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fmcMctttji f?latndealet VAN SLYKE, Etfitof fui)ii«b«r. MoHENRI, ILLINOIS. jCANAL SCHEMES. r "**!• Wmwimmm IProJeetn for VXnitlnjf tfc« ' Atlantic itni 1*bc1CIC ©eea,«T«» Smee the earliest days of ocean navi­ gation the great problem of commerce has been, how to pass from the Atlantic to the Pacific and Indian oceans by the shortest route, and in the least time. It -was in order to get to India without passing through the Mediterranean sea that Columbus set out on his voyage that resulted in the discovery of thi« conti­ nent. The motive behind all the early voy­ ages to the Arctic regions was to'find a northwest passage between the Atlantic and Pacific, and thus to avoid the tem­ pestuous passage around Cape Horn, xhe great enterprise of the Suez canal "was carried through for the benefit of commerce, to save the time, expense and •danger 91 doubling the Cape of Good Hope. The idea of a passage through the united cortiffents of America was con­ ceived for a similar purpose. The ad­ vantages of such a canal anywhere be­ tween the Mexican line and the point vroere the connecting Ishmus broadens into the Continent of South America, are evident to anybody who glances at a map of the world, line saving of dist­ ance to be traversed by a vessel sailing worn Europe, or from any one of our Eastern ports, bound for any port on the Pacific ocean, is measured by thousands of miles. The Government of the United States nas not been backward in considering this matter and in making the necessary explorations. Numerous expeditions have been sent out, and various routes nave been at one time or another pro­ nounced feasible. We will mention some of them, and our readers can see where they are by the aid of a map. Beginning with the northernmost, two routes have been surveyed across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, southward from the Gulf of Cum peachy, through two passes in the mountains. * As there has never been any question that these were too long and expensive to be con­ structed, they need not be described. Next, a route from the Bay of Hon- •duras, southwest through Gautemata. This has likewise been abandoned as impracticable, although at one tima it was a favorite scheme. Then comes the Nicaragua^ route, •which is one of the two most prominently discussed, and likely to be constructed It leaves the Caribbean sea at the mouth •of the river San Juan de Nicaragua, passes up that river to Lake Nicaragua, traverses the lake, and passes thence by an artificial canal to Salinas bay. The next one worth noticing is the •canal through the Isthmus of Panama, which the Lesseps Company is propos­ ing to construct, very nearly bv the site •of the ^Panama railroad. • This is the shortest of all, and its projectors believe it to be the best of all. There is one more, which would have 'been the second choice of M. De Les- seps. It is through the Isthmus of Darien. It passes up the magnificent River Atrato, and also up its branch, the Napipi, to the head of navigation, and thence by a short canal, with a tunnel six miles long, and a few locks, it enters the Pacific at Cupica bay. ing propensities. In the house of this lady was a child's rocking horse, and every night the rats would jump on the rocking horse and start it rocking, and rock it for hours, seemingly with the greatest enjoyment 4n the world. At first, hearing the noise, the people couldn't imagine the cause, and didn't know but that the spirits had a hand in it; but when they cautiously peered out and saw the performance it became one of the marvels of the neighborhood to see the rats in their gambols, enjoying themselves, laughing and having their fun rocking the horse. F TIFE FAMILY DOCTO*. one in Connecticut ered a true and only remedy for chills and fever. Scatter cayenne pepper in your shoes. TCRN UP the big to© as hard as you can for a cramp in the leg, and rub the skin when the cramp is briskly. This toe remedy is the best possible for cramp. FOB palpitation of the heart, eat 'ightly of light food, avoid excitement, and take gentle open-air exercise daily. Also use the following medicine : sal volatile, chloric ether, and tincture of gentian, of each two drachms: water, four ounces ; mix, and take a table-spoonful forenoon and afternoon. THE following ointment is said to be •excellent for an inflamed bunion : Iodine, twelve grains; sparmaceti oint­ ment, half an ounce, A portion about the size of a horse bean to be rubbed on the affected part twice or thrice a dav. If the bunion is not inflamed, the best remedy is to place on it first a piece of diachlyon plaster, oxide of lead and oil, and upon it a piece of thick leather, thi« having' a hole the size of a bunion cut in it. MALARIA AND LEMONADE.--Writes Mr. Laltouchere: " I arrived at Milan from the Lake of Como. I felt the symptoms of malaria, and, instead of sending for a doctor, shut myself up in my bedroom for two days and two nights, during which time my only nourishment was lemonade. This regime entirely .cured me. Were those who catch any malarial fever to pursue the same course they would find it worth all the prescriptions that doctors ever wrote." A CORRESPONDENT of the Scientific American says : «' Let any one who has an attack of lockjaw take a small quantity of turpentine, warm it and pour it on the wound, no matter where the wound is, and relief will follow in less than a minute. Nothing better can be applied to a severe cut or bruise than cold turpentine ; it will give certain re Kef almost instantly.' Turpentine is also# sovereign remedy for croup. Sat­ urate a piece of flannel with it and place the flannel on the throat and chest, and in every case three or four drops on a lump of sugar may betaken inwardly." EXEBCISJL--Exercise is a necessity; it