The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

s " ;•' 1 •;rr wrt^ " ' ' >' Sv" -; •• ('--wr/ ,** McsflnBHRT WAR DEVELOPS -»Kvrs.tf >\ *?&+• .i ' RADIO TRIUMPH m *\tK : iAXv *-x- # F< j - .V] +£ : ?Wa»nington, D. C.--In a general way It In known that during the war a iwth*e was found to communicate with a submerged submarine from shore or sea. How this is done and !k>w tt came to be discovered that it rtuld be done not until now has been ttede public. Like a good many other .. revelations it came when the researchers were at work on another problem. »<lThe scientists of the radio section the bureau of standards stumbled on Its secret and the lucky ones to suspect It were two young assistants not •long oat of high school. Their experiments and the development of what is -known as the "loop aerial" for submarine radio communication by the bureau resulted In a device so simple and perfect, and producing such wonderful results, that the navy has adopted it and is equipping all Its undersea craft with this style of loop. - the tall of 1917 a series of experl- /•liients was undertaken by the bureau to devtiop an apparatus for the detection ®f enemy submersibles. J. A. Wllloughby and P. D. Lowell were engaged in the work. They had a notion that a closed or rubber encased coll of wire offered the best chances for success. They made one and threw It one night Into • tank of fresh water on tbe grounds of the bureau near Chevy Chase, Md., a suburb of Washington. To their delight they received • signal from the big radio station at Arlington. The next night they submerged the coil In the tidal basin of the Potomac near the new navy building. Again the signal came with no difference in strength whether the loop o* coll was suspended In air'or sunk In tte river. Discovery Significant. The significance of this discovery both ybung men. Here was a i* possibly to detect the presence of enemy submarines, but surely to talk with onr own. which was equally important, had been thought impossible, mils was in November. ----In December improvements In the submerged coll brought the reception of signals from Lyons, Prance; Paris and San Diego, Cal. By March last year excellent signals were received on a single turn coil 150 feet long by jftcty feet high hnvlng a wave length 190 meters by 15,000 meters. In April Mr. Wllloughby discussed with Lieutenant Commander H. P. St. Clair of the radio division of the navy, tbe «se of loops on submarines for both transmission and reception under water. Both he and Mr. Lowell were sent to New London to work under Commander McDowell In charge of the base, to install the apparatus for a tryout on submarine D-l. It is a simple contrivance, the metal frame of the submarine itself being a part of It, this being used as^a "ground" Just as the earth is used in hand telegraphy. The circuit is thus made complete. As finally perfected the loop consists of two insulated wires grounded at the extreme ends of the hull carried over suitable supports to the conning tower and thence through "radio-lead-ins" down into the boat to the receiving and sending apparatus. A single turn loop was used on the D-l. With Its top submerged three feet signals were received from a submarine rfnni three-quarters of a mile away. Boat Used as "Ground." A new type of loop was tried on tha V. S. S. G-8, in which the lead-in wires were brought in from the upper side of the loop Instead of the lower and the entire loop was Insulated from the hull. Better, but not satisfactory, results were obtained. Up to this time the frame of the boat had not been used as a "ground." The lower side of the loop was removed and the ends of the wire fastened to the bow and stern. The top of the loop was submerged eight feet; signals from Nauen, Germany, were clearly heard. Very sharp Indications of direction were obtained when under water or on top of it. And soon other Stations were heard, including Carnarvon, England; Rome, Italy, and various merchant vessels. Later experiments showed that communications can be carried on at sea under all conditions more efficiently with the- closed loop aerial than with the ordinary antenna now in general use. , k. E. F. WAGON lRUCKS JUNKED IN FRANCE RAISULI BANDIT OF RARE Newspaper Uniot Washington, D. C.