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fo page eight the acton free press actqni ontario thursday may lotb m pioneers learn art of making maple syrup sugarfrom indians although the number local manufacturers of maple sjrrup in halton and district is gradually diminishing the thick running olden brown liquid still holds a glimmer of the pioneer spirit its not certain how long sugar and syrup have been made from the sap of the maple tree howev er white men learned the art from the indians with a few modern irrfprsvemcnts the gathering of natures sweet bonus goes on today much as it did before the earliest pioneers walked in wonder through this land there is a legend which tells hoiv an indian woman was cooking meat for her braves supper n the sap of the maple and being called away from her cooking allowed the sap to boil away her husband returned land found to his delight that a sweet liquid of delicious fla- vor had been produced hcrueforth the indians used the method to provide an added delicacy to their diet the government magazine s1- a records the white man adopted the ind ians process and for many years maple sugar and srup were thef- only sugar used b most settlers in the northern part of the united states and canada it was not un til after the american civil war that cane sugar became cheap and replaced maple sugar as the source of domestic suppl the area of maple sugar and sr- up production extends from the atlantic coast to wisconsin and minnesota and from the south slopes of the laurentian shield in canada to southern ohio and pen nsylvania it dips south along the appalachims into kentucky and virginia a night to ihtult remember if 3y in canid quebec is the major i through fillers to remove the mal- produccr with ontario seoond a small quantity is produced in the maritime provinces production his declined in ontario in the past few de-cade- the white man for man jear- followed the crude methods used bv the indians for making syrup this consisted of cutting a diagonal slash in the birk of the tree and fixing a wooden spout in a notch at the bottom of the slash so that the sap dripped into a esscl made from birch bark the sap was then boiled in a kettle over an open fire white mao improves the white man has improed considerabl on these crudi meth ods but the technique hat not fun damentally altered in the last 100 3 ears except for the introduction of evaporators these affected a great sax ing in fuel and manhours when the weather becomes such that the temperature in the day time is well above freezing and goes down below 32 degrees f at night it is time to tap the tapping time ubualb comes between late februarj and late march the length of the season is dependent ount ot a produced bv a tree of on the weather and may last from r diameter is directly proport- ht to ten days to a month or so onal to total crown area of the as there is usually a fair depth tree the sield increases greatly of snow in the bush at tapping w ith an increase in diameter the time the first step in tapping is to i average annual syrup yield per break out roads so that it will be acre of sir bush has been shown easy to get around to up the trees to 96 amons usually the yield per acre is much higher in forest stands than open stands the stand composition has been found to have little effect on yield except as it atfects tree form and the number of maples per acre cull and overmature trees produce quite well as long as they have hoalthv crowns and root sys tems this has not been a fiood year for maple svrup in this locality the run of the sap is now over but as a result of the few short short weeks of hard work in tapping gathering boiling and marketing many canadian homes have fresh mapfe syrup on their tables a distinctively canadian product here an esquesing town ship farmer collects sap to take to the boiling pans this picture was taken in march at the height of the run altitude this liquid will weigh about 13 2 lbs per imperial gallon it will contain 63 per cent solids b weight or about 85 lbs of sugar per imperial gallon hydrometers are used to check the density of the i s rup the hot syrup is usually put j these were the things they re membered that night john jacob aator said we are safer here you cannot sink this boat weve struck an iceberg ill see you later be brave of course it was the night the junsinkable titanic struck an ice berg and sank of 2207 on board only 705 survived the book includes anecdotes that arc now famous benjamin guggenheim and his valet dressed in evening clothes weve dressed in our best and are prepared to go doton like gentle men he said and many others sensitive heartbreaking heroic some other legends like the band playing nearer my god to thee were proven fanciful the book also has many pictures photographs of scribbled messag es the survivors in the boats the ship in its proud days happy mom ents of the voyage the lyrics for the patriotic song o canada were written by the son of a quebec blacksmith who ran gav from home to live in the united states festival winners 3uests of iode the may meeting of the duke of devonshire chapter i ode was held at the home of mrs joseph jany with the regent mrs j- whitham presiding six pa nnts in the recent north halton music festival gave a delightful musical program preceding the bus iness meeting they were heather