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to^V .^V?' * ' ^1 13 V'1 : .f, - < 'IV ?> *>* „ . T V™ •*•**(»*" WwMw- y- j»»»»«>-J,»j*»,<->,»cJ;^a v.£ iff *r * t; * , ^ " /' *'" 1 \ *t' * ' •'*'V •" * ? 'lahulfalei VvNNSLYKE. Etta * and Publisher. McHENRt, ILLINOI& 8*oretaey of Wab LracoM has a a little km whoae name is Abraham. Tms largest boat ou the great lakes is being built at Cleveland, Ohio, it in to be of iron, 302$ feet in length, 39 feet breadth of beam acjl 25 feet depth ot hold, and to hay*.** Capacity -of 3,200 tons. K . : - A Uh1q<tb Will is that of Colnmbus Tyler, of Soaierville, Mass,| who left $150,000 or more to the First Unitarian' Society, giving his widow the home­ stead, which is at all times to be free to children and nurses. Savings-bank ac­ counts are to be opened for Sunday- school children, ' Thomas Qahfield, the grandfather of the President,„died suddenly when young. One of his sons was Abram Garfield, the. father of the President, who also died suddenly while still a young man, leaving a widow and four young children. Thomas Garfield an­ other brother, lost his life suddenly a few months ago, and now comes the death of the President, for whom the nation mourns. There seems to be a line of fatility in the family. In England, as in America^ popular respect for medicine and surgery has been greatly weakened by the showing made by the post mortem at Elberon ami a comparison in the light it gave with the prfetious opinions of the sur­ geon h and the treatment by them. Mr. Jennings, ths New York World's London orrespondent, is told that one of the great surgeons of England held from the 5rst that Dr. Bliss* location ol the ball (ras all wrong, and that the same emin­ ent authority denounced the experiment rith Bell's instrument as a rank piece >f quackery, absurd and ridiculous from ts nature. from a race of Christian heroes. The Ballous, of Rhode Island, trace their lineage back to the Huguenots--to one Maturin Ballon, who fled from France on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and settled in the Roger Williams col­ ony. It was be who raised the "Elder Ballou meeting-house,"which still stands «s a sort of Mecca, where the Ballous annually oelebrate the glories of their ancestors. One of the Ballous was as poor as the Widow Garfield when she split rails with which to "fence in" the little log cabin in which James was born. He was a preacher at the time of the first Revolution, conscientiously opposed to receiving pay for his minis- tvations, " and yet so poor that his son in learning to write was compelled to uste birch bark in lieu of paper, and charcoal instead of pen and ink." Thin son was Hosea Ballou. This is the stock whence the noble mother of the late President sprang. On the father's side he came from Massachusetts Revolu­ tionary stock. His great-grandfather and his great-uncle fought against En­ gland in 1776. • ' AN eminent- New Yo*k ; physician nakes a statement calculated to alarm he devotes of Gambrinus. "The nan," he says, "who habitually drinks >eer is sure to have Briglit's disease. Seer in large quantities is one of the rorst things a man can ruin his stomach nd organs with. In Germany, where be students drink a good deal of the er young, their kidneys and bladders re always affected. About the best ling to drink," said the doctor, "is laret wine at dinner, when it can go ight into the digestion. I' can't reoom- end anything to drink but thai 411 rink is more or lete an injury.*1 The Rev. Isaac Errett, who the funeral services of the Presi- it> Cleveland, is the editor of the ristian Standard, of Cincinnati, the oat influential paper which the Dis- ples possess. He was a warm person- friend of Gen. Garfield for many >ars. During the war, or at some ne immediately preceding it, a curious >mpact was made between four gentle- en--Gen. Garfield, Dr. Errett, the v. Harrison Jones, of Cleveland, and J. P. Robinson. By its terms, en any one of the four died the sur- were to attend the funeral and ke some public part in the ceremonies. Garfield was the first to pass away, id the compact was carried out. The vs. Errett, Robinson and Jones were present at Cleveland and took a con- icuons part in the funeral ceremonies. Jert Wilkkbsox, a Colorado outlaw Ho was kindly assisted "over the je" by the vigilrntes, was highly lected in Indiana, as well as with the lb from which he made his last ap- irance in public. His granduncle was seph Wright, who was Governor for reral terms, then United States Sena- aad afterward Minister to Berlin, grandfather was for many years a (mber of the Indiana Legislature. Hi* ler was. a cousin of the Hon. James I Harlan, of Iowa. Bert had for sev- II years figured as a border bar-room p, and the murder for which his life taken was wanton, brutal and cow- lly. When about to die, however, liis Ivado proved trustworthy. He ad- •ted the booed himself, remarking, jJoys, I'll help you all I can," and Illy kickedoVerthe chair on which he At the memorial meeting at tMete- land Dr. J. P. Robinson, the oldest friend of the late President, Who gave him money to pay his school bills when a boy, made a very affecting speech. Among other things he said: Some for­ ty-nine years ago, when that man was at his mother's bosom, I held him in my arms. I aever lost sight of him fully, but I lost him for a season and a time, I found him by and by a large, over­ grown boy. I found him in Hiram with my friend Mr. Rhodes and others. He was then working at a trade and going to school both. He had an old mother --blessed be God, I can speak of that mother--who was early left a widow, with him and three