--That relentless bandit, Raisuli, the Villa of Morocco, whose present raids have caused a political crisis in Spain, has another side. "He could not bear to hear a child cry, while on several occasions I noticed his care even to avoid allowing the bees collected on his cup to drown," is the surprising statement, not of a friend, but of the wealthy American who was held for ransom by Raisuli In 1904, until President Roosevelt sent a fleet of war ships and his famous ultimatum, "Perdicarls alive or Raisuli dead" to Morocco. v Ion Perdicarls' own story of his adventures as the prisoner of the "Moroccan Robin Hood" is told In a communication sent by him to the National Geographic society soon after his release. "In many respects the man interested and attracted me, In spite of all my natural motives for dislike," said Mr. Perdicarls. "Raisuli was at once so gracious and dignified, not to us only, but to his own wild adherents, who evidently idolised their chieftain, whose position among them seemed that of the head of a Highland clan In the olden times. Has a 8uperlor Character. "He was quick1 to see the hunMMR aspect of a situation, while his repartee was as immediate and to the point as EN6LISH SAILORS AT "GYM" EXERCISES Newspnpcf Prince Albert of England on board the training ship Kxmoutb watching sailors at gymnastic evolutions. ^ CUBAN VOODOOS SLAY Parents on Island in Con* stant Fear. Authorities Act to Prevent Further Hw» mm {Sacrifices by the, , 'Worshiper*. r , * " . * itf• / Havana, Cuba.--With the recent sudt s outbreak of cannibalistic practices voodoo worshipers, which have resalted in the deaths of at least three Innocent children and a half dozen of tfc*! voodoos, the latter by, the application of "lynch" law for the first time IB this country's history, fathers and •others are living In constant fear that their little ones may be spirited away by the superstitious negroes to fete offered up In sacrifice to "Chango," the god of the "Brujos," as they are called In the Castillan language. The voodoos are divided Into various sects, each with its separate cod. The latter include "Babagueye." god of sickness; "Elecua." god of Injury; "Olorruun" god of misery, and "Chango," the terrible god. to whonj human sacrifices are made. "Chango," according to the voodoo belief, was the son of Olorruun and Anaragun. lie was slain by Elecua. the "god of Injury," and ascended Into heaven from a celba, or god tree, in the month of May. It Is in the month of May, therefore, that the "Brujos" observe their holy week, when Chango Is expected to make a weekly visit to the earth, descending by the celba. his sacred tree, always on Monday. The followers of Elecua do not directly offer human sacrifices, although their healers sacrifice the lives of some patients by giving them poisonous concoctions, supposedly a mysterious cure foi some ailment. In order to restore to health some other patient. Bleeua, being the "god of Injury," his followers believe that good can come to one though he had been born in County Galway Itself. In fact, I discovered to my consternation that I was beginning to like the man, in spite of my natural resentment I found myself unconsciously accepting his contention that he was not a mere brigand or cattle lifter, but a patriot struggling to rescue his Berber followers from the tyranny of the corrupt shereefian officials. "While standing near Raisuli one day on the village green, of which we were now allowed the freedom, one of his followers came up from Tangier, almost breathless from his haste, to report the arrival of the two American squadrons. The man described how the eight frigates had entered the bay. one after another. "I watched Raisuli with anxiety, lest apprehending the landing of marines, with a view to our relief and his own capture, he might endeavor to drag us to some more distaat and Inaccessible retreat. What was then my surprise when, looking up with a bright smile, he said: 'Well, I think I can now congratulate you!' " 'I do not understand y<mf % replied. " 'I mean,' answered Raisuli, that the presence of these vessels will lead the authorities at Tangier to make such representations to the sultan as may result In his acceding to my demands, and then you will be able tt return to your friends.' Part as Friends. .. "The next morning it was still dark when our men began loading the pack mules, and we reached the crest of the mountain, which lay between us and Tangier, just as the sgn rose. "At last the mules, bearing tbe sliver dollars, carefully packed in boxes, arrived ; but now luncheon was again served in honor of Mulal Ahmed, and must be partaken of, after which the bullion was counted in another room. "The silver,' said Raisuli, addressing me, 'has been counted--$20,000, as stipulated, tn Spanish dollars, but these letters,' showing me as he spoke a check book containing certified checks on the Comptoir d'Escompte. the French bank at Tangier, 'of the value of these, which are supposed to represent $50,0<X), I know