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Address communications to AgMnomUt, 78 Adelaide St Weat. Toronte HEN-HOUSE LIGHTS HELP POULTRY PROFITS. During the last few years the sub- Storehouse or Junk Heap. A farmer friend of mine broke piece of harness the other day. He How IFeedPlafiU. . Plants grown in pots thrive much better for me if given some feeding. was in a hurry to get started, but the Plants that are kept in pots year after harness had to be fixed. After a half y.ear, like ferns and begonias, will re- hour's hunt he found his punch. quire constant feeding, as well as re- Then more time was lost in locating potting now and then. It Is bettor to the rivets and riveting machine. Then keep up liberal feeding than to repot came a hunt for a suitable piece of often. Repotting will always check leather. Every odd corner turned up the plant some, provided it has not be- but they are all relatively simple, In- its piece of leather, but they were come so crowded for root room that it expensive and reliable. Any one who neither the right size nor shape to is already checked. I have known has a mechanical turn of mind and a use. Another hour was lost, then the ferns to be kept growing well, with genius for invention can easily fix up farmer used a piece of rope and start- very little soil left in the pans, Just Home Education "Tfw Child's Flwt School to th rwnlly" froosol." Jct of artificial illumination for pou!-!* home . mada device a t a very small <1 out. EARLY BREAKFAST 0* LATB SUPPER. by feeding regularly and well. try flocks has been a topic of keen discussion. When the idea first be- came popular it was supposed that by j Poultrymen are employing several twice. If he had broken the same and growing normally if feeding will some psychological process the hen Sy8 em8 o f illumination which might pice of harness it would have taken beneftt it, and a weak plant is likely . _ J_ 1 11 . 4.1- _ A I. -. . . - I ., ~ * V. i n, 1 . . . t 1 _ * I t * , * A _ *_ _ l_ll _ J A.^' _l_ A 1 _ 1! I- A I could not help but compare thU I never feed a weak plant or a man to another farmer of my acqualn- sick one. A plant should be healthy summarized as follows: Morning light Evening light him just long enough to look Into a to be killed outright by even a light certain cupboard In the wagon house dose of plant food. Neither do I feed to know whether or not he had the plants when the soil is dry. The ! Combination of morning and 'ther. If he had found the leather, strength of the solution should be the rivets, punch and riveting machine weak at f.rst and gradually increased, were in their places on a shelf In while an application once In two weeks evening light. 4. Night lunch method. These possibly explain themselves. * ront * nls bench, and the only lost at first may be increased to weekly. Where morning light is used the lighte'' tlme would have been the minutes and with heavy feeders even to twice was made believe that she was going through two days instead of one and naturally the old erroneous adage, "An egg a day" would mean two eggs a day. The process Is purely a physiological one, however, and not one of psychology at all. At present we can find records at .. - . most college planU and experiment are turned on "about 4.00 a.m. and" off , actually consumed by the labor itself, a week. stations which all point in the same at daylight This system has an ad-| One man nad J ust B much stuff M For mixing into the soil, bone meal direction more winter eggs. vantage where electric lights are used. the ther. The former keeps a junk Is a safe fertilizer. Most of the pre- The underlying principle of artifl- No dimming device is required as is P ile - the latter a storehouse. His lum- pared plant foods have it as a baseJ cial illumination is a problem In feed- necessary with evening lights. Feed "JWW !g "% pilod-oak planks Nitrate of soda and ammonia are good ing. It is said that the crop of a hen and water can be put in the pens the for floor8 . wa f> n tongues, and so on, nitrogen carrier., and will make the will contain only enough feed to keep night before and the attendant get* *? ln ? P' le . ' en c* boards In an- foliage luxuriant and a deeper color, the digestive tract busy for a period away from late hours at work. ThU th<sr - , H )* * l * ar neatl y arranged Too much nitrogen Is likely to give of four or five hours. In other words.: system has a strong appeal to the '" r , ack * ln front of his work bench, foliage at the expense of flowers, and in the short winter day., a hen goes hired man whose Interest* in the even-' Na ' 18 - screws bolU and staples are to dull the colors of some of the fol- ( to roost about 4.30 or 6.00 p.m. We Ings are not in the chicken coop. "f* and ln *""* u P on their proper iage plants. Bone meal U rich in have always attempted to sen* her i The evening light U often used fne'J''. Each piece of machinery has phosphorus, and has some nitrogen, to bed with a full crop, but now we see where gasoline lanterns are used. The JJfJg <>' tools whlch ara never found _ A . H . ^ that this supply is going to be well on . HghU are put in at dusk and allowed . *~~ * I "?