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%9WS %^^£ Ctmmentary on th« Hichlighb of the Week's News MAN OF THE HOUR -C'aptuiu An- thony Kdeu who resigued Febru- ary :;0 :is Hrltisb KorciRn Secretary because he could not tolerute the Governiuont's policy of negoliatiiig at that time with the dictators, is look(>d upon by many as a knight- In-Bhiuing-armor-ona-whitehorse. A deliverer. The Ideal Britisher In- carnate. For several nioiulis following his rfslRnatiou Anthony Kdcn kept strictly In the backKround, leaving the field clear for his former Chief, Trime Minister Chamberlain, to put his theories into practice. But now, coinciilental with a rise of popular feeling against the Ciovern- ment's policies (as they are work- ing out in Spain, for instance), he Is emerging from his retirement, may step into the arena again. As a potential British leader, Eden has tremendous drawing-pow- er. Should he then once more take tip the cudgels in defense of the League of Nations and collective lecurity. he would carry a large percentage of the British popula- tion with hir-. DAY-AND-A-HALF WEEK-END â€" A progressive businessman in one cf our more upand-comiug Western Ontario towns is suggesting to the local branch of the Ketail Merch- onts' Association that shops and places of business close sharp at 12.30 Saturday noon of each week Instead of keeping open till all hours Saturday night. He would have a national half-holiday, pro- claimed for every Saturday after- noon and a day-and-ahalt week-end for the whole population. Farmers In the surrounding area could do their week's shopping and vi.siting on Friday night instead. Tired clerks and business people would have a chance to rest up before Sunday and be able to come back refreshed to start their ne.xt week's work. We believe that our progressive businessman has something. It is to be hoped that his suggestion will be noticed, taken up and acted up- on. . . By Elizabeth Eedy plete and full mastery of the Medi- terranean can permit one and tho other to develop Its social and eco- nomic energies." Which doesn't exactly fit in with Ureat Britain's program iu the Mediterranean, we would say. WHAT ITALY WANTSâ€" The au- llinritative Ilaliau newspaper Gior- nale d'ltalia setting forth Italy's stand in the Spanish embroglio de- clares: "No conriicl of interests di- vides or can divide Italy and Spain, who by defending freedom in the Mediterranean are defcmllng their indopondcnce as nalioiis. Only com- BACK TO THE WjLDSâ€" History tells us that this country originally belonged to the Indians. Then the French took it away from them, and the Kngllsh look it away from the French. The Indians, once a fierce and powerful race, became to a certain extent a subject people, living in "reserve" areas. The Indian problem today in Canada is becoming increasingly hard to deal with. A kind of pseu- docivilizution has been imposed on the Indians by their close contact with white people; tuberculosis Is taking a terrible toll of Indian lives; inroads by white trappers and hunters have almost destroyed their livelihood, the hunting and trapping by which Indians used to support themselves. Constructive suggestions for dealing with the Indian problem were advanced in the House at Ot- tawa last week by Superintendent- C^neral of Indian Affairs Crerar. Plans, he said, are already under way in the Northwest Territories to set aside large areas where In- dians may pursue their ancient vo- cation of trapping and hunting un- distuibed by the white man. He would advocate also that efforts be made to train Indians as guides and forest workers, park attendants and to teach them woodcraft and bead work. NEW PACT MOOTEDâ€" Under con- sideration at the present time is a pact ot mutual assistance between France and Turkey. On the sur- face this may not appear to be very important, but should an agreement be reached, it would provide Prance with a contact with her powerful ally, Russia, through the Dardan- elles, should the north route be- tween France and the Soviet Union be blocked by Germany in the event of hostilities. The treaty would also serve to link. France more strongly with the Little Entente (Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Uoumania) and the Bal- kan Entente (Turkey, Greece, Rou- mania and Yugoslavia), all of which countries Germany and Italy are trying to attach to the Rome-Ber- lin a.