nothing. However, I will accept them on your personal guarantee.' "When I had examined the checks certified by Torres and El Gannam, the sultan's delegate minister of finance, I gave the required assurance verbally, and Raisuli, leading me to the door, where I found my horse waiting for me, bade me adieu, saying that he had learned to look upon me as a friend and that he hoped I cherished no ill feeling on. account ot ay detention." f person only thfWgh Injury -to asother. Voodoolsm Is not practiced by the negroes alone. Many white persons also are said to secretly take part In their religious meetings, and accusations have been heard In various quarters of the difficulties encountered by officers seeking to break up their temples because of the obstacles placed In their way by persons of Influence. An active campaign by the authorities in Havana and other parts of the island have resulted In the capture of numerous "Brujos" and the seizure of many curious and weird objects used by them. * Reward for Globe Flight. Hoquam, Wash.--Deeds to 1,000 acres* of Gray's harbor land, lying within what it has been hoped for years will prove an oil belt, are to be placed in a local bank as a reward for the aviator who firsts encircles the globe. George J. Hibbard, a Seattle attorney, makes the offer, and has set the time limit for winning the land at Aug. 1. 192a p ; • i Eating Walrus Meat Bars Man From Army New York.--Eating walrus meat while in the arctic with Doctor Cm!t wore Sven Loevland's teeth down smooth and caused him to be rejected at recruiting headquarters here, although he was otherwise in fine physical shape. When the recruiting sergeant noticed the worn-down teeth he asked: "What did that--eating gum drops with Doctor Cook?" "No," replied Sven. "That gum-drop stuff is all bunk." zm U. S. UNIFORMS TO FIT Ur Muskrats Destroy Old Dam. Watertown, N. Y.--Muskrats digging i hole tn a dam erected in 1801-1802 :$ove forced the Seebar & Chapman '. grist mill at Adams to close The dam } 'Sad withstood the ravages of time but fuccumbed to tbe attacks of the rata. War Department to Make Manikins From 100,000 Careful Measv Urements. Washington, D. C.--Be plaint from the army ov fit of uniforms Issued to the war department lia hereafter uniform* sliai fit manikins to be careful measurements In camps in all parts The measuring will ' ' expert anthropologic kin models will be p necessary to Insu forms and these w to which tailors conform. Bird la Smith Centn the teachings oi bath only In ti brought suddei young black! ' that from men unt r\ der an y manimay be standards Inquired to er. Disregarding ts to take a orninjr hours, nd pain to Jim Boyle yard al this place this afternoon. With the sun making the air almost as hot as an oven, the bird spied a crock of water sitting in the sun and making a dart for It plunged in. Mr. Boyle avers the bird gave a sharp squawk of pain as it touched the water, then turned a couple of flips In the air and beating It like the wind for the shade of a tree, shook Itself vigorously for some time, dislodging a handful of feathers. Going to the crock, Mr. Boyle found the water so hot he could not bear his hand in It. Hen Lays Big Epg- Harrlsburg, Pa.--Mrs. Mary Halsey has put forth a claim for the egg-lay- Ing championship for her pet "Blackle." The hen has laid an egg weighing four and a half ounces with circumference eight and a half Inches: "Blackie," although an unusually small chicken, lays an unusually large egg. She also has the distinction «f laying two egg* on some daya. y«, to be half An inu-icsuu* photograph of wagon trucks of the A. E. F. in France discarded us unfit for further use and placed tn (he hands of the "liquidation commission." A minimum value is placed on the stuff, and It Is advertised for sale by the commission. SCOTS DO HONOR TO YANKEE DEAD Glasgow Islay Association ftsues Photographic Album of Tusoania Graves. OFFERED TO NEXT OF Labor of Love to 8how Relatives Haw Last Resting Places of Heroes Are Cared For--Otranto Gravee ^ on Same Island. GljJSOw, Scotland.