The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

HP •ipiuigiiipptiM j i « «.i w* »i piJJ<»..]i»w.p.jn.W lwWi «?ff <r •- < » *• .^4»H #;•• » »<' ,-*#*• .»- ^ ,4. ^ A' ^ „• > -*- W ; ^ «* »• r iCht Jflrljfnrg l̂aindcaler. F •-: J. TAN 8LYKE, PUBLISHER. ycHENBY, ILLINOIS. .̂.. TSl- t»A»_ s"" lteligi«M Character of the Straggle. L rFrom the Chicago Tribune.] The London JHriies, commenting upon tiie opening of hostilities, says : " Once more we behold the strange phenomenon of a religious war, "Which is likely to be ftp fanfnical and rasentless as any record­ ed in history. It mil also have the char- Jicteristic that the Mohammedan stands more on a level with his adversary than has ever been known in later ages." The statement of the Times is worthy of some consideration, the more especially as yearly every one has come to look at this war as a political one. It is, on the other hand, the only war that may be balled religious since the last Russian war in Turkey. The war commenced as ••". J} religion?, one, but its character #as changed when Turkey's allies entered upon the scene. Russia commenced the war for religious reasons; England and France fought Russia for political rea­ sons. In all the controversies that have -characterized the Russo-Turkisli compli­ cation since the outbreak of the Herze­ govina revolt a year ago, the religious auestion has Wen uppermost. Of course lere has been mixed with it a motive of ambition, but the declaration of war dis­ avows it. Nowhere in the manifesto does it appear; on the other hand, Rus­ sia clearly and succinctly declares the object of the war to be the amelioration of the condition of the Sclavic Chris­ tians. The conference of the powers at Constantinople hinged upon it. It char­ acterized the protocol. The ultimatum of the powers to the Porte made no de­ mand of the Turks that they should cede territory or give up political control. They only asked that the Christian sub­ jects of the Porte should be protected in their religious rights and moral privi­ leges ; that they should not be robbed, Plundered, overtaxed, tortured, mur-ered and treated with that infamy and cruelty that characterized the dark ages. It is to all intents and purposes a struggle of the fanaticism of the Greek Church with the fanaticism of the Mus­ sulman. A war of this kind must of necessity be a cruel and relentless one, character­ ized by extremes on each side. The re­ ligious motive is the most powerful of human emotions that can actuate a na­ tion, and it is ' especially powerful in such a nation as Russia, where educa­ tion is no# general,, and where there is no division of religious thought. In this country, for instance, there could not be such a war, owing to the spread of general intelligence and the multitude of Other subjects to occupy attention. In Russia, however, the absorbing idea is not democracy, republicanism, speculative philosophy, or education, but religious dogmas. The priest furnishes the knowledge. The people, the press, and the Government are swayed by this S>werful force. The Russian Emperor d not want to go into the war. He was •willing to accept the smallest terms of religious guarantees; but when the Porte refused to allow of any outside interfer­ ence in its internal affairs, then the re­ ligious sympathies of the Russian people with their oppressed brethren impelled the Government to declare war. The Turks themselves, also, are actuated by the religious idea, as they have been in every war they have waged since they entered and established their Asiatic camp in Europe. Every motive and ac­ tion centers in the fanaticism of the Mo­ hammedan theocracy. They brought with them into Europe a religious fanaticism characterized by savagery, brutal tyranny, and the lowest and most disgusting vices of life, and they have preserved these qualities in their horri­ ble monstrosity to this day. When we speak, therefore, of a war between the cross and the crescent, it means a re­ ligious crusade, a collision of religious ideas; in which even political results will be fought for in the name of re­ ligion. ;. ' The Black 8M. The Black sea, which is becoming the scene of stirring events in the Russo- Turkisli war, is a remarkable body of water. It is about seven hundred miles long in its longest direction, and has an extreme width of about three hundred and eighty miles, being three-fourths lon­ ger than Lake Superior and more than twice as wide. Its depth is from four to forty-eight fathoms near shore, but in the middle no soundings have been found at one hundred and sixty fathoms. The