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7 - ' . " "OJ.T." SPOOL COTTON. How and Where it is Made--He Out Thread Company--Largest IRfcrks in the Hew World-- Aoret of Splendid Build- --Forests of Won- derftil Machinery. The Process of Manufacture. Down In the Cotton Fields--Th« fmptoyei' Societies--TIMH Chirk Hose Comn^ny*~A CSrand Relief Society-- Employees' Centen­ nial Excursion-- The Renowned Eureka Club and Thistle Band, MANY INTERESTING PARTICULARS,, , [From the Essex County Press, Newark, N. J.J At the foot of Clark street, in the F-igM-h ward of the city of Newark, on the banks of the Passaic, occupying several acres ot ground, upon which are buildings the flooring of which mea«ure« nearly eighV acres, are situated the largest thread works in the New World, em­ ploying about fifteen hundred hands and pay­ ing out every two weeks from sixteen to twenty thousand dollars in wages, to be distributed by the employes among different classes and occu­ pations in the city, and from fifteen to twenty thousand per month to other parties here, who, in various wayB, are connected with this vast establishment. Although having the largest pay-roH of any employers in New Jersey, and contributing more to the welfare and prosperity of the city than all its financial institutions combined, we hear less in the newspapers of this world of wealth-makers than of some second-class money-lending shop on Broad street. It would be useless for any one to at­ tempt to trace to their source all the varied in­ dustries which have entered into the produc­ tion of Clark's " O. N. T." Spool Cotton, which is sold by every merchant dealing in dry goods, fancy goods, hosiery, notions, etc., in the Uni­ ted States, and contains two hundred yards of that indispensable article, strong, smooth and beautiful. It is made up of HKABLY KHITI-TWO BULLION DOUBLINGS, and yet is so fine as to be hardly visible A few inches from the naked eye. The immense capi­ tal invested in The Clark Thread Company's Works, and the vast volume of business, amount­ ing to several millions per annum, extending tp ©very part of the United States, is one of the principal sources of Newark's prosperity. What it is and the blessings which flow from it are not realized by one in a thousand of th£ people who dwell within the sound of their tower bell. Notwithstanding the large amount of money which the establishment was to pour into the hands of every merchant and trader in the city, as events have shown, the first tiling which the City Fathers .did when these works were being erected wasito tax the bricks and material not yet shaped into buildings. It was on a pat with the intelligence and appreciation of the REAL SOURCES OF WEALTH, usually exhibited by the average politician. Had it been some trust company or curbstone broker that asked exemption, it would proba­ bly have been granted. Some idea of the value of these works to the community may be had by an illustration of a thing which might really happen at any time. The Clask Thread Com­ pany employ, as stated, about fifteen hundred persons* paying out to them sixteen to twenty thousand dollars every two weeks. These hun­ dreds of hands pay out that money to the butcher, the baker, the grocer, the clothier, the dry-goods merchant, and all who have any­ thing to seD get a part of it in some way, either directly or indirectly. From their hands it goes to pay debts, meet obligations and fill the channekwjf trade with the circulating medium called money, and which is to business what blood is to the htunan system, giving it life, animation and power. Suppose to-night those works were1 - ,' ~r~TTC7r.I> BY ITEE. They one fully insured. The Clark Thread Company receive their insurance in cash froih' their underwriters. They say to themselves: " Business is dull, sales are uncertain, profits are small, the future is unknown, and our taxes are heavy. The vast business requires close attention and persistent energy. We will not take this money and rebuild the works, but adopt the plan pursued by most moneyed men, viz : go to Washington, buy'Government bonds, bring them home, pujt them in a tin box, pay no taxes, and sit down to take our ease, eat, •drink and be merry, with 110 thought of care, supported in luxury without risk by the interest on our bonds, paid by taxation of the producing classes." Can any man calculate the wide­ spread ruin which would follow such a calamity and course of action by The Clark Thread Com­ pany? It would be incalculable. All those people who earned money to purchase what they wanted to^ buy would be added to the list of paupers who to-day. clamor for work or bread. Misery, want, 8TABVATION AND CBIXB would be the fruit of such a course. But this is exactly what has been done throughout the country, and explains why one in twelve in New­ ark are to-day supported by the city. The pro­ ductive capital of the country, which employed our now idle millions, has been put into Gov­ ernment bonds, and appalling destitution and want are on every hand, and increasing at a fearful rate. Labor is the source of all wealth and prosperity, and there is no loss equal to that which follows enforced idleness of the produc­ ing classes. There is no music so full of joy and peace and good will to men as the song of labor and the music of machinery. Better far that all other songs be hushed and every note be stilled, rather than those, and to them we now introduoe the reader. ON THE DOCK of The Clark Thread Company, which