--Next of kin of the United States soldiers who went down with the Tuscanla may now secure the "Photographic Album of the American Soldiers' Graves in Islay," which has been forwarded for distribution to the American Red Cross, bureau of communications, Washington, D. C. This album is dedicated "to the memory of the brave men who perished through the torpedoing of the S. S. Tuscanla on the 5th of February, 1918--"Their name liveth evermore'" A statement by Dugald Clark, B. D„ honorary president, and other officers of the Glasgow Islay association, thus in part explains the album: "Sympathetic hearts and loving hands were not wanting to pay due honor to the gallant dead. Large crowds gathered from all parts of the island to pay their tribute of respect to the memory of the fallen; and after solemn services the bodies were reverently laid to rest In four different and specially selected cemeteries at Port Charlotte. Kllnaughton, Kinabus and Killeytfn. In numerous homes in America Islay will now be a household word and to many of our kinsmen across the seas It will be the scene of loving pilgrimages in the coming years. But there will be many who, though the name of Islay will touch the deepest chords In their hearts, will never be able to visit, It and see the place where their beloved rest. It may afford them some comfort and satisfaction, however, to possess photographs of the graves which will in some measure visualize to their minds the beautiful spots where their dear ones lie sleeping. With this end in view the Glasgow Islay association, composed of natives of Islay resident in tbe Second City of the Empire, prepares* this album and we offer It now with every mark of profound sorrow and respectful sympathy for acceptance by the next of kin of the bereaved whose remains mingle with the dust of our beloved Island." The frontispiece of.the album Is a drawing In color of the monument, designed by Robert J. Walker of Glasgow, which the American Red Cross will erect at Mull, Islay. There are seven reproductlbns of photographs of the American graves in the four cemeteries. Numbered lists and diagrams make it easy to locate each of the 168 graves; 12, however, contain "unknown dead." The .burial plots are tn beautiful order and the association Is pledged to their upkeep. The monument at Mull will also serve as a memorial to the American soldiers 'who perished In the Otranto disaster and are burled at Kllrhoman, Islay. The transport Otranto and the transport Kashmir, both carrying American troops to France, collided off Islay October 6, 1918, in a gale and thick weather. , The Otranto drifted =g "Hitch in Side" Was Nine Broken Rtos St. Louis.--Thomas Morgan, 54, walked Into the city dispensary and asked doctors to take a look at his side. "I've got a hitch there and It's making me nervous," he told the doctors. They found he had nine fractured ribs and Internal hurts and ordered him seat to the hospital. "A wagon ran over me In East St. Louis," Morgan said, "but I didn't pay any attention to a little thing like that. Today my side got to hurting me considerable and I thought L had ft little touch of rheumatism that oeeded fixing up." ashore and was wrecked with the loss of 366 American soldiers. This rocky island off the southwest coast of Scotland was thus the scene of the only considerable disasters In the transportation of the millions of American soldiers to France. Its American graves make it sacred ground. The work of the Glasgow Islay elation has been a labojr Qjf^ove. Documents Found in Germany Reveal Complete Plant. Secret 8partacan Circular Urges Agitation Among the Noske Home Berlin.--A complete and carefully drawn plan to overthrow the present government and further world revolution is contained In a secret Spartacan circular to Its agents and district chiefs. The document, which was secured by the "genernl bureau for the study of bolshevlsm," begins by regretting that the government signed the pence treaty, thereby delaying the Iinevitable crisis. Tbe document speculates on various possible developments and then sets forth a concrete plan, the first step of which would be to hasten an Internal German crisis by tampering with the home guards of Gustav Noske, minister of defense, which are declared to be less reliable than formerly. t The circular urges Spartacan organizations to agitate among the soldiers by leaflets and verbally. The railroad men, the document says, can be counted as won for revolution. The postal workers are depressed, according to the circular, which goes on to say that the program with regard to the peasants is complete. The winning over of the peasants is declared to be important, for without their sympathy or with their enmity revolutiou would be difficult, if not Impossible. Delay In provoking the revolution Is rather welcomed, "as It will enable further education of the proletariat; but every moment and every situation mugt be utilized toward the final goal," Want Original Tuna. New Raven, Conn.