greatest depth of Lake Superior is two undred fathoms. The Black sea is not, like our lakes, a fresh-water sea, but on the other hand it contains one-seventh less salt than ocean water, and is held to receive one-third the running water of Europe. The puzzle is, what becomes of all this fresh water, and how the Black sea re­ tains its saltness. The sea is tideless. There is no perceptible current toward the Mediterranean. It has the same level as the Sea of Marmora. The outlet by the Bospliorus, even were there a strong current, would be insufficient to discharge the immense volumes of water constantly pouring into the inland sea, and it scarcely seems credible that the evapora­ tion is sufficient to carry off the surplus water. Like our own lakes, it is subject to frequent storms, but navigation is not perilous, and an extensive steam navi­ gation is carried on. There are several islands near the mouth of the Danube, but the sea is singularly free from rocks and shoals. The Sea of Azov, Which is connected with the Black sea by the narrow strait of Yenikale, is much smaller, being only about one hundred and sixty- eight miles long and eighty broad. Its waters are fresh and abound with fish, but are very shallow, and fall off toward the west into huge marshed, which have been aptly named the Putrid sea. It is of comparatively little importance for purposes of navigation, though it has several ports and roadsteads. Youthful Criminals* Boy criminals are just now bringing themselves into public notice. In Fredericksburg, Va., James Flinch, aged 11, deliberately shot and killed a playfellow who reproved him for swear­ ing. In New Orleans, Nathan Boyd, aged 8, purposely set fire to a house out of revenge for being whipped. In San Francisco. Arthur Bennett, aged 14, nearly killed his sister by stabbing her. In Buffalo, Robert Aikens, aged 10, mortally wounded another boy with an ax. " ' The Flag of the Prophet, What is this flag of the Prophet, around which the turbaned. " the faith-- ml," are called upon to rally? The best authorities state thai it was the turban of the Koreish, captured oy Mohammed. A black flag was, however, soon substi­ tuted in its place, consisting of the cur­ tain that had hung before the door of Ayeshah, the favorite wife of the Prophet, whose affection for her was so strong that he was wont to say that she would be the first of his wives to whom the gates of Paradise would be open ! The Sanjak-Sherif is regarded by the Mohammedans as their most sacred relic. It first came into the possession of the followers of Omar, the second Caliph of the Moslems, and generally regarded as founder of the Mohammedan power, as from a mere sect he raised it to the rank of a conquering nation, and left to his successor an empire greater than that which Alexander of Macedon had made and ruled in the olden time. It was this Omar who assumed the title of " Com­ mander of the Faithful" (.Emir-al- mumenia), by which, as the readers of the "Arabian Nights'Entertainments " will remember, the Caliph Haroun-al- Raschid, who was contemporary with Charlemagne, was always addressed. The flag of the Prophet passed from the ollowers of Omar at Damascus into the hands of the conquering Abbasides, in the middle of the eighth century ; next into those of the Caliphs of Bagdad and Kahira. "It was brought into Europe oward the close of the sixteenth century by Sultan Amurath TTT., with whom Queen Elizabeth made a treaty of com­ merce in 1579. It was deposited in Con- stantinople, where, covered with forty- two wrappings of silk, it was deposited in a chapel in the interior of the seraglio, where it is perpetually guarded by sev­ eral emirs with constant prayers. It is known, however, that the banner un­ folded by the Moslems at the beginning of a war, and likewise carefully pre­ served, is not the same as the identical flag which Mohammed had mode out of the white turban of the Koreish. The Moslems believe that it is, and will fight bravely under it, thus verifying Mokan- na's famous declaration, that Faitli, fanatic Faith, once wedded fast To one dear falsehood, hnga it to the last. --Philadelphia Press. Save the Old Paper. Never throw away old paper. If you have no wish to sell it, use it in the house. Some housekeepers prefer it to cloth for cleaning many articles of fur­ niture. For instance, a volume written by a lady, who prided herself on her ex­ perience and tact, says: "After a stove has been blackened, it can be kept look­ ing very well for a long time by rubbing it with paper every morning. Rubbing with paper is a much