing to a greatly increased domestic carefully he can, by flashing his light ' consumption. In effect, a number of once or twice, soon train the birda to hitherto surplus-producing countries take to the roost. *<!drc,. ccmmunlcitlon- to Aoion^mlH. 7 Aaelald* St. Weil, Toront* Bean Pod Spot or Anthracnose. , leoted ones separate from all growers are familiar' other beans. If World Has More Meat- Eaten. Just prior to the Great War, the \ meat consum j ng population of the " are tending toward "deficiency" or, at least, m>n-.',uj plus producing. A '___ To Know Good Veal Calves. Weight of calves is an important factor in the size of retail cuts and the ha. commences as a dark red pin enlarging rapidly, becoming darker in color and forming a more or less kidney-shaped canker or sore. Some- times the pods are nearly all covered with these sores, rendering them very a cleun crop the following year. Breeding the "Market Sense." 110,000,000 in temperate North America, 14,000,000 in temper- ate South America, 4,500,000 in Aus- tralasia, and 1,500,000 in South Africa. Thus the meat consuming peoples ap- the total j i. i proximated one-third of Six short courses designed to bring nonll]ation of ^ worl(1 than one-quarter of the popula- l "fk UI ^ Population of the world, as against The seed I hog-raising more into line witn B , M _ lV<im ^ M i in relation to the age and quality of .]:'" j the carcass. The following table j i shows how veal is usually graded by weight: Choice 90 to 140 Ibs. Good 80 to 160 l<bs. Medium 80 to 160 Ibs. Light or common 60 to 110 Ibs. Heavy 150 to 250 Ibs. Grass 140 to 200 Ibs. Form The body should be broad and compact with good development, Suggestions for Practical Work in the of Agriculture By Norman Davies, B.A., Teacher of Science and Agriculture, Renfrew Collegiate Institute Whether or not to have a school I crop was $265.65 per acre and cost garden is the question facing many $157.50 per acre, giving a profit of teachers about to begin the teaching, $108.15 per acre. Such calculations of agriculture. The school garden is . based on actual results are of greater very important both to teachers and ; value than estimates based on the re- pupils. For public school work the ; suits of some one else. requirement in Ontario is six square! Last year eight varieties of pota- rods in order to qualify for grants, but . toes were planted twenty-four hills a smaller area is worth while even of each One set of plots in sandy if no grant is secured. j loam and the other in heavy clay soil. Numerous topics can be illustrated When dug. the yield from each plot in the school garden. The method of | were weighed. The results show- t consumptive de- especially of the ribs, loin and legs ; planti the care and harves ting of ed which early and which late var- eased in total, is, Most common faults are shanks >md ; diffrent crops can ^ token . the st ud y ( ieties are best suited to our types of of insect pests and fungus diseases of' soil. Such work opens up a wide field plants, and methods of control; meth- to the thinking boy or girl, and shows ods of conserving moisture, and prob- that agriculture is not a stereotyped, unsightly and worthless. __ .._ 1<500 ,,.,.. ^. ; - HU .. 1 . from infected pods have black or I exacting requirements of the ultimate ^^ gjxty yearg ago brown spots on them, and invariably market for bacon were arranged f< The statement t h at the plants bearing diseased pods will ! Ontario by the educational committee | mand cannot ^ inoreasec , be seen to have numerous spots on the; of the Canadian Swine Breeders As- , thercfore( disproved. Undoubtedly i neck to lon ' heay y oreasta leaves and stems, somewhat similar to; sociation in the first half of December. : thcr& hag been fln increase in the con .| sharp backs. those on the pods, but smaller and, The Ontario Dept. of Agriculture c- isumption of nieats ( i uring thc past] Quahty-The flesh should be v * . , i i _ .1.1 :...l*t*>i/tr I'd ri - I - 1 1 ^.U*. .; -. li- n-i.li -to r -faH a MM : t- ( ... TI more elongated. Investigations have shown that JrO SpOt i ."