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WMM, THE MeHKHBY PLAINDEAL1B, MeHBHBT, ILL. ;«' • ( A, -£*•*'• <v*rc*:;«£nj; ; pipl eardB WashiiMStarvs Farewell Address 1 JZOZZDOZT 32&7&J&3ZCHMMZ} EORGE WASHINGTON'S Farewell Address bulked large in the nation-wide discussion of the peace " <;aty and thfe league of nations. Four American state documents figured with Increasing regularity in the debate in the senate and in me thousand and one publ'c speeches and published articles: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, Washington's Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine. The Farewell Address was used at a test everywhere by everybody. Both sides used It. Those Vho opposed the treaty made use of it as a solemn Earning against "entangling foreign alliances"-- • the present-day equivalent of Washington's phrase, "permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world." Those favoring the treaty argued that Washington's political wisdom was of his day ' 4nly, and that his teachings are out of date; ' that while Washington was good and noble he was Vnlearned in the science of government and untrained In the arts of statecraft Those who adhered to the policy of the Farewell (Address also upheld the Monroe Doctrine, holding ®he latter to be the development and outgrowth of , #ie former. The events leading up to the Farewell Address •re briefly as follows: The constitutional convention met In May In Philadelphia. After four *ionths of secret deliberations the Constitution Vas completed and offered to the individual states ior adoption. Nine states were necessary; New fclampshire made the ninth. The Constitution •rent into effect June 21, 1788. George Washington was elected the first president of the United $tates and served two terms, 1789-1796. He declined a third term and established the precedent 1for but one re-election. If Washington accepted the presidency with reluctance it was with pronounced distaste that hie fielded to what he thought was his duty and took vfhe office for a second term. And It proved to be • stormy term. In 1793 France declared war on fengland and Louis XVI was beheaded In France fcy the revolutionists. "Citizen" Genet, representing the French revolutionists, arrived here and fctlrred the American people to a frenzy of •ympathy with France. Washington Issued a neutrality proclamation which aroused a storm of popular protest. Genet's activities resulted in his Recall. In the meantime Great Britain was postponing the surrender of British posts in the North- . %est, taking American sailors from American •hips under the pretext that they were Britons And so acting generally that a large part of the IdMnerican people clamored for war against the •Sritish. Washington finally succeeded in ne- .gotiatlng a treaty with Great Britain, which in part corrected these evils. Thus he succeeded froth in maintaining neutrality and averting war, In spite of discord in his cabinet and division of Sentiment In the nation. And it was with a full jfeeart that he wrote that part of his Farewell Address to the American people, September 17, 1796, As his retirement from the presidency approached. That his heart was full Is shown by these words from the address: "In offering to you, my countrymen, these counsels of an old and affectionate friend, I dare not _ fcope they will make the strong and lasting impression that I could wish--that they will control * the usual current of the passions or prevent our »atlon from running the course which has hitherto -Hftiarked the destiny of nations. But If I may even ;jftatter myself that they may be productive of i iome partial benefit, some occasional good--that ;lhey may now and then recur to moderate the ,||ury of party spirit, to warn against the mischiefs "'flf foreign intrigue, to guard against the imstures of pretended patriotism--this hope will a full recompense for the solicitude for your frelfare by which they have been dictated." The part of the Farewell Address most used, of course, was those paragraphs toward its close, Which bear on foreign relations of the United States. These paragraphs were read into the Congressional Record as follows on several occasions : "Against the Insidious wiles of foreign influence (I conjure you to believe me, fellow citizens) the Jealousy of a free people ought to be constantly ' iwake, since history and experience prove that > {foreign influence Is ono of the most baneful foes ef republican government. . . . TPGRIFAIFZRRT JU,J^ZAJCRC?I$~ , T^The great rule of conduct for us In regard •%* foreign nations is In extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. "Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise In, us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. "Our detached and distant situation Invites and enables us to pursde a different course. If we remain one people, under efficient government; the period is not far off when we may defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon - us, will not lightly hazard the giving M provocation; when we may choose peace or war, sis our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel. . "Why forego the advantages of so peculiar • situation? Why quit our own to stand upon foiv elgn ground? Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, Interest, humor or caprice? "It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with ttiy portion of the foreign w o r l d . . . . "Taking care always to keep ourselves by suitable establishments on a respectable defensive posture, we may safely trust to temporary •»» liances for extraordinary emergencies. "Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations jure recommended by policy, humanity and interest. But even our commercial policy should hold an equal and impartial hand, neither seeking nor granting exclusive favors or preferences; . . . constantly keeping in View that it is folly In one* nation to look for disinterested favors from another; that it must pay with a portion of Its independence for whatever it may accept under that character; that by such acceptance It may place Itself in the condition of having given equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being reproached With ingratitude for not giving more. There can be no greater error than to expect or calculate upon real favors from nation to nation. It is qp illusion which experience jpust cure, which a jug! pride ought to discard." The Monroe Doctrine dates from a declaration December 2, 1823, by President James Monroe in his seventh annual message to congress. The Holy Alliance, formed in 1815 by Russia, Austria and Prussia, was threatening to help Spain recover control of South America. Russia and the United States were In controversy over the Pacific coast boundaries. The nub of the Monro# Doctrine is in these two paragraphs^ "In the discussions to which this interest (the Russian controversy) has glveft rise, and In the. arrangements by which they may terminate, the occasion has been Judged proper for asserting, as a principle In which the rights and Interests of the United States are Involved, that the American continents, by the free and Independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. "With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power (Spain) we have not interfered and shall not Interfere. But with the governments who have declared their Independence and maintained It, and whose Independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view an Interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling In any other manner, their destiny, by any European power, in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States . . ." The promlnehce given the Farewell Address in this public discussion of the treaty should, however, surprise no one. Examination of American state papers shows that Washington's policy has figured largely In many periods of our history and often in connection with the Monroe Doctrine. President Grover Cleveland said: "It Is the polioy of peace suitable to our Interests. It Is the only policy of Monroe and of Washington and Jefferson: "Peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations; entangling alliance with none." President Wilson was In full accord with Grover Cleveland--that there was no change of conditions justifying our abandonment of the policy of "non-intervention" when. In his speech In Washington, on May 16, 1914. he said at the dedication of the monument of Commodore John Barry: "There are Just as vital things stirring now that concern the existence of the nation as were stirring then--to wit, in Washington's time--and every man who wosthily stands in this presence should examine himself and see whether he has the full conception of what it means. America should live her own life. Washington saw It when he wrote his Farewell Address." In this nation-wide debate George Washington has received many an eloquent appreciation. One of the finest was contained in an address by Senator Borah of Idaho on the treaty in the senate In November of 1919. He said, among other things: "What Is the test of statesmanship? Is It the jformation of theories, the utterance of abstract end incontrovertible truths, or is it the capacity and the power to give to a people that concrete thing called liberty, that vital and Indispensable thing In human happiness called free institutions and to establish over all and above all the blessed and eternal reign of order and law 7 * "If this be the test, where shall we Had another whose name Is entitled to be written beside the name of Washington? His judgment and poise In the hour of turmoil and peril, his courage and vision in times of adversity, his firm grasp of fundamental principles, his almost Inspired power to penetrate the future and read there the result, the effect of policies, have never been excelled. If equaled, by any of the world's commonwealth guilders. "Reflect for a moment over his achievements. /He led the Revolutionary Army to victory. He was the very first to suggest a union instead of a confederacy. He presided over and counseled with great wisdom the convention which framed the Constitution. He guided the government through Its first perilous years. He gave dignity and stability and honor to that which was looked upon by the world as a passing experiment, and finally, as his own peculiar and particular contribution to the happiness of his countrymen and to the cause of the Republic, he gave us his great foreign policy, under which we have lived and prospered and strengthened for nearly a century and a half." GERMANY WILL' TRY WAR