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THE LAKE SHORE NEWS, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1914. Tower on University Hall UsedI in Hydrographing Work in Seventies as an Accurate Point to Figure From--Old Shot Tower Another Place and a Sand Dune << * ±Was a Third Point. By J. Seymour Currey. It may not be generally known to readers thai the tower of Univer- sity Kail on the campus la an impor- tant station of the United States Tri- angulation Survey, and that it is one. Of a chain of observation points ex- tending from Chicago to the north shore of Lake Superior, and eastward to the eastern shore of Lake Ontario. While the survey was in progress during the seventies the center of the tower of University Hall was observed and Its position determined with-, a high degree of accuracy. Triangula- tion Is the most accurate method of surveying, and requires the long con- tinued services of government survey- ors .extending over many years of op- erations. ..The triangulation survey re- ferred to in this article covered ■ the region of the Great Lakes In the ear rier years of its work, but, in later years the survey has been connected with the still larger scheme of triangu- lation by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey which fixes the posi- tion of about 40,000 points "scattered widely over the United .States from Maine to Florida, Texas, Southern California and the State- of Washing- ton. Slight variation. The accuracy of this survey Is such that, as one of the officers of th sur- vey remarks, "it is an even chance that throughout the distances from the center cf ths to ~sr of University Ball to any one of the points referred to there is not a variation of more than one foot In twenty miles from absolute accuracy." The "geodetic po- sition" of the.center of the tower of University Hall Is given as follows: Latitude, 42 degrees, 3 minutes, 6.53 seconds; longitude west from Green- wich, 87 degrees, 40 minutes, 33.47 sec- 1 onds. Another station made use of by the government, surveyors was the shot tower in Chicago which formerly stood at the corner of Clinton and Ful- ton streets'.' ' In later years the shot tower was removed, but during the period that the triangulation surveys were in progress it served a useful purpose in the work of the survey. It was .desired, to determine the exact distance from points on the south and east shores of the lake to the station at the shot tower in Chicago. As it was not possible to observe any ob- ject directly eastward, the distance of over fifty miles being too great to bring anything Into view owing to the curvature of the earth's surface in that space, the engineers chose the sum- mit of a sand dune at Michigan City, forty-one miles distant as the point to be observed. The shot tower was a little over 200 feet in height, then the highest point In Chicago, while the summit of the sand dune was but 140 feet lii height, From the summit of the shot tower, however, it was. not possible to see the top of the sand dune, but the en- gineers built a skeleton tower above the sand dune, seventy feet in height. Under average conditions of refraction the line of sight from the shot tower was tangent to the lake surface about nineteen miles distant, while that from Michigan City was tangent about twenty 'miles distant The sum of these two distances Is thirty-nine miles, that Is, two miles less than the whole distance between the observing points, thus precluding a view. But computations showed that when re- fraction was seventy per cent great- er than its average value, which hap- pens occasionally for short intervals, the points were intervisible. By tak- ing advantage of this condition in part, and also by mounting bright sig- nal! OB poles considerably above the telescopes of the observers, they were able to establish communications. Such observations were made over a long period of time, the average of which established a high degree of accuracy. Stations farther along the east shore of the lake were also care- fully observed, until now after many years of continued observations the necessary data, has been ascertained as a foundation for the accurate knowl- edge of distances and positions so much, desired. Fifty-Seven Miles to St Joe. The distance across the lake from Gross Point Lighthouse to the Michi- gan shore directly east of It at St. Joseph is about fifty-seven miles, and Its greatest depth between is about fifty fathoms, that is, 300 feet. The of the lake, however, increases the north until at a point op- Racine it is about 100 fathoms. i east and west line from the th* of the Chicago river the depth PL the lake, la? not greater than 200 feet at the deepest part, so that if the buildings in the "loop district" of ► were placed on the bottom of the lake at its greatest depth between the Chicago river end the Michigan shore directly opposite they would rise above the surf ace a considerable distance. If the water of the lake were drawn off and the bottom exposed to view the rotundity ot the earth, would still obstruct a view of the opposite shore, in fact, the de- pression which forms the bed of Lake Michigan would not be perceptible to «he eye, and it could not be dtstin- guished from a so-called level country anywhere. It is often supposed by casual ob- servers from the