*S' ' V j^< There Is only one difference between English farmers learned during the I these two men. One taken a few min- war that sulphate of ammonia, of light. Its way before midnight Then where! to stay on until 8.80 or 9.00 p.m. Is the heat and energy to come from ' dimming device is necessary with this for body maintenance? We know that, system in order to get ths birds B! 3*J^2^?S** * m ? Ut .*!j in * ba ^! whlch the countr y had been exporting an animal body makes demands on the food and stored materials first for body maintenance. In other words, heat must be supplied. Broken-down tissue must be replaced, energy must be supplied and the natural secretion must be kept up. These functions we find take from three-fourths to four- fifths of all the feed consumed. The excess. If any, will be used for pro- duction, or in the case of a hen, for reproduction. We find that In the Correcting Fault* By Edith Lochridge Reid. Many a well-meaning mother 1 takes time, but very few prfnto ia laboring under a false idea of what children's discipline require vx really constitutes a training in right 'months if propwrly handled, i? we habits and proper attitudes in her make a child do a thing himself one child. Often she thinks she is cor-i time in ton, and then do it for him tho recting a fault when in reality she is I other nine times, it is absolutely en- only nagging at the child, or at best! ergy wasted all around, Just like sew- shootlng very wildly around the mark, i ing the new patch on the old garment Here is Edward. He ia careless with) which Is too thin and worn to hold his napkin. "I've been trying for six j the stitches. months to get him to fold it and put Training children is like a business it in the ring," his mother observed, | proposition : we get just what we go as we were clearing the table; "but after. If we invest patience, time and he does it only about one time in ten."; thought in the task of correcting a Now Edward's mother was actually child's habits the result* are inevit- sincere in her remark. Imagine! By ably successful. It isn't always easy, her own admission she had struggled nothing worth while is; but a -reek six months on the one little point of spent in correcting a fault takes leu discipline. At the next meal I watched attention and energy that nagging Edward. It was noon and before he for months with no definite object was quite through his lunch his boy achieved after all. chum rang the doorbell and Edward Another point is very important In dropped everything and dashed to correcting faults. Be very sure the school, of course, without folding his fault is a real one, that It bears di- napkln. At dinner that night, we rectly on character training. If It U were going for a ride and everyone not one on which you are willing to hurried, Edward Included, and no one expend time and patience to correct, paid any attention whether he folded then why mention it at all? But If a his napkin or not Without elaborat- habit is really annoying and one that ing any further, you mothers get the will prove embarrassing to the child point It would have taken perhaps and his friends through his life, then a week of time and patience to ait attack It at once and definitely and right there at the table and keep an finally uproot It Concentrate on that active boy right there also until he one thing until you and the child have had learned to fold his napkin auto- conquered It, and never again will you mutk-a]ly. Anything worth while have that particular trial to meet. * J *"- i ' ' V 1 ' 1 I' ' BE, W L I to I'll 11 o i*s I * . I " roost With lanterns this is accom- ! where the y belong. The other would thousands of tons, waa good for in- plished by gradually turning down the r * ther "Pend an hour hunting for creasing crop production. Now they f ht. " | things before he begins work at are using 230 per cent, more of this A combination system is commonly' least that ' 8 the impression you get. 1 product than before the great conflict. used by farmers who make a practice One knows where to la y his hand on of turning the HghU on in the morn-! wh ** he ha * ln Btore - If he <*<> not ing when going to do their chores, i d u he knows he d< *-' 8 not possess it. I find a six-inch rule the handiest' and again in the evening. The night lunch system consists of " ot findln * 't, he thinks that perhaps allowing the birds to go to roost as J* e has il but 8tl11 he is not BUre . 