prolongs life and greatly improves* liv­ ing ; it better fits us for our duties without it, we do not more tlian half live. He only who exercises sufficiently can know the joy of good health, good appetite, good digestion, refreshing sleep. It causes the bltxxl to circulate quickly, freely and equally, and will drive away the blues. It increases res­ piration, thus bringing a larger quantity of elixir of life, oxygen, to purify and vitalize the blood. It rounds and" hard ens the muscles and educates them into ever-ready, faithful and efficient servants of the will. It limbers the joints and There are various opinions about these j strengthens every part of the body. It several projects, all of which, except the Nicaragua and the Panama lines, are now abandoned. The promoters of the ^Panama canal object to the Nicaragua ' scheme that the line is too long, and to the locks that will be necessary on both sides •of the lake. They also point to the fact that there is no good harbor at either •end of the line, making the construction of an artificial harbor necessary. On the other hand, the advocates of the Nicaragua route object that the Panama line will be vastly more costly, and that it runs through a deadly cli­ mate, rendering it certain that the work can only be done at an enormous sacri­ fice of life, aud that the passage through it will be a constant peril to the crews -and passengers of vessels taking that route. They say, also, that while the Nicara­ gua line is longer, the time to be occu­ pied in making the passage will be more than offset by the greater saving of dist­ ance made by vessels choosing it. That is, while a steamship from Liver­ pool or New York can reach either As- jiinwall or Greytown in about the same time, it will be 1,000 miles or more near­ er to California if it enters the Pacifio ocean at Salinas bay than if it emerges at Panama. The Lnn.tr Weather Theory. The general principles of the lunar itheory as to the weather are thus stated by Claudius Ptolemy, as quoted by Mr. A. J. Pearce in his "Weather Guide .Book," according to Astro-Meteorology : " The moon's course ie to be carefully •observed at the third day before or after her conjunction with the sun (new moon), her opposition (full moon), and her intermediate quarters; for if she then shines thin and clear, with no other phenomena about her, she indicates se- Tenity ; but if she appears thin and red, -and have her whole illuminated part visible, and in a state of vibration, she portends winds from the quarter of her latitude and declination ; and if she ap­ pear dark or pale and thick, she threat­ ens storms and showers. All halos iformed around the moon should also be -observed, for if there appears one only, bright and clear, and decaying by de­ crees, it promises serene weather; but if two or three appear, tempests are in­ dicated ; and if they seem reddish and broken they threaten tempests, with "violent and boisterous winds; if dark and thick they foreshow storms and jsnow ; if pale, or black and broken, tem­ pests with winds and snow, both; and whenever a great number appear, «torms of greater fury are portended." A Plain Statement of Facts. We English have not yet fully realized "what utter knav^p the ruling Pachas in 'Turkey are. We solemnly read their •dispatches and their state papers as though they were not written with the •deliberate intention to deceive, and we •ask them to make pledges, as though they would be binding on them. So long as we regard these scamps as any­ thing but a gang -of shameless tricksters, ready to sell themselves and their coun­ try to the highest bidder, we shall vainly •endeavor to handle the Eastern ques­ tion. There are but two arguments which they understand--money aud the stick. If we are not prepared to buy them or to beat them, we should not waste time in negotiations, but withdraw from all communication with tliein. London Truth. Bats Who Enjoyed Fu. A good rat story is told by a lady who Jives in Baltimore, which shows that rats have a kind of humor about them at times which they, will exorcise even to the extent of forgetting their plucder- invigorates the mind and renders it active and efficient in all its operations. Stage Coach Amusements. A lively writer iti one of the Paris journals describes, the playful tricks with which the occupants of omnibusses while away the tediousness of a long drive. One will set the others all yawning by means of a series of yawns 011 his part. Another will secretly bring into the ve­ hicle a small bag full of vivacious snails, j which are furtively allowed tomake their way to the garments of the unsuspect- 1 ing passengers. The third joke is takiug ! the silver piece which is passed by a lady I to be handed to the conductor, and in a j pretended fit of abstraction to carefully insert it into the operator's purse, from which it is released after some discussion with an air of incredulity that the claim made by the owner is unfounded. Or when a passenger of anything like sus­ picious aspect enters the omnibus one will begin by stariug very hard at hiiu, aud then, when he is not looking, pull out a notebook and pencil and take notes of him with great assiduity. The other passengers straightway suppose that tlio note-taker is a detective, and that the I other individual is a criminal of some j sort, the consequences Iteing that he is I regarded with suspicion and repugnance I not only during the rest of the journey, but on any other occasion when he may happen again to be ecountered. A " Sell." ~ A good deal of harmless enjoyment and amusement may often be derived from what is commonly known as a " sell." I am at a loss to discover any more orthodox word to convey my mean­ ing. I must, therefore, Btick to the old expression of "sell." One of the oldest and best-known