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16g6 the georgetown herald wed neacuy evening april 3rd 1940 tour page items of intbrbstto every farmer ttoi 1 may hold seed qraift fov several yean experiments show no serious injury to gerainatlng power states j d macleod out dept of agricojtarfr hie answer to the question regard- tpy the germinating power of seed which has been held over on the farm tor two years or more may be found in the following experiment conducted t ottawa and at ttcperiment stations i tjntted states england and ln mark to determine the vitality of the needs of cereals clovers and timothy when stored in dry storage for differ cut periods of time says john d mac leod seed expert of the ont dept of agrjcuture toronto wheat and bailey retained their vitality almost unimpaired for five years after harvest oats showed uttle loss of vitality until after the ninth year the germ of the wheat was practically dead at the end of the fifteenth year but after the same length or time oats still gave a fair ly high germination this was prob ably due to the protection of the oat hull grain which is held over would need to be ripe when threshed so that it would not heat in storage and the place in which it is stored would need to be perfectly dry the vitality of timothy seed in dry storage was well retained until after the fourth year while red clover al site and white clover showed little re duetlon in germinating power during the first three years these experi ments show that it is possible to hold seed gran clover and grass seed over a short period of years without serl ouly injuring its germinating power grain and seed from the previous years crops may be or better quality and is frequently held over with a view to receiving better prices and as assurance that good seed will be avail able for seeding purposes in view of the nformation made available as a result of the above experiments it would appear that the farmers would be playing safe however in view of the very short time and small expense involved it is recommended that representative sample of the bulk be germinated in order that one may be absolutely sure that feed capable of germinating and producing strong plants is shown seeds live longest in a dry granary or other building they live a shorter time in the soil they die at an early age when placed in a manure pile the kind of a coat or hull worn by seeds has a more or less definite relation to the length of heir life period little chats on farm management a wartime risk there are many risks in the business of farming some avoidable and others unavoidable states the agricultural supplies board and observes there is one very dangerous risk that can be avoided very easily that of being in sufficiently informed in dealing with your production problems for years agricultural scientists and experimentalists have been at work in laboratory bar and field their ob feci has been to supply the farmer with practical complete and upto theminute information on the best practices ta crop and animal produc tion and the prevention of losses through pests and diseases with the benefit of accumulated knowledge and the added incentive of war time pro duction requirements these men are working more industriously than ever if possible in their effort to assist and serve the producer partial information is just as dan gerous in farming as in any other business such risk may be avoided by utilizing the advice and lnforma tion readily available from provincial and dominion sources dealing wl th 4axby fieh labour labour cost is the largest single item of expense in dairy farming from o to 30 per cent of the cost of producing milk is involved in labour flgt only does labour amount to a considerable sum but it is also one of the recognised economic factors to considered in the production of any commodity in order to make progress in farm management it be comes necessary to have sonwewuy calculated standard by which labour efficiency may be measured standards of measurement in this connection are gradually being deve loped for dairy fanners through the ontario dairy farm management study this investigation is being conducted co operauvely by the eco nomlcs division marketing service dominion department of agriculture ottawa and the ontario agricultural college quelph more than 700 dairy farmers of the province of ontario are keeping records of their complete farm business these records are checked at the farm and taken to ot tawa for analysis two years of study indicate that the cash receipts of a farm business per man provides a useful standard of measurement of labour efficiency in dairy farming to obtain this the total labour tlms of all farm workers is reduced to a man equlxaentthe term man equivalent nucan tfife labour of one man working full time for 12 months on the farm mem bers of the family working for part of the day only or doing less than an adult s work and seasonal and occa slonal help are reckoned proportion a ely the cash receipts include all cash sales of the farm business farm with cash receipts of 2 800 and a man equivalent of 1 would have a cash receipt per man of 1 600 it was found in the study that in all the fluid and processed milk zones under