CHIEFS Allies Yield, but WiH See That None of the Accused ; ': Escapes. CITY PEOPLE LIVE LONGEST Contrary to Very General Belief, the Country is Not the Mtyre Healthful Place to Live. ... It has always been thought that the »|ountry was a more healthful place than the city, but the following article Offered by Prof. B. F. Coen of. the Colotado Agricultural college seems, tft i* jute It: "If we but realize how much of the backwardness and stupidity of many a child is due to health conditions; If We fully realized what It means when 48 per cent of rural children have defective teeth, 28 per cent defective tonsils, 23 per cent adenoids, 21 per cent defective eyes, and when great numbers have enlarged glands, spinal curvature. lung and ear defects or heart disease, we should be a little more enthusiastic about the campaign the Red Cross Is waging to improve the health and sanitation conditions in the villages and In the open country. "There are approximately 1?,000,000 children in rural communities in the United States. Had they had the opportunity to choose, they would have been born in the cities, for their chances of living to be men and women would have been greater. Even New York, the largest city in the world, with Its great congested districts, has a lower death rate than rural New York. "The people of the country might be healthier and stronger, and therefore more capable of doing their part of thi world's work, but they are not. "Will you Join the crusade for bet ter conditions in the country?" Its Species. . BlU--I say, Pat, what Is a seaplane? Pat--It's the sort of an airship irlul lands in the water. GUILT RESTS ON TEUTONS Note Sent to Berlin Premises to Refrain From Intervention In Trial, but Reserves Right to Judge of Justice. London, Aug. 18.--The allied ieply to the German note of January 25, which proposed as an alternative to extradition that persons accused by the allies be tried at Lelpsic, states that Germany's proposal for such trial at Leipsic is compatible with article 228 of the peace treaty. The allies, the note says, will abstain from intervention In the proceedings of that court. , ' • After stating that the allies have carefully considered the German note of January 25, the reply says: "The powers observe, in the first place, that Germany declares herself unable to carry out the obligations Imposed on her by articles 228 and 230, which she signed. They reserve to themselves the power to employ in such measure and form as they may judge suitable the rights accorded to them in this event by the areaty. "The allies note, however, the German government's declaration that they are prepared to open, before the court of Leipsic, penal proceedings without delay, surrounded by the most complete guarantees and not affected by the application of all Judgments, procedure of previous decisions of German civil o." military tribunals before the supreme court at Leipsic, against all Germans whose extradition the allied and associated powers have the intention to demand. "The prosecution which the German government itself proposes Immediately to institute in this manner Is compatible with article 228 of the peace treaty and Is expressly provided for at the end of Its first paragraph. "Faithful to the letter and spirit of the treaty, the allies will abstain from Intervention in any way in the procedure of the prosecution and verdict In order to leave to the German government complete and entire responsibility. "They reserve to themselves the right to decide by the results as to the good faith of Germany, and recognition by her of the crimes she has committed and her sincere desire to associate herself With their punishment. "They will see whether the German government, who haye declared themselves unable to arrest the accused named on the above list and deliver them for trial to the allies, are actually determined to judge them themselves. "At the same time the allies, In the pursuance of truth and justice, have decided to entrust to a mixed interallied commission the task of collecting, publishing and communicating to Germany details of the charges brought against each of these whose guilt shall have been established by their investigations. "Finally, the allies formally emphasize that procedure before a jurisdiction such as It proposed can In no way annul the provisions of articles 228 to 230 of the treaty. "The powers reserve to themselves the right to decide whether the proposed procedure by Germany which, accused all guarantees of Justice, does not, in effect, bring about their escape from the just punishment of their crimes. In this event the allies would exercise their rights to their full extent by submitting the cases fct tWr own tribunal." RIOT OF WASTE IN AIRCRAFT House Subcommittee's Report on War Efforts Bitter Arraignment of Department. Washington, Feb. 18.--A scorching report was made to the full hduse by the subcommittee which has been Investigating aircraft production and expenditures of the war department. Summarized, the committee findings embrace counts of "woeful extravagance; total Incompetency; utter failure, and a wild riot of waste." The report severely critlcfkes Secretary Baker, Colonel Disque and DsNrector Ryan. ------ Mexican Bandits Hold American. Washington, Feb. 18.