and janice leylnnd gwen bean helen and bernie benton and jon hurst accompanied by helen landsborough the chapters delegate to the pro vincial chapter annual meeting in hnmiltim in april mrs robert buck nor gae a splendid account of the convention mrs b mowat told the members about the clos ing banquet and how much every one enjoy eil the afterdinner speak er refreshments were served by the hostesses for the evening mrs wil fred coles mrs ken dlow mrs les davies kerrigan chiropractic office 6 john st acton open daily 9 30 a m to 5 00 p m monday wednesday and frirjay evenings until 9 free consultation for appointments call 550 acton and this is rubbish you mavc have the makings of a real dangerous fire in your home simply because you dont know what rubbish is rubbish is fuel that fire needs and youre gambl ing with fire if your home is filled with such rubbish as lamp shades old mattresses cast off clothing and furniture loosely piled newspap ers dirty rags old toys if you want to look safe feel safe be safe from fire clean up mike coxe plumbing heating eavestroughirtg pipe fixtures fittings of all kinds beatty pressure systems water softeners american kitchen unit dealer phone 25 acton free estimates ate of lime and an other material which ma have precipitated out during boiling then placed in set tling cms or 24 hours the cans have a bpijjkt so the svrup can be drawn off leaving the sediment be hind svrup u commonlv marketed in gallon or halfgallon tin cans and max be canned either hot or colcl maple sugar is made in a sugar mgoff pan separate from the ev aporator the svrup is heated until it boils at 238 degrees f to 240 de grees f at sea lev el to obtain sugar which is 80 per cent solid sugar this is called tub sugar or soft su gar the svrup must be stirred dur ing sugaringoff to prevent burn ing niw equipment new equipment for the maple svrup industry which has appeared recentlv includes a vtnvlrte collect ing bag which fits over a special spile a powerdriven tapping ma chine run bv- a small gasoline mot or and plastic piping for piping sap to the storage tank and for fittings tests have shown that the am- artdcohee the sap the trees a tapped at about three to four feet above ground the old hraee-and- bit used for drilling the taphole into the tree has been replaced to some extent by the more modern power drill much as the power saw is replacing the axe the taphole extends two to three inches into the tree- or about the distance of the sapwood there is some flow of sap in the heartwood but it has been found that about so per cent of the sap flow is in tihe sapwood and that the sap from the heart wood lsof poor quality a spile is driven into the taphole anfd a bucket tiling from it j the sap must be collected fresh as bacteria and other organisms soon get into it and their action may cause an unpleasant flavor this is particularly true later in the season when the weather sets tanner it is the chief cause of the socalled buddy sap in normal years one out of four manufacturing companies in canada operates at a loss early in early pioneer days moat of the sap was collected in buckets sus pended from each end of a yoke fitted over a mans shoulders teams and sleuths with sap tanks were used later now tractors are replacing horses to haul the sleighs it is of interest that cost of col lection with a team was found to be slightly less than the cost with a trac in a recent economic in vaaugauon in ohio balling of the sap is earned out n the unar house centre of su- gar bush activitv in evaporators with corrugated bottoms over wood fir the corrugation increases the surface heated and speeds up the boiling the standard syrup is a liquid which boils at 219 decrees v at sea level a reduction of decree f is allowed for every rise of soo feet in television and radio service by r w grant t phone acton 594 tolfect located at music store watsons bf d oodrich tradeik sale get on extra tradein allowance for all b f goodrich tires at swindlehurst balunafad oiht hi hsjwlbmwn tt 73m1 canadian aluminum 1955 capacity to be expanded 50 by 1959 expansion programme lamest in the industry short tons i jt rii13sjvv alcan estimates include capacity construction fc is mmmmtm- j i j 9sffl l 410 000 isii wk 500000 j iiimti hum 4 i8rni- esvzr 1 1 mf 4 400000 i- 300000 200000 i- 100000 tlnfciiiw spni a fr -ic- k2i st 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 its matchless combination ofcjualities light ness durability strength appearance has made aluminum second only to steel in world markets new uses for both en than and de fence purxes keep increasing the relentless demand the world demand for aluminum is preientk in excess of supph and the immediate prospet t is that like other hasic materials alu minum xx ill be a scarce metal during the mouths ahead despite continum expansion of pro- contributes to all phases of canadas standard dining facilities as shoxxn iri the chart aboxe x of living the fact is that the demands go up at a rate faster than nexv production can be pushed tcr completion at isle maligne nfquebec and kiti- mat in british columbia steady increase in productive capacity has been accompanied by a corresponding increase in emploxment and paxroll todax in canada there are 20500 mean employees the pax roll at the rate of 70000000 a xear alcan aluminum company of canada ltd montreal que