anecdotes calculated to produce this pleasing effect is that of the young guardsman returning from the Crimean war, who rubbed his hands with glee on board ship, and, in so do­ ing, rubbed off a ring presented to him by his inamorata, which fell into the sea. His position was an awkward one, as she had vowed she would never mar­ ry him if he lost that ring. The story goes that, on h?s arrival in England, he was eating some fish at dinner, when he suddenly felt something hard in his mouth. He removed it, and what do you think it was ? If the story has l>een well told, the audience are sure to reply, as with one voice: " The ring I" Your rejoinder is : "No! only a fishbone." -- Whitehall Review. Land in England. Behind the land question in England is the qnestion .of habits. The land is held in these great tracts, not for en­ joyment but from pride. The brains of men are so equal, under modern facil­ ities of education, that hereditary de­ scent would be inconsequential if it did not have hereditary estate to advertise the fact; and consequently every parve­ nu in the nobility rushes to buy land at a ridiculous price, so that he can appear on the landscape of the country among the sons of Normans. For the greater part of the year an English estate is not tit to live on, on account of the climate, and there is plenty of land to be had for less than $1 per acre on the steppes of the Rocky mountains more agreeable for hunting, for residence, and for every other enjoyment, than the beet land in England. TWE Chicago Inter-Ocean says: "St. Louis claims to be the biggest mule mar­ ket in the world, and it is a pity all the jackasses could not have been enumer­ ated when the census was taken." St. Louis will, of course, immediately make use of ita hind legs. PARAGRAPHIC POIHT81 IACNJ says: "He who ateala mjrpttrse steals trash.** lag. must have had a lot of Peruvian money. PIKE'S Peak, in the Rocky Mountains, has come out as a first-class volcano. In fact, Pike's Peak has spoken.--Lowell Courier. " THH funniest part of a dog1!# tail is /he wag," and the only fanny thing about the erysipelas is the humor.--Syracuse Standard. FASHION says: "Gathered waists are still very much in favor with young ladies." They are with voung gentlemen also. WHITHER says that he has tried "to make the world a little better;" if he has not succeeded, he has at least managed to be awful good himself. A PHILADELPHIA clergyman who is a great athlete and lover of sports forgot himself once and said: " Here endeth the first innings--let us pray." BOEBS are not by any means confined to South Africa. It is astonishing how many are to be met with on a single day's travel in the United States. • No wonder Philadelphia is the Quaker City. She has 125 undertakers, and they brag about burying 800 citizens each week. That's enough to make anyone quake. LUCY HOOPER says that Europe knows no more of making pie than it does of liberty, and she never sits down to a table without hankering after something to make her dream of pirates and In­ dians. CAMNO, who has just returned from Italy, hastens to his friend Prndhomme, and, pulling out his watch, says to him: "I have brought something from Italy that will please you." "All! what is it?" "Venice time."--French Paper. A COUNTRY hotel-keeper says science is the thing to run a tavern on. Science proves that growing human beings re­ quire more food and protection than mature ones, and he intends hereafter to charge the same price all around for board for men, women, and children. A11 English lady advertises her wed­ ding presents, including many valuable articles, for sale in the London Times. Poor thing, the old story. He called her best majolica teapot a horrid lookiug toad and she went back to her moth­ er's. AFTER a Milwaukee doctor had put in six months' time doctoring a man for tape worm, a darning-needle worked out of the patient's shoulder. The doctor made up his mind that something had to come if the man lived long enough.-- Detroit Free Press. AFTER an enthusiastic lover spends tfc*o hours' hard labor over a letter to his girl, and then mars its beauty by spilling a drop of ink on it, he first "swears in a scientific manner for a few minutes, and then draws a circle round the blot and tells her it is a kiss, and she, poor thing, believes it CARVING isn't fun. A young was invited to carve a turkey at dinner, re­ cently, and before the knife was finally taken from him he had upset a glass of water, wrenched his shoulder, shot the bird across the table into a lady's lap, and nearly jabbed a man's eye out, and it wasn't a touch bird either.--Al­ bany Argus. THE Rev. Julius C. Snowball some­ what bewildered his congregation by saying: "Cistern and brethren, dar will be a called meeting in this building to- morror ebeuiu." "What's de hour?" called out a member. "Yer can come as soon or as late as yer pleases, provided yer all get heah at seven o'clock pre­ cisely." PARISIAN actresses wear paper lace a great deal. It is tough, soft, and so effective on the stage it cannot be dis­ tinguished from real lace. By these in­ telligent women it is considered the height of folly to wear a lot of costly lace, which may be ruined in a night, when $5 worth of paper looks just as well. MME. D., a mature beauty, happened to take a swallow of very hot tea while dining out the other day. Her contor­ tions and grimaces drew the attention of the whole table, and judge of the aston­ ishment She had no eyebrows. The steam of the tea had warmed the artificial substitutes; they had fallen into her cup, and--she had swallowed them.