\is. Capsules Reduce Accident Hazard Canada's Field Crops Are Close To Normal Fall Wheat Only Slightly Below Year Ago Dominion Bureau of Statist'.s Report Indicates. Spring Wheat and Coarse Grain:. Show Improvement. Condition figures for all field crops in Canada at the end of May were all close to normal and, with the exception of Fall wheat, were well above the condition figures at the same time last year, the Domi- nion Bureau of Statistics reports. Fall wheat prospects in Ontario are only slightly below those ot a year ago, while Fall rye conditions In the I'ralrle Trovinces are notab- ly better than In 1937. Spring wheat and coarse grains are showing a considerable Improvement over their condition at this date a year ago, as a result of more normal moisture conditions in tho I'rairie Provinces, including the grass- plaina area which last year was so markedly affecli'd hy drought. Pasturage Better Pastures and forage crops are greatly Improved In the West, and are considerably better In Ontario and Quebec this year in the ab- sence of an open Winter which ra- •ulted In Winter-killing a year ago. In Ontario, tlie bulk of the Spring grain was planted from 10 days to two weeks earlier than last year, and la now in about average con- dition. Germination has been good and most fields show an even stand. Fall wheat ha.-! made excellent growth except in Western Ontario whore quite a few Holds are report- ed a little thin and patchy. Present prospects, however. Indicate an al- most average yield. Old alfalfa fields were badly Winterkilled. Other hay and clover, and new •eedlngs of alfalfa are generally making satlafuctory growth. Pas- tures are ^lod for this lime of year. High Death Rate From Pneumonia The slight decline In pneumonia mortality In the last flfteen years !• Inslgniflcant, compared with the tferllna In deaths from such commu- Aâ€" nicabic diseases as tuberculosis and diphtheria. Dr. A. H. Sellers, Medi- cal Statistician of lh« Ontario De- partment ot Health, told delegates to the Ontario Health Ofllcers' As- sociation's 24th annual convention in Toronto last week. "The death records," he pointed out, "make It quite clear that pneu- monia is quite prevalent through- out Ontario. As a cause of invalid- ism and death, It far exceeds all the communicable diseases of child- hood, and very tew acute conditions have such a high death rate." Pneumonia, he slated, ranked fourth among the chief causes ot death in Ontr io, with 60 per cent, of all pneumonia deaths occurring at home. Volcano Drives Native Insane Another Dies of Fright When Six-Day Eruption in Philip- pines Reaches Climax Smoke and flames shot from Ma- yon volcano In the Plillippinos with great violence last week, terroriz- ing the populace of Albay Province and causing the death of one man through fright. The sixday eruption of the 7.000- foot peak mounted in Intensity, causing fear that tho climax ot the volcano's activity was yet to come. Hepoils from the village ot Pawa said one man there died of fright while the sight of the flaming vol- cano, which had been quiet for 10 years, had driven anoilier man In- sane. Earthquakes Accompanied After a night of cluae-up obser- vation, Rev. Miguel Selga, director ot the Manila Weather Bureau, ex- pressed apprehension that the acti- vity of the crater might be graver than Ht flrst was Indicated. Light earthquakes accompanied the rumb- lings from the crater. More than 16,000 villagerH of the area 2U0 miles southeast of Manila have vacated their homos and have sought safety from the lava flow from the volcano which caused the death of 1,200 peopi* la an arup- tlon la'ltlK. May One Day Be Used By Mo- torists to Guarantee Safe Driving â€" Improve Vision It may not be long before an au- tomobile driver will swallow % cap- BUle to help keep him out of motor- ing accidents at night. That procedure was hinted at In experiments reported in an Ohio Medical Journal arlicli". The capsule is filled with caro- tenein-oil, a potent source ot vita- min A. Vitamin A improves vision In the dark, reducing eye strain and fatigue, two big causes of motor sniash-ups. Use ot the capsule as "safe driv- ing medicine" was indicated iudl- rectly by tho experimenters: Dr. Ralph C. Wise, eye specialist of Manslicid, O.. and Dr. O. H. Shet- tier ot the medical department of tho Westinghouse Electric Com- pany. Relieves Eye Fatigue The Ohio Journal article on the Wise-Shettler work was devoted entirely to the primary concern ot the experiments â€" relieving eye fa- tigue among certain types of In- dustrial workers and thus improv- ing