is five hundred feet long, is a mountain of two or three thousand tons of coal, drawn out of boats at the wharf by a donkey engine, and the bales of ootton find their way from the same wharf to the brick house for the storage of that precious material, one pound of which will make one hundred miles of thread, containing about forty-two million doublings. The mind cannot grasp the numerical fact. But four grades of ootton an ordinarily used in the manufacture of Clark's "O. N. T." Spool Cotton, and known as "-Sea Island Cotton." This comes prin­ cipally from South Carolina, and is grown on the small islands along the coast. Con­ siderable is raised on the peninsulas and around the bays and inlets, bnt it is not equal to that of the sea islands, which is the finest in the world. The first bag of this sea island cot­ ton of the crop of 1876 was purchased by the Clark Thread Company at fifty cents per pound. The inland ootton is not used in the manu­ facture of thread, being too short in the fiber. On these sea islands were the richest planters at the South in THE OLD SLAVE DAYS, many of them having as high as six hundred •laves, and compared with whom the feudal lords of England were children in luxury, hos­ pitality and elegance. But to-day all is changed. Those vast .estates are cut up into small planta­ tions, many of them owned by the negroes, who now call no man master. They bring in their season's product, sometimes on a mule and again in large quantities. Brokers on the ground or at the landings buy and pay the ne­ groes for their(cotton, often dividing the money according to the labor performed in raising the crop. Some lease the laud of the former own­ ers, but the old state of things is "dun clar' gone." This trade and traffic, it may be fairly expected, will in a few years largely increase the wealth and intelligence of fhe race in these localities. - THE SEA ISLAND COTTON brings treble the price of inland, and ranges from thirty to ninety cents per pound, accord­ ing to grade. An acre will produce in the neighborhood of three hundred and fifty pounds of seed cotton, which when ginned weighs about seventy-five pounds, or one to five. The negroes, without doubt, will event­ ually grew all the cotton, as not one in five ot the Northern men have thus far succeeded in their attempts. Let the reader remember that we have not looked at a single piece of ma­ chinery yet, and then calculate the number of people and the amount of wealth these works employ and produce, before we reach the fao- torv. The sail, the mine, commerce and manu­ factures, all find employment to supply The Clark Thread Company's works, and when they stop the cotton may bloom and fall un- plucked, the coal miner may starve on a bed of black diamonds, the sails on the" rivers be spread to the breeze no more, and the lathes in a hundred shops be left to rust in silence. The manufacture of Clark's " O. N. T." cotton embraces the island of the sea and penetrates the bowels of the earth, utilizing the treasures of wealth on every hand, enriching and bless­ ing mankind at every step, from the womb of ages to the looms of Newark. We will now examine into the immediate sources of the power which drives the endless machinery of this vast hive of industry, with its sixty miles of belting and about seventy miles of steam pipe for heating purposes. WE ENTER THE ENGINE HOUSE, itself large enough for an ordinary factory. Here is a mighty production of human brain and brawn. Irfthe presence of this monster, with its majestic tread, one feels his own insig­ nificance and frailty. This vast piece of ma­ chinery, moving silently, save the sharp click of the improved steam cut-offs, if. equal in power to the combined draught of six hundred horses, and is two engines in one, usually termed a double engine. The fly-wheel, traveling at the rate of forty-eight revolutions per minute and carrying three huge belts on its surface, each two feet wide, is seventy-eight feet in cir­ cumference, twenty-five feet in diameter, and weighs thirty tons, or sixty thousand pounds. The shaft is fourteen inches in thickness,'the double cylinders are twenty-six inches in diame­ ter, witfc condensers, and a stroke of five feet. They were built by Corliss, in 1874. One of the three belts on the fly-wheel is one hundred and fifty feet in length. But even this double monster could not run the works. It has a big twin brother, and together they travel every day for ten hours 011 their endless journey, and never get tired. Tliev are wonders of power and elegant workmanship, worthy of a visit from any one who wants to see the BIGGEST PAIR OP TWINS in Ne^STersey. They are supplied with ster.r" from nine immense tubular boilers and four large upright boilers, Corliss' plan. They con­ sume twenty-five tons of coal per day. whicli will give some idea of the amount of steam neec: -<ary tr irive?tli. immense establishment. Besides these there are three ordinary-sized engines, made by Watts, Campbell «k Co., of Newark, in different parts of the works, making seven in all, a grand total of nearly fourteen hundred horse-power. The young mountain of coal, which looks enough to last the whole citv a year, is rebuilt bv two hundred and fifty ton boat loads, at brief interval '!. MANUFACTURING THE THREAD. The cotton is brought in bales to the mixing rooms, when it is examined and placed in bins, according to the different grades, ready for the scutching machines, which open and b _at the material, cleaning