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Wednesday, June 9, 1999 n ib UARVlLLfc BbAVtK e j A safety innovation credited with saving lives and prevent­ ing injuries in millions of auto­ mobile collisions worldwide - the three-point safety belt, developed by Volvo celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. Few people recognize the name Nils Bohlin, yet everyone who rides in an automobile knows of his invention: the three-point safety belt. Bohlin, a Volvo safety engineer, devel­ oped the three-point belt in 1958 and one year later it became standard front-seat equipment for Volvo models sold in Europe. Bohlin's invention has been heralded worldwide as one of the most important technologi­ cal advances of the past centu- Foundation, are encouraging Canadians to use their seat belts to help reduce traffic injuries and fatalities this busy holiday weekend and in the long-term. According to NORP, the increased use of seat belts since 1989 in Canada has resulted in an estimated 3,400 lives saved, 77,000 injuries avoided, and $6 billion saved in social and health care costs. Seat belt, use has increased in Canada from 75 per cent in 1989, to 92 per cent in 1998 for drivers, and to 89 per cent for all occupants. "Seat belt use is one of the simplest and most cost-effec­ tive means of reducing motor vehicle related injuries and deaths," said Christine Gardner, chair of NORP. "Each of us has a responsibility to buckle-up and to ensure children are prop­ erly secured every time we travel in a vehicle." In 1958, Bohlin came to Volvo in Sweden from the air­ craft industry, where he worked on jet ejector seats, including restraints. When he began developing an automotive seat belt, he realized that a truly effective safety harness would need to restrain both the chest and lap, fit people automatical­ ly in the most advantageous position, stay in position under extreme stress and be anchored low alongside the wearer for maximum safety and comfort. His solution - today standard around the world - was innova­ tive, simple and extraordinarily effective. In a study of 28,000 collisions in Sweden after the belts were introduced in some Volvo models, the Bohlin belts were more than 60 per cent effective in saving lives and preventing injuries in colli­ sions. - This study became a key tool in encouraging seat belt legislation in many jurisdic­ tions around the world. Spark plugs are the window to the soul of the engine in your ^ car. The color, condition and the deposits left at the tip of the plug ail mean something different is going on inside your engine. Here's a handy guide to tell how your engine is / running, based on the appearance of the plugs. ^ ....... Area Fused spots: Look for melted of detail deposits resembling bubbles or blisters. C ause: Sudden acceleration. Plug c nnHr can be cleaned if spotting is light, ° P ar* otherwise replace. P'u9 O verheating: A white, or light-colored insulator highlighted by electrodes that have a scorched blue color. v. C ause: Engine overheating, wrong fuel, too hot' a plug, improper timing, low fuel pressure. Replace the plug. Normal: Plug has fight- colored deposits on me C arbon fou led: Plug looks like it has a layer of black fluff on it. C ause: Fuel mixture not being properly burned. Plugs are too cold, the ignition system needs repair, the air cleaner is dirty, the fuel mixture Is too rich, or the vehicle is idling for extended periods. The plugs can be cleaned. Nils Bohlin is credited with developing the three-point car safety belt that marks its 40th year in 1999. reminder to use their seat belts during the holiday weekend and all year," added Sonnenberg. Volvo Canada, in conjunc­ tion with NORP: Insurance Bureau of Canada and the Traffic Injury Research G ap has been bridged: Deposits have built up between the electrodes, reducing the gap. C ause: Carbon or oil fouling. In severe cases, change the plug. Otherwise, it can be cleaned. "Sometimes I get a call from some grateful person who has survived thanks to the belt. It warms my heart and shows that I really have been able to do something for mankind," said Bohlin, now retired and living outside Goteborg, Sweden. "We are extremely proud of this remarkable development, which has been so instrumental in saving thousands of lives in Canada, and around the world," said Gord Sonnenberg, presi­ dent of Volvo Cars of Canada Ltd. "We hope that Canadians will use the anniversary as a Oil fou led: Plug looks greasy. Cause: Excessive oil entering the combustion chamber which could be caused by worn rings and/or valve guides. You can replace tne plug, but it will continue to be fouled until the oil consumption is eliminated. -■. Pre ign ition: Electrode burned away, brownish blisters on the insulator. Cause: Incorrect engine timing causes pinging' or detonation of the air-fuel mixture without any spark. The plug could also be too 'hot,' the wrong type of fuel could be in the gas tank, or the engine could be overheating. Replace the plug right away. ...........1.......... ............................. Sonn.tr: ChiltonC O P Y R I G H T W H E E L B A S E C O M M U N I C A T I O N S Pre-trip checklist Cooling System □ Coolant at proper level and clean; pressure cap, thermostat and hoses in good c o n d i t i o n . C o n n e c t i o n s tight. Drive Belts □ Check condi­ tion and adjust­ ments. Battery □ Check fluid, where applicable. Inspect terminals. Engine □ As a preventa­ tive measure, invest in a diag­ nostic check of electrical, igni­ tion, fuel and emission control systems. Have needed services, including tune- up, performed. Lubricants □ Check all flu­ ids. Change engine oil and fil­ ter, transmission fluid and filter, as n e e d e d . Lubricate chassis where applicable. Suspension, Steering & Tires □ Check steering linkage, shock absorbers and/or struts. Inspect tires, rotate and balance as required. Check wheel alignments if tire wear so indicates. Brakes □ Inspect brake lining and pads, hydraulic system. Replace worn pads. Exhaust System □ Check for holes in muffler and pipes, loose support hangers. Windshield Wipers □ Check opera­ tion of wipers and washers. Inspect blade and arm. Replace as need­ ed. Top off wash­ er fluid. Lights □ Check all lights, turn sig­ nals and flashers. Body □ Start out with a clean car, inside and out. 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