others. But she trusted in Israel's God. She said that He was the.God of the widow and the Father of the fatherless; and she taught the little boy to bend his knee and say : "Our Father, who art in heaven." When I met that boy at Hiram he called me to one side. I went. I spent most of the afternoon with him, and I wept, as some of you are weeping now. I found what the boy wanted. He wanted a little encouragement. He wanted the solace of a friend. God be thanked, I pledged him all the friend­ ship and all the consolation, with the means surrounding me, that I could give him. I bade him to my hoxise, and he came, and my good old wife" threw her arms around his neck as though he was her own boy. She kissed him, and they never met, from that day to this, after a few days' absence, without the same thing occurring. pmorrosic MAST. BvMmmw mt th« Antiquity mi leant CMlintiea. Man beholds the traces of his Mmww all around him, finds everywhere, even deep down in the bowels of the evidences of his great antiquity, and looks upon all as stable and enduring. He _ inquires of the pyramids, ascends thtir^ summits, wanders through their interior labyrhithtan passages, and seeks to find the motives for their construc­ tion. He deciphers the inscriptions on their wulis, and is astonished with the power and wisdom of those who made them. He finds their builders were in­ terlopers from some other country, and at a very remote age. Human records " fail to give the origin of these people, or the country from which they came. The antiquarian lencto his aid. He finds the mounds and tumuli of America identical in general form, and evidently constructed for the same purpose, vntn those covering the vast steppes of Anin. The mounds are traced down the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates, and a fee­ ble idea of their magnitude is learned ' - k ' f " ' * . •' •; • ' L> » ' / <• ' l&im Z * T' LACKS Rogers' advice was to write a very little and seldom--to put it by--and read it from t>me to time, and copy it pretty it Is Mart* »nd *4nninm often and show it to good judges. "What is the difference in the coa- Anotlier contemporary authoress, Mary 1 sumption of beer in winter and sum- Russel Mitford. frankly confesses that \ mer ? " asked George Alfred Townsend she was always a most slow and labori­ ous writer. "The Preface to the Trag­ edies " was written three times over throughout, and many parts of it five or six. Almost every line of " Atherton " has been written three times over, and it is certainly the most cheerful and sunshiny story that was ever composed in such si state of helpless feebleness and sufltaruig. -v - Terrors of the Snow Slide. To those who have never witnessed snow slide, says the "Salt Lake Tri­ bune," the term has no terror, while those who have seen an avalanche in the Wasatch shudder at the very thought of it. The mountains in the vi­ cinity of the Cottonwoods are steep and bare. It is said an Indian will not ven­ ture up Little Cottonwood Canyon. When questioned as to the cause of this strange fear of that particular canyon, they shake their heads and say "No good." Perhaps in former years, while unting in the mountains, a slide might have sent a number of them to the happy hunting grounds. Since the discovery of mineral in that section the timber 9long the mountain sides has been nearly all cut down. The snow falls deeper on this range than on any other part of the Rocky Mountains, and the least jar at the bottom will start the snow to moving gradually. At first it starts gently, the whole mass gaining strength and speed till it finally comes down like a thunderbolt, with the roar of a thousand pieces of artillery. Trees and houses are licked up and snapped •way as though so much paper. Im­ mense boulders are taken up in its course, and nothing but desolation and ruin remain behind. There are many causes for snow slides. If a heavy fall of snow is followed by a thaw and then a sudden cold snap, the next snow will be very restless on this smooth surface. Again, if a party should undertake to wade along through the snow on a steep mountain side, they leave a furrow be­ hind them which the immense pressure of the snow above is bound to close up. The magnitude of the slide depends upon the momentum the mass may ac­ quire before closing up this gap. Hence it is that men who know the capricious nature of snow in our mountain ranges are very cautious in moving around. The explosion ot a heavy charge of gunpow­ der, hundreds of feet beneath the sur­ face, has been known to start the snow- overhead. ' The Wyoming Method. San Francisco Chronicle. They have learned how to live in Hil- liard, Wyoming territory, and are pleased with their lesson. As often as they get out of meat they replenish this way: A band of wicked-looking citizenB go down to the Union Pacific track a ways, to where the trains run slowly and await the passage of the through express with its palace cars and tender passen­ gers. As it is heard in the distance ihey take their places, A stuff man made of straw is laid out beside two deal coffius, a bit of baggage keeping his face from I being Been, while the gang gather around ! a living victim, whom they are about to | hang to a telegraph pole. It is a slim | chance for the poor fellow, but the pas- j sengers run wild at the sight. The train I is stopped. Volunteers run back to the ! the scene. Explanation: Two noted ldpg singb there died in Great | [tain one of the most famous men that ! Intry has produced. Brilliant, au- j liors, fertile in resources, great in his j [acity to judge human nature, Benja- j Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, j »ed away after a long and eventful ; fr. A-Queen mourned his loss, and j lsnnds of subjects offered heartfelt I Jutes at his bier. Hi« rise to emi- J Ice among British statesmen has been ! jimented upon wonderful; and so J ad it was. ' Yet how stands his • t>rd as contracted with that of our ' President? Disraeli started from ? , .,. ranks of affluence, and bv nearlv ! ilorf-t,aeve8 are the scourge of the dis-, uuu oy nearly survivor penitent now, but the a century of man s endeavor won best time to hang him is when we have Premiership, a coronet and the ^ him. He's done thousand's of dollars of Iter. Garfield started from the home 1 damage. This suggests a ransom. The >ii, and in a quarter of a centurv 1 P886?