it from the dirt and sand it contains in the bale. After going through the scutching machine, it comes out in the shape of a roll, like wall paper, comparatively soft, white and clean. It is, however, really in a very rough state compared with the fineness and perfection that is to be reached. Several of these scutching machines are running con­ tinually, and their sound is like the roar of a lightning express train as it whirls past the platform where you stand. The first scutcher is fed with the bale cotton from a hopper which lets it through into knives set in large rollers, which revolve with tremendous force, and lightning speed, picking the cotton into Bmall pieces, and passing it by suction of air on to other rollers, between which it goes and comes out in the shape of a web or " lap" in large rolls. Four of these rolls are then placed upon a machine like the first and run together through the same process of PICKING AND BEATING AND CLEANING, when it oomes out again in the same shape as before, rolled to exactly the thickness which it is desired to make the 41 sliver" from which the thread yarn is to be spun. What a " sliver" is will be learned further on. The machine is so delicately set that it regulates the thickness of the web or lap to within half an ounce, in a web of five feet, weighing only twelve to eighteen ounces. After being pnt through three scutching machines in t.hi« way and com­ ing out with eight thicknesses of web or lap similar to that produced by the first process, it is ready for the carding machines. This de­ partment is filled with Carding Machines, Drawing Frames, Lappers, and Combing Ma­ chines, a perfect labyrinth of belting, pulleys and machinery, the noise of which is like the roar of many waters mingled with the clatter of a thousand wheels. One of the large rolls of web or lap that came from the last scutching machine is placed on a carding machine, which takes and rant it ' BETWEEN THE of a large and small cylinder for the purpose of drawing oat the entangled fibers and laying them parallel or in same line of direction and also to remove the small pellicles or motes which may have escaped the action of the •catching machine. After being treated in t-hia way, a comber or doffer takes the web from the •nail cylinder, which is now a delicate gauze ; and it is gathered up and passed through a •nail hole, say half an inch in size, after which it is coiled in a revolving can. The whole pro- , oess is one of wonderful delicacy, the material being so finely worked that a breath of air Would break it. This card contains ninety thou­ sand square teeth to a foot, or a total of four million one hundred and eighty-six thousand. On the carding machine is a little joker that works like some old man, raising the wire-cov­ ered flats from the teeth of the carder, which it cleans, and throws off the particles of dirt and coarse cotton left on them. Six of the TIN CAMS, CALLED CARD 8UYEB8, in which the roll is wound are now taken to another machine called a Drawing Frame and ran together into one " sliver." These six are so light that when they are passed together through a hole and made one, they fall into another sliver and are then no larger than one of the six from which it was made, although they have not yet been twisted at all. Fourteen of these cans full of slivers are placed at the " Lapper" and run between two rollers, making a new web nine inches wide and half an inch thick, which comes out like the original roll from the scutching machine that takes'the cot­ ton from the bales, only that now it is soft and delicate as is possible to conceive, weighing only one hundred and forty-five grains to the yard, nine inches wide. It now goes in rolls" to a wonderful little machine, a French invention, first introduced in this country by The Clark Thread Company. It is a refined carding ma­ chine, the product of which is as much superior in fineness to the large carders just described as the most elegant silk goods are to THE COARSEST COTTON CLOTH. It is called the French comhing maehlnm, and is only nsed by the best thread-makers, as it is very expensive and, while it makes the thread superior in quality, it adds twenty per cent, to the cost of manufacture. Six of the rolls of webbing are now passed together through the combing maohine between two rollers, and combed by innumerable steel teeth to the fine­ ness of gossamer and the thinness of a spider's web. It passes on, is gathered into one soft round "sliver" again, goes through rollers once more, when it is coiled into cans as before, with a loss of twenty per cent, on the material which composed the web when it was put on the French machine. It is a texture so fine <nd soft that one cannot but wonder how it bears its own weight. After the last process, six of the slivers are again put through tne drawing frame making one sliver no larger than any of the six from wliich it is drawn. Then six of these last are put through the same process reducing them in size six tunes, and adding that to the length. This is repeated three times, and each time they are coiled into cans. The last sliver is the same size and weight as when the process began, although doubled four hundred and thirty-five thousand four hundred and fifty-six times. The last cans are now taken to THE FIRST SLUBBING FRAKE, from which cans they are passed through rollers, then twisted to about the size of a lead pencil, and wound on bobbins, all bv the same machine. From this they