--French. THE Philadelphia Chronicle says that 1881 does not resemble a pair of lovers on a sofa because there is one at each end. Certainly not. and besides it would be very wrong for 1881. We must apolo­ gize to the fraternity for explaining this apparently idiotic joke, but we feel that we owe it to our subscribers, particularly Scotchmen, strict Methodists, and tbie undertaking profession. All together then--for one two 'ate one on a sofa or anywhere else. They should love one another.--New York Commercial Ad­ vertiser. An Unfortunate Answer. Says the Richmond (Ky.) Register: Lucien Young's noble action a few years ago, in saving several lives from a wrecked vessel, will be remembered; also, the action of the Kentucky Legis­ lature in publicly recognizing his ser­ vices. Ijast winter he was in Frankfort, and while there visited the penitentiary, where he met Sam Holmes, confined for the murder of Col. Napier. Young and Holmes were boys together at school, and fast friend^. .Young was greatly moved by Holmes^ unfortunate condi­ tion, and determined to make an effort for his release. To this end he called on the Governor, and made an earnest ap­ peal for a pardon. Gov. Blackburn re- ented, and the pardon was made out and signed. With the document in his pocket, Young hastened back to the prison to tell the good news to his friend. Before telling him, however, that he had come to make him a 'free man, Young quietly commenced a con­ versation, and, after talking a while upon other subjects, finally said : Sam, if you were turned loose and fully pardoned, what would be the first thing you would do ?" The" convict very quickly responded : " I would go to Lancaster, and kill Judge Owsley and another scoundrel who was a witness against me." Young uttered not a word, but turned mournfully away, went outride the pris­ on walls, took the pardon from his pocket, and tore it into fragments. : fact is that water in freezing turns out of it all that is not water--salt, air, col­ oring matter and all impurities. Frozen sea water makes fresh-water ice. If you freeze a basin of indigo water it will make it as pure as that wn»d« 0f pure rain-water. When the cold is very sudden these foreign matters have no time to escape either bv rising or sink­ ing, and are thus ertangled with the ice, but do not form any part of it. ' Washington Etiquette. Questions of etiquette are very troublesome in Washington, and all the more because very many of the deni­ zens of that city, who come* from distant and rural homes, know and care nothing about etiquette. How little the honor­ able gentleman from Symmes' Hole suspects, as he is asked to take Mrs. Senator Red Velvet to dinner, that the chair in which he shall sit, and the lady whom he shall hand out have been subjects of long and anxious delibera­ tion. It is easy to call on Wormley, or Welcker, or Pinard, or some other ch> f, and order a dinner for twenty. But who who shall *sit where, and'shall hand whom ?--these are the questions which cause vexation and anguish. A distin­ guished official gentleman in Washing­ ton gave a noble repast in honor of a noted guest. It was ordered of the proper purveyor. "Now," said the host, when he had bade no expense be spared, " I don't know anything about tiie business of seating people correctly. You must attend to that, too." The purveyor want straight to another dis­ tinguished man, who had not been in­ vited to the dinner because it would not be agreeable to some other distinguished man who was invited, aud distinguished man number one was immensely amused that he was called upon to seat the guests at a dinner to which he was not himself invited. It is all the more perplexing because, although, Washington is always full of official persons who are really indifferent to etiquette, and who greet it with a hearty democratic laugh, yet because of its official population there has been from the first especial attention ]>aid by experts to the subject Washington took grave counsel upon it, and Hamil­ ton gave him some canons of l>ehavior in writing, and there is alleged to be a more rigid system of social etiquette among official persons in Washington than is to be found in any circle else­ where in the country. * There are asserted to be duo rules for the " first calling" of Senators' wives, and the wives of the members of the Cabinet and of Justices of the Supreme Court Precedence at table is also a knotty point involving great trouble of soul. Some years ago a Senator gave a dinner to which the Secretary of State was in­ vited. When dinner "was announced, the host turned to the senior Senator, the dean of the Senatorial Chamber, and asked him to take the lady of the house to the table. The senior Senator hesitated, saying to his colleague that the Secretary of State was in the room. " Pshaw ! we Senators make Secretaries of State," was the answer j and the host insisted that in his house nobody should precede the dean of his own bodv. --Harper'x Magazine. Cam of Ndtlls. Some persons insist that the finger­ nails are signs of character. The slen­ der, tapering nail, they say, indicates a refined nature which is sometimes ac­ companied by a shrewish temper. The broad, stubby nail suggests natural ooarseness which may be allied to good nature. Whether these are signs or not, it is true that the care of the nails re­ veals personal habits as to cleanliness. Nails may be greatly improved, both in shape and color, by proper attention. The best appliance is a nail-brush used in water softened by the addition of a little borax and really-fine toilet soap. In well-brushed and well-cared-for nails the little curtain-like rim which surrounds them is well pushed or rolled back, displaying generally a delicate lit­ tle crescent at the root. The skin of the finger should never be allowed to grow up on the nail. In paring and trimming the shape given shoidd always be as long an oval as possible. To cut a nail squarely off gives the finger-end a stubby look. The corners should be carefully