^1*8 tak-e UP a contribution and Li A , . century , ^ tjie IXX)r uevl] B Ixf© for him. Then [hed the most exalted goal which any | they carried him on to Billiard and leave him. "Citizens in carriages" come riding home later with the ransom, which they divide without a quarrel, and there is peace and pleasantry in Hiiliard. en in Amerioa can attain. His lory will be cherished in the hearts [lis countryman, because whether on farm, the tow-path, on the field of le, in the halls of legislation, or in aief Magistracy of the nation, he I from and of them. |Gbbat men are the sons of great aers." Eliza Garfield, the mother le late James A. Garfield, has dem­ ited her title to greatness, regard- [of her descent, in the care and train- her - Jtsst she sprang A Harrow Escape of a Buggy. Jim Webster was driving a buggy rapidly down Austin avenue, when he knocked down and ran over old Uncle Mose, but, as if by a miracle, the old ' man was not injured in the least, j " Look heah, Jim, you had better be ' more keerf ul." ! " I*se gwine ter be, Uncle Mose; jes so ' soon as I has a buggy ob my own ter j drive. Dis heah turnout don't belong ter ma,"--Tauu Siftingu by exploring the ruined Temple of Be- lus--the wonderful Tower of Babel, of biblical story--on the site of ancient Babylon. As we follow the nomadic builders of those structures, we overtake them in the valley of the Nile, driving out the native blacks, as they had al­ ready done in Asia, setting up a new civilization peculiarly their own, and erecting their mounds, towers and pyra­ mids, each step of their progress mark­ ing an improvement on the preceding, the general idea and purpose of which their remote ancestors carried out with them from a continent which was grad­ ually submerged, the inhabitants retir­ ing before the incoming ocean. During the long periods of their journeying??, resting for centuries by the way, and again advancing, they reached that re­ gion, foreigners on a foreign shore, where we first find them at the com­ mencement of the historic age, maUng agj?ressive inroads upon the native pop­ ulations of Asia and Africa. The American continent bears unmis­ takable traces of a race who lived con­ temporaneous with those people. They, too, were mound, pyramid and artificial- lake builders; they were sun-worship­ ers, as were those who reached Asia, and, like them, had their idols, to whom they made animal and human sacrifices; they faced the east in their worship, and buried their dead looking in the same direction, and each had a large array of priests who administered to their gods; each employed ornamented funeral urns in which they deposited the ashes of their worthy dead, and used the phallic emblem in the manner. In short, each were parts of the great wave of humanity, going out of a common center, one rolling east­ ward, the other westward, to escape a then-impending calamity. Each had similar features and similar forms of ex­ pression ; each carried forward a similar civilization ; each had made similar ad­ vances in mineralogy; each employed the now-lost art of hardening copper for stone cutting, and used the precious metals for ornamentation. And, to cli­ max the whole, each had a written lan­ guage. Famine, pestilence and exter­ minating war, an overwhelming ocean wave, or some other direful calamity swept all away. His labors only re­ main to tell that he has been. Savage man, from some less-favored region, gained control, and intruded his dead into the mounds and places of sepulcher of the lost, and now, so far as America is concerned, wholly extinct race. The antiquarian and scientist and the­ ologian as well, should cease investiga­ tions among the ruins of Asia for flie birthplace of humanity, but such may, with profit, find a perfect resemblance be­ tween ancient Asiatic and American civ­ ilizations, and almost demonstrate that the latter is coeval with or antedates the former by thousands of years ; that the Western is quite as old as the Eastern hemisphere, and that here has been wrought changes of which the human mind has but a feeble conception ; that the markfc of an ancient and advanced civilization all around us give indications of still older ones which cycles of sub­ mergence aud emergence are ever devel­ oping to observing man; and which, if human records could be preserved through all the mutations of time, would ultimately reveal mach that at present is concealed from the earnest investi­ gator. Wonders of the Creation. The following paragraph is from the eloquent Chalmers: "About the time of the invention at the telescope another instrument was formed, which laid open a scheme no lees wonderful, and rewarded the inquis­ itive spirit of man. This was the micro­ scope. The one led me to see a system in every star; the other led me to see a world in every atom. The one taught me that this mighty globe, with the whole burden of its people