\ll L SCj Ci 1 L- - I Qi||V4t I VI Vi uvilig) lri*V iiavi \^**f i_> *i **>* . ' \ Jt ' ' IIVI wv * ***'B * called, is caused by a fungus and that were eminently practical and were . population O f the countries situated much age, lack of nourii r tical work in measurement in laying.; construction. the spots on the seed carry the fungus held under actual conditions of meat Jn the temperate zone( ln <. remarkable; coarse feeding. Milk-fed calves can h e, out the p[ots . the study O f com mon this building throughout over from one growing season to an- manufacture at packing plants at.; ncrease in t h e white population of the , distinguished by clar, fine-grained; dftn d d met hods of eradi-jcept in July and August. The first - 11 T)_t-Fn***4 I . . ~.l ..rltltla *ttfr . .1 , rt 1 J *.!_ cation, and many other topics can be I year a small nock was secured in the given a practical angle. The flower, fall and kept till June. During that ...... r , - - .. ,;,....,....... ...,.....,....,., . ...~.... , n i K ar( ' en i* important, for in it the time the value of eggs laid and value wet and cloudy, which provides good both for domestic trade and for the hag ^^ en > ect j ve - ln bringing about i on t" 6 kl(In y 8 > crotch, Hank ami methods ^ p i antmg bulbs, perennials of fowl when sold exceeded cost of -'-- - :J * ' breast. There is no "marbling of fat __,, ,_\ ,.__,. rpu. .^Jii i.!~)<, oj t**A w *in T,<- winter , | operated ^ by having their district ; rei - 1 half _ century> showing about 90 per light _ pink, well fatti ad a nd ree from , , ems of drainage; the growing of , single-tracked occupation. this rcsentatives bring nine junior farm-; cent> This is due to a generally raised blemishes. When the flesh 18 coarse , sma n f^itg an d t he care of fruit trees ; At one corner of our sc it is ers from forty countries. The courses] gtandard of u v - mgi t hc increase in the grained or dark colored it denotes :o<> ; inclu( i ing budding and grafting; prac- ' there is a poultry house o1 school garden of up-to-date Chickens are kept in the year ex- other. When this seed is plante.l and Hull. Pcterboro, Ingersoll, Brantford, warld) and tne development of trans- ' meat and whlte fat " begins to grow, the fungus grows up and Toronto (two series). Lectures portatioll| enabling expeditious and! Finish A fair amount of fat dis- with the plant; and if the weather is were given dealing with hogs suitable economi ,. al movements of meat. This j tributcd about the carcass especially dencies. There are no indications that this rapid increase in meat consuming conditions for the growth of the making of No. 1 Wiltshire sides forj[ arge j ncrease s in industrial popula- fungus it may kill the small plant our British trade, the latter having \\; wn> with ils neavy mea t eating ten- when it is a few inches high or even been so gravely challenged by the. before it gets above ground, so mak- hitfh quality of the products shipped ing misses in the rows. In any case, since the war in increasing quantities _^ _ _ __ ^ if the fungus growth has not been from Denmark. Competitions in judg- popu i a tj n will show any marked rapid enough to kill the plant, it will ing live hogs and in grading ntl I slackening during the next fifty years. cause the spotting described above, judging the carcasses from the same Therefore, the problem of producing and in these spots can tie seen a yellow hogs followed. The cash prize list! sufficient meats to meet the increasing or pink slimy material whic^ is com- amounted to $1,440, donated by the ,j cmanl i j n quality and volume still posed of the seeds or "gpores" of the Dominion Department of Agriculture ex j stg- fungus. These spores are scattered and tho Industrial and Development Statistics prove that the world': to neighboring plants, principally by Council of Canadian Meat Packers as on beef. On skinned calws the thin membrane which covers the car- and annuals can be shown. The school garden provides the material for birds and feed by $10. Last winter two pupils who had raised chickens teaching many of the agricultural , from eggs hatched at the school were apots, so spreading through the field. live" stock surplus is not keeping pace with requirements. A number of the disease centre was given a sow about six prom j neT ,t exporting countries appear rain, where they grow and form new jointly, while "top man" at each I months old by the members of the The losses from this disease have Swine Breeders' Association. The been very considerable in some local- Health of Animals Branch of the