western shore at Ev- anston or Chicago that they can see the Michigan shore on certain occa- sions, but it may be positively stat- ed that such views have never been obtained even by the sharpest eyed among us. Sometimes under cer- tain conditions ot. the atmosphere there are mirages, or more properly "loomlngs" which seem to bring the sandy bluffs of the Michigan shore Into view, but such conditions are of short duration and give no accurate views of the scenery. There Is a lofty sand dune on the Michigan shore opposite Chicago known as "Bald Tom" which is 240 feet in height. Under favorable conditions the summit of Bald Tom might be seen from an elevation in Chicago of about 650 feet, but as there is no such point in Chi- cago the fact remains that neither the sand- dune mentioned or any other point on the, Michigan shore has ever been seen by any person stationed either at Chicago or Evanston. "Bald Tom" Used in Survey. The summit of Bald Tom was used by the engineers in the Triangulation Survey as one of their stations, and its position is therefore accurately de- termined and shown on the charts of the survey. This eminence does not rank very high among the mountain topB described by travelers, but In the total absence of any marked eminences in our vicinity we may feel a certain pride in having it among our natural attractions. It is quite possible that at some future time when a struc- ture on the north t>hore or at Chicago, for wireless telegraphy purposes pos- sibly, having a height of 550 feet or more, may be erected, the summit of Bald Tom will lift itself into view and become visible, and so become better known than it is at present. Triangulation surveys are totally different from the township surveys" familiar to every person having to do with the ownership of land. The for- mer deal with country-wide dimen- sions, coasts of lakes, height of moun- tains, courses of rivers, etc...while the latter are of greater importance in describing locations of lands occupied as farms or residences. The former has a scientific interest of great im- portance, the latter has a practical value to the property owner. The Fitness of Benedict XV By Rev. 7. V. Shannon BUYING SHIPS MIGHT (Continued from Page 1.) And therein lies the danger of this bill. If we persist in going ahead with such a pian, we are courting difficulties with the world powers now at war. This is no time to trifle with fine distinctions. I imagine some of the nations across the water would welcome anything that might draw the United States into this great war. In such a critical time we must look neither to the right nor to the left We must not take our eyes off our purpose to remain neutral in the strictest sense. If private interests wish to purchase the ships in question and use them in our foreign commerce under Amer- ican registry, well and good. But for our Government to do anything of the sort in view of the terms of the Declaration of London and under the world conditions confronting us today, seems to me to be unwise: If this bill is amended by striking out tiie words "and elsewhere." quoted above, and the commerce in which the proposed corporation is to engage, is thus restricted to Central and South American ports and the orient, and thus assured to be con- fined without question within neutral limits, a different situation will be p: sented. Under such circumstances the parties to the Declaration of Lon- don probably would raise no protest --though they might even then have a technical right to do sor----- Honesty Always Best Honesty in dealing with ourselves and one another has been one ot the axioms since time began. We cannot afford to be otherwise. It is the best and only way:- Being honest sates worry and fretting, it helps make char- acter and it gives us joy in life to know that we have been honest when we^mlghThave T»een otherwiio~te temporary gain. - - r Garlic for Wasp Stlnflt. The inhabitants of French Switier- land and Savoy rub a crushed clove of garlic upon a spot that has been stung by a wasp or a-baeW...Accord? tag to Professor Mar mod of Lausanne, AVI. -- . m SL m -- ta» masse takes away the pain. ___ Road to Happiness. We expect the roads to happiness. Mm those which lead to heaven, to be ▼ery long and especially very complex, says Jean Flnot. Yet there are candid souls who go there by the simplest ways. And the road they pursue is the best one. i [Editor's Note--The following arti- cle on Pope Benedict XV. was writ- ten by Rev. T. V. Shannon of St Xavier's church for the Chicago Her* aid and, reprinted here through his courtesy.] On the sixth ballot for the succes- sion of Pope Plus X.. His Eminence Oiacomo della Cbiesa, archbishop ot Bologna, was selected as the 259th ruler in the chair of St. Peter. Particulars of the election are un known, and will remain so. What ever reports were sent out as to other candidates and their respective votes are purely conjectural. What human motives led to the elevation of the cardinal archbishop of Bologna, whose name had not hitherto figured as a papal candidate above those who seemed more favored is equally hid den. ■* Unexpected Has Happened. It is another illustration that in the selection of a pope it is the unex pected that always happens. It may be of Interest, as a pure speculation, to strive to determine why a man