and its coun­ tries, is but a grain of sand of the high immensity; the other teaches me that every grain of sand may harbor within j the tribes and families of a pusy popula­ tion. One told the insignificance of the world I tread uj>on; the other redeems it from all insignificance, for it tells me that in the leaves of every forest, and the waters of every rivulet there are worlds teeming with life, and number­ less are the glories of the firmament. The one has suggested to me that, above and beyond all that is visible to & man, there may be fields of creation that sweep immeasurably along, and carry the impress of the Almighty's hand to the remotest scenasoi the universe; the other suggests to me that, within and beneath ail that minuteness which the aided eye of man has been able to ex­ plore, there may be a region of invisi­ bles, and that, could we draw aside the mysterious curtain which shrouds it from our senses, we might see a theatre of as many wonders as asironomy has unfold­ ed--a universe within a compass of a point so small as to include all the pow­ ers of the microscope, but where the wonder-working God finds room for the exercise of all the attributes, where he can raise another mechanism of worlds, and fill and animate them all with the evidence of his glory." Authors at work. Harriet Martineau at first believed copying to be absolutely necessary. She had read Mrs. Edgewortli's account of her method of writing--submitting Iter rough sketch to her father, then copying and altering many times, till no one papre of her " Leonora " stood at last as it did at first. But such a tedious process did not suit Miss Martineau's habits of thought and her haste to ap­ pear in print. She found that there was no use copying if she did not alter, and that even if she did alter she had to change back again; so she adopted Abbott's maxim, " To know first what you want to say, and then say it in the first words that come to you." We have a very different style and a different re­ sult in Charlotte Bronte's toil in author­ ship. She was in the habit of writing her first drafts in a very small square book or folding of paper, from which she copied with extreme care. • Wfca W|U Follawt-Kf; [Literary World.} Ixmgfellow, Emerson, Whittier, Holmes, Lowell--what are we to do for authors when these are gone? Who is in the succession? On whom will their mantles fall? These questions are often asked in a despondent tone, as if Ameri­ can literature were to die with these. For one answer to them, it is enough to ask whether American literature died with Irving, and Cooper, and Poe? And if this is not enough, other answers are by no means wanting. One such other is that in literature achievement is seldom repeated, and, therefore, fame is seldom duplicated. There has been but one Homer, one Dante, one Chauncer, one Spenser, one Shakespeare, one Milton. Each indi­ vidual genius makes his own mark in his own place, and passes away. No one copies it. Ho who attempts to copy it proves himself not a genius. It is not to be desired, that we should have new Longfellows, Emersons, Whittiers, Lowells, Holmeses. We do not want their sacred touch to become a common performance. Their followers must strike new paths for themselves. There is another thought. Great fames may be rising around us which we are too near to measure. The older generation of American authors, of which Bryant was one, have been be­ fore us so long as to become invested with some shadowy grandeur of the his­ toric personage. The present public has grown up, as it were, into their presence. It found them in possession of the field. They were already of the past, and the past is venerable. They were before the war, and the war has shoved the years that preceded it back into an honorable antiquity. Oars is a new era. It cannot yet be that the men who belong to the new era should seem to be of the same stature with the men of the old. They are too near ua. We touch them daily.^ They are bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh. But for the generation which shall come after, they may be looming up into the proportions which other figures wear to-day. They have not yet assumed the historical perspective those lines alone determine fame. But there is another thought still. We shall never know, as a wise and thoughtful scholar said to ns the other day, how much the civil war decimated our literary ranks. Ours is a thinned out generation. We are the one-armed soldier. Our best members are missing. Poets, essayists, historians, philosophers, in the embryo, highest promises of future performance were cut down in the days of 1861-65. We shall never know what American literature lost in the losses of those terrible years. Per­ haps there must be an interregnum of mediocrity until the youth pf ji*>-day have attained their capacity row. The East River Bridge. The following dimensions of the vari­ ous parts of the great bridge spanning the East river at Brooklyn and New York will prove of interest: Length of river span, 1,595 feet 6 inches. ' Length of each land span, 930 feet. Length of Brooklyn approach, 971 feet. Length of New York approach, 1,662 feet 6 inches. Total length of bridge, 5,989 feet. Width of bridge, 85 feet. Number of cables, four. Diameter of each cable, 15| in#hes. Length of each single wire ln""^1- 3,578 feet 6 inches. Ultimate strength of each cable, 12,- 200 tons. Weight of wire, 12 feet per pound. Each cable contains 5,296 parallel (not twisted) galvanized steel, oil-coated wires, closely wrapped to a solid cylin­ der 15f inches in diameter. Size of towers at high-water line, 140 x59 