Do- ities and in certain years when wen-! minion Department of Agriculture ther conditions have been particularly ' also helped in the plan, favorable to the growth and spread! The idea underlying the scheme is of the fungus. The losses are brought that the producer should aim to breed about in three ways: j not good-looking hogs for the satis- 1. The killing of the young plants | faction of outdoing his neighbor, but gives a poor stand in the field. ! those which will yield, when slaught- 2. The destruction of the pods and ered, the largest weight of highest the weakening of the plants reduce i priced bacon. That is what thc pack to have reached their maximum of production, while others are tcadily reducing their exportable surplus ow- _ . ,. . , ,1 Ll .11 i 1 1 : . i^ ...a.LJf VI l-l*C gllv**n- , llvrul <r m ;_ - cass is white and soft on we.l-nnisned t . g . th liaboratory or dmonstra- 1 given the use of thc poultry house, calves, but dry and dark-colored on those lacking finish. To- get a bushel of ear corn, divide the cubic feet in the bin by two and a half. Kiddies will welcome filled cookies in their school lunches. Put two cookies together with marshmallow whip or ground figs. Cold water will help considerably in ventilating a room. Keep a pitcher full on the table and it will absorb all the gases and impurities. tion method, so that pupils can see [ Both have now built poultry houses methods and results as well as hear about them. The teacher will also derive benefit in having actual results as a basis for the information given to the pupils. The school garden adds a zest and an interest to the work which cannot be secured by classroom work alone. In addition to the individual plots, planted and cared for by one or more pupils, an area planted under the direction of the teacher for class pur- poses is worth while. Such an area might represent a kitchen garden at home. This winter a flock of Silver Campines will be kept. This is a new variety for this locality. They are fair layers and economical feeders. During last spring about 475 chicks were hatched in the school incubators. Many pupils brought eggs from home for early hatching while others bought Ontario Agricultural College eggs, which were secured for school work. Such experiments as these are diffi- cult for the public school teacher, but not at all impossible. They should be easily carried out by the high school the yield. jers demand insistently; that is what 3. When the crop is to bo sold for ] they can pay for, because, in turn, seed, the presence of the spotted seeds! that only is what they can sell at a would reduce tho value considerably i profit in a keen market, with world and would not be bought by anyone competition to meet. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL about fiO to 80 feet long by 20 to 30 < teacher who is usually more perman- feet wide. A third of this area could 'ently located. JANUARY 15 familiar with the disease they con- veyed. The best ii.--.in- of control The use of sprays has given no results. The mure obvious way to combat the dis- ease is to devise some means of mak- ing sure that the seed you plant is not conveying the destructive fungus. This can be done with very good suc- c-ess in the following way: Set aside a small plot of land, preferably some distance from your benn fiields and Hog-raising is not a pastime in which the producer may pick and choose the type and expect the con- sumer to "take it or leave it." If a Canadian farmer is in hog-raising as a money-making business he must produce that which the market will take, because consumers will get tlu-ir bacon elsewhere if he fails to give them precisely what they want. There is no sentiment about world Elijah's Challenge of Baal Worship, 1 Kings, 18: 20-24, 30, 36-39. Golden Text 1 John 5: 4 (Rev. Ver.) Time The reign of Ahab, B.C. 875- 853. Place Mount Carmel. Connecting Links Ahab. king of Israel, had married Jezebel, a princess of Tyre and u worshipper of the Tyr- ian Baal. In such a marriage it was usual to allow the foreign queen to worship her native god along with the nod of lu-r adopted country. Not con- tent with this, howovor, Jezebel, who was a forceful character, attempted to displace the \v,i-i<hi;> of Jehovah with be planted in permanent crops, as strawberries, raspberries, rhubarb, and