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I. VAN4LYRI. UhrM PsMlifcir. felEr'A.-wm: JloHENBT, ILLINOIS. -*«fe THE "first ootton-mill erected in •Charleston since its bombardment has oommenoed operations with 15,000 *Spmdles. j f OLD DOTR«T.AH,the bloodthirsty 'TJte -ohief of Meeker massacre fame, lives near Unitah, U. T. He is crazy and dangerous and pretends to be a great unader. He - iy ^re$ gently seen with a ^newspaper* Vigoyoilsly pronouncing the news to a gronp of fellow-Indians, and lieedless though the newspaper be up­ side down. r1 . MR. JOHN WALTERS, of Americns, •Oa., awoke the other night with the "firm conviction that he was about to -die, and?«wit& a consideration as fare as ft wae£|licAte, lie arose, dressed him­ self, and went out to secure a eouple of •friends to sit up with his corpse, in or­ der that his wife might not be left alone with" thte awful calamity which was i about to overtake her. The next day i he went around in perfect health telling hismysteriou* revelation. , MAN named Wiggins, a Canadian weather prophet, has written a letter to President Arthur in which he gives earning of a storm so terrific on the 11th of next March that "no vessel, Whatever her - dimensions, will be safe out of harbor.™ Experience with Ven- nor has weakened public confidence in Canadian weather prophets. They are •eo frequently wrong that nobody can truirt their predictions, and they are -right just often enougtfi*) make it un­ safe to expect that exactly the contrary will happen. Mr. Wiggins' prognosti­ cations, therefore, will inspup^nograat expectation. ^ Pl - "ARCHER, the famous jockey, is to be -married to one of the prettiest girls in Newmarket, tlii daughter of John Daw- soni the trainer. Archer is building a house at Newmarket of red brick, with deep stone dressing, and handsomely c|ecorated. It has ornamental and kitehen gardoifs,, totables, hot-houses, an elegant conservatory and every com­ fort, including an enormous mastiff. There is a private Turkish bath, in which 4-?cher proposes to keep himself •down to all but skeleton weight. He cannot take walking exercise. He is worth £60,000 pounds, invested for him by Lord Falmouth, in solid securi­ ties. •• • _-r , PEOPLE who hove suffered from having tbaff trunks smashed while trfcv&liflg Vilt be gratified to learn that redress has been obtained by at least one victim. Joseph Mitsche, of San Francisco, sued the Union Pacific Bail- way Company for damages inflicted on his trunks whi!e in care of that com­ pany. t A verdict was given in his favor, Mad' assessed -$£23.73. The court charged that, when a railway •company assumes charge of a jjassen ger's trunk by giving him a check for it, it becomes responsible for its return to him in good condition. This ruling, with a statement of the damages awarded Mr. Mitsche, should be posted ii^large type in every baggage-room in th<jf country. ^ ; 112,109,343 717,74(5 $106,050,334 If NOT including custom work and re­ pairing the number of establishments in the United States in 1880 manufact­ uring boots and shoes w(&p 1,959; they hg<| an invested capital of $42,991,028: fhqy employed 3,483 children and ^ 25,|22 females above 15 years of age, and 82,547 males above 10 •years of age; they paid $43,001,438 in wages. The material used was: 6,831,- 661 sides of sole leather; 21,147,656 sides of upper leather, including calf, moroccos* a|td vother «kins; 35,960,614 pounds Of fcthqr lealflier. The value of materiifa fcserff hy these factories was $102,442,442. Their product was as follows 40,590.806 at.,. 4. 4 &• 811,233,W5 $1,887,615 pair* shoes valued at. Value of unspecified product*. . >T4t*l<i>nxlueta ..... * ^HE experiment of recoinage of the "20-cent pieces will soon be made at the . mint, in order to ascertain what the percentage' &f loss will be in making them ttp irifttdiitt&rand quarters. There lias accumulated a large quantity of mutilated coins and some 25 and 50-cent piep«fe> .wjjjsji are not^current on account •of^raao|». %he "great bulk of the woTOv6fTdfcbtiiage is caused by the mu­ tilation of silver coins by holes punched "Inthem, originally fo* the manufacture «of cheapo jewelry. There is no law in -this"^oan^y, as in England, making it a felony to ;punch a hole in a coin# It is beUm-ed it the mint bureau that a very rge proportion of the 10-cent pieces thfc* yiatfj coinage have already been fMfp. ft'om circulation for the manu- bajiglee bj jewelers in New York city and other trade centers. In •order to check this abuse as far as pos­ sible, the new coins are not allowed to (jbe^ issued from the mint, except from the Treasurer, and then only in sums • over $100. // THK centennial of the first balloon • Attmsion was celebrated at Paris a ew • days ago by a banquet which was .t- • tended by aeronauts and many distin­ guished French