nicer way of keep­ ing the outside of a tea-kettle, coffee-pot and tea-pot bright and clean than the old way of washing them in suds. Rubbing with paper is also the best way of polish­ ing knives, tinware and spoons; they shine like new silver. For polishing mirrors, windows, lamp chimneys, etc., paper is better than dry cloth. Preserves and pickles keep much better if brown paper instead of cloth is tied over the jar. Canned fruit is not so apt to mold if a piece of writing paper, cut to fit the can, is laid directly on the fruit." Paper is much better to put under a carpet than 3traw. It is warmer, thinner and makes less noise when one walks over it" The Turkish Nary. The Turks never excelled in naval warfare. Their forte is on the land. But the late Sultan had a passion for ironclads. All the money he could spare from the seraglio was devoted to naval construction. The consequence is that he has a good navy, one of the most for­ midable in Europe. The Porte has thirty ironclad men-of-war, of which twenty-one are of the broadside type, two are turret vessels and seven are gun­ boats. There are four first-class broad­ side ships, with an aggregate nominal power of 2.500 horses and 2,784 men. ihe total eiieclive strength of the steam fleet is 106 vessels, of 28,195 horse power, 641 guns, and 26,108 men. In addition, there are some twenty-four sailing vessels of various kinds, manned by 2,354 sailors. If obliged to contend with England's navy, these vessels would be driven from the water as far as steam could carry them. But Russia is not England. Knew She Must Die. Comfort Gibbs, of this town (West- field, Mass.), had a cat which, from the fact we are about to state, must have foreknown that she had but a short time to live. The cat was feeble and sickly. She was the mother of two kittens, about half-grown. The oat was seldom, if ever, in the house, and the kittens had never been there. Mr. Gibbs' attention was called to the cat by her mewing. When he first saw her she was calling one of the kittens to her, and having called it as far as the steps of the L of the house she lifted and coaxed it up the steps, and then took it into the kitchen and laid it by the stove. She then called the other in the same manner and placed it by the side of the first, left them and went out. Two hours afterward she was found dead at the rear of the house.-- Our Dumb Animals. American Tract Society. The fifty-second annual meeting of the American Tract Society has just been held in New York city. The annual re­ port states that the society issued during the year 132 new publications, including books or tracts in German, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Danish. The receipts, including $109,726.41 in gifts and legacies, were $441,198.26, which, with the balance in the treasury on April 1, 1876, makes $449,269.69. The total expenditures were $441,119.74; balance, $8,148.95. During the year 209 colpor­ teurs have labored in 32 States and in Canada. The Committee on Foreign and Pagan Lands have appropriated $3,780 in cash, $5,880.99 in electrotypes and $1 ,827.27 in home publications for dis­ tribution in foreign landa, SEE women of San Jose, CaL, havi?.g been refused the privilege of voting, have published a protest commencing with "How long, O Lord, how long?" BLACK FRIDAY. The Moot Eventful Day in the Htstorjr at Wall Street. ' [From the New York Express.] In all the history of Wall street, no day stands out more prominently, or re­ calls itself more vividly to memory than ' ' Black Friday "--the 24th of September, Ivgu Sept. 23 wss sz. cxdtir.g s&d eventful day, witnessing as it did a fierce struggle between the bulls and bears. Gold sold at 141J at 9:30 (in those days it was law­ ful to sell before the board or after it), touched 142 at 11, 143* at 11:15, fell to 143 at 12, jumped to 144} at 2:15, and finally at 5 p. in. closed at 143$. This contest demonstrated fully the power of iltu uuIIM, who iiHu Hie market prac­ tically cornered, and the bears retired with dismal forebodings of the morrow. There were two remarkable things no­ ticed on this day. One was the immense clearings at the Gold Exchange Bank, and the other the refusal of the bears at certain times to sell to the bulls, although among themselves they made sales J to J per cent, below the current quotations. .Early un Friday :ncrms.g, iho 24th, Wall street, Broad street, and New street were crowded by excited brokers, and the expectation that the bulls would push their advantage and force the premium up to 175, or to 160 at least, created in­ tense excitement. Buying