80 usual and putting the lights on about he bu >' 8 new. W. F. Messenger. thing in sewing, to turn hems, to The other hunts around awhile; then, ; measure widths in seams. M. R. M. Do you want something with a kick in it? Try milk. 8.00 o'clock for an hour while the short winter days the hen has a small j birds are given a feed of scratch feed, amount of excess food to be used for, This system is most economical on production, due to the short feeding fuel, the HghU being on but for a houro and the long hours of inactivity, short time. The economics of artificial lighting! It is considered that a fourteen-hour reveals an Increase in winter produc- ' d*y Is possibly the correct length of tien which means an increase in eggs lighting. We would not recommend when the price is high. While a slight Increase can be expected in early pro- durtion this U not great enough to profits. using lights in excus of that amount. IH.MM, BIROS I .V.M< 1 H, II IS. Birds under lights must be fed more Market-Type Demand in Hogs is Clearly Known Overseas Trade Will Not Wait for Breeders' Experiments. A profeasor at one of the Canadian should be kept in mind is that types for markets must conform to con-' agricultural colleges recently remark- ed: "What I should like to know is! i Kumers* taste and national likes or dis-i .: likes. For instance, a well known! why June grass, tha most perfect feed, wriu , r state8 that , EnK i aml the Prin." laying *.n tne y otherwise would and must w know ' ln , " da , ir , y cow Averted types of the Yorkshire and the Berk-! the winter * *P* Constantly busy. The birds into nc . h milk 8nd in a beef 8leer into shlre hav been 1 ulta ersed within and distribute it over . months while prices are bettor. I ur " '" heavier production and are ex- Electric, gasoline and kerosene. P e<1 to just as much severe weather, light* are used, but the most c-conom- Tne K rain ration should be increased. , **" l ' 8t 50 H *W- " Tn9 This pertinent question is evidence Yorkshire pig furnishes a striking In- of the newer spirit and trend overy- j stance of this transformation. In! leal and successful is electric current ! Fourteen pounds of grain per day to | ^ via.ble in livestock work. It Ultimo, gone by (never, it is hoped, to We find manTpeopa "i,g SoSt * hens would not be too much tru * . 'oods and feeds when return) the typical pig of the b.eedl light* and having celle,ft ^"S! This should *" P v <" ln four '"* ? umed Uke , on . the .. chm . rmct ?l f waa 5 OMI * d V> b ne short in tho They are not qulto as satisfactory, The commor practice where however, for a large plant, due to the U* ht * ar9 hein K " R " dhalr is to feed thei a " d . L h<>rn .! ind tissue-within the body labor in tending the hghU. Kerosene barn lanterns do not give very satis- v 00 8 - n r < th " el'-" a me animal. The tcchni- factory results. Automatic devices dinner, and again before the birds go can readily be arranged for electric * rooit - Th * !nst Deeding should be lights, thus reducing materially the tho n 6 *^ 6 " 1 ' with liberal feeding in labor. Where electric current is avail- tno morn ' n lf- If tho bjrds do not con- b!n two will light a pen 18x20 quite nicely. These lijfhU should be arranged at a ln the ft ca l explanation of this is a matter afu r forty or fifty W. T. lights sumo 'V* 8 m<>"'ii> "t grain they are a pen 18x20 quite nicely. ur e to^ose in wri K ht and go to pieces ' nash ls k Pt be- point slightly forward of the middle fore the blrds at ftjl times. It Is ad- of the house and spaced about evenly visaljle to increaHe the corn content from the ends. This reduces the ton P r cent " to ai<1 ln maintaining Tn Common practice is being used is shadows to a minimum. A single light body wei K ht tends to produce more shadows The where v ening lights may be fastened to a rafter or to fee<1 ihrve tilncs a da y on f rain - In joist It is not necessary