the workers' general health and capacity for work. The article reported that by giv- ing the workers three carotene-In- oil capsules daily, vision was so improved that the efficiency of col- or-matching inspectors in a mer- chandising plant was increased more than 7a per cent. Improves the Health As a by-product ot the tests, the article said, the ex..erinienter3 dis- covered an appreciable improve- ment in the workers' health. Another by-product, the doctors disclosed in connection with the ar- ticle, was the capsules' effect on night driving. A number of employees, be said, reported that whereas they had dreaded night driving prior to tak- ing the capsules, they found motor- ing no longer a strain after using the medicine. Germans Suggest Economic Empire Papers Cite British Treaties As Example for Balkan Areas Two German newspapers are urging the campaign ' for Reich economic hegemony in the rich Balkans and Danubian Basin be furthered by according "domin- ion" status to those areas under a system of accords similar to those evolved for the British Common- wealth of Nations by Imperial Conferences of the past. The Berliner Boersen Zeitung, criticizing the "incomprehension" of the democracies of "problems" facing Czechoslovakia's Sudeten Germans and other Southeastern European issues, said the Balkans and the Danubian Basin must be tied to the Reich just as the sev- eral Dominions are linked with Greta Britain. With Preferential Tariff. The newspaper Germania, in suggesting an economic plan in which the equivalent of a colon- ial empire would be achieved by preferential tariffs modelled after the British Empire's economic agreements, contended that the Reich and Italy should play the central role. Enjoying primary links with them would be Hun- gary, Yugo-SIavia, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Spain and the Spanish colonies. On the border of the economic "commonwealth" would stand Poland, Rumania, Turkey and Japan. Plan Would Shift Half Population Within 72 Hours The Hrilish Goverunienl and the railway companies have worked out a plan under which .1,500,000 peo- ple could be moved at least 50 miles from London by rail In 72 hours, Geoffrey Lloyd, Under-Secre- tary to the Home Offlcn, told the House of Commons last week. A plan for reception ot such re- fugees, In the event of an emer- gency, and their disposal In rural areas, also was drawn up, said Mr. Lloyd as he terminated for the Gov- ernment a debate on air raid pre- cautions. Bomb-Proof Sheltera Karlier Sir Samuel lloare. Home Secretary, revealed details of other preparations to protect populations of large cities. He staled trench and dug out air raid shelters accom- modating up to 1,500,000 people could be built in London'^ open spaces. HU personal opinion, formed at- ler consultation between Home Of- flce experts and ohsei vers of severe bombings In Barcoloua and other Spanish (iovernment cities. Sir Samuel said, was that It was better to disperse the population of a raid- ed city in numerous aniall shelters than to try to cone«ntrate them i" vast Hndergronnd cons(^l^â- l ?<•(" NUXT WEEK IN THIS PAPER A NEW ' FEATURE WILL START ARE you LISTENING? Snappy Microphone Gossip About the Week's Radio Programs and Personalities .... By Freddie Tee WATCH FOR IT ! - VOICE CANADA THE EMPIRE THE WORLD AT LARGE o/ the PRESS CANADA Five Kinds of Wolves The Sault Star says there are three kinds of wolves in Algoma â€" the timber, the brush and the coyote. What about the other two â€" the human wolf and the wolf at the door? â€" St. Thomas Tiraea- Journal. It Goes Often, Anyway An Ontario dean asserts that coining of the Canadian five-cent pieces "was a curse to the Church." Still, it may be said for the nickel that it goes to church oftener than the bigger coins or dollar bills. â€" Montreal Gazette. Not So Far From War The real point is that Canada is not so far away from war dan- gers as the more complacent Canadians imagine. Even in the Great War an attempt was made to blow up a factory in Windsor. That was just a taste of what might be expected in the way of incidents in these days of improv- ed ways of killing people â€" Wind- sor Daily Star. Why Not Cut Sales Tax? It has been pointed out that the Canadian National Railways sys- tem pays about $5,000,000 annual- ly in sales tax. In other words, the amount may be reckoned as part of the deficit met through taxation. The sales tax is also a substantial item in the cost of goods purchased by school