and selling began in the street at 9 o'clock, but it was 9:30 before the hot work commenced. An offer of $10,000 at 145 was snapped up in a minute ; then there was a decline to 144i, then a jump, quick as thought, to 146. and then all was confusion. Men howled like demons, pushing and crowd­ ing each other in the narrow street as though they were demented; but, de­ spite the desperate rallies of the bears, which now and then caused a break of 1 per Qejit. or so, in one short half-hour the premium was run up to 150, an ad­ vance of nearly 7 per cent, over the closing prices of the night before. Men looked at each other in amazement, daz­ zled at such rapid fluctuations. The rush to the gold room at the opening hour was indescribable. In two seconds after the opening of the doors the room was crowded, and in the gal­ leries, and on the stairs leading to them, were crowds of gazers, come to witness the stirring events that the day was ex­ pected to bring forth. On the floor, gathered around the fountain in which played one sportive gold-fish, who had lost his life through the excitement of this tempestuous day, were the brokers, huddled together like sheep in a pen, or calves in a butcher's wagon, but still finding room enough to brandish their arms and gesticulate wildly, while their lungs were exercised with such recklessness that it was a won­ der there was no blood-vessel burst. This is no overdrawn picture. Nobody spoke or talked. Everything was at high pressure, and every bid or offer that was made came forth in a de­ moniac yelL Transactions of millions were recorded in a second with trembling hands, and then the half-crazed buyer and seller pushed back into the front of the circle again, and recommenced their yelling. The scene was at its wildest from 11 to 11:30 a. m., the fluctuations from 10 to 11 having been slight. But when the bulls made a burst they came on in overwhelming strength, and in less than twenty minutes the premium was run up to 162i. This was the bid of Al­ bert Spevers, a florid-faced broker, whose voice could be heard all over the room and far out into Broadway. His eyes protruded from their sockets, his limbs trembled like leaves, and in his intense excitement the perspiration poured down his face like water. Others were there whose excitement was tremendous, but with this man it appeared to be a matter of life and death. He dealt with count­ less millions as though gold were the dross which the high-minded claim it to be, and still as he booked his purchases clamored for more. But it was notice­ able that, even while Speyers was bid­ ding 160 and 160i, the bears and others were trading among themselves at 135. Then came Boutwell's order to Butter- field: "Sell $4,000,000 gold, to-morrow, and buy $4,000,000 bonds." This was a crusher. With a rush the K 1 1 f J l tJZ LCiS JJ'JUivU W1UU 4UVV JU>AUWU U1 sent their messengers, and in a minute-- yes, in a flash, one might say--it was known that the dispatch was true. Down went the premium to 140, the resistless bears carrying all before them. Again and again the bulls rallied, once sending the price up from 140 to 150 at one jump, but, fight as they would, the day went against them, ana by nightfall oneCould buy all the gold he needed for 132 to 132i. y The rush to the sub-treasury, the crowds in Broad and Wall streets, and in New street, wheie betting on the old- fashioned indicator, which looks like the time record on the race track, was a favor­ ite amusement, and the practical suspen­ sion of nearly all business outside of the gold room, were features of the day, but to treat of these as they deserve would require too great space. It tooks weeks to recover from the con­ fusion of Black Friday. The Gold Ex­ change Bank failed to make its clearances in time, some of the heavy firms of the streets failed, and for a time everything was unsettled. Terrible Disaster at Sea. The Anchor Line steamship Sidonia, bound from Queenetown to New York, recently exploded her boilers, when 800 miles out of the latter port. The Cap­ tain of the vessel, three engineers, and three of the crew were killed by the ac­ cident. A survivor gives the following particulars of the disaster: There was a dull explosion heard in the waist of the ship, followed by a rush of escaping steam, which shook the vessel from stem to stem, and shattered the skylight above the engine into a thousand fragments. As soon as the startled observers of this occurrence could collect their senses they made a rush for the engine room, the doors of which were found blown open, and, groping