conditions similar to tht ear ending april 30 1938 the average dairyman needs to secure 1 500 cash receipts per man to secure operator earnings approximately 51200 oper ator earnings close to 1000 were ob tained wrere the cash receipts per man wen 51 300 and where the cash ecelpts per ma fell as low as 800 the operator earnings were dlscourag ing tho gt it was found that the most successful dairymen use the greatest amount of labour not all dairymen howver should ake on a large labour staff those dairy arm operators who have the ability to manage labour m uch a way as to secure a high cash receipt per man may well be encour aged to use more labour guard against blast of oats almost every farmer has noticed at some time or other a condition com monly known as blast or blindness of oata he will have noticed that some of the splkelets in the head have failed to form kernels these trolke- leta which are commonly found on the lower part of the head are quiteemp ty and the chaff has a white papery appearance sometimes a third or more of the head consists of these sterile and non productive splkelets gardening when to start it does soil no good to be dug white too wet it is liable to become lumpy later perhaps to bake hard with heavy clay soil early working is par tlcwlarly dangerous a good test la to look at ones ahom if these become muddy after a tram through the garden it la beat to ge back lo the fire side andjead a see catalogue or a book texture of both heavy and light soil will be immensely improved by the report ot trmscamtoi atr tints the cause of this condition la not digging hi of well rotted manure de very difficult to explain states johnson dominion ijaboratorj plant pathology winnipeg the oat plant forma its splkelets some weeks before it comes intd head if the conditions of early growth have been very favour tfle lb-will- produce a large nmyr of splkelets if weather and soil condi tlonfi thereafter remain good it may be able to carry all these splkelets to maturity but u adverse conditions set in durmg the later stages of growth the plant apparently responds by cut ting off the nutrient supply from the youngest and leastdeveloped spike lets chiefly those located at the base of the head in consequence these die and wither while the older splkelets in the upper part of the head keep on growug the adverse conditions that conspire to bring about blast in elude drought and leaf injuries such as are caused by grasshoppers and other insects rusts hailstorms and so torth as these are factors over which the farmer has li tie or no control he is naturally not in a position to remove the causes of blast that is not to say however that he can do nothing to reduce or minimize blast- in most parts of canada the factors that bring about blast become operative tdwards midsummer if the oat plant has ready com ito head by the time these factors exert their action it very lar gely escapes their influence it is therefore clear that the chief weapon of the farmer against this yield pro duclng conaiton is early sow ng the oat plant is by nature a cool temper i ture plant it usually develops well in tht late spring and earlj s immer while temperatures are still low and moisture abundant hot weather is less favourable and with it come the various lac ors that promote blast ex pcrlmenls ha e shown conclusively tl at curlj sow i oats yield bttte than sown partly because ulat is reduced ai tfiartly been ise fie more lgoro is declopm it ot c irl own caylng leases or other gasden refuse this sort of thing adds humus and moisture absorbing powers to light soil makes the heavy kind more amen able to spade and fork something wua fit no matter- how unusually situated there are flowers to fft almost any garden some like damp soil some dry some full hot sun others shady corners certain types do the best in deep rich soil while some actually ask the poorer sorts special likes and dls likes will be found mentioned in the better canadian seed ca alogues and if your garden is unusual in location it is advisable to make special selections certain annuals like clarkla alysum larksp ir pansy and phlox will actually give better results more dell cate coloring if planted in partial shade for full sun especially if planted close to a south wall where there la little protection from summer heat there are things like coreopsis call fornia and other popples portuiaca or climbing morning glories and nastur hums which love the sun and give remarkable results even in a siege or dry weather for scent especially in the evening a few nicotine carnations mignone te or stochs will perfume the whole gar den solid beds or annuals or big blocks in borders have exceptional appeal phlgx dwarf marigolds nastu tiums i d these can be made up of petunias verbenas or ip montreal march 39 oparatthg re venue of the transoanada mr line last year totalled l3g0ra47 ac cording to the annual report of the board of directors issued today by 8 j hungerford president of this amount 964391ft 48 was contributed by passenger fares 1633 873 came from malls and 2301301 from empress regular overnight mail service be tween montreal toronto and van couver was in effectonly 10 month of the period and passenger service across the continent and