and closely cut, and the center left rather long, so as to give the long oval shape. In cleaning the nails the knife should never scrape off the inner substance of the nail, as this renders the edge opaque and muddy in appearance, whereas it should be transparent. T^e nail is susceptible of a high degree of polish by rubbing with the towel when drving the hands. The habit of biting the nails is one against which children should be care­ fully guarded. It is ruinous to the very structure of the nail, and once acquired, is one of the most difficult habits to break. This is evidenced by the fact that some men and women, but more espe­ cially men, have a habit of biting their nails when reading or studying, of which they are perfectly unconscious. Not a few lawyers and clergymen oc­ cur to mind whose nails are almost a deformity as a result of this habit SCRAPS OF SCIENCE. D®. MUXILHB, of Geneva, has made a calculation in which he estimates the number of plant species existing on the globe to reach a minimqin total of 250,000. IT is not expected that it will be possi­ ble for the Italian Antartic expedition to start before 1883. In the meantime it is intended that Lieut. Bove, the originator of the scheme, should make a prelimin­ ary voyage in a whaler to the Southern seas. THE planetary discoveries of 1880 were eight in number, five of which were found by Herr Palisa, Director of the Observatory at Pola. The last was dis­ covered Sept 30, and raised the total number of known small planets to 219. COLONEL GLTTKOFSKT, who has sur­ veyed the ancient bed of the Oxus, is of opinion that the diversion of the river to the Caspian Sea from its present course is quite practible, aud a sum of 600,000 roubles has been set apart for the work. Ten Russian engineers, five companies of infantry, and three sotnias of Cos­ sacks are engaged in the operations. M. CATTVET, m the Bulletin of the Botanical Society of France, describes his experiments made to determine the development of carbonic acid by the roots of plants. His result appears to show that roots constantly develop carbonic acid, but that the development is less by night than by day, aud that it l>egius to increase with sunrise, that it decreases about noon, and rises again iu the even­ ing, to decrease at midnight. MICA has been applied to a new'use, that of fashioning it into middle soles to boots and shoes. The invention consists of a sheet of mica imbedded in thin coat­ ings of cement, and placed iu the boot or shoe under and adjacent to the insole, the upper leather of the shoe lapping over its edges, or next under the filling, or between the filling and the outer or bottom sole, and covering the upper space from the toe to the instep. THE royal engineers have tried the effect of gun cotton in bringing down two old chimneys at the Dockyard Extension Works, Chatham, England. The first was demolished by placing a necklace of gun cotton inside the chim­ ney, the total charge consisting of about four and a half pounds. The second was destroyed by placing six charges of the explosive in "the center of the base of the chimney, the total charge weighing twenty-eight ounces. The experiment was very successful. At the instant the electric spark ignited the gun cotton the chimneys t>eeame wrecks. AT the Greenwich ol>servatory a very ingenious instrument is in use to record automatically the duration of sunshine during the day. It consists of a glass globe hung in a hemispherical cup of slightly greater diameter, the cup being lined with a strip of paper covered with stencil ink. The glol>e is entirely ex­ posed upon the roof, and while the sun is shining, acts as a burning-glass, and causes a continuous line to lie made upon the paper. This line will be broken, however, as often as the snn's light iB obscured by clouds, and thus a record of the amount of sunshine for the day will be obtained. M. MORIDB has shown the French Academy a new alimentary substance, called nutrieine. Raw meat, freed from bones and tendons, is passed into suitable machines with uitrogeuized food sub­ stances--such as bread, etc. --which ab­ sorbs its water, aud perhaps form organic combinations with it. The whole is dried iii the air or over a mildly-heated stove, and then piUverized and sifted. The powder obtained is grey or yellowish in color, and lias an agreeable taste. With fats, albumen or gummed water, solid cakes or cubes may be made of it, to be afterward made into soups, sauces, etc. The substance is very nutritive, and keeps indefinitely if not exposed to mois­ ture or too great heat AN ingenious Frenchman has devised a game for facilitating the study of geography by children. It consists of a large planisphere map of the globe, ac­ companied l»y numerous objects repre­ senting animals, plants, flags, costumes, tows and landscapes. These objects, of painted cardltoard, stand upright when the small inscription accompanying them. is folded back; and each one bears, more­ over, a number corresponding to one on the map. Placing each in its proper position, the child quickly becomes familiar with the subject illustrated; if it be a plant, he knows the place which produces it, and its use; if a town, he knows its population, position, etc. The new game has received the approval of the Paris Society of Geography. Something Aboat lee. Beside the fact that ioe is lighter than water, there is another curious thing about it which persons do not know, perhaps--namely, its purity. A lump of ice melted will always become pirely- distilled water. When the early navi­ gators of the Arctic seas got out of water they melted fragments of those vast mountains of ice called icebergs, and were astonished to find that they yielded only fresh water. They thought tha they were frozen salt water, not knowing they were formed on the land and in some way launched into the sea. But if they had been right the result would have been just the same. The Vaccine Mai kg. An Eastern paper says that no person protected by a good vaccine mark, even if it be twenty years old, need have fears of small-pox.