their way as well as they could because of the rushing, burn­ ing steam, they soon found that the only injury the vessel had sustained was to the iron bulkheads of the coal bunkers, which were forced out of place. The broken skylight and the open doors soon carried off the bulk of the steam, and then it was that the groans of the seven victims of the disaster could be answered by assistance. All unite in saying that a more pitiful sight than the poor sufferers presented could not be imagined. They were all alive, but so badly scalded that they were speechless. Their agony was so intense, however, that groans of the most heart­ rending description were wrung from the strongest, and, when kindly bandw sought to lift them, the skin, and por­ tions of the flesh peeled off at the touch aiilO Vi- «Si ^•. i ^ Z SSlIUn, nuuocitv vucil mates thus tortured eould not restrain their tears as they spoke. But death soon put the sufferers out of their mis­ ery, although one of them lingered until the following morning. From no one of them was any sign or indication received as to how the accident occurred, and the watery grave to which they were all con­ signed has locked in its bosom another mystery. The Turkish (Jenerals. The Commander-in-Chief of the Eu­ ropean Turkish army is Abdul Kerim Nadir Pasha, born at Tchirpan, in Bul­ garia, near the scene of the recent mas­ sacres. He entered the service in 1828, and, after receiving his commission, studied in a military school at Vienna. After an absence of several years he re­ turned to Turkey, and gradually rose to the highest rank in the service. He served in 1854 with great distinc­ tion under Omar Pasha, first upon the Danube find then in the Caucasus. Hiw principal battle was at Djunis, a few months ago, when he routed the Servians and dislodged Tchernayeff from his for­ tifications. He is considered an honest, good-natured man, and, like Moltke, is habitually taciturn, though master of many languages. He is past 70. His Chief of Staff is Nedjib Pasha, who re­ ceived his military education at Brussels, and is considered the most able General in the service. He rescued the Turkish troops in Herzegovina, and, after his march from Gatchko to Bileka, was made commander of the provincial forces. He was in the conspiracy against Abdul Aziz, and, after Mwrad's accession, was made Chief of Staff to Abdul Kerim. He is only 46, and is married to a Chris­ tian from Bosnia. Abdul Kerim's execu­ tive officer is Aclimed Eyub Pasha, who was brought up at the Constantinople Military School, and made his first im­ portant success at the battle of Djunis, which was fought under Abdul Kerim's instructions. He is 48, and owes his po­ sition to the success with which he sup­ pressed, some of the ̂ Arabian rebels* Dervish Pasha is a Bulgarian, and cele­ brated in politics, butcheries, and war, apd has been principally engaged in put­ ting down rebellion, as it is called in Turkey, which means murder and mas­ sacre. One of the finest Turkish officers is. Yaver Pasha, a Circassian by birth and a great infantry leader, who distin­ guished himself in Silistria in 1854, and was Minister of War in 1871. The three remaining officers of prominence are Hussein Pasha, commanding the Turk­ ish forces in Asia ; Mukhtar Pasha, who served in Herzegovina last summer and is now in Kars besieged by the Rus­ sians ; Safvet Pasha, the butcher of the women and children of Bulgaria, who was promoted for his hide us cruelties, and whom the Russians will hang, if he falls into their hands. A Madman in a Railway Car. Among the passengers who left St. Louis for the East, one night recently, was a large, well-built gentleman, whose restlessness was annoying everybody in the sleeping-coach. He retired to his berth without taking off coat, collar, or boot, and fell into a doze. While the train was speeding toward Mount Ver­ non, HI., at the rate of thirty miles an hour, the porter heard a loud noise in the car and discovered that the queer passenger was walking up and down be­ tween the berths and making a great racket. The porter went up to him and asked him to go back to his berth. The passenger was a raving maniac. He glared at the porter with bloodshot eyes, and, in a frenzy of rage, felled him to the floor, and, leaping upon him, attempted to stab'-him with a bowie- knife. A desperate encounter followed, during which the porter was terribly wounded. The conductor sprung toth rescue, but the lunatic struck him in the face with a heavy goblet and snapped a derringer at his liead, the pistol missing fire. With a terrible