to drop the tho mornln K ul)out ^roe pounds; at light closer than six or six and one- no " uhout Uvo P unds ' ttnd t dusk half feet from the floor'. A reflector " bout three pounds per hundred birds, will aid materially In lighting up the Then whcn the lighta are turne <l " floor area. One gasoline lantern will focdin K of about six pounds. illuminaU a pen 18x20 quite effl- In add 'toin to the alx>va methods, elently. Since lighting is essentially a feed- care must bo taken to keep a supply of clean water before the birds at all ing practice it will be seen that it times. This is sometimes difficult in munt be very regular and never fail- morn ' n K8 whcn the water freezes over ing. This has led to the use of sev- ' n 'K ht If thero is . snow on the und oral automatic dovices being invented dum P tne water in the evening and to turn tho 1ihU on and off. This Is fil1 the dilt h (!S w "h snow. This will practical only where electric lighU ^ ve ve T K od results unt il water can arc available. Many large plants usa I)O su PI )licd a little lat *r in the morn- time Kwitch. This Is an Instrument inK> Do not ne *lect the green foed designed to turn tho lights on and off and oyst * r shc11 ' automatically. While the original cost is rather high it is doubtless a good in vestment on a large plant rr , _ where many birds are being kept We' winter by" turn ing "tho lighu"ojr"too have, however, many simple home- suddenly in the spring. Any sudden madu devices which rank with equal, change must be avoided and we uxual- BatiKfaction and at a much less cost, ly tnke from two to three weeks to These usually consist of alarm clock complete Uie change, cutting them attachments. Possibly the Rimplest ij| down gradually n few minutes each an ordinary tumble switch net outjday. This should be done about April from tho wall. Tho alarm clock is them 15. W.- plnn on having the li K ht,H off placed *o the winding stem in turning] by May 1. The onrly and late feeding throws the KwiU-h over. I have HMI must bo continued even M'verul modifications of this siuiic idua lights nro turned off. LIMIT:; IN ril'KIMi. Many personK using lights have had an unhappy ending to a productive after tho Distributing Liquid Manure. A prosperous farmer who ownod two hundred acres of valuable land ul.Mi maintained a largo herd of dairy cutlla The barns were carefully cared far, and all refuse was collected in a manure pit One end of the pit contained it sump In which the liquidx ran. Since this in diameter was aLUched to the out- for scientists. But the result is some- thing which interests intelligent live- stock men in what Is confessedly the most practical way through their pockets. Is not the broad reason for the dif- fering usea of tho same feeding ma- terial by different animals duo to whut is becoming better known us "type"? In hogs the effect Is very plainly ex- emplified. In a wide sense genorul hog feed fed to a "select" type tends -i .> jt, enormously heavy in the jowls and thick in the shoulder, with back is an animal of a* chuructor . . well' wide and fat, legs long, bone round: and coarse and a carcass of immense ' weipltl, mainly comprising lard, hido and bone. At the present tun. tna large Yorkshire totally different I formed, compact, tine in bone, deep in' carcass and carrying much lean meat I ... in infinitely better demand at: much higher prices." Would that not be better expressed by saying that the market type of the Yorkshlro breed WUB altered to MI it consuming taste? | It is well known that on this con- to become muscular tissue of lean with tinent there are two well marked var- The "'Why" in Export Bacon Hogs A "Wiltshire side" of bacon as exported la sold in one piece, shoulder, middle and hum. The diagram tells why Canadian hogs should bo long-bodied. The best weight "Wiltshire side" is about 60 Ibs.; this can be cut from a 200-lb. hog of "select" quality. inter-larded fat, or streaked bacon.! ietics in some breeds of swine 01 whicl Fed to a heavy Duroc-Jerscy or Po- Herkshires arc the outstanding cx-| land-China the same feed lu-comus fat, ample, one definitely lard type and tha lard and Rreiise. True, an excess of Bother approximating the bacon type, fat- forming foods would tend to make It will, of course, be possible to keep mating within these let The exhaust''prpo"was""con 1 tiniicd " 1)licon n K fllt ' l>ut in tha main - " on back of the muffler, and it terminated' <-nr " is taken in this regard, "type" | breeds no as to produce a clear