who had been only recently created a car* dinal, enjoying this prerogative since May of this year, should have been chosen In preference to others whose names have occupied attention as like- ly to succeed the recently deceased pontiff. The policy of the papacy swings back and forth like a pendulum. It la rare that any pope follows the foot* steps of his predecessor. No two men could have been more unlike than Leo XIII. and Plus X. The aim of both was the welfare of the church, but the means chosen were far apart. Now that so many of the desires of Pius X. were made part of the church it may have seemed fitting that a departure from his policy was needed. This was the more urgent in view of the fact that the new. Incumbent must be con- versant with the science of diplomacy. War Affects Church. The war now raging in Europe touches the Catholic church very closely. When it is ended many ques- tions will come up for settlement. It will then be needful to have a pope who is no stranger to European pol- itics. It will require a master hand to safeguard the interests of the Church, This thought must have been in the minds of the fifty-six cardinals who sat in the conclave. There may have been others equally fitted, but there were none more avail- able than Cardinal della Chlesa. The dominant figure of the conclave that selected Pius X., Cardinal Rampolla, had only recently passed away. Had he lived his choice seemed a certainty. But in his person was one who had served under that great master, one whom he-had trained. At Madrid Mar, della Chlesa had been the secretary of Rampolla. When the great cardinal was made secretary of state for Leo XIII., Mgr. della Chie- sa was placed under him. Mgr. della Chiesa from the position of "minu- tanti," really a confidential messenger, mounted to the position of "substltu- tus" or acting secretary. _______Well Trained Diplomat,________ f shown in the fact that be. was selected to be the papal nuncio at Madrid. For,reasons of his own he refused the appointment He continued in the secretariate ot state until December, 1907, when he wag sent to the very Important see of Bologna as its arch- bishop. There can he no doubt of his administrative ability, in a city none too friendly he won admiration and respect In May ot this year Pope Plus X. created him a cardinal. Reason for Name. It is interesting to learn of the choice of name made by the newly elected pope. It was natural that It should have been Benedict. First be- cause the greatest of that name, Bene- dict XIV., Prospero Lambertini, was a native of Bologna, as well as its arch- bishop. For the last seven years the •incumbent of the archbishopric lived In the very housed: occupied by his eminent predecessor. Secondly, be- cause, as the fourteenth Benedict was, of all the popes, the most learned canonist, the fifteenth of that name is an adept of that same science, and it Shall be incumbent on him to put into execution the revision of the canon law of the church, which is now al- most ready for promulgation. Theirs to Mold Lives, Mothers and maidens, believe me, the whole course and character of your lovers' lives is In your hands; what you would have them be'they shall be, if you not only desire to have them so, but deserve to have them so; for they -are but- mirrors In which you win see yourselves imaged. If you are frivolous, they, will be so also; if you have no understanding of the scope of their duty, they also will forget it; they will listen--they can listen--to no other interpretation of it than that uttered from your Upa. --Buskin ___ Positive Proof. The Counsel--"How do you know this night letter was forged by a man and not written by the woman whose name is signed to it?" The Expert-- "Because it contains just 48 words, and a woman would have used two more to get her money's worth."-- Birmingham Age-Herald. IT ALL GOES. After all marriage doesn't make much difference. You slid ply quit taming over half of your ealary to the florist and turn ft all over to the grocer j man. Softening Gold and Alloys. Pure gold can be softened by heat- ing It tor four days at the boiling point of water. At higher tempera- ture It softens much more rapidly, tak- ing but a few seconds at 400 degrees F. It takes much longer' to soften alloys, however, and since gold and silver coins are not pure metals, it takes a considerable period for the softening. It requires 575 degrees F. for a period of sixteeb days to soften gold coins. - I 4 LOOt. The mistress of the house had mis- laid her eyeglasses. She asked the old negro servant if she had seen them. "No'm. honey." said Aunt Mis- souri, "I ain't seen 'em. But I'll fin' 'em fo' you. Jess tell me now, was dey in do shell?" Staging a Trial. "Do you think you have sufficient counsel tor my boy?" "Yes; we have a spread-eagle ofator, a sob specialist an insanity expert and'a little cuss who knows the law, if we need any law." What Plaassd Her. Mrs. McFoy--I know ye'll be placed to bear, Mrs. McSnubb, thot me daugh- ter Mary Ann is to be married to Jim- my Doyle nixt wake." Mrs. McSnub-- "Indade, Oi am thot, fur it was only this marnlng thot I saw the poor boy's fayther folro bim out av the house."