curse, he struck the conductor with the butt of a pistol and then fled into the drawing-room car, locking the door behind him, smashing the mirrors on the walls, and leaping headlong from the platform. The Late Gov. Brownlow. Hie most unique political character of his generation has recently passed away in the death of Parson Brownlow, of fenoxville, Tenn. A native of Vir­ ginia, Wm. G. Brownlow was early left an orphan, learned the trade of a car­ penter, and at the age of 21 turned Methodist minister, laboring as an itin­ erant preacher for the next ten years. But a natural bent for politics was too strong to be long repressed, and, even while he was traveling a circuit in South Carolina, he took the stump as an oppo­ nent of Calhoun and nullification. Final­ ly in 1837, when he was 32 years old, he began a connection with the Knoxville Whig, which has lasted ever since, and made that paper a power in its section. Though he had publicly advocated in 1858 the perpetuation of slavery, he fought secession bitterly, and toward the close of 1861 was arrested on the charge of treason by the Confederates, and held prisoner for four months. With the success of the Union cause he came to the front in Tennessee politics, and was elected Governor in 1865, and Sen­ ator in 1869. He was stricken with pa­ ralysis years ago, and, during the latter part of his term in the Senate, took little share in business. A Mother's fight with an Eagle. About four days ago a child was at­ tacked on Grosse Tete by a large eagle. Upon hearing the screams of the child its mother ran into the yard, and when she discovered the eagle endeavoring to carry off her child she made a desperate attack upon the intruder. During the fight between the eagle and the mother the child crawled under the house, and finally the mother was forced to retire, as the eagle fought with unusualdesper- ation. Several persons were attracted to the spot by the screams of both mother and child, and, after firing several shots at the eagle, he was finally killed. The eagle was very large.--Baton Rouge (La.) Advocate. fplEBICAX BlOttRAPHtb ̂ . . . I J A M E S G O R D O N B E S T N E T T ; This c^brated journalist was born Keith, in Scotland, about 1800. He was educated for the priesthood at a Roman Catholic seminary at Aberdeen, but did not 111 ~ ;B- --x oi ma pa- •*<->*«>, uuriftg a period of great commercial depression, he left Ms native land for America, where he at­ tempted to earn his living as a teacher but with very indifferent success. In 1822 he obtained a situation on * Charleston newspaper, which he did not hold long, and repaired to New York, where he became an active member of the fouirili etiwile. The first number of the New York Herald, of which he was the founder, appeared May 5, 1835. This speculation proved most success­ ful, and Mr. Bennett amassed a large fortune. He conducted the Herald un­ til his death, which occurred June 1, 1872, and at his decease confided the ed­ itorial supervision of the Herald to his son, James G. Bennett, Jr., who has shown hhnsell thy of the trust. THOMAS HART BENTON. Thomas H. Benton, an American au­ thor and statesman, was bom in Orange county, North Carolina, in 1783. He first engaged in the study of law, and in 1811 commenced practice in Nashville, Tenn. He afterward removed to Mis­ souri, where, in 1820, he was elected one of her first United States Senators. For a period of thirty years he took a leading part in the discussion of the great ques­ tions which came before the Senate, and was especially prominent in the debates on the United States Bank and the sub- treasury, which latter cause he warmly supported. His timorous opinions on the slavery question, and his general political independence of thinking, lost him his election in 1851. In 1854 he was again defeated. In 1853 Mr. Ben­ ton published the first volume of his autobiographical work, " Thirty Years' View; or, a History of the American Government for Thirty Years." While the second volume was in progress Ben­ ton's house at Washington was destroyed by fire, by which calamity his library and manuscripts perished. In 1850 Mr. Benton was returned by Missouri to the House of Representatives. He there distinguished himself by his speeches in opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska bill, as a violation of the Missouri compro­ mise, and he was again thrown out in the next election of members for Con­ gress. His vigorous canvass of the State as candidate for the Governorship, in 1856, will be long remembered. He was defeated, and in the same year sup­ ported