boards and other municipal bodies. If it cannot be abolished it ought at least to be reduced from the pres- ent high level. â€" Woodstock Sen- tinel-Review. Hit-and-Run Cowards Six hit-and-run accidents, one death and four persons injured during the week-end: That is a pretty Monday morning reflection for any so-called civilized com- munity to get of itself. How long ia Ontario going to allow it to go on'.' How many people have to die unattended in roadside ditches be- fore public opinion moves against this most contemptible of cow- ards? Where do we draw the line between a man who deliberately murders and one \w(io, knowing he lia.s injured another, sneaks off to let him die, so inhumanly, perhaps needlessly? â€" Toronto Globe and Mail. well the re- may For Our Canadian "Cities .\nother thing that might be standardized throughout Dominion is the population quired before a community be incorporated as a city, many years an Ontario town could become a city if it possessed a population in excess of 10,000, and it has been repeatedly sug- gested that Brockville should take advantage of that stipulation and get out of the ranks of the towns in which she has been situated since 1832. Within recent years, however, the provincial lawmakers have raised the standard, and 15,- 000 is the population now retjuir- ed of a community before it may legally attain cityhood. At that rate, it appears that Brockville will have to wait for some years before it joins the other cities of tho Province. But in Manitoba a place may still become a city when it has 10,000 or over. In Alberta, a city means a community of 5,000 or more, and in British Columbia it is actually the law that any place with 100 male inhabitan's may become incorporated as a city. â€" Brockville Recorder and Times. The EMPIRE "Sauce for the Goose ..." If the Spanish war end.s with a victory for the insurgents while the Czechoslovak (|uestion is still in the balance, France will find herself faced not only with the iicrman menace to her ally but with an Italy able and willing to rai.ie all sorts of trouble in the .^iediten.-neni'. to cut the sea • ruhfti to the F-ei-h colonies, per- haps to help General Franco in some demonstration against the French frontier. This state of things is only to be ended if France admits Italy's right to in- tervene in Spain while forbidding herself the mildest of counter- measures. The logical and suffi- cient answer to this is obvious enough. If Signer Mussolini con- siders that France is "intervening" dangerously in the Spanish war he has the remedy of declaring for genuine intervention on all sides. France, Britain, and all the peaceable States of Europe would be overjoyed to see all "volun- teers" withdrawn from Spain, all supplies of war materia! stopped. There is not much doubt that the civil war would 'end quickly enough if its conduct were left to the Spaniards themselves. But if Italy will not agree to non-in- tervention then she should have no right to complain even if the in- tervention of other Powers were on a scale to match her own. Famous Skull Is Restored to Body VIENNA.â€" The skull of Franz Joseph Haydn, eighteenth century Austrian composer, is to be re- stored to the rest of the body, from which it was separated 129 years ago. Mayor Hermann Neu- bacher has ordered the skull, for years the property of the Vienna Men's Singing Society, returned to the resting place of the body in the Burgenland town of Eisen- stadt. Haydn died in 1809 at the age of 77. Two days after his funeral the skull was stolen from his coffin. According to an old York.shire superstition, cutting a child's nails during the first year of his life will cause him to grow up a thief. British Films Try G>meback $8,750,000 WiU Be Spent la Effort to Win Mburkct*â€" Filming Gilberi St Sul- livan in Colors Pinewood Studios (Iver. Bucks) has announced that £1,750,000 (|8,- 750,000) will be spent on films there In the next few months. This means work for 2,000 people until the end of October. Behind the announcement lies a ''big push" to establish British films firmly on the world's mar- kets. Although Pinewood was only completed 18 months ago with cries that it would never be a suo- cess the company behind it may prove the real pioneers of a coma- back in British films. The most expensive films will be a colored version of Gilbert and Sullivan's "Mikado" costing £200,- 000. Work will start on that wlthia the next two months, and it will ba followed by "Yeoman ot the Guard," involving another £100,000. "There is a boom coming, and we are ready for it. Our studios ars capable ot producing any film, no matter how ambitious it may be. â- 'It is now the finest studio in the country and in many respects su- perior to Hollywood." ,.1 . 