go to the second stubbing frame, where one hundred and two spindles on each machine arc winding yarn from two hundred and four bobbins, which came from the first slubber, two threads being wound upon one spooL The next, or interme­ diate, stubbing machine wiuds upon one hun­ dred and seventy-si^ spools, from three hun­ dred and fifty-two bobbins, which came from the second slubber. The next and last is called the roving machine, and fills two hundred and forty spools, which came from four hundred and eighty bobbins, from the intermediate slub- bing machine. By this repetition of doubling and twisting the yarn is fast becoming strong and hard. We now follow tlio yarn called "roving" to the self-acting "mule," which makes eight hundred and forty threads of vara from sixteen hundred and eighty bobbins. rfhis wonderful machine, two of which are operated by one man, draws out the yarn and twists it from sixteen hundred and* eighty spools, when it comes away, and on its return wiufejt on eight hunched cops (spools) making the uM number of thread yarn. We now come to THE THREAD HILL, which is a distinct and independent depart" ment The cotton yarn comes here, and first goes to the cop of winding machines, where it is run from the oops, through delicate balances, over soft felt ground, upon bobbins, two threads together unon one. From the cop winding de­ partment the bobbins go to the slinging de­ partment, where the two threads that were run together on the spool, in the cop winding de­ partment, are twisted or spun in one thread. The thread, as it vis lyrr'nuid,,runs through water, and rapidly over glass guides, ami the bobbin which receives it rtwolves five thousand times per minute, twisting hundreds of threads on each machine. After being twisted two threads together, making one hard thread, three of the latter are again run together on a bobbin, the same as in the first cop winding department. Three of these are now twisted together, making six strands, and THE rnocEss OF TWISTING THEM is exactly the same as the one last described. It is known as the finishing twisting depart­ ment. Wlien the thread conies from the fin­ ishing twisting department, it is inspected with the greatest care by skillful |>ersous. and put through several tests before passing the reel­ ing department, to be wound in skeins for the bleach house. The machines in this depart­ ment are very curious, and daily turn out vast quantities of thread, which is packed, and given a through ticket to the bleach and dve houses. They measure off the tlireadlnto skeins of an exact length and size, and when they have reeled off just the right amount of yarn, always stop, and; unlike some kind of yarners, they never forget to tell the same story without variations. Again, after coming from the reels, machine, used only to dye black. It does the work far better than by hand, and is eqnal to the labor of more than a dozen men. ALL COLORS OF THREAD •re made, and the quantities of soaps, dye- stuffs, and other material of the kind used, are Immense. Eighty thousand gallons of water are consumed daily in the bleach house alone, ana one of the Artesian wells of The Clark 1 bread Company has a capacity of one hundred ana filtv thousand gallons per day. This is a resiaikable well, sixteen feet deep and eight feet in diameter, of which Professor Mavnard, the New \ork chemist, said it produced the purest water he ever saw. It makes a man thirsty to look at it, and is absolutelv free from any particles of matter, by chemical" test. The thread is blued 011 a Dig scale, which gives that handsome tint so greatly admired by the ladies. Then it is committed to the tender mercies of the baby washer, which are cruel, and goes through it ten times. The babv is built like an ordinary washing machine, but each of the rollers weighs a thousand pounds, and as the thread passes through the water into thu washer THE* HOP AND JUMP and pound with antics queer, but it does the business thoroughly. This was formerly done by the old-fashioned pounder and barrel' which our grandmothers used to set us at when we were boys, before going to schookin the morning. Then it is drawn through the rinser, whichis a simple and novel machine, continually sup­ plied with pure artesian well water. The lliread passes over a roller into the water.comes op again over another roller, then down into the water, and up and down, and out and in, and out and up over the reels into great boxes on wheels, from which it is put into a large water extractor, a perforated hollow cylinder, revolving several thousand times per minute, and then it is transported to the drying room. In this way five hundred heads can be rinsed in four minutes, which used to take an hour and a half. After the thread, has come out of the drying room, COLORED OR UN COLORED, it goes to the ware rooms, where it is counted and put in packages to be given out prepar­ atory to being wound upon spools for the market. The thread having reached this stage of perfection, has become very valuable and is looked after with the greatest care. Tickets direct it to its different departments and de­ note its eiao, quality, etc. The inspection and testing of thread is one of the most important features in its production, and it would sur­ prise the lady who sews day after day with Clark's " O. N. T." spool cotton to know by what patient and constant care the perfect smoothness and regularity of the thread was secured. It is now taken to the hank winding department