Mr. Buchanan for President in opposition to Col. Fremont, his own son-in-law. His advocacy of the Pacific railroad and other undertakings connects his name with scientific progress. He died at Washington, April 10, 1858, England and Turkey. The British have more reasons for wishing to preserve the Turkish empire than the fear that its destruction may en­ able Russia to drive them out of India. The Turkish Government owes English capitalists more than $1,000,000,000. The first loan was made in 1854 to meet the expenses of the war with Russia, and was for $15,000,000. It was then the Turks got their first taste of British gold. The next year they borrowed $25,000,000 more, and almost every year since they have added to their debt, as the following table shows : Yewrtf Amount InterMt, ix.tue. borrowed. per cent. 1854 $ 15,000.000 6 1855 1858. 1860 1802 1803 1805 1860 1867 1869 187 1 187 2 1873..:... 1874 Total...... 25,000,000 . 25,000,000 10,350,000 40,000,000 , 40,000,000 , 161,816,815 30,000.000 12,500,000 111,111.100 28,r>00,000 55.631.000 140,000.000 200,000,000 .1624,908,<.>15 i* 6 6 C I I 6 « 9 When this enormous sum was received and squandered, the Turks failed to pay the interest on the bonds, and by a decree of the Porte, dated Oct. 6, 1875, the interest on the debt was re­ duced one'half the stipulated amount. The breaking out of the insurrection of Bosnia last year, and the war with Ser- via, afford ̂ t.hp Turkish Government an excuse for declining to pay any interest to the bondholders. In addition to the bonded debt, the Turks had managed to run up a floating debt of $150,000,000 a year ago, a considerable portion of which is due English bankers, ship-builders and manufacturers. Since then the Turkish Government has issued about $100,000,000 of legal-tender notes, which are now greatly depreciated, and coin has wholly disappeared from circu­ lation. It is clear from this exhibit that, if the Russians are allowed to overthrow the Turkish Government, the vast sum borrowed from the English will be lost, principal and interest, to the last shil­ ling. The Porte has nothing left to show for the money except a fleet of ironclads. oepted the suggestion, bought the had the buttons made, a little larger tnlln a quarter of a dollar, with a silver drop in the center hiding the spot wheie the eye is fastened beneath. The Presi­ dent then astonished the republican court b£ appearing in a coat with pink dark velvet surface. And they became the rage. ALL 80RT& _ ifet PHTtADKUTHA has 6,000 houses. CREMATION is securing a fashionable foothold in Indiana. 1 I' VIJKWINIA spends Over $300,000ayeat for the education of the negroes : THE Moscow Gazette says there aw 40,000 workmen out of employment jft Moscow. t GoiiD ear-rings in the shape of ladders with six steps are the latest nov­ elty in jewelry. | PARIS now owns more thau 70,000 car­ riages. In 1658 there were bat 300. SUM* ' under Louis XV. 14,000. THE Troy Whig wants the power to elect the President to be bestowed upon the Governors of the several States. ONE of the largest Sunday-schools In the world is at Aintab, in India. The number of pupils amounts to 1,800. A BROTHER of Thomas W. Piper, the Boston murderer, has had bit* changed to Raymond,, on account of ' family disgrace. THE Piute Indians do not believe in burying their dead, but the tribe living near Austin, Nev., have been compelled by the authorities to change tbeir prao* • tioe. THE treasures of Mycenre discovered by Dr. Schliemann are soon to be placed in the Polytechnicon at Athens, under the auspices of the Archaeological So­ ciety of that city. THE engineer of the British war vessel Tournaline killed himself because he could not repair her machinery, which was disabled by a suooession of aooidente during a voyage. IN Germany a person injured railway must die within twenty-four hours, or the railway is not chargeable. This makes the companies solicitous to preserve the lives of their victims. THE President received the other _ letter containing an application for a Consulate, which was Briefly and elo­ quently expressed. Said the writer; "I have a pardonable desire to live eLm»« ; where." Two CHURCH members in Atlanta, Ga., quarreled over the question of the con­ trol of money raised to convert the heathen, and came to blows in front of the church while the congregation was dispersing. LAST year the Paris omnibus comiMk- nies transported 24,414,608 passengers, JiiS4 •ft# iff? a#-'-: J ¥0 m- % :4*r making an average of 342,629 per day. The average receipts of each vehicle were 88 francs. The receipts were 