1 Chemist Serves As Caterpillar Now, instead of carefully guard- ing millions of caterpillars, pro- viding them with bushels of mul- berry leaves and waiting patient- ly for the preverse creatures to spin their silk-covered cocoons, the chemist takes a short-cut and turns plant material into "silk" without an intermediary. The mulberry leaf consumed by the silkworm contains cellulose, the principal raw material used in the manufacture of rayon. But the fibres of silk and rayon are quite differ-ent chemically. Tha chemist chooses the spruce tree and cotton plant as his source of highly purified cellulose. The silkworm is also a chemist, but it changes cellulose into a filament that is chemically a pro- tein compound, extruding through two organs called spinnerets. This makes several important differ- ences in the end products. One is that silk demands, different dyes than rayon in order to achieve best results. Another im- portant difference is that while nothing can be done to govern the size of fibres spun by the worm, rayon can be spun any de- sired size from filaments finer than silk to others more coarse than horsehair. Likewise, chemicals can be used to modify or control the degree of lustre or dulness of rayon yarn. ,j«>**<"K»^':":«>:":.*<..>«.:.«.>.>.:.^ I <'t^'b^'»<»^.:f<-i"»<"><f^<f><'^'^^^^'»^^^'>^ NAMES £1 NEWS II 1; * Epoch-Making Discovery Iu March of 1922, the discovery was announced to the world of aai extract obtained from the "islands" (special little groups ot tissue) of the pancreas ot animals which when injected into a human belac with diabetes would overcome faul- ty oxidization iu the body (inabil- ity to utilize starches and sugars) and cure the disease. Dr. Banting and his co-worker, C. H. Best, received tremendous ao- claim throughout the world for their discovery. Dr. Banting was awarded with the Nobel Prize tha following year, the youngest man to win it. He has since been hon- ored by mauy medical and scien- tific bodies of this and other lands. During the past tew years while he has been Professor of Medical Research at the University ot Tor- onto, Sir Frederick has interested himself in cardiac diseases, cancer research, prev ntlon of silicosis, a specific tu cure iafantlle paralysis: he has invest' -ated the qualities ot the royal jelly ot the giant bee, be- lieving it might contain properties capable ot prolonging lite. He has discovered -ny uses for Insulin; in a shock treatment tor mental dis- eases: in cases of malnutrition: la lessening the effects ot Infectious diseases. More and More Research With i-egard to the search for a cure for cancer. Sir Frederick re- cently said: "The solution ot tha cancer problem probably will not come by chance, but by further re- search. What Is needed In the treatment for cancer is a specific" Research and more research is what he calls for. At present Dr. liantiug Is Chair- man of I he Associate Comiuitlee on .Medical Research ot tha National Research Council of Canada. This summer he ;>lans to tour the Domla- ion from coast to coast, visitinc each of the principal centres In tura to leiini at first band of the scle» tiflc work la progress hers. SIR FREDERICK BANTING K.B.E. Recognized tho world over as the scientist who made one of the most Important discoveries of our times, the cure for diabetes. Sir Frederick Grant Banting, K.H.K.. has given Canada reason tor taking great pride in such a native son, a bene- I'actor to humanity, and a truly remarkable man. Born 4i years ago in Alliston, Ontario, Frederick Banting attend- ed the local pul>lic and high schools and passed on to the study ot medi- cine at the I'niversity ot Toronto. After graduation, he enlisted with the C. A. M. C. lor service over- seas, was wounded at Gambrat, de- corated with the Mllitaiy Cross. Following the war he entered "the Sick Chlldrens Hospital, Toronto, as resident surgeon, shortly going to London, Ontario, where he join- ed the staff ot the University of Western Ontario, working with the Physiology Department. Iu 1921 the young scientist came to Toronto. l)n May 16th of that year he began his epoch-making research into the Internal secretion of the pancreas, experimenting with dogs and on himself. a* • 4 . --1