and wound upon large bobbins, when it is ready for its last wind upon the spools, from which it is taken by the consumers for its thousand uses of necessity and utility, from tying the rag on the boy's whittled and bloody finger, to the delicate embroidery of the wedding garment. THE SPOOLING DEPARTMENT. The spooling room is a busy place, where spools of thread of all sizes and colors bv tens of thousands are woimd every day, two hundred yards on a spool. The self-acting spooling ma­ chine is a marvelous piece of mechanism. The spools are placed in an iron gutter by the oper­ ator, when the machine picks them up, puts them 011 a shaft eight at a time, winds the thread upon them at the rate of three thousand revolutions per minute, cuts a little slot in the edge of the S(KJO1, catches the thread in it, nips it off, drops the spools full of thread into boxes below, pieks up eight more empty spool,1), places, winds and drops them as before, and never makes a mistake. Themacliine. which is used in this countrv only by The Clark Thread Compan v, was exliibited by them at the Centen­ nial, and, with their magnificent case of goods, was one of the great attractions among the many wonders of the exhibition. From the spooling department, the spooled thread is taken to THE WAREROOM, where the beautiful little label containing the uanie, nuinbcrj etc., of the thread, is put on by girls. The quickest of them will put labels on the ends of nine or ten thousand 111 a day, all of which have to be moistened by the tongue, Elaced 011 the spool, and then struck with tlie and to paste it. Some of these girls work about as quick as lightning. After ticketing, the spools of thread are put into Isjxes of one dozen each. They are then ready for packing. About twenty-five thousand feet of lumber per month is cut at the mills, in Michigan, to the various lengths required, and all that is done here is to put the Doxes together. A private wire runs from the works in Newark to the New- York office, and the line is kept busy in sending orders and transmitting messages of the com- pauy. In the short time we were there several large orders came m from different parts of the country, and among them were some from Maine, Texas, California, Wisconsin, Oregon, etc. The Clark Thread Company sends out an­ nually vast quantities of show cards, calendars, eto., some of which are magnificent specimens of the lithographic and printer's art. IS THIS A FAIR COUNT? The number of feet of draught which one pound of cotton undergoes It one trillion, seven hun­ dred and seventy-two billion,three hundred and twenty million, six hundred and thirty five thousand, six hundred feet,or,stated in figures, 1.772.320.635,600, a distance of 335.477,582# miles. The following demonstrates the ap­ parently incredible statement: The web of cotton from which this immense length of thread is drawn is forty inches wide. It goes to the carder, where it is drawn to 4x120, equal to 480 feet. Then the drawing frame increases it to !H0x6, ( ^'.mlto 2,-880 ; thc-Iappu <£,88(>x2*i', equal to C,480; the comber draws it out to 6.480x2(5. eqnal to 168,480 ; thrn. it goes to the first head drawing frame, where 1G8,4S0X6 equal to J,010,880. WE THREAD IS CAREFULLY INSPECTED, the work employing several girls, who cut all the rough and imjierfect thread from the hanks. After this second inspection, we find it next at the bleach house. The bleach and dye houses are among the most interesting depart­ ments of this vast establishment, although not the most agreeable. The progress in wash- mg machinery, that is here exhibited, would make our grandmothers think that the millen- ium had come. The baby washer, as we call it, of this concern, is rather of a large child, whose place and uses will appear later. After the thread is sent from the inspection department to the bleach aud dye houses, it is unpacked, counted and put into large tanks, immense loads at a time, and boiled ,bv steam for several hours, which takes out the dirt and CLEANS IT PERFECTLY. It is then put through washings oft, and preparations wonderful and curious. The water used, we iudge. would have increased the flood Just about enough to have lifted Noah's ark, from the snag on Mount Ararat. Some of the wash tubs are of stone, and all are on a scale equal in magnitude to any of Col. Sellers' schemes for making millions. The loads of thread are put in and taken out of boilers, rinsers, washers, dryers and half a dozen other processes by machinery. Then after all this it goes right back to those huge steam boilers, and the same thing is done over again. The dry room is heated by seven thou­ sand five hundred feet of steam pipe, and can be regulated to any desired temperature. After leaving the reeling department, the thread that is to be colored goes to the dye house, and that which is to remain white to the bleach house. In the dye house iB the patent dveiiig THE SECOND DRAWING FRAME multiplies the last length by six again, making 1.010. SSI 1x6 equal to 6,0(>5,2M0. which repeated 011 the third drawing frame makes a length of (>,065.280x6 ecuial to 36,391.680 feet. Now comes the first stubbing frame, where 36,391,680x5 is eqnal to 181.958,400 ; the second slubber 181,- 9<W.400x414 equal to 818,812.800 : the interme­ diate slubber 181,958,400x6 equal to 4,612,876,- #00 ; the finishing thread winding machine makes the total length of the thread 4,912,876. 