line, liquid represented thn most valuable' dustpan. juot beneath the re.ar etui of the tank. Fifty cents paid for H heavy gal- vanized iron 'l'i ip.u of xuitahlu ty|>e. This was soldered on tho pipe and the 'r:i in also Holderod, HO that the ex- haust would emorire and spread fun- wine across tho upper sido of the part of the tnati'iro it was hauled out onto the fields us fut as it ac- cumulated. lint so much time was consumed when disposing of It in tha usual man- ner that a more economical means was sought Tho farm owner had a two- ton track, which was a sorj) of a gen- eral-purpose conveyance. It was de- rided to equip this with a tank and, by means of the exhaust gases front the engine, spray tha liquids over tht fields. Tha tMtfc -to;l three hundred gal- lon*. 4 faraot nls eighths of an tuuh is tho llrHt requisite in the production of a market clnsH. Type is not breed, though It is hard to know whore typo burdens into breed and where breed blends with for that ia tho way in which in the past breeds have been evolved. But' it is a long and costly process so far' ns Canada is concerned. Our market' I is clearly set for one type. We must type. After all, both are the result of | get that typo on our farms by tho rtxcd characteristics: breed definitely | shortest possible method. separuted after selective croHsings and on from (;<'!ioration to gencra- lear. A short piece of hose was attached to the faufiot and brought to within! " and type pin-hups the name thing two inches of this outlet. After roach- w ' thin breeds but not yet clear in the ing the field, the driver set the faucet line though in the process of becom- to discharge tho proper quantity, then went on over tho Aold, the exhaust throwing tho liquid over an area from six to fifteen feot wide, depending upon the rate of dlflmrge. The great problem Is to learn how to fain wealtn honestly and efficient- ly and to distribute it justly whllo, at tno niimn time, we conUnua to live to- gether as neighbor*. ing c In tho bacon hog we know that the charncteristics or the mar!ra of a type to suit Canada's heat market and it must ha clearly understood that other types are ns important for other mar- kets- are the long body, with an in- horn capacity to form lean, tender flesh quickly. In addition tho "type" must be ready to take a "finish" as near to 200 Ibs. aa can be. What One thing is sure; the overseas bacon market will not stand still for us tho long years tiecossary to build-, ing up new types from lard hogs. In 1 other words, if Canadian farmers in' largo numbers do not "get after" this' valuable overseas market in bacon by the shortest possible route and furnish' It with that which it dcmandx somo other farmers will. That has been the secret of Danish success. Why bother with what will not pay? Lot us in Canada feed our hop feeds to types that wo know will suit our Irado and yield, year in year out, the margin over cost that the world calli profit THE CHILDREN'S HOUR HIDE-AND-GO-SEEK WRITING. Little folks love jokes just as much as do grown-ups, and they are always anxious to turn the tables on their | playmates, and even big folks. Here is a little surprise trick that' you can fool your little friends with.j and perhapa papa and mamma. Let us call it hide-and-go-Eeek writ- ing. First, squeeze the juice f a lemon in a thoroughly clean ink bot- 1 tie, being sure that every trace of ink' has been removed. With a new steel pen point write with this fluid on ordinary writing paper. The writing will be invisible and' you will have to be careful to have plenty of the fluid on your pen. After this Is thoroughly dry, press it firmly I with a hot iron and you will be sur- prised to see the writing plainly. It would be fun to write several lines on a sheet of paper and when daddy comes home from work to-night, to ask him what is on the sheet When he tells you he can see nothing, pass the hot iron over the paper and sur- prise him by letting him read it Try this, too, when your little friends come to visit you in the after- noon to play games. With the lemon ink write the names of half of those present on a slip of paper and pass them to those whoso names you did not write. Whcn they press these slips with a hot iron, they will learn who their opposite player will be lnj the next game. ^ WHY ROLLY RABBIT LIVES ALONE. "This Is surely a fine evening," said Bruin. "The cool air makes my bee stings feel much better. Those hor- rid bees I I'm afraid I shall run every time a see one now." "Oh, they