4,000,000 francs greater than those of 1875. INSANITY, once unknown among tho negroes, has become a great and increas­ ing affliction. To relieve it Virginia lias established an insane asylum for negroes, said to be the only one in the workL where more than 300 of them are cared for. SEVEN narrow-gauge railroads running from Cincinnati in various directions are commenced or projected. The hilly na­ ture of that region gives such roads great economical advantages, the oost being $15,000 a mile, against $60,000 for the broad gauge. THE California newspapers are grum­ bling because Chin Mook Sow, the Cn£» nese murderer, has been three times sen­ tenced to be hung, and has been each time pardoned by the Governor; yet an attempt to create an anti-coolie society » San Francitico resulted, last week, in a- membership of only twenty men. BOSTON is to have a "nervine hospital** for debilitated and nervous persons who are not insane. This is to be the realiza­ tion of a charity planned by Seth Adams, who bequeathed $500,001) to endow it 17a a mm >3 A 1 ---- ' * -* aav vuov mmry paueQK became insane through companionship als. it ̂ !T / - . . iiiiuuii iiuapt* A Granger's Hard Luck. An old farmer, down near Milwaukee, made up his mind that he'd have to dab ble a little in wheat with the rest of the. boys. So he sailed in, operating through a commission house. His judgment led him to " go long," and he bought for June. A few days afterward came the war news, and the market began to bulge. It jumped up so fast that it made the old man's head swim. He couldn't figure fast enough to keep up with the profits ; but he trusted to his commis­ sion-house, and went in the other day to settle up. His astonishment was uncon­ trollable, and he could hardly believe his senses when he found that his profits amounted to $33,000. Of course he felt good. Said the commission-man, " It's the worst money you ever made." " What do you say that for ?" asked the farmer, witn some surprise. "Because it will end in your losing the $6,000 you started it witn," was the significant re­ ply. The old gentleman looked sad; but he put the $33,000 in his pocket just the same--Winona (Minn.) jRepubli- can. _______________ Battens. George Washington set the fashion of i . coat buttons in a curious way. He never1 bought anything he had no use for, and, when a needy sailor wanted to sell him some concli shells o»e day, he wanted to know what he could do with them. The sailor, having an eye for the picturesque, suggested buttons. The General ae- THE register ol births at St Maur lea Fosses, a suburban village of Paris, re­ ports the entry on his book of the thirty- sixth child of a Mr. Bouillet. At Xiort the forty-sixth child of a Mr. Philip Viviers is reported. Whether either of these happy fathers had ever been the husband of more than one wife is not stated. THE ex-Empress Eugenie has long at- tempted to obtain indemnification from the French Government for the loss of personal property alleged to have been owned by her husband, and a portion of which is in possession of the state. Many of the pictures and other objects of art on the list were burned in the palace of the Tuileries during the riots of the Commune. GuKDooAit New South Wales, boasts of a cat which is said to have attained the extraordinary age of 100 years. It was brought from England in the ship Golden Grove, which cast anchor in Botany bay on Jan. 20, 1788. The cat is supposed to be the sole survivor of the quadrupeds taken to Australia by this vessel. FEW of the many well accidents are more interesting than the one that befell Henry Ahneman, In Rochester. He waa at work at the bottom of a well, eighty ̂ ' five feet under ground, when the curb-' ing fell in, and earth followed, bmying- him underneath. The belief was that he had been instantly killed, yet it was de» cided to dig down to him without delay. He was reached after four hours of falsi work, and was found alive, although ur»- 5 conscious. Several timbers had protect ed him from being crushed, besides leav­ ing space for sufficient air to kmp hi*n , from smothering to death. STRIVE AND OARS. Strive,brother, strive, When kind hearts ate cold. And cold the reply of the once-loving eye, Strive to be bold. Dare, brother, dare, , When ^home's on thy cheek, j red glow on the face of thjr foe, Dare to be meek. Btrive, brother, strive, • 'Mid the glare ot the new, To the faith of the ymt, that weathered Ike Strive to be true. Dare, brother, dare, Wheu compromise onlr Can win back the train of the false one* agafeL Dare to to* Wateiy., m m mm - ' ft*