800x6 equal to 29,477.260,800. Now it goes on bobbins to the " milt," where 29,477,260,800x9# gives us 272,664,662,400 feet. We then inulti- tiplv the last number of feet, which states the total length of one pound of cotton drawn into thread, bv the length of the original web, which is six and a half feet, and have the total as stated before, 272.664,6(52.400x63-^ feet, making a grand total of 1,772,320,635,600 feet. The cotton, when finished as yarn, has been doubled six million, nine hundred and sixty- seven thousand, two hundred and ninety-six thnes(6,967,296), in passing through the differ­ ent processes. When the yarn is made into six cord finished thread, the above number of doublings have been multiplied by six, making a total of 41,803.762 doublings. Now divide the total draught, 1,772,327.632,600, by the total doublings, and, if the work is correct, we shall have the total number of feet of yarn in a pound of cotton, which is 254,337 feet. But there has been 20 per cent, loss in the manu­ facture, which must be added, making a total of 305,254 feet of yarn for a pound of cotton, or F20 hanks of 840 yards each, enough to reach from New York to Trenton, a distance of sixty miles. MACHINE AND CABINET SHOPS. BOX FACTORY AND PRINTING HOUSE. The Clark Thread Company do all their printing and lithographing at the works here. Four printing presses are kept running all the time, and in the lithograph department one steam press and six or eight hand lithograph presses are continually employed. In both de­ partments the practice of the "art preserva­ tive " is in the highest stvle. Orders for the paper box department in tne one item of straw board are given as high as eighty to one hun­ dred tons at a time. In the machine shop a a large number of men are employed in malqng new machinery and keeping in repair the vast auantity in use in the various departments of the works. The cabinet factory turns out abcut two hundred cabinets per day. The bobbins, etc., used in the mill are made here. I11 fact about all the Clark Thread Company go out­ side for is the raw material. They manufacture all they use, except a few of the more intricate or patented machines. THE CLARK HOSE COMPANY. One of the best organized and equipped fire companies in the city of Newark is the " Clark Hose Company," organized Mav 15th, 1869. There are twenty members, employes of the factory, brave, active men, trained by frequent practice to their dutv, and proud of their com­ pany and outfit. Their equipment is as fol­ lows : Two hose carriages with wrenches, bars and axes, carrying seven hundred and fifty feet of hose on reels and two pipes with extra noz- ales. They also command nine hundred feet of hose with pipes and nozzles in twenty-on© different stations, in and around the factory, one Cameron fire pump, one Worthington, one Watts A Campbell, and one Blake pump, one hundred and seventy-eight filled buckets in their proper places throughout the w orks, six\ teen hand pumps, sprinklers in all the rooms of) the cotton mill, the packing house, the machinci and [carpentcr shop and the' drving rooms. There are also sprinklers in the two top floors of the thread null and in the warehouse, and there are thirty-five fire plugs or hydrants on the premises. Regular meetings are held on the second Monday in each month, jmd practice ie u«u every two weeks. Examination of all •valves, hydrants, pumps and other equipments takes place «i the first of each month, and a minute report of the exact condition, position and effectiveness of the fire service is made to The Clark Thread Company. THE CLARK THREAD COMPANY FEF.LIEF SOCIETY. One of the beBt and most beneficial organi­ zations wliich constitutes a part of the system and care of the Clark Thread Company for their employes, is the Relief Society, It was organized January 22d, 1870, for the purpose of providing a fund for the relief of those who THE NEW YORK HOUSK. At No. 400 Broadway, corner Of Walker street. New York, is the splendid marble build­ ing of George A. Clark & Brother, the sellinff agents of The Clark Thread Company. The entire five stories of their magnificent p'laoe an fitted up with every facility possible for the prompt transaction of their immense" " About Foreigners, correspondent writes to know sonj£- tliing about, the distribution of the for­ eign population in this country, moke especially the Irish and Germans. There has been no census since 1870, so that the present exact condition of the various nationalities, as to numbers, is unknown. Such information as was ob­ tained then is all that is available at the present time. In 1870, the States haw­ ing a population of foreign birth _ bering over 200,000 were as follows : California L 309,331 Illinois • M518e Newlork f i low... : Massachusetts -- Michigan-. ' Missouri Ohio ' 863*319 868,016 Penus ylvania Wisconsin $£4,499 In all, these States have over 3,000,- 0Q0. As to Germans and Irish, there a*e several States having over 100,000 of might, by accident or sickness, be incapacitated | one or the other or both of these nation- from sustaining themselves. All the employes 1 alities, as follows • of the company must be members of the "so- stai, ciety. and escli recieves assistance when I 111'inin?' needed, from the fund according to the amount i Ma^siichinette.. paid in, which mnstbeat least one cent per j Misewu-i week, but 110 one is permitted to pay iu an amount which would draw, in case of sickness, more than hsdf their average weekly wages. Every cent paid in draws seventy-five cents per week. The Clark Thread Company contributes five dollars per week to the fund without cessa- Irish. .. 