feet. Size of towers at roof course, 186x58 feet. Total height of towers above high wa­ ter, 278 feet. Clear height of bridge in center of river span above high water, 135 feet. Height of floor at towers above high water, 119 feet 3 inches. Height of towers above roadway, 159 feet. New York tower contains 46,945 cubic yards masonry. Brooklyn tower contains 38,214 cubic yards masonry. New York caisson weighs 7,000 tons. Weight of concrete filling, 8,000 tons. Size of anchorages at base, 129x119 feet. k Size of anchorages at top, 117x104 feet. , Height of anchorages, 89 feet front, 85 feet rear. . Weight of each anchor plate, 23 tons. First wire run across May 29, 1877. Traveling Dairy Maids. [Boral New Yorker.] In Finland there are traveling dairy­ maids and dairy-schools. The dairy­ maids, or traveling teachers, were first appointed in 1868, officially, and as they were paid from the public treasury every inhabitant had a right to claim instruc­ tion from them. Ho much interest was awakened by the dairy-maids in butter and cheese making, that the govern­ ment fouuded dairy-schools, and schools were'also founded by owners of private dairies, with wemen to teach the practi­ cal part of the work. There are but eight pupils allowed hi each school, and after a course of two years they pass a final examination before the members of the agricultural society. During the two years the instruction consists of an­ imal physiology, tending of animals in general, treatment of the common dis­ eases of the cattle, the use of the ther­ mometer, different methods of cooling milk, and their effect upon the forma­ tion of cream, the treatment of cream, making of butter, the manufacture of cheese from skimmed and unskimmed milk, and finally book-keeping by sim­ ple entry--in fact a thoroughly learned business, which in this country is taken np and carried on in. a most unlearned aud haphazard fashion. Yigllaaee. Vigilance--eternal vigilance--is said to be the price of liberty, and to-day great success in commercial, as in every other sphere of life can be bought only with the same coin. Put plenty of it in your cargo, if yon would make yoar voyage a success. 1 of a New York brewer. " There is not much more than one- third of the beer drank in winter that is consumed in summer. But the brew­ ers prefer that kind of trade which they can employ all the year round. That ia why Coney island ia of very little ad­ vantage to a brewer. These large estab­ lishments have to be run all winter and the men to be paid their wages. Beer [.brewing in the Southern States has not l>een a success on account of the cost of ice, which does not form in that cli­ mate. You must keep your beer at low temperatures in order to destroy cer­ tain diseased ferments which would Bpoil it, and which only develop above a certain temperature. That would make the beer sour." " What is yeast ? " "Well, here's our chemist He will tell you that yeast is probably the low­ est form of organised life. It is a plant or spore, invisible but floating in the at­ mosphere. Here is a photograph of some yeast magnified thousands of times. You see that it is apparently little clus­ ters of eggs, like the roe of a shad. Now look at it through the microscope, and each one of these little eggs becomes half as big as a pea. There is a cavity as the middle, as if there was a stomach there. Brewers use yeast in preference to several ferments they might use. The refuse yeast is given away. Other brewers often come to borrow yeast, wishing to change their yeast, as they say. It is like breeding with certain animals which finally lose their mettle, and you introduce new blood from your neighbor's stock. So it is with yeast. As it is organized life, you want to quicken it from another brewery. We use about one gallon of yeast to a barrel of beer. When it has fermented the beer to the best of its ability, the yeast set­ tles down upon shavings of clean beech put in the bottom of the big tuns. There it perches like chickens going to roost, and there is a man-hole in each one of those tuns or casks big enough to let a man put his head and shoulders inside. He removes the yeast and the shavings and thoroughly cleanses the cask, and then the next beer is let into it by a hose." " The only difficulty with New York beer," said my friend, " is that in the hot weather, when there is a big de­ mand for it, it is furnished too new. -Beer ought to be kept three months, aud we try ,to keep it that long. But with four or five hundred trade custom­ ers and a thirsty city, they draw on the beer mercilessly in July and August. The yeast ought to lie thoroughly out of the beer before it is drunk. There is only about 4 per cent, of alcohol in beer and about 40 per cent* of alcohol in whisky. That accounts for the pop­ ularity of lager beer. It <s a fair com­ promise between total abstinence aud alcohol. It especially seems to suit the zone of temperature corresponding to our Western and Middle States." " Why do you use this barley inntnad of wheat?" "Any grain will make beer," said the brewer. " Wheat will make weiss beer. We use barley because we find it not only the cheapest grain, but it develops into diastaste and starch most thorough­ ly. This grain of barley you see now is nothing but starch and a very little diastaste. The diastaste attacks the starch and turns it into sugar. Then the yeast has such a gluttony for sugar that it makes carbonic acid gas and al­ cohol of it. The hops are merely put into the beer to give it the tonic quali­ ties. Hops now cost about 20 cents a pound, and we use exclusively. Ameri­ can hops, which are profitable to