--To obtain a new air for the Yale song "Bright College Years," which Is now sung to "The W»teh On the Rhine," the class of 1899, through Murray Dodge, Its secretary, has offered $1,000 as a prize. The prudential committee of the corporation received the notice and selection of a tune is to rest with the alumni advisory board. TURKISH BATH WEAPON Greeks "Parboiled" and Sent Out Into CokL Then Charges of Frightful Atrocities by Turkish Officials Msde by Doctor White, Charges that Turkish officials decimated the Greek population along the Black sea coast, 250,000 men, women and children living between Sinope and Ordou, without the shedding of blood but by "parboiling" the victims In Turkish baths and turning them half-clad out to die of pneumonia or othtr Ills In the snow of an Anatolian winter, are made in a letter from Dr. George E. White, representative of the American committee for relief In the near East. Sinope was the birthplace of the philosopher Diogenes, Doctor White recalls, and Ordou la just beyond Cape Jason, which Is still preserved In memory of the Argonauts and the .Golden Fleece. The letter, written to Prof. J. P. Xenides, secretary of the Greek relief committee here, described the new method of ridding the land of its ln- 'habitants which, it Is said, was somewhat different from that employed by the Turks against the Armenians. The worst of the crimes laid to the Turks, according to doctor White, were committed In the winters of 1916 and 1917, when orders were issued for the deportation of the Greeks along the Black sea coast. The people, he wrote, were crowded Into the steam rooViis of the baths In Chorum under the pretense of "sanitary regulations," and after being tortured for hours were turned out of doors Into snow almost knee-deep, and without lodging or food. Their garments, which had been taken from them for fumigation, were lost, ruined or stolen. Most of the victims. Ill-olnd' and shivering, contracted tuberculosis and other pulmonary diseases and "died In swarms" on the way to exile, tbe letter declared. Doctor White said that In the province of Bafra, where there were more than 29,000 village Greeks, now less than 13,000 survive and every Greek settlement has been burned. The number of orphans, including some Armenian and Turkish children, in the entire district, it was said, aggregated 00,000. Since the armistice, the dootor wrote, many of the deportees have been returning to their ruined homea. An Egg Oddity. Pottsvllle, Ps.--The most curious egg ever seen in this section was exhibited by Deputy Clerk of the Courts Charles Hawk and Deputy Recorder Unger. It is six inches In diameter and when opened was found to contain two yolks and two shells, a perfect egg being found within the outer shell. The egg was laid by a Plymouth Rock hen owned by William Baker, a farmer near Tower City.' OLD SHELLS HURT CHILDREN Many Are Wounded in Palestine by Accidental Explosions. Jerusalem.--Many children are Injured each day In Palestine by shells und explosives which were scattered throughout the country during the »pen warfare between the Turks and die allies. The battle fields cover such a large area that careful salvaging has been Impossible, and the result Is that children, farmers, or peasant women are frequently mangled by explosions. A large number of the cases treated In the American Red Cross surgical hospital here have been bomb cases, according to the physician In charge. The hospital was operated for seven months, treating a total of 60S patients. In the various clinics and dispensaries operated by the Red Cross In connection with the hospital. 24,900 men, 46,000 women and 70,000 children were treated in 11 months' time. The hospital has now been turned over to the city health department. " I ,t Husband Kept a Prisoner j Four Years by His Wife * For four years William Carrol of Portland, Ore., was kept prisoner by his wife. A lodge, hearing of his case, investigated and obtained his freedom. But that wasn't enough to satisfy him; he got a divorce. Carrol admitted that, owing to his Imprisonment, he did not know the United. States was at war with Germany until five months after wur was declared. His wife, he sal A. believed him incompetent, aftefr an accident which temporarily invalided him, and was aided by their son in keeping him prisoner. He was adjudged competent at a sanity hearing prior to the divorce trial. JAPS BUY PERU LAND, REPORT Acquisition of 800,000 Acres Seen ae the Forerunner to a Colonization Scheme. Lima.