--Sioux City Jour­ nal. It was the Chicago Inter Ocean that said that; and it was a very unwise and indiscreet remark to make/Sit will lull many persons into a false sense of secu­ rity. There is a difference of opinion among physicians, upon this as upon every other question involved in their various schools, but the great prepon­ derance of opinion is that vaccination, as a rule, is not a perfect protection unless renewed at least every seven years. The conditions vary in different indi­ viduals. With some, the system once charged with the vaccine virus forever loses its susceptibility to small-pox, while iu others, and the great majority of cases, it loses its power in a few vears the exact limit of which also greatly varies. The safest course, and the one now generally recommended by leading physicians, is to re-vaccinate at fre­ quent periods. If it " takes," the neces­ sity for vaccination is demonstrated. If it fails to re-produce a vaccine sore the system is supposed to be properly charged with the vaccine previously ad­ ministered aud the person is liable to no greater danger from exposure to small­ pox than an attack of varioloid. But a vaccine " mark" is no guarantee uf im­ munity from small-pok unless it is a comparatively fresh one. He press ought to give prominence to this well- established fact so as to encourage gen­ eral vaccination and avoid the perils of neglect and o ver-coi ttidanoe.--Muriing- toti H^wk-Eye. IT is said that the word "Get! "Is one of the most expressive in the Englith language, ft is, when it Is emphasised by a boot toa Cold Feet. The connection between the head and feet is well known. A hot head is or­ dinarily relieved by a hot foot-bath. So cold feet tend to congest the brain and other internal organs. We have known persons so accustomed to cold feet as to make no effort to warm them. In such cases there is either an imperfect digestion, or a feeble action of the heart, or a low physical state gen­ erally. The whole system of such persons needs to be invigorated by careful ex­ ercise in the open air, by a generous diet, by thorough frictiou of the skin, and perhaps by a brief use of medicine helping the stomach and quickening the liver. Sometimes cold feet come from over- action of the brain. In such a case the person must use his brain less and his legs more, not by "spurts, "but habitu­ ally. He should take at least two solid hours from his study, his sanctum, his office, or his counting-room, and put them into such exercise as will send the blood at each heart-beat warm and strong to the tips of his toes; and that, too, without any violent exertion: Sometimes cold feet are caused by tight lacing or tight-fitting shoes. But it is as much a suicidal act to hasten death by compressing the lungs or the feet as by compressing the neck with a rope. The God of physiology is the final judge. Sometimes cold feet are caused by thin shoes--the owners of whieh must be left to die as the fool dieth. Some­ times they come from carelessness in the matter of overshoes and wet feet, a carelessness for which, in the case of children, mothers are largely responsible. It is the duty of the latter to traii^lheir girls to right habits based on right ideas, inculcated from early childhood. If the rising generation will keep their feet warm, there will be a marked diminution in the general death-rate. -- Youth's Companion. Nicotine Poisoning. A rather unusual case of poisoning by nicotine occurred in a Paris suburb. The victim, a man in the prime of life, had been cleaning his pipe with a clasp- knife ; with this he accidentally cftt one of his fingers subsequently, but as the wound was of a trivial nature he paid no heed to it Five or six hours later, however, the out finger grew painful and became much swollen ; the inflam­ mation rapidly spread to the arm and shoulder, the patient suffering audi in­ tense pain that he Was obliged to betak# himself to bed. Medical assistance wan called, and ordinary remedies proved in- effectual. The sick man, questioned a* to the manner in which he cut himself, explained the use to which the pocket*, knife had been applied, adding that I14 had omitted to wipe it after cleaning the pipe. The case was now understood,' and, the patient's state becoming alarm * ing, he was feonveyed to the hospital^ There the doctors decided amputation of , the arm to be the only hope of saving the patient's life, and this was immedi-! atdydone. The Brain by Weight. An article by Miss Nica Mora is in the North American Review gives a timely value in this oount-ry to an important work which Dr. T. L. W. Bischoff, the well-known Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at Bonn, has published. This is a special and careful dessertation on the weight of the human brain, which is differenced from all previous studies of the same subjeot by the enormous amount of material on which its conclu­ sions are based. Prof. Bischoff having examined and weighed not less than 559 male and 347 female brains. He treats his subjects under eight heads : Abso­ lute weight of the rest of the body, in­ fluence of age, influence of bodily size, weightsof different parts of the brain, connection of the cerebral convolutions and brain weight, and the relation of that weight to intelligence. Iu a final chapter he draws his con­ clusions. The adult male human brain varies in weight between 1,018 and 1,925 grammes, and the females between'820 and 1,565 grammes, a gramme being about 15J grains troy, and the average male brain weighs about 1,362, the