120.1*53 216,130 .. „ , S4.SWS Now \ork....;. V. -m,m O h m ^ . 8 2 , 6 7 4 Pennsylvania..... . i % ^ Wiscousin. Gift man. 1KW.758 33,072 113.6lg .a82 182.897 ltWt,146 lb-2.au From this statement it will be seen the Irish predominate in Massachtt- tion, but all others cease their contributions setts, New York and Pennsvlvania • and when the unexpended balance in the treasury 1 the GermanR in Tlli^rn'o reaches fifteen hundred dollars. When the i "il-T!??Wisconsin, Mia- fund is reduced to seven hundred dollars, pay- I °"U11 oVa A1Jmo19 fliere or ments are renewed. The payments into the i were 111 lo70, nearly twice as many Ger- treasury average about nine months in the year. 1 mans as Irish, while in Wisconsin the We hope that this humane and systematic j former outnumber the latter nearlv four fAud_. »^»y, »«itator8 | to one since the census was taken in 18/0, the ratio of the two nationalities throughout the country, who read this article. The company pays interest at seven per cent, on the money 111 the treasury, besides their five dollars per week into the fund. Si^ce its or­ ganization one thousand three hundred and ninety-seven members have been relieved, and has not greatly changed. Among both immigration lias fallen off largely, and, if there be any difference, it is in favor of the Germans. Not only has immigra- twenty-four deaths have occurred in the society. ! fallen off from Germany, but there The reason that the receipts for 1874 and 1876 has been a very respectable emigration ' ' ' * ' * ' thither from the United States.--CW- cago Times. • .! are less than usual is because the fund hod reached the maximum of $1,500. and payments were stopped. The following very interesting table shows the amount received *ud paid out from 1870 to 1876 inclusive: Years, Receipt*. Payment*. 1#70 $1,7*2.34 (1,504.38 187 1 2,247.95 2,010.82 1872 2,114.42 1,7«4.88 1W3 2,3«1.57 1,74'.!.'21 1R74 Klfi.fiO 1876 1,541.01 1,624.7.1 " 77.04 1876 958.31 1,751.94 $11,936.82 ToUl $12,923.84 Balance in treasury Jan. 1. 1877, $986.82. HOW CLARK'S " O. N. T." SPOOL COTTON ORIGIN­ ATED. Until within a few years, the great difficulty to V»e overcome in the introduction of sewing machines was the objections made by manu­ facturers and operators to the then ponulnr threads. These complaints were so louu and well founded that the sale of sewing machines was greatly impeded 011 account of the impos­ sibility of obtaining a thread adapted to their use. Mr. George A. Clark, appreciating the difficulty, introduced into the American mar­ ket the now famous Clark's " O. N. T." Sj>ool Cotton, all numbers being six cord, from 8 to 100, wliich met the demand, did-away with all complaints, and long since established its repu­ tation as the best thread in use for sewing machines pr hand sewing. To Mr. George A. Clark belongs the credit of being the tirst to supply those lino qualities of Six-Cord Spool Cotton with which his name is associ­ ated. The thread is used and recom­ mended by agents of the Singer, Wheeler A Wilwon, 0 rover Jt Baker, Domestic, Howe, Florence, Weed, Wilson, Bices, Remington, Se- cor, Home, Lathrop aud other sewing maciiinc companies. The suj»erior ipiality of ('lurk's " O. N. T." Spool Cotton soon secured for it an immense sale, but with the great popularity of the goods came also counterfeits which made it necessary for the manufacturers to adopt a trade mark for their own and the public's protection, and now upon every genuine spool of their thread is the following : The trademark is familiar to every merchant in the United States, and all who have ever tried the genuine Clark's "O. N. T." SpoolC(*- ton continue to use it. EMPLOYES AT THE CENTENNIAL. A noticeable feature of The Clark Thread Company has always been their thoughtful aud considerate attention to the welfare and pleasure of their employes. The Centennial Exhibftion afforded an opportunity for its practical illustration which should not pass un­ noticed in this article. Desiring to give all their operatives an opportunity to witness the great Exhibition at Philadelphia of what the na­ tion had accomplished during the first'hundred years of its existence in industry and art, the company planned aud earned to complete success* a monster excursion to 1'hiL- delphia, which embraced their fifteen hundred employes, with invited guests, members of the press, aud the Mayor aud Common Council of the city of Newark. Some idea of its extent may be gained w hen it is known that forty-five railroad coaches were employed for their accommodation, and the cost for transportation, admission, entertain­ ment, etc., exceeded six thousand dollars. But this large sum is small compared with tho un­ alloyed pleasure which was afforded the grand army of industrious people who find employ­ ment at the dark Thread Company Works in Newark. The Common Councd passed and caused to be beautifully engrossed and pre­ sented to the Company a series of resolutions, from which, for lack of space, we copy only the following extract: " Iiesolved, That we witnessed with great satisfaction the kindness and attention shown by the officers of this Company to their fifteen hundred working people and the evident good feeling that exists between them ; recognizing that, when labor and capital thus harmonize, prosperity must ensue. *' Ilesotved, That the location of the CLABI THREAD COMPANY in our city, with their im­ mense works and their army of