--Wilson Welsh Adams, an American, has been captured by bandits In Zacatecas, Mex.. and is being held for 50,000 pesos ransom. the state department was advised. Turk Avowal on Staying. Constantinople. Feb. 18.--Turkey denies nil responsibility for the maintenance of order in the Antab region, where James Perry and Frank Johnson, representatives of the American Y. M. C. A., were killed recently. FHID WEHLTH H WIHIEB Canadian Farmers Turn Winter Months to Good Account. Large crops and good prices far the wheat, oats, barley and flax from Canadian farms have made the winter resorts in California at times resemble a meeting of a Canadian farmers' Institute, but the practice among successful farmers of spending their winters holidaying seems to be on the wane. After all, nothing can be more tiresome than having nothing to do, and the farmers of Western Canada are now finding winter employment right on their farms which rivals the attractions of the sunny South. Live stock Is the explanation, according to a six-foot Westerner who dropped into the Canadian Government Information Bureau at Sll Jackson street, St Paul. He was on his way back to Western Canada with a carload of selected breeding stock which had carried off blue ribbons at several state fairs in 1919. "We have found," said he, "that there Is just as much pleasure and a great deal more profit In developing a herd of prize stock as In listening to the murmur of the sad sea waves. Where we used to grow grain exclusively now we are raising stock as well. The fact that steers raised In Western Canada took the grand championship at the International Live Stock Show at Chicago two years in succession shows how well we are getting along. And instead of depleting our bank rolls we add a tidy sum to them." "But don't you find the life monotonous?" "Not in the least. You see, we have a rural club which meets in our school house, where we thrash out all kinds of problems. Here we exchange Ideas and also have occasional talks from government experts, and the man who goes abroad for the winter only realizes how much he has missed when at a summer picnic he hears an address by a neighbor that would do credit to a college graduate. "It was at one of these meetings that we decided to Import a prizewinning stallion, and today our district Is raising some of the best draft horses In Canada. The carload of breeding stock which I am now shipping to my farm is Indirectly the result of our club meetings. We are going to make that little corner of Saskatchewan one of the big stock centers of America. Why shouldn't we? Everything Is In our favor--climate, fertility, cheap land, free grazing land adjoining lots of farms, creameries, government supervision. You know how energetic the northern climate makes a man? Well, It's Just like that with stock. They get to be great, husky fellows, hardy and bigframed-- and that counts on market day. "Come up and see me some time," were his parting words as he left to catch his train. *T11 show you some of the finest land and live stock out of doors, and treat you to a real farm meal--everything but the coffee and sugar grown right on my farm.* That counts some in these days of high prices.*'--Advertisement. Clubs Enough. T want to get something for my husband. He's a golf player.** "Why not get him a new club?" suggested the clerk. "Dear me, no. He belongs to three clubs already."--Detroit Free Press. . MM YOUNGSTERS! Need "Cascarets" when Sick, Bilious, Constipated. When your child Is bilious, constipated, sick or full of cold; when the little tongue Is coated, breath bad an* stomach sour, get a box of Cascarets and straighten the little one right up. Children gladly take this harmless candy cathartic and it cleanses the little liver and bowels without griping. Cascarets contain no calomel or dangerous drugs and can be depended upon to move the sour bile, gases and indigestible waste right out of the bowels. Best family cathartic because it never cramps, sickens or causes Inconvenience.-- Adv. Rubbing It In. "Mrs. Blank Is positively tactless." "Tactless! Why, that woman would wake her husband out of an afternoon nap to show him her dressmaker's bill." Women Who Recormg From Being Nerrou# . Wrecks '•£ Mnrphyiboro, HI.--"When 1 begaa tab* ing Dr. Pieroe'a medicines I was jut a nervous wreck, I could hardly be on my feet. While not able to work, 1 tried to keep up. I was advised to use Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription and Golden Med i c a 1 Discovery, and I took both. I began to get better, and when the treatment was finished I was much stronger and better able to work. The remediee' were fine; easy to take and folly satisfactory."-- Mrs. Wm. Blackburn, 07 N. 14th St. Elgin, Til.--"When T reached middle 1tf» I was miserable with 'heat flashes,' dixzy spells, bearing-down pains, nervousness, sick headaches and sleeplessness. I remembered that when my mother was going through the same period of life she depended upon Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription and the Tleasant Pellets.' She came through the change so well that I took these two remedies and my health improved at once. AD of the annoying distressing conditions that I had suffered with disappeared, and I came through the 'change of life' just as strong and well as my mother had years ago. I can highly recommend these good medicines to all women at this critical period."