aver­ age for women being 1,219 grammes-- about 10J per cent, in favor ci men. • Bodily size has no apparent relation to that of the brain, as also it h«s not in the case of lower animals. During cliild- , hood and youth and until a man is be­ tween 20 and 30 years old, the brain grows steadily, but a woman's brain reaches its maximum when she is al>ont 20; then it remains in statu quo up to the 60th or 70tli year, when it begins ordinarily to dwindle. Among civilized races brains are commonly of about the same weight, but in the lower negro races the average is not only smaller, but the weight varies less between the two sexes, and also between individuals. Pfof. Bischbff weighed the brains of ten cultivated and celebrated men, some of whom he found to bejbelow the aver­ age, while none reacliSa the maximum, and of the brains of sixteen murderers whieh he examined, the average was ninety grammes lighter than the ordi­ nary brain, while not one of them at­ tained to the common size. l*rof. Bischoff does not, however, believe in the existence of such a type as the " criminal brain," and upon examining 119 ordinary offenders against the law, he fouud their brains to weigh eleven grammes more than the average, some of them reaching even so high as 1,500 and 1,600 grammes. 2 wkfefc we had w atffi paaMt * ^ _ "fa Though httH mar drop and mai) No circumstance can matoit faM iM Or take It from oa, all Jn alL That which is fait we did not 1 W« only held it for a day, A leaf by rtrelw hma bio* Mo fate could take cmr men away. I bold Hanchaagpfem lair &%.&"• From which no *ouI can sway orwnNrVth _ We have that in un which will <tnw • Whate'er we Med, or must de :# E»*B aa the mgiM* to the steel *f Our aoula are to our best desires, f The Fatea hare hearts and they can feei-i? Xhey know what each true life require* ^4. • * - it/; A Romance or British High Life, Miinv years ago a young man made his appearance in Stratford, and passed a few weeks at the tavern which then existed to afford shelter to stage-coach travelers. Whence he came, and what was his business, none could guess. Directly opposite the tavern stood the small cottage and forge of a blacksmith named Folsom. He had a daughter who was the beauty of the village, and it was her fortuue to captivate the heart of the young stranger. He told his love, said he was traveling incog.; but, in con­ fidence, gave her his real name, saying that he was heir to a large fortune. She returned his love, and they were married a few weeks after. The stranger told his wife that he must visit New Orleans. He did so, and the gossips of the town made the young wife unhappy by dis­ agreeable hints and jeers. In a few months the husband returned; but before a week had elapsed he received a large budget of letters, and told his wife that he must at once return to England, and must go alone. He took his departure, and the gossips had another glorious op­ portunity to make a confiding woman wretched To all but herself it was a clear case of desertion. The wife be­ came a mother, and for two years lived on in silence and hope. By the end of that time a letter was received by the Stratford beauty from her husband, directing her to go at once to New York with her ohild, taking nothing with her but the clothes she wore,, and embark in a ship for home in England. On her ar­ rival in New York she found a vessel splendidly furnished with every con­ venience and luxury for her comfort, and two servants ready to obev every wish that she might express. (The ship duly arrived iu England, and the Stratford girl became mistress of a mansion, and, as the wife of a baronet, was saluted by the aristocracy as Lady Samuel Stirling. On the death of her husband, many years ago, the Stratford boy succeeded to the title and wealth of his father; and in the last edition of "Peerage and Baronetage," he is spoken of as the issue of "Miss Folsom, of Stratford, North America."--Toronto (Out.) Globe. We think we km>, when we mutstia twiiS: We call jors tailed era began; . When stars fade out do stars complain, Or glory in the rising sun? fate could rob us of oar own- No circumstances can make ;t leaaj What time remove® was but a Iota, For wh*t was ours we still i PITH AND POINT* ' * • ! rMiy | - \ , .fete#; J «•<*!<>> "A 1 ' is won* THB Polioe Justice has a feeing oeoft> W pation. . •• TEH actor who cannot draw than a blister. LITTLE Johnny says in his ease *- spanking is always a bare end reality. A WHITE man who had married a Mr gress offered color-blindness as aa ac­ cuse. " A tail that is tolled," remarked gate-keeper when he caught a horae by the conclusion, while he made the rider pay the fare. * 4 WHEN you see an article in a news­ paper headed " The Political Outlook," just scan the bottom line and see if it's " sold by all druggists.",. BRIC-A-BRAC work is very popular with the young ladies, and, after marriage, Ik is replaced by break-a-back work, a la the broomstick and flatiron. ' " How TO save money " is the heading to a notice in half the papers in the country to-day. But that isn't what troubles ns, but how to get it. Mrxx IPL IC ATioi? is an easy matter with the cabman. He gets four passen­ gers, looks around and says : " Four times 50 cents is $2, and four to carry.*" THF.KE is no royal road to nobility, and the advantage of birth does not amount to much in this country ; at the same time if an United States man wants to be born so that he can achieve great­ ness, or have it thrust upon Kim, he had best be born in Ohio. THKRK is a serious neglect somewhere when a public man is allowed to go out of office without a gold-headed cane. • good cane can be had for $ 15, and man who gets it cannot spend more a hundred dollars on the hungry m. scribers who will expeat to be asked, to supper. MANX a true word is spoken in jest, and there is a grim substratum of truth in the dry remark of a Detroit journal, to the effect that the number of people alive a year ago, but dead now from not knowing it was loaded, is estimated at 500, with a few old shot-guns jet tohaar. from. 