-- Puck. Explanation Enough. Passenger--"That last station was my destination, sab. Why. Bah, didn't you stop thar?" Conductor--"We don't Btop there any more. The en- gineer is mad at the station agent" --Sacred Heart Review. Practical Suggestion. A man rather untidy in his personal habits was discussing the question of Patience a Costly Virtue. Patience is one of the costly virtues If the value of a thing ts to be meas- ured by its cost, then this virtue is to be ranked among the very first' Took No Chances. The height of caution is illustrated by the Brooklyn man who did not marry until assured by his doctors that be had only one more day to live Our Motorists. Tbe Motorist (still at the wheel, to pedestrian, whom be has hit)--I say, There can be no question of his fit- ness to meet diplomatic emergencies. With the change of administration of Leo XIII. it was but natural the new secretary. Merry del Val, should make his own selections. The confidence that Mgr. della Chlesa had begotten is NEEDLECRAFT SHOP. Children's Dresses l to 16 years. Ladies' Waists, $3.00 up. To Order. Corsets to Measure. Smocking, Hemstitching. ■ TBI NEEDLECRAFT SHOP, 717-718 Venetian Bldg.. IS Bast Washington St, Chicago. Tel. Central 40L a new waistcoat with a friend. "What i before you go, if I haven't hurt ypnr color would you advise?" he asked the; arm to° much, you might Btart my friend. "Why." said the friend, 'Td ba,ly engine up again.--London Opln* get one of soup color." | ion- Classified Advertisements TELEPHONE. WILMETTE, 1640 Waal Ads in tbe Lake Shore News are charged at tbe following rites Real Estate Classifications. 7 yj cents per line. AH Other Classifications. 5 cents per line. Minimum Price. 15 cents. No advertisement charged for less than 25 cent*. mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmGsmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm HELP WANTED GOOD GIRL--LICHT HOUSEWORK; good wages. 921 Oakwood. Phone 7S5J, Wttmette;---------------------------Up WANTED TO RENT ROOMS TO RENT--PLEASANT ROOM IN Wlnnetka; centrally located. Phone Win. 897. ltp WANTED WANTED--AUTOMOBILE IN PART payment for a choice piece-iOf Sher- idan road vacant, near Forest ave- nue, at present value; has splendid future; will more than double. Up ■■!.'-J.-------__________J___________________ ...... FOR SALE FOR SALE -- TWO VUDOR PORCH shades, 8x7; one rattan bench cot; reasonable prices. 916 Oreenlcaf- av.. Phone Wllmette 1129. ltp BOARD AND ROOM BOARD --WITH OR WITHOUT rooms; best of home cooking and plenty of It; a good place to gg dinners during hot weather. / Call Miss Nortbam. Phone Wllmette 992-J. Address 731 10th. 33wtf 1654 ASBURY AVE., THE ASBURY. ROOMS SINGLE OR EN SUITE, EXCELLENT CUISINE. PHONE 2392. MRS. F. C. DIEFENDORF. 16w-tf FOR RENT-ROOMS FOR RENT -- ROOMS. PLEASANT, large and neatly furnished. 142s Forest-av., Wllmette. ltp ...........il ■ .mi)......i.....i.iiii.....■!......i, '■" , FOR ADOPTION FOR SALK--SEVEN-ROOM STUCCO house, Washlngton-av., S7.200. Phone Miss King, Wll. 215. ltp FOR ADOPTION--TWIN GIRL BA- bles, 6 mo. old; healtby'and bright. Phono Douglas 090. 722 Oakwood- blvd. ltp FOR SALE EVANSTON HOMES W STRONG DIRECTORATE. The personnel of the Board of Directors of this strong bank reflects the character of the service it renders to those who have banking or trust company business to transact. We make a special effort to extend to every depositor a service suited to his individual requirements. Directors Merritt C. BbagdosFrank \V. Geroclo Har&isox.B. Kilet Samuel S. Dinuke Oscar II. Hacuan F. J.. Scueibkxuixm William A. Dtcbk Richard C. Lakk II. J. Walukovoso Frank M. Elliot Charles T. Whitnet INTEREST PAID ON SAVINGS JJ N' OW is the time to rearrange gardens, and plant out herbaceous borders. Perennials planted now will get well established this fall, and will make fine blooming plants for next year. Our stock of herbaceous plants includes practically everything that is hardy in this climate. We have an es- pecially fine lot of named varieties of phlox which are now in bloom. A visit to the garden will convince you that we havey the stock that will give you satisfaction. Advice free regard- ing the laying out.of grounds. Where it is desired we f urnislr experienced men to prepare grounds ready for planting. We make landscape plans, give estimates, furnish and plant all varieties of shrubbery, trees, etc. Our prices are very moderate and our plants are much la generally furnished through catalogue. PERENNIAL GA v- ^ ' JOHN FREEMAN, Proprietor n those ENS Telephone 1106 Evanston 318 Noyes Street, Evanston A dollar's worth of this remarkable product will save you from $4 to $8 in your gasolene bill. It puts snap in your motor, it keeps your cylin- ders and spark plugs clean. |, It is guaranteed to contain nothing injurious the motor. * --*-» Send for a list of Evanston motorists wha and recommend it .../* ^ j Try a sample can yourself and you will never be without Herrolinc. f77 FOR SALE IN EVANSTON BY i R. L. Lefnngwell.inc, 600 Dempster Slrw Tyler-Leffingwell Co., 34? Chicago /■ nM John Victor Lee, 901 Chicago Avenue Pennsylvania Oil Co., 933 Sherman Avenue Evanston Auto Company * . MADE BY Improved Gasoline and Oil Co. 1522 Michigan Avenue, Chicago ■MM it lie Conditionof LaKe Waters ■--f-.- Pollution of Lake Y/ater by Sewerage is the -subject of. much discussion. ^ffcorilfos a^ >r^ drinking purposes. IS THE REMEDY? TR-4UPAYS PURE AM> HINCKLEY & SCHMITT,Inc. Telephone Evanston 960