the {>roducer if he gets 12 cents a pound or them. We are now the greatest hop- producing country in the world, and send enormous quantities of hops to England. Quite au item in the brew­ er's list is li'ir.ses and wagons. A good pair of brewer's horses come from Ohio and have some Norman or Flemish stock in them, and cost about $600. Our drivers and brewers are generally Bavar­ ians, though Americans are coining into the business since it has become such a prominent feature of trade. Myself and my partner were originally produce merchants. The leading brewers of New York arrived in this country poor men." "Now," said I, "let me run over these points and see if I know them. Beer ia barley sugar fermented by yeast and made bitter and tonicv by hops. The yeast settles and is thrown away ; the mash, after infusing the boiling water, is drawn off and sold for manure. The carbonic acul released by the action of the yeast onythe sugar is what makes the beer liVelyX^The cold required in the ripening of the beer is to keep down poisonous ferments which have a tend­ ency to develop. Hops do not make yeast, but yeast has to come from a seed aoa^ to propagate by the malt it teeua Nearly correct," spoke up the chem­ ist, "and let me tell you, while they are assailing the chemist, that he is slowly moving the world. Mustard is now made artificially. So is indigo. Chemistry is a mere child yet, and perhaps as big a problem as it has got is this very ques­ tion of yeast. The Romans used yeast, and we think it is a form of organized life, and that we don't know much about it except that like some furious maggot it attacks sugar aud oonverts it into al­ cohol. " A Penny ttiggler. [Sew Haven Register.] "Say, ma, can I have a cent?" said Sammy Smallboy, all out of breath. "Coz all the boys have got penny gig- glern and I hain't got none." "What's a 'penny gigglers,'my dear?" asked his mother, striving to calm his gashing spirits. "Weil, if you ain't too funny! Why, a penny giggler's a kite wot coats acent. Gimme it! "Wait until your father oomes home, my dear. I cannot let yon have free run of the bank account without his con­ sent," and Sammy kicked a new hole in the sitting-room carpet with his boot that cost him a boxed ear. His mother three hours' time to darn, and his father labout half a minute to--well, not exact y to "darn." tirely protected from the sun. When helmet a wagon coming the other way, he'd leave the first one, and come back in the traveling shade. You can see him do this any day now, and he's the most comfortable and contented goat in the country. "--Denver Tribune. ~ ^; A Cold, Cheerless Ride. Probably the most cold-blooded that ever occurred took place at a oer- tain summer resort in Wisconsin. There was going to be a picnic, and a young man and the girl he was engaged to be married to started in a row boat to cross the lake, taking an ice-cream freezer full of frozen ice-cream for the picnic. Just before arriving at the picnic the boat capsized. The boat was bottom side up, and the young man helped his girl on to the ice-cream freez^y and lie got on the boat, and after flo*tiujjMor half an hour they were rescued. x|e girl did not complain at the time alie'wa^ put on the freezer, as she was glad eriough to get on anything that would float, but, after they got ashore, and she had a chance to reflect on the matter, and •allr with the other girls, she concluded ihat his getting on the boat, which was nice and warm, and putting her aboard the icc-.ji earn freezer, which was so cold and cheerless, was a breach of etiquette that would stamp any man as being a selfish, heartless villain, and she refused to speak to him, aud declared the en­ gagement off. He was very much mortified over the affair, and tried to explain that he was more accustomed to a boat than she was, while he rea­ soned that she would naturally be more familiar with an ice-cream freezer. It certainly looks to us to have been a cold­ blooded transaction, and while the young man might have been rattled, and pow­ erless to ghisp the situation as he would if he had it to do over again, the girl is certainly justified in being indignant. An ice-cream freezer is a cold and cheer­ less companion even when empty, but filled with congealed cream and pounded ice, and in the water, it cannot but have I been an Arctic exploration on a KnyiH scale. Beside the ice, it is a notorious fact that ice-cream fr«iezers are made of zinc, the coldest metal in the world, if we bar women's feet. "Sheridan'sRide" has been spoken of in poetry and song, but it pales into insignificance by the side of this girl's ride on the ice-cream freezer. If the young man had exhib­ ited foresight, and had a side-saddle buckled on to tke ice-cream freezer, the experience would have been robbed of much of its frigidity, if there had been a thick blanket under tiie saddle, but he failed to take even that precaution. As it is we do not blame the girl for break­ ing off the engagement. In addition we think any court would decide that he should pay for the ginger tea and cough lozenges that she had to take to cure her cold.--Peck's Sun. 1" a MD1IX Btcnaofts. gniBg up the pleasant Biehmond stiraeta, Thai I heard a merry aegree? «ay. Wbar yon git 4tm peaehea? Whar 70a gtt Dejr aint good for aottia#--aiiywar . ,y.'