'y'$: OH, wonld I wan a lunatic-- I'd sooti be one aa uot; * Then, If I ilidn't like a man, I'd kill 'tl soon be one aa uot; If I didn't Ilk* a man, 111 him on the spot. 4*. Than at the Mai I would yd****.. J-sfcC kg criminals now tlo, ,2. t(j-. ' Thnt all my kin were lunatic*'" •> | yl. And I waa orsxy too, " ;1 C AMBITIOUS boy--" Mother, trifty out West and fight Indians?", Mother --" No, my son ; but yon may go down to the cellar and fetch me up a scuttle of coal." Thereupon the heart-crushed lad swore eternal hostility to society, and forthwith became a plumber's ap­ prentice. "JOHNNY, you don't know how proud I was to have you at the head of your class, and now you have fallen back ever so far." " You are to blame for it, ma." "How ao, Johnny f " The Bible says 'pride goes before a fall.' Your pride went before my falL Besides, it is some other boy's mothoPa turn to feel stuck up." " HAY, Sue, boo how I sue and aigh _ ; ^ . And on the lea lay low-- ' " v-:§. Oa the Last Car. Scene: Eleven o'clock at night. Last ear going up the hill. Seats all taken. All male passengers. One man hung to a strap and looks as tired as though he had been up several nights. Enters young man who is noted for making merry at the expense of his acquaint­ ances. Sees party holding up the strap and bursts out: "Hello, Jim, where you going?" Jim (surly)--"Where do you 'spose I'm going ? up the hill, of course." Young man--"But you ain't going home are you ?" Jim (veiy surly)--"'Course I'm going home. What's the matter with you, anyway! Guess you are getting a little too fresh." Young man--"If you're really going home, Jim, just get off at the next eor- ner with me and I'll write you a letter of introduction to your wife. The inmates of the car roar, and -ft™ indulges in some muttered curses, which only makes the fun more hilarious as the ear moves wearily up the hill, and the man at the strap glances angrily at the laughing passengers. Young man takes a seat outside with the conductor.--Al­ bany Express. For I upon this day do die If you, O Sue, say M"" No teU-tale sign iloes she Where he his tuad pleas plies : y The teardrops that do dowuwarfl IjRW Oose as ease from his eyes. - " Ah, woe upon the way we war*-- •** Do you not. Sue, ao any T" \ ; He lingered on his knee nlfh, For answer knew no nav. •» City Tiwr*. A ROCKLAND man read that one should endeavor to draw something useful from everything he saw, and nobly resolved to profit by the teaching. That night, when the moon was hidden, he essayed to draw a number of useful cordwood sticks from his neighbor's woodpile, and got tilled so full of rock-salt out «l a gun that he won't be able to taste aiyr- tliing fresh for the balance of his hfet-- Rockland Courier. "WHAT'S wrong between you and Smytlie, that you don't speak f" " Haw ! Fact is* we were both wivala for the hand of the same young lady--* celebwated beauty, you know!---and*-- well, I don't want to bwag, but I got this best of it. Poor Smythe 1" " My dear fellow, 1,000congratulations!" " Thanks awf'ly J We both proposed last week, you know, and she accepted > himr --Punch. Jons--"Certainly we ean give ypp any information desired on any subjeefc. What's a blizzard ? Why--a blizzard ia a--a--. You've seen the gentle zephyra among the trees in spring time, and, speaking of spring, it will be very soon, when the buds will put forth and tha back yard will need cleaning; when tha sweet flowers will perfume the woods, and the melting snow will bring to light two dead cats and a pile of ashes in front of your houses, and--. Sir, a blizzard t Owing to a rush of advertisements in thia isaue your question must go over to a more convenient time."--Derrick. Employment for a Yonthfnl LOTMV One of our marriageable young ladies from the suburbs had heard her father say that he wanted a boy to do chores, ana as she was leaving the church for home, a forward youth of about 15, with cane in hand and a cigarette in his mouth, thinking liimself every inch a man, stepped up to the young lady and with an air of assurance proffered his ser­ vices as escort, at the same time offering his arm. "Well, yea," said the young lady, MI believe father has been thinking of tak­ ing a boy to bring up, and perhaps you might answer." The boy sloped at a go-as-you-pleaae. --New York Mercury. State and Ceremony. t Gen. Badeau, the long-time lriead f(r Gen. Grant, is a choice raconteur,, alia one of his stories is of the curious work* ing of a law of Congress providing thai officers of the United States volunteers who had been musteredoutof theservion might thereafter wear their uniforms OB "occasions of state and ceremony." This was at once put to the test by a& ex-Brigadier General, who had enlisipd in the regular army as a high priva|% and who, on the first parade day, ap­ peared in the ranks in his old toggery, epaulets and all, but with his musket Ok his shoulder. He logically rema/kad that if that "wasn't an occasion of stain and ceremony he'd like to know7what Aft* thunder it was!" , jg, •• gv-'f THE State ©f Loaiaiana levies a po&» tax for the benefit of tbe public schooii upon all male inhabitants over 21 yeav of age. It is a Hen on all property of the tax-payer, and employers are liable for the tax of those they employ, pr®« vided tbe service has been for ninety days during the year for which the tax is due. The property of employer or employe, in case of non-payment of lit t;ix, may be seized and, after ten dayaf advertisement, sold to thw tax . costs. The tax is never to be low titfgi $1 nor more than $1.59. w.