--It is reported that Dr. Augusto Durand, a prominent land owner and proprietor of the newspaper La Prensn, has sold approximately 800,- 000 acres of land near Huanuco. on the Amazon watershed to a Japanese syndicate. Three hndred thousand additional acres are In negotiation. The land lies in the sub-tropical belt and is suitable for sugar, cotton, coffee, cocoa and similar products. This land purchase Is considered the forerunner of a big Japanese colonization sbheme. a fcuae^ aching Jbsck „ _ you suffer with sohe, Jwt weak can't do a full day's work wHhaet kidneys aad a soawLftroog, back. Use helped tkwaaii of workers. your neighbor t An DlinoisCaa* X. XL Halbert. prop, o f b a r b e r shop, W. Bridgeport St. White Hall, 111., says: "I was down and out from kidney trouble. My nerves were all unstrung and 1 was weak. I had to give up work and take to my bed. I remained there two months. Ji a r d 1 y able to move. I had night sweats and lost flesh. Nothing helped me until I took Doaa's Kldnof Inila. It wasn't long before Doan'a put onsr kidneys In good shape and I was back at work again, la good health.** (UtlVu'iiil Amr Star*. Me a Sat DOAN'S VSSi* roarreuajoiRN on, BOTAUXILT. INDIGESTION Caused by Acid-Stomach MUllons of peopl*--la fact aboat t oat M It--suffer more or 1*#® from tadiewtlMh acate or chronic. Nearly tvury eaee ts caused by Actd-btaanx h. There are other etomach disorders al*o »rw sore slgna of liihl 1> In*, heartbora, bloat after eattag, teod repeating. soar, (amy tlsnaah. These are many aliments which, while Itij de net c»i»« much distress in the stemaete ttsett, are, nevertheless, trae«abls te aa SBMstomach. Among these are IfcSi MiejWb biliousness, cirrhosis of the liver, rkWMtism. Impoverished blood, vtakstia faHMMkala, melancholia and a long train mt (hya* teal aad mental miseries that / keep 'tfea victims la miserable health year after year. The right thing te do Is to attaek tfeeae aliments at their soarce--rat >U at tfca aaHk ste»a«h. A wonderful modern remedy eallel HA TONIC new makes It easy to do ttrta. One of handreds ot thousands of jgaatefal asers of BATONIC writes: "I have bees troabled with latestlaai Iodise si tea for abeot nine years aad have spent q«lU a earn fM medicine, bat without relief. After aalae BATONIO for a few days the gas aad patat In my bowels disappeared. SATOMIO Is JW he remedy I need ad." We have thousands of letters tetitsg ef these marvelous benefits. Try BATONIC and yea, too, wUl be Just as eathaslastlo In It* Tour drogrlst has KATONIC. Get a Ml Me box from him today. He will leCaai year money If you are not satlsSsd. TONIGHT Tomorrow Alright NR Tablets stop side lelieve bilious attarfrs, teas regulate tbe efiminaUrs make you feel fine. 'Bette TkaNkfoilwai FRECKLES Positively Removed by Dr. Berry's Freckle Ointment Your Druggist or by Mail 68c--Send fer Five leofcM Or.C. tLBeny Ox.z*?5 tAcWgM with Cuticura Clears Dandruff PARKER'S HAIR BALSAM Ltoilet pnpeaaUoa of BMrtfc HINDERCORNSi leans, ota.. stops ail pala. ensares aoahrt to the wwsall kkilnn r a- n. .!•> .•. b.y m.at. I o r a*t -- gMb Hiim Cbeaalsai Works, ratstMstw, X. I. MINNESOTA (OKN LA Ml BARGAINS--At! kinds, slses aotl descriptions. Write toe list. 11 ID WEST LAND AND MORTOAOl COMPANY, lit N. Front Street. Mankato, Mlaa. WB BI'Y AND SELL industrial, oil. mining stocks of ail descriptions Fltsgerald A Ca, Brokers, Boatmen's Bk. liltif.. St. Louis. Me. Poor Time to "Butt In." The pale gentleman to the frock coat bore down on the red-face^ rumply-balred fellow lying aavae a seat on the "down" platform. "My friend," remonstrated the pais gentleman, "did you ever reflOD apthat If you had placed the price of me drink out at compound Interest at tbe time of the beginning of the Ctiristlatt era you would have $15.4G0.28•1,, The red-faced, rompl v-halred aNM raised himself on one elbow. "No," he replied. "I haven't figured It out But I'm something of a calculator, all the same, and If you dont g9 away about 137 yards In nine ani a half seconds I'll hit you 17 times and make you see 42,196 stars. I've Just had four teeth pulled out and you'd better go away before the arithmetic class gets over tbe ropes aai eaM» time." Getting Him Placed. "That raincoat melted a*ay te a*' ttrst storm." "The man who sold tt te yon no weather prophet." "No. He was a weather profiteer.' When the world begins to apple ad a man for his actions bis bead aeta tn> large for bis hat. Natal Is expected to break Its sugar producing record this year wttb as output exceeding 140,000 tooa. If you have a worry that Intel Flfta with your happiness cut It out. they Bnnv if See* oae Murine eAovSaie for Iataat AtaBDrunbfeWritafornaelye Handshake Is Costly. 1 Wheeling, W. Va.--Alleging fee tas been injured for life as a rfestslt cf a handshake, John A. Tennyson of.this city, tiled suit In the circuit court for $5,000 damages against Riley Brings, a former Wheeling policeman. The declarations allege that in grasping his hand, Briggs fractured a hone^ IcittCbc Tennyson a cripple for life.