between tjethbrldge and edmonton only nine months in july montreal ottawa and toronto were linked by a separate daylight schedule and this was aug merited in november when flights be tween toronto and monoton were be gun practically every phase of the bust ncss of farming inq ifries for fur ther li format on should be directed to the nearest dominion experimental farm or station agricultural college provincial or dominion department of agriculture researcl breeding work is under way at the horticultural division central exptrimen al farm ottawa for the production or early maturing smooth fn ited high quality tomatoes for home market garden and canning purposes freedom trom disease is be lng observed in connection with this work bray chicks right when you want them no writing no watting prompt delivery if you have put off ordering your chicks waiting for better weather you will want prompt action when you do order them and if you place your order with me you ii get prompt action full information available at once no writing no waiting no money order prompt delivery what s more you 11 get lively vigorous chicks of the usual high bray quality famous from coast to coast of canada read what icttftomers say finest bunch of chicks i ever received aimer mcefechern wewtowji cross p e j never bad chicks grow bo quickly arthur v crawford monoton njb no other hatchery will get my business no trouble t all rafemg bray chic el cane troy wfl when i gt wwalhay ortll awia4ty f firays for ithlnk you cant beat bray 4cks gerald steele browiwburg pj my finest experience they have not caused me oth moment of yes sir 1 bray chicks have done a real job for these people and they will do the same for you if you ii give them the chance place your order now for prompt delivery dayold and started chicks in 12 breeds and 4 crosses ready right when you want them george c brown phone 382 r 21 norval ontario worry mrs s j ross west hill ont very good layers ben oorneld niagara falls ont last year we bought standards but this year we have ordered xtra profit just to see if it could be possible to have any finer bird than we had last year mrs oordon mcwhlr ter qoobect od ther to receive baby chicst below i am well satisfied oordon newlove brandon man never saw a flock do so well e mcculloch kamloops bc some essentials brooding chicks the lormal uroatable tgg producing life of the farm hen is so short that if the farmer is to maintain his flock a so nd economical basis he is faced with the neces ily of replac i g n large nurr c i i da each year says w t scott head poultryman dominion experimental sta on har row ont if his us al pr ict ce is to buy baby chicks from a hatel ery and brood them himself the iwultryman must provide good brooding conditions ordt to develop the chicks into profitable laying stock stunted chicks aid a high mortali y ma be the resul of poor brooding and the loss cannot be replaced ei t r 1 late replacements are responsible for de laved maturity small egts and low production in fall and winter when prices are at their peak as it is a bad practice to mix chicks of different ages and as tht brooders arc available for more han two hatches only under very favourable weatl or conditions sufficient cq rtp- ment should be pro ided to accom modate nl least half if not all or the chicks without crowding the early hatches require the brooder heat for eve or tlgkt k id the temp a tio to make room for the second hat h by dprivii g the first of the hatid brooder bmorc they are com fortablj fcatherd dangerous a sudden d op in temperature will re suit in chilling followed by pneumonia and a high death toll the utmost care and the most elab orate equipment will not raise vigor ous profitable chicks that have in herlted poor vitality or susceptibility to disease nor can those chicks that have met reverses in the brooding stage be raised profitably the essei tlals that insure success are good stock good dry draught free houses reliable heating clean utter and suffl clent waste proof feed hoppers to provide room for at least seventy five per cent of the total chicks to feed at one time with a temperature of 95 to 100 degrees at the edge of the hover a good chick starter mash al ways before them clean water to drink a hopper of grit and some succulent green feed there should be no difficulty in brooding the baby chicks satisfactorily method of entry changed it t a f under the brlti h commonwealth a r trai 1 ig plan the- only method of n rj to th spec al reserve of the roa cat ad tan ah force for elemen flylnr iral irg will be through uillstmc t no further ap ucatlons for tonimts o in this category will be c ip 1 i- r airman pilot tl e appll cint m ist be between 18 and 26 years f il c lo air observer and air gun i tr bttwte 18 and 32 ear of age education requiremen s ore junior martrlcul itio or its equivalent ap plications for appointment to the gen eral list will still be received from ex perlencod pilots presumably with a least 200 hours of hjing experience to heir credit the number of passengers carried in 1930 was 21569 with july and au gust the heaviest- months passen ger service says the report was- operated with a satlsfactoryadegree of regularity and the companys fllgr and ground personnel have