won't bother you unless you molest them," replied Roily Rab- bit "Hut when you do trouble them, they are suucy fellows." Roily had just brought a chair out on the porch alongside Bruin's. He had finished up the supper work and was ready to enjoy the evening with his guest and newly made friend. "You have a very pretty place here for your house," said Bruin,3' an d such near neighbors." "They are old settlers around here. Sammy Squirrel lives over there," said Roily Rabbit, pointing to the north. "Ho is a good fellow and makes a fine neighbor. "Over there, pointing to the east, "is Willy Woodchuck's house; and just beyond there is where Charlie Chipmunk lives." "What a fine lot of neighbors," he said. "Yes, but it doesn't seem like home any more," said Roily with a sigh. "You look so sad, kind friend. May I ask why?" questioned Bruin. "I do not like to bother others with my misfortunes, but seeing that you ask me, I will tell you," said Roily Knbbit. "Perhaps you have noticed that 1 live alone here." "Yes, 1 eaid Kriun, "and ever slnco I came I have wondered why." "This is th reason," exclaimed Roily. "It happened just about this time last year. Mrs. Roily Rabbit and I were out after some early dewber- ries. We went to the patch whore we hud always picked them. Finding nono, we wandered far away to the edge of tho Big Woods. Wo wore both very careful, for wo had heard of some of our neighbors who had gone out there and never came back. Just when we were both real bur.y picking berrios, I looked up and saw " Here big tears began to roll down Roily Rabbit's chicks. Bruin felt very sorry for him. But Roily went on, "I SHW a big man with one of those horrid bang-bain? things pointing right at my wife. I was faint and hollered 'run.' Just then there was a terrible 'bang.' I ran aa fast as I could and hid in some bushes. In a few minutes I peeked out What I saw I shall never forget ! The big man was going away with Mrs. Roily Rabbit's hind feet hanging out of his big pocket That was the last I saw of her." I Fooled Dad. My dad doesn't believe in bothering with accounts, but he cornea to me time and again and asks how we are coming with this cattle deal and that crop. I'm for accounts, and exacting ones, all the time. Because we keep accounts we know the cheaper method of fattening out cattle. We know the cost of hired labor at harvest of each crop. We don't need to gamble and wait foi high market*, for we sell when out cost figures are covered by a fair margin of profit in the market We've learned what crops in differ- ent fields pay more raor the fertilizing costs, and why. Labor and time ex- pended are all figured out. Not a sale or purchase in made but is entered in the right departmental column. My account of Mother's chick In- cubation and final sale was proof that when she thought she was making big profit she was barely covering costs. Accounts showed that her vegetable city sales were bringing her big pro- fit She added acres on both sides ot her vegetables patches and made let- tuce her star seller and profit winner. I've proved to Father that one big truck of high horsepower did more service and cost less in upkeep than the two small trucks we had the yeai previous, figuring cost, repair, and gasoline. All these little accounts mean more, intelligent farming, with a complete, knowledge of all branches of farm cost The savings made have paid tor my typewriter, book supplies, and many farm improvements, and have made farming 100 per cent, more In* tercsting to me. I. 8. Sods for the Pigs. Before it freezes up store a wagon load or two of good, tough, green soda away in the barn cellar, pit o^ shed. Such will be very useful to toss into the pig pens now and again during- the winter months. The pigg need mineral matter and this is an easy, cheap and efficient way to give it t them. Would Craze Him No Doubt. \Vlfie (in humor for fun) ---"How do you like my new Kgypttan vase effect dress? Of course. U' guaranteed not to crack nor crazo." Hubby - "Won't crack nor craze, eh? It'll craze me to pay for It, I don't doubt," ,j ___ Democracy loses much through its apathy toward experts. Co-operatives can weather the storms when founded on the rock of fidelity, but not on the sands of dlaJ trust Whatever progress is made in oui( rural program will come largely aa. the result of education and organis*] tion. There &re suid to tie 8,424 languages and dialects in the world, of which America has \,024, Ajia 987, Europe ">' , and Africn 871