so on; another third in smaller vegetables, and the remainder in po- tatoes, corn and tomatoes. Such a garden shows method of planting a Each teacher might, from among the numerous topics of the curriculum, select one or more which can best be developed in the locality. For town schools, gardening and poultry work could be made the hobby, and more markets. They are stern anu unyieUI-j [hat of the Tynan Bal. This wa* grow your own seed supply in this, ing to those who come offering un- one of the most seri->u.s assaults on the Jlnp, clean s-od > suitable goods but are steadily, im-! religion of .K-liovah in all -he history Plant in this plot plump, of the varieties you wish to grow thejmensely profitable to those who offer following season. Inspect these plants the goods that can be readily passed as frequently as you can during the ' on to the best and last judges of their Brewing senson and weed out all ! own wants the vast Imdy of consum- plunts which appear sickly or have'ers. of Israel. It was due to the courage of Elijah that Jezebel -lid not succeed. I. An Invitation, vs. 20. 21. V. 20. Ahab. The king still ped his own (Jod, but he all >\\'il .le/:e- small area and the .variety and yield; J attention given than required by the while from the strawberry and rasp- i curriculum. A hotbed belongs to gar- , berry patch, plants iruay be supplied den work and could be easily p'repared god's name was supposed to carry j to t he pupils. Last spring about 15 'in connection with other garden work, magical potency, whether for blessin| pupils from cur olasses took from r )0 If the teacher emphasizes one or two or for cursing. By uttenng therw.nve. t lofl , a f planting in their ' things, there, will be a more real and of his trod, the worshipper called him] , ' r ' w _ gardens at home. Next year I expect ( lasting effect. to his help. III. The V ictory, vs. 36-39. The prophets of known Baal o thc i employed i to supply a few raspberries plants and possibly some rhubarb root*. For thc past three years I have Should some of the readers feel that the work outlined stresses t-ho econ- omic too much, it might be well ti> aalemeataT.erw' planted in a part of the garden small j bear in mind that we deal with the convulsive rcotho'.'.s'to induce a state! plots of fall wheat and fall rye, each economic aspect in many other studies, of frenzy resemble those of the mod- year planting the seed grown in the ' Geography, history, and science all err. Mohammedan dervishe?. In primi- previous season. My object is to se- ' have a bearing on economic problems, i-i-liirions it was thought th:\t UM|eaMI plants more resistant to frost and ' and we do not hesitate to discuss them. prophet in a ftate of frenzy was " tt>st t , ac ), yeai . the value of commer-: Are we in Canada behind, in this allowing the Bnalit'es all day to estab- better condition. The rye has never | the seed corn for the farmers nearby; lish their claims Klijah set about (been seriously harmed. The wheat in another case the growing of hemp quietly and confidently to establish his! always shows a higher yield on the j has become a main industry and it own. First, he. repaired the iltar of ] fertilized plots, while the rye has 'was first introduced by a high school , Jehovah which, owning to the ^ pi-evalent ; IK , ver s hown any advantage from the principal who was the teacher of igns of spotting and keep thc se-' in their localities. 'whom Klijuh had _ -(0 assemble, v. 10. teaching: of agri- rial .sense, in the rural .. _ _ . . iome attention -i'l the* f.inw ' :ilt:ir ami the victim for sacrifice wi-r-j sively in commercial fertilizer. j to tho economic, so that the- bey or IVith Jehovah and! thas thoroughly wet :m;l a fire on th.it Where the area of the ganlvn is girl will have an enlightened mind on Artificial light gives the amount of daylight they are having during tho time of high pro duetion or in Canada, espec. are extremely even more as soon a.s ii the trouble that she is not able to take enough feed to do her until morning, value of the light is simpry to increase her daylight so that she can have more time to eat nnd less time nece*- results can be u-.ed to show i co-operating with them to a greater thods taken up in the! I'egrce than at present, and secure the are practical and the .hearty supnr.rt not only of the asn- \ssists in paying expenses, culturist, or person interested in agri- culture but net engaged in practical work, but of the practical farmer as from one-eleventh of an 1 of potatoes was 2831-4 Since tho use of electric light is eifti anco into Caiman the Israelites j be denu nst rated by tire on his altar. The valuable only in hurrying up ejtg pro- 'had tried to mingle the wor.