> V"« " "Clar to gracious? Habn't I done toleyea Dat de beutest peaches on de tree Grows upon de berry topmost, branebeik^ . Wbar ae blessed snitaolae dey kin seer "Sf yon wants 'em rosy-streaked and yellow, tr TOO 5 listen, boy! 8f yon • Full ob juice# to de 1 wants 'em ripe and sweet and mellow, -.n'll r - heryi . e ana 1 You'll hab to climb far den! "V". • 't "Deee is hard, and green, and good for nottingjpp You may eat dem all, I reckon. Stonl *i||« Folks as will, eats from de !owe*t branches, Bnt I's bound to hab mine from de top. r,t* ^ "Hard to git at? Conrae dey's hard to git at. Folks don't find good peaches oa de street. " ,V* • Bfdey wants to eat dem rosy peaches, ' ""fV Dey must climb fur dem, wid hands and Then she went away, with scornful lattgUsr, And I read her lesson easily: 5 Things worth striving for are, like the pe*ehea. On the topmost branches of the tree. *} Hard to get at, but well worth tho winning. Oh, the peaches in the sunshine Wowing! brave hoart. leave thon the Sower branches fp.; 'tack the fruit upon the tree-top gro^jflj.„ ' I "V fens AlfB POINT. A pOwkwul Dumber--Potent &. ,' What are the dimensions of a litflt> |v- " " ' A Goat Full of Intellect and Culture. " Gloats are very sagacious," remarked Mr. Blivins. . "There's one down on the Kansas Pacific that is just full of in­ tellect and culture. He's the smartest animal I ever saw. Yoi^know it's mighty hot there this weather. You can look a mile there in either direction and not see a blade of grass. The goat was always, able to stand it until this summer, and j^hen the sun got too hot for him and he suffered dreadfully. Day after day he'd lie down and try to think up a pian to get a little shade, but it didn't come to him lor a long time. At last one morn­ ing he happened to look down the road and saw a wagon coming along, and an idea struck him all at once. He jumped to his feek ran down under the wagon and trottea along for a mile or bo ea- The Great Drought of 1849. At Pleasant Hill, Kv., I conversed with an intelligent and pious Shaker, who held to the doctrine of final perse­ verance in his undying faith in the good­ ness of God, in not suffering a total fail­ ure of crops to occur. He was a young man in 1819, the year of the " Great Drought," when from early summer to the middle of January there was no rain, when the air was hot and dry, when the clouds refused to form and be condensed into showers, when the dew-point was not seen, when the stagnant pools of water in creeks and branches became so thoroughly carbonized and miasmiferous that the cattle died, and all vegetation was utterly parched up and apparently destroyed. During that terrible drought the cattle became atHicted with the "hot- weather itch," and thousands died, liter­ ally tearing the skin from their sides and backs in their frantic efforts to scratch I themselves to relieve the intolerable itching. Deer and horses died with blaok tongue; fowls and birds became listless and stupefied, moped in despair, lost their plumage, and died in tftter misery. Men, women and children grew sick with disappointed hopes for the healing showers, drinking the foul car­ bonized water and eating dusty food, and many died of disease not known before or since. .Maddened with the intolera­ ble itch and frantic with eating the dry and desiccated grass, deprived of all nu­ tritive elements by the long drought, the cuttle, sheep and horses roamed the fields and through the forests, moaning and howling, or pawing the earth in im­ potent rage. Added to these horrors, the fields and forests took fire and burned for weeks and months. The air was filled with smoke and ashes, produc­ ing another horror in the shape of some form of ophthalmia that was almost in­ tolerable. Fresh vegetables were soon exhausted, the cattle were too diseased to be used for food, water was scarce and unfit to drink, fires were raging, and the whole population afflicted with disease in some shape. This tstate of tilings lasted until the middle of January, wnen the blessed rain and the really beautiful snow came and-saved the country from utter anni­ hilation.--Cor. Louisville Courier-Jour- nal. The Way Plate Glass Is Hade. [Pittsburgh Telegraph.] To cast roll, polish, and burnish plate glass requires machinery of peculiar con­ struction, and a "plant" that is costly by reason of its complex nature. The pouring of liquid glass from the furnace upon the cast iron plates, and the sub­ sequent rolling, are processes compara­ tively eimple. Any housekeeper who has used a rolling-pin 011 a batch of pie­ crust dough performs an operation very similar to this stage of plate glass mak­ ing. It is the succeeding processes of grinding and polishing and final bur­ nishing tliat require time and costly mechanism. After leaving the rolls and bed-plate the glass is rippled and rough, and only lit for gratings or skylights. Each plate must be transferred to mach­ ines that resemble the turntables ol a railway. On that revolving platform the glass is cemented into a bed of plas­ ter of Paris, and the machine started. Bearing heavily on the surface of the glass are blocks of metal, and while in motion the surfaces are kept supplied with sharp sand and a constant stream of water. The next stage of the glass- grinding process is the same as to mach­ inery, but instead of sand coarse emery is used. Tlie, finer emery is used in an­ other revolving table, and so on for half a dozen times. The final polishing is done by heavy reciprocating devices, fed with rouge, and maintain mg a con­ stant back and forward motion, and also lateral movement over the surface of the crystal. All this requires the assistance of a large force of men, many of them skilled laborers. After going through these different grindings and polishing the plate that measured an inch in thick­ ness is only three-quarters of an inch thick, has lost all its roughness, and is ready for the show-window of the pur­ chaser. Beth Gkkkn says