operatives, has proved a vast benefit, and that Newark is and should be, justly nroud of her manufactures on which her growtn and prosperity must ever depend, and that this municipality shonld fos­ ter and encourage by every proper means their establishment and success. /" Resolutions of thanks to the company were also passed by the employes." / ' THE ECITEKA BOAT CLUB AND THISTLE BAND. The now famous crew, which came so near winning the prize against the world at the Cen­ tennial International Regatta last August, is from Tin: Clark Thread Company's Wbrks prin­ cipally. It has a list of thirty- five active and about forty honorary members. It is the cham­ pion crew of the Passaic, and has beaten the celebrated Atlantib crew of New York. They won the first heat on Monday, August 28th, 1876, at Philadelphia, beating the Dublin and Argonauta crews. On the second day they were beaten by the celebrated Beaverwvcks, of Al­ bany, by oiUv six seconds, the Beavcrwycks wi tiling the championship of the world the Uni duv, the Newark boys of .The ClarV Company coming very close to the champion­ ship of the world. The Thistle Band, one of the best in the State, is organized from the employee of the company and plays for all the many excursions and festivals of the employes, besides answer­ ing outside calls when made. They accompa­ nied the Eureka* to Philadelphia, arid also the grand excursion of the employes to the Cen­ tennial last year, and always p'lay at all the re­ gattas in fffcich the Enrekas take part "Wo In and Holler, Then." At a recent meeting of the Detroit Temperance Reform Club, one of the speakers explained the cause of his pres­ ence by relating the following incident: When Phil. Sheridan was riding down the Shenandoah valley to check the progress of Early and liis njen he met a soldier on the retreat and asked him why he was going to the rear. The private answered that his musket would not go off. "Go in and holler, then," said the General. At this juncture some one in the rear of the hall near the door did "holler" "Fire!" In an instant the vast audience were upon their feet and a rush for the door was instituted. Sev­ eral gentlemen upon the stage tried to quiet the fears of the people, but with­ out avail, and for a few seconds it seemed as though a terrible stampede would en­ sue. At this critical period President Duffield leaped from the private box in whicli he was seated to the stage, and, with a nod to the choir and organist, asked them to lead the audience in sing­ ing " Hold the Fort." Without prelude and hardly waiting for the key note the choir began, and the audience joined in loud voices singing the glorious hymn. The tirst strain had not been finished be­ fore the frightened persons paused, and soon all evidence of alarm had subsided in an apparent general desire to join, heart and soul, in the singing. In this way was quiet restored and the exercises ! proceeded. ̂ Didn't See Any. A stranger yesterday called upon the Chief of Police to tell a little story. When told to go ahead, he pointed to his buttonless coat and Baid : "If a fellow falls asleep in a saloon, and some one cuts the buttons off his- coat, is that a joke ?" The Chief didn't see anv joke in thirf and the man pointed to liis boots and continued : "If a feller falls asleep in a saloon, and some one paints one of his boots red and the other blue, is that a joke ?" Tl\e Chief looked down at the novel " shine" and remarked that the boote should have been tipped with white to make a patriotic job of it, " If a feller falls asleep in a saloon,'* continued the man, " and sdkne one cats off half of his goatee, pours varnish into his overcoat-pockets, and cuts a hole in the top of his plug-hat, is that any joke ?" The Chief said he didn't see any joke in that; but the stranger's countenappe suddenly melted, and he chuckled as if greatlv pleased as he remarked : " Tlie joke is on the saloon ! The fools thought I was asleep, but I wasn't. I was awake all tlie time--ha! ha! &a I Don't you see tlie jeke now ?" The Chief didn't see it, but the stran­ ger laughed all the way out of the pity Hall and down to the gate. Detroit Free Press. The Wonders of Bine In Detroit the gamins discuss the bine- glass cure with all the philosophy of veteran college professors. Ace on ling to the Free Press of that city where "Bijali" dwells, "Harky," the apple boy who feeds the lawyers, may be heard at the head of a flight of stairs chanting away on : '•v*w These Northern Spies delight tl* eyes, n But hlue glass does the bis; , We've got a winder full at horn# To cure our rheumatlz. Jack Shepard looks as wicked but his voice is geutlo as he wai'I The old woman, her bonef did ache, For many and many a year, But blue glass came, with all it< fame, And now she's tough a# « bmr. Little Stonewall Jacksou sings as he puts the shine on a boot, arid he "*"fr ftt follows: - .".STSC M She sat beside a blue-glMefUMT . 4 ft. ̂ $ To cure her pal-pi-tattoo ? The sun came in aud l>ura£u lier ear," " And now pile's all vex-a4iou. While Thomas Henry Jackson is M«k entirely skeptical as to the cure, he JBMqy be heard any afternoon singing, as parades Griswold street: Oh, the bluest thiug that J do know v, ,, ; Is m t»«( i>»K <'« iuuigu; Around my neck 1'V bang one, sure/ v ' And beat yon folkaon a blue-glass m ':M THE best gra des of Durham and Akkat^ , nep cows are selling in Kentucky for '"2" &' t - f o. *. u. •fce.1* WHEIf WRITX1M3 TO AOVER please *«y VQSMW tlu adver la this paper*