-.hip of Second, thai (iod would vindicate Eh duction.it is not recommended ns Jehovah with the '^^9J^^\^'"*J^F^^^ : ^^^..^ Baa's, the religtofl of the aeathen people would IODOW ami tru>t Elijah. Canaanites. Klijah through this figure V. 37._I''ii.ally Klijah prayed that the The value of the \M tl for wel matured that have started to lay say in tried to show the people that to mix __ _._ . . | . UltMIHJ 1*11 VV III l|'V l*|* HVl*ilV/ Ull ' sary for sleep. It lengthens the hen's <"' November. Under natunil condi-, lhoi| . QWn ^.u,,;,,,, w i t |, h e ..then re- day and iiiakes it more in keeping with ! tions these will give n good egg yield,. | ifrion WI1S a-s j nlpo --.siliU' as for n man ' it is n question as to whether to walk on two legs of different .length. summer conditions. I alv ^ There is really no lu-nt time when m their case is an advantage, but They must choose one or the other. light should be turned on. It is nil a matter of convenience. Some people prefer to turn on the light from four to six in the nuirning and let the birds go to roost when they see fit in the evening. They claim that this is more natural in that the birds gel up as noon ua the light comes and tart scratching. Thpy go to roost at th usual time at night and are sure to be on the roots. Others will turn the light on for an hour or two in thc morning and an hour or two inj experience the evening, while some find it more ' ftl . hatch< convenient to turn the light on in thei assisted m afternoon before dark comes and then turn it off about nine or ten o'clock t night. fo|- 't c "'' ll immature pullets and fur Haal. This is r.ot the proper name tor ' older hens, will later pullets, briny them into . , vanta ,, o ulone purticular nod. but the generic '" vuniM. i -- > . hasten the development ol the, " production much earlier sometimes be the means late birds give a profit wise there would be none. The sameithc city from which Jezebel came. is true of liens that have been laying . fairly well during tho summer and heart of the people might be turned buck to Jehovah. It would have been little use for God to have revealed Himself anil vindicated Klijah un!c-: STOPPING THE BIG LEAK (he people willir..gly Above all. had t 1 .'pi in their hearts t r > suvh attestations., Farm forestry is another line which has excellent possibilities for keeping the men and teams at work in cold weather. Repair work, pruning the fruit trees and the removal of the brush cleaning and testing seeds. Someone has questioned thv Ul U- lmu ' kl>tin S the grain and live stock, te ovonomv in farming in northern j treating and s.mrpemng fence- posts. i vantage. It 1 one parucuip.i mi. m i.n- . ~ , ' ' J " " " " . : mak ng crates or oth->r container* re- r (h name for tlu- tods of the ( aiKiunites. desire for God, latitudes because of the wastt ot . * ".' ! "' ' 'I.itorally the word means "po.ssessor" V. 38. Tlic fire ol the Lord; pi.,1,- la boi- during the winter months. In ''"": and ^^ sharpening tools, bui.ding m into eK. or .. lord V The bawl was thx- trod who ably u light r- ing from heaven Sea ' ok i el . colln t r ies the handicap has been ! rack8 ' t>uttl K wood . lumbering, and r, ami willj owno( | thp lnll(1 aml Kuve its fertility ;, (Ven. 19: 1M. Tlw> author c-learl.v re- ; ovc ,. comc bv f arm manufiicturinir lni many more tasks can u!1 l>e - il ' tfe1 s of making pa( .|, | (U . a lity had its own Baal but in ! gaixls it as u miracle. , . ,-,., . ..... ^ hql i I down as possible work for the farmor when othcM'-! t his case it was the Raul of l>e, V. 39. Fell on their faces; terror- " K , ' "Y KT ( , ,1 . ,,, , 'li.ving the winter days. TI.. ;., r..