the difference in the size of fiahes in various localities in due to a difference in the character of the feeding grounds. He has scei a gen­ uine brook' troot that voigivp ten pounds. * ©Ibow-room? F^ats are frequently entered hgf sharps by means of false keys. If £ou wish to know the climate of any high mountain, why go to it atid climb itt A man, being tormented with corns, kicked his foot through a window, au the pane was gone, - Hbvkb judge a bed by its cover «tv the beauty of its head. What seems aft tempting may prove a pillow sham. v Graoib's first experience in eatinjNk peach: " I've eaten it, cloth and w; mamma. Now, what shall I do with the bone?" The Baltimore Surt tells of a young • lady of that city who gave $100,000 for a husband, Us men coma high, but the girls have got to have us. JUDGES in this town sweep oat their own court-rooms. -- Evanston Indtat. Pshaw 1 Suppose Evanston Judges do sweep, Don't angels weep, too? A m?Ahned writer asserts that " Heav­ en keeps our lights burning while wo sleeps." "Well, it does look hat wayN whe& the figures on a gas bill stare the -average citizen in tne face.--FreePrem. A xjttxiE fellow, on going for the first time to church where tm> pews were very high, was asked, on coming out, wiiat he did in the church, when he re­ plied; " I went into a oupboard and tooic 4* seat on a shelf." The proprietor of a building-site in Wisconsin advertises his land lor sale in this wise; The town of Poggis and surrounding country is the most beauti­ ful whichnatore ever made. Hie scenery is -celestial) also two wagons and a yoke * -of «Usees." Advice to the young--When you aw told a story, my son, never remark : ** That isB« the way I heard it," etc. -Don't you know that stones are told to pleasure to the teller, and not to the Transcript. Wife of an Episcopal minister to her wa»herwoman: 44 Well, Bridget, how •dkl you like the sermon Bun day f" Bridget; "It was beautiful. I like to go to churok. It's so nice to see your hnsbaad courtesying around ift' Mi shroud* X DOC Ten man, while walking down A highway in his native town, ,* , * - . -r Looked o'er a fence, and there beyond " Observed notne ducks upon a puod. -« . >' He sazt'd awhile, aud turned liis back, . When 0110 oid drake remarked: 44 Quack j Then turuH he ijuick, with flaaliiug eye, i- Jtudyelltxl: 44 You lie, you dend! you He!" / A Southern paper knows a colored sister who got so much 'ligion at a re­ vival that she jumped up and shouted: " Whoop! I feel as big as a fodder stack! I's cheated de debble out'en my soul as slick as a 'possum's tail. Glory, honor and salvation." A woman rather shabbily dressed en­ tered a store on Austin avenue and asked tue merchant at his desk to give her fl for the support of her aged mother; "You can't come that game on me. Your mother died last weak." " We|L ain't I her heir? Don't I represeal her?"--Texan S<flings. A cleuoyman in Scotland had a stran­ ger preaching for him one day, and, meeting his sexton, asked, " Well, Saun­ ders, how did you like the sermon to­ day ?" " It was rather ower plain and simple for me. I like the sermons beat that jumbles the joodgment and con- foonus the sense. Au', sir, I never saw ane that could come up to yoursel' at that." Thk Archbishop of Cologne had a o$> rious experience in an examination ot children. " Is the sacrament of confir­ mation necessary to salvation ?" he in­ quired of a boy. 44 No, Monsignor," re­ sponded the lad; " but when there is an opportunity of receiving it, we should not lose it." "Well said," replied the prelate. Then, turning to a girl, he asked if the sacrament of matrimony was necessary to salvation. " It ia uotjr was the quaint reply, "but when th*:' occasion arises it should not be lost." Better left unsaid^, Fogg went into the carpet store of Brussels & Tapestry. He was shown several patterns, bat none seemed to satisfy his taste exac unul the dealer unrolled a beautiful Brussels, saying: "There is a carpet that will suit you. That carpet is hard to beat." Fogg said he didn't want it if that was the case, and walked out, leaving the dealer a sadder bat wiser man.--Boston Transcript. 1 STOOD ou the porch at evening. When the kuu went aileutly dowa; Aud the Jime-bug bright, in the *aT Flew merrily through 'he town. O, sweet were the genUe zephyrs That blew from the bahujr soutii. And red were the lipe and »weet vai That I took from the pretty month Her tiuy -waist waa encircled By my arm ao strong and true, Said 1, " Whose ducky are you, loura "Yours," tiheiuurmured, "and O. the hallowed hours of that evenlagl O, the cru«i caprice ol Fate I Her father, unkind, came ap I And fired me over ttte frth • X 11 "'* V ' %••"><« , '•* * 4 • ' * ' >- ? V#' i f - 1 • tha^pp 'r?-, Practical DemoastratieB tf tlM €•!»•.,M CfcbMB. Not long ago a bright little girl itt ^ Sunday school of St. Luke, If -u, N# .«« .1 J., who was in the Calvary caterfmu*-^ '* class, taught by Miss S -, and evii dently had reacned the bottom facts ojf* ? the lesson--the cre&tion of man- out opt::' the dust oi the earth--came running^v* home to her mother, overfull of eonii»„ ; deuce in the Scripture theory and hefsO own reflective cuoeitiaions, and ex­ claimed : i 44 Oh„ mother, I know it ia all tro#( what the catechism aaid about Adam'a " being made out of the dust of the earth --I know it is!" * '• Way r. "Becanse 1 saw Aunt Emma whby Gracic, and I saw the dust i?y out of/ her. I know it is so.** . H Little liraeie bad been playing with ashea.--"Knifora Drawer," in i/arl pcr's Magazine. Awoo the Indians near th* Amaw' there are no weeds for numbers, aad a want of arithmetical powm. ? ' mmii WMMi-