--Mm Annie Vandenburg, 250 Franklin St. Streator, HI.--"I am very glad to be able to add my testimonial to the worth of Dr. Pierce's excellent remedies. They have been used extensively in my mother's family, and also in my own, and always with the most remarkable success."--Mrs. Ad* Orav-M 106 W. Morrell St. " Acid-Stomach Makes 9 Out of 10 People Suffer Doctor* "-r* that mora than H nonorganic can b« traced to Acid- Stomach. Startlnar with Indigestion, heartburn. belching, food-repeating, bloat, sour, gassy stomach, the entire system eventually becomes affected, ©very vital organ suffering tn some degree or other. You see these victims of Acid-Stomach everywhere---people Who are subject to nervousness, headache. Insomnia, biliousness--people who suffer from rheumatism, lumbago, sciatica and aches and pains all over the body It ta safe to BMT thpt about 9 people out of 10 suffer to some B.tent from Acid-Stomach. If you suffer from stomach trouble or. tven if you do not feel try stomach d 1st re--. yet are weak and ailing, feel tired and dragged out. lack "pep" and enthusiasm and know that something Is wrong although you cannot locate the exact cause of your trouble-- you naturally want to get back your grip on health as quickly as posstble. Then lake EATONIC, the wonderful modern remedy that brings quick relief from pales of Indigestion, belching, gassy bloat, etc. Keep your stomach strong, clean and sweet. Se« now your general health Improves--how quickly the old-timo vim. vigor and vitality comes back! a big 60c box of EATONIC from yoar dragglst today. It Is guaranteed to pleaao fou. If you are not satisfied your druggist will refuiyl your money. FRECKLES Cuticura Talcum Is Fragrant and Very Healthful Soap 25c, Ohfawt 25 aaJ 58c, Tal-- 25c|. D'Annuruio Captures Warships. Flume, Feb. 18.--Two war vessels attached to the forces of Capt. Gahrielle d'Annunzlo have captured an Italian transport having on board .000 regular Italian troops in the Oulf «i bouereno, southwest of this city. • 8enate Halts Ship Sale. - Washington, Feb. 18.--The shipping board was requested by the senate to defer sale of the former Germai. ships for which bids have been submitted until some definite senate action Is taken on the subject Chinese Boycott Jape. •Tfce Hague. Feb. 18.--The boycott of the Japanese by the Chinese in the Dutch East Indies continues, despite all government measures. Many Japrnese have been tarred and mutilated by the Chlneee. THE HIGHEST MEDICAL AUTHORITIES AGREE All eminent physicians agree with Dr. Hare, Caspar! and Rusby. who say In their excellent book. "The National Standard Dispensatory": "Cascara sagrada is considered to be the best drug we have for habitual constipation. It not only Increases the secretions of the gastro-lntestlnai canal, but because of Its bitterness acts as a tonic, improves the appetite and digestion. and prevents the constipation which usually follows the use of similar drugs." Cascara (the hark of the California Buckthorn) is the principal Ingredient of Trlner's American Klixlr of Bitter Wine. The other Ingredients make Trlner's remedy still more perfect and that explains sufficiently why Trlner's American Elixir of Bitter Wine enjoys the renown of being the best remedy for all stomach disorders. Your dealer at whom you buy medicines has also Trlner's Angelica Bitter Tonic. Trlner's Cough Sedative, Trlner's Liniment and other Trlner's highly dependable remedies in stock. --Joseph Trlner Coin piny, 1333-43 8. Ashland Ave., Chicago, 111.--Adv. A Miniature "Holy Land." Upon the hills of southern California ' will arise a replica of Jerusalem, with Its gates, its sacred places, its gardens; and Bethlehem. Jericlio. Naxa- . reth and all the places associated with ? Christ will be filmed with the greatest ' fidelity to truth that It Is possible to A achieve. The program will be a huge one, for It is Intended to cover the whole history of the Bible. The world will await these films with more than ordinary Interest. Eases Colds At Qncel Relief with "Pape's Cold Compound" K- a Don't linger at the bottom of the ladder. Either go up or down. Garfield Tea, the incomparable luith*. pleasant to take, pure, mild in aetioa aad wonderfully health-giving.--Adv. The pay days of those , erfee work (or love are uncertain. The first dose eases your cold! Don't stay stuffed-up I Quit blowing and snuffling! A dose of Tape's Cold Compound" taken every two hours until three doses are taken usually breaks up a severe cold and ends all grippe misery. Relief awaits you! Open yoar clogged-up nostrils and the air passages of your head: stop nose running; relieve the headache, dullness, fever* Ishness, Kneeling, soreness and stiffness. "Pape's Oold Compound" Is the quickest, surest relief known and costs only a few cents at drug stores. It acts without assistance. Tastes nlcst Contains no quinine. Insist Pape's t--Adv. Harmony. "What's all the jew and recfcst about?" "Another harmony dinner, I belief*.*' Louisville Courier-Journal. H' Tor a disordered liver, take Garfield Tea, the Herb laxative. All draggiata.--Adv. Mournful Change. The word jag will dow •olete." "Yes. and It used to he abnolnrew" * MM Mo KeepYi mi Morning KeepYbur EVes Slean - Clear I leelthy m Vi tv- -i -• " i •-1 ts nii^i aft. ^11" "MI