~, ,..i.;,.u i n ,, n u^i ,. ... iri.rii-knn i snfh nn unnviiui ,l.i,nn. "f"' '" M probability ml a MrgW, * II. A Challenge, 22-24. V. V!'J. I, even 1 only. Elijah was stricken at such an unusual demon- 1in<i '" " probability that n larger, stration of Jehovah's railit.v and pow- ' and larger piu-centage of successful a ns we || ^ , lt their stupid mistake 1 farmers will Consist of those who have not previously recognizing him as worked out some program whereby Furnish the Barn. Barns- should be furnished as well under natural conditions will rest for a contest be- of 200 White Leghorns hatched . Juh , ov ' 1 ' 1 -,... ' V i' 1*4 11 |<l II t'OPO t 1 1 > 15th of Septcni'ber, electric : , W{ , PM ~ j' r hovh niul Hani by which Uie lighted brooden were used which gave, rfn ^ light all night loivg; and those pullets j was were laying by the t!)lh of Jiinuary. < strength litV. Application. A a rule, n liO-watl HhudiM to. but As long as the day id lengthened to from twelve to fourteen hours it is immaterial just what method i- adopt d to long a* the same method is fol-j lowed through the whole season. i ! )pn of Iw-nty-fivo birds. Care, however, mi.st he taken so that ">? ''R 1 ' 1 nrp " Ol " ll1 ' after the lights are turned on in the tlu> ''"' hould I"' PWea where the evonings the birds will get to roost' most illumination will spread over tho before the lights are turned out. To| floi>r - Whore electric lights are not insure this some H.-P dimmer-. Other*! 8Vai ' 8We ' " mimi)or of l)ar " "*> with reflectors have been hung on the wall with fair success. Other systems of illumination may be used but danger nf fire must be taken into consideva- 11 Jehovah iiiid Hani l.y which Uie " . ! reapoi-t than the man wh,o is conliv Cod would beepnae manifest; It Ino test ol true religion proposed not a struffglo h.-l-veeii. f.uporiov by Hij:,|, is n final test. It was this: > Uu ' K' 'ing of one 01 tvio cio igth and inferior, but " between i Let our faith be judged by its fruit. However, there nn many unporu ( on.l MI,. i, <(..i,>i< Tho !. It niBV \if that "lfw' Iriul'it.iim h;i< itles lor the Pood turiiHM' whuSc ___ _ will] reality and empty fir turn. The pro- : It may be that "later ti-a<Htion The man who is operating a diversi-j ishings. As I go about the country I lied farm is more fortunate in this | see many places where a few barn unfilled j furnishings would not only create a crops. I saving but add much to the comfort upnortun- : of the animals ns well as the man ities for the pood t'unner whose Ht- 1 doing the work. A !osj of a good ani-. nrfftcienl light for an ordinary! |het/ of Baal wen- to prepare a but- , ,>rerv-{ the memory of a lightning tention is required on many crop-* to, man through some item of poor hons- .i - . . -" - ' - <>- rk t'oi itice on their altar and rb-'h, and a downpour of rain." but in ! increase his net return-- for Uie > ear 'ing is so frequent that it scarcely the lights while ome claim that it is not n.-.-f - -i.- thuL the birds will 0011 get into thu habit of knowing jut when to take thc rooaf. On the electric light being turned lion - Automatic clocks for turning -on at nlfht, there is that difficulty ! " n "' "' ""' ''K hls au> n " '"'vantage tlWt the birds <innip|imea (fo to roost '" thai it is than done without any dtarly even though the light, is on. If extra i,Upnliim. Dimmers ure un ad- Mlil ii found to be the case it will be >'i""'K' if ll>> I'Bhl is used in Klijah was to do likewise sir his altar; | any event the tost of a the real (iod would conic clown and ! it really works, ami it consume his sa Plflce This was to be a whole burnt offering, ' is that thioujih the piolitabU- use of the idle j needs mention. BK-mliVes to the ud- brings forth . tinie of hoth men all j teams. In this! tiers of dairy cowi, calf cholera, abor- the pcopU- \ ;>i"'; ltl .'l *; rh(1 l>ff ' t ls ****** mat tor in individual farmer must pl:m;tiun. white scours, hog cholera and a becj.use the e of the vic-lim was unworthy. afrtruu'd that w( are to be 0! ' l> ' ' Only gen- score of other i. can be given. Logic- (of ten be prt?venteJ by better housing III. * 1.% H-H. I 1 H 1 II ; - V \ i I lil 1 I L i I I I I 1> O .T I ' 1 1 1 i> Ml 1 f~* J 1- C * l ' In be burnt n llu nll'ir. In anv other known by our fruits. Tlu- p.-oof of^'li.v the taramg of raw ti;rm mater- : of the scock. l.ood Murn furni i lurni of sacriticu only the entrails \vere I the reality of our faith is niU t.i be ials into marketable products offers truly make for economy in the hand!- on each farm. e:;r y you get u better selection. thought thai llie me.u- mention of the