establish a reputation tor discipline efnolew and courtesy in dealing with the pub lic the patronage of the service has considerably exceeded expectations particularly on the transcontinental route for the year all schedules the percentage of passenger occupancy passerigr miles divided by seat miles was 561 air malls carried aggregated 462 000 i pounds december the best month accounted for 50 636 pounds which was 8 642 pounds better than august the next in volume air express totalled 45819 pounds the heaviest month was september with 7 113 december was second with 5 684 pounds which was more than four timer greater than the january quantity operating expenses deluding si 724 153 50 for aircraf operation and maintenance 63625694 lor ground operation and maintenance and 10 76333 for general taxes aggregate 586 743 68 the net operating loss was 236269 71 adding 17590453 in terest on capital invested and sub tracting 517 65 miscellaneous income the deficit appears as 41165659 this is provided by dominion subsidy and is 77 284 41 under- the amount 488541 approp la ted b parliament for the put pose the operating expenses in elude in addition to the operating ou of revenue producing services all expense incurred during the year in tl l development of new services and the train ng of personnel t t jad in capital of the company v1 ic has all beet rated by the issue of cap al stock is now 3 750 000 an crcas of 550 000 of the funds thus ebiaii td 3 699 889 has been invested tn alrcr ft b ild ns and ground equ pment no portion of the capl tal his been itilizcd for organisation ualning or development expense adeq iau depreciation reserves have been provided n rupect of all pro perty subject to depreciation de i recia lot cl arged to operating ex pense- it 1939 totalled 557342 and tomprlsej more ll an 20 per cet t oi the total operating coats pull insur ance coverage is carried with outaldt tmderwrlten for passenger public andj employers liability provision ja ak made for setflnsuranoe or with outxty sldo underwriters for lorn or damage to aircraft and other companyowned property property and equipment are shown at 3 609889 40 less accrued depred ation of 83434168 the net asset be ing 3 068 647 72 the company has is twinengined aircraft each accom modatlng 10 passengers and a crew ot three and has a cargo capacityaf 2800 pounds it has its own hangars at moncton montreal toronto win nipeg and lethbrldge from the beginning of operation between vancouver and seattle in september 1937 until the end of 1939 transoanada planes flew 5 174 707 miles 1265842 of which were in train mg flights in 1939 the mileage amounted to 3 125 393 hours flown in the year totalled 19 496 scheduled miles flown dally number 9 044 at the end of the year the tcje iff lo tailed 4fl7 uotalled4u the company is performing an im portant function fh the dominion war effort and war time economy the teport states the value of a fully equipped national airway with adequate means of communication and with facilities for servicing both mili tary and civilian aircraft has al ready been demonstrated a number of employees have en listed with the armed forces and have been given leave of absence for the duration of the war the progress achieved during the past yea in the development of the company services is considered sat- lfactory and with passenger traffic well maintained during the winter the prospects for 1940 are regarded as fa vorable plans for this year include a second dally flight between montreal toronto and vancouver a double dally service between toronto lon don and windsor and daily services between toronto and buffalo toronto and new york apple tref stldies in the report of the committee of the canadian f 1 ultural council on horticultural research in 1939 it 1ft noted thai in the tree rrult lmpi ment and rootstock studies conducted by the horticul ural division central experimertal farm ottawa apples were harvested from 88 progeny trees the result of piflc crosses made in 1926 seventyelgh of these new tpples re marked for discard and 10 were considered of sufficient- p to retain for further- investigation in a bad way rastus you ain jo self no mo sick or faumpn mac ah got insommla keeps wakin up ev y few days pre war propaganda by hluer revealed every case of german goods enter lng the last few years before the war contained nazi propaganda of some description or other according to j 8 floe wartime examiner of publication and director of publicity customs division department of national rev jsdhs cages of oerman no for instance revealed upon inspection camouflaged layers or leaflet extol ling the nazi creed and the hitler credo phonographic records of the fuehrers vitriolic speeches were often found among shipments a virtual flood of propaganda was stemmed at canada s frontfors by customs inspec tors a qlpsy family had ust cleared away from near the vicars home and left a dead ddnkey partly covered the vicar wrote to the council about the donkey they reeponded by sending a clerk- to say that it was the vicars duty to bury the dead the vicar replied that he knew that but be just wanted to let relative town and country whether ou lle in town or in the country 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