scientists. The experi- • ence of this country with balloon* has not 1 een such as to justify the celebra- ' tibn tff this even^. Balloon ascensions ' Hehshave frequently been ds.stroiis. ' The los« of Donaldson and Giimwoo I. thp death of Wise, the complete and > mortifying failure of the expedition nm •; io . ...... *;• • •«' "Mil M A from Minn£aj>uTu» Tast year, h^ve so thoroughly satisfied Americans that ballooning cannever be made a useful means of locomotion that the man who devotes any great time to it is set down as a crank. French aeron uts, how­ ever, have been somewhat successful in demonstrating the utiliy of the bal­ loon. During the siege of Paris it proved highly u-eful, and the services of the aeronauts at that time are con­ sidered great enough to justify a cele­ bration of the 100th anniversary of Montgolfier's ascension. At the ban­ quet in honor of this event nothing was said, however, which would encourage the belief that aerostation will ever be of any great practical value, and the t me alluded to when the balloon proved itself serviceable waa a wholly-excep­ tional oooasion. . * GEN. SHFRHJAN'S explorations in Wyoming, Idaho and Montana last Au­ gust and September, of which he has recently sent a report to the Adjutant General, suggested to his mind a new Indian policy. The Crow nation num­ bers 3,470 souls, and its reservation, on which a few cattle graze and a few ber­ ries grow, contains 6,0<X),000 acres of valuable land. "I would recommend," writes Gen. Sheridan, "that the Govern­ ment give eighty acres to the head of each family, buy the I alanoe from the Indians, paying them, say, half a dollar per acre, if thought proper, then. pur- chase Government bonds with the money, and each year i se for their sup­ port, through the Commissioner of ^ In­ dian Affairs and their Agent, the interest upon the bonds, without touching the principal. This interest would be very much more than i< now appropriated yearly, and the Indians by these means would have a perpetual fund, the prin­ cipal of which should never be touched except by acts of /Congress. In fact, if all Indians and their reservations were treated in this way a better system of government for the Indians could be obtained. It would also be a good bar­ gain fo- the Government, as the pur­ chased land could be sold to actual settlers for an advance, and be occupied by people paying taxes, to say nothing of the opening up of the country." O*mpm Ormmmm' Maxima 1. Prepare the ground la fall; plant in spring. 2. Give the vine plentof manure, old and well decomposed; for fre^n manure excites the groxth, but does not ma­ ture it. 3. Luxuriant growth does not insure fruit. 4. Dig deep but plant shallow. 5. Young vines produce beautiful fruit, but o'.d vines pro luoe the riche-it. 6. Prune in autumn to insure growth, kut »u -pring to promote fraitfolness. 7. Plant yonr vines before m pat up trellises. 8. Vines, like old soldiers, i&ould have good arms. 9. Prune spurs to one developed bud; for the neai er the o>d wood the higher fl tvored the fruit. 10. Thoee who prune long must soon climb. 11. Tine leaves love the sun; the fruit the shade. Every leaf has a bud at the base, and either bnnoh of froit or a tendril opposite it. 13. A tendril is an abortive fruit bunch--a bunch of fruit a productive tendril. 14. A bunch of fruit without a healthy leaf opposite it is like a ship at sea without a rudder--it cant oome to port. 15. Laterals are like politieians; if not checked they are the worst of thieves.--The Vint Dresser, Result of High Atmospheric Pressure. "What is Chief Engineer Roebling's disease?" was asked of an engineer of the West Rfver Bridge. "A very rare one," he replied. "It is the caisson disease, the result of enduf- ing a high atmospheric pressure. You know that these two great granite piers rest to-day on wooden boxes, turned bottom upward called caissons. These were constructed with the same hori­ zontal dimensions as the towers. For instance, that on the New York side was 102 by 172 feet, and was nine feet high. The roof of the caisson or the bottom of the box, was made twenty-two feet thick, of solid timber bolted together. The caisson was built on ways, launched like a ship, and then towed to the point where the pier was to be lo-ated, courses of granite blocks were laid up­ on the top, and by this means it was sunk until it rested upon the bed of the river. Then air was forced into the chamber of the caisson by engines on the shore, uutil the v/2,ter was displaced I and the river bed was bare. This press­ ure was maintained day and night, and workmen were employed digging out the earth from beneath the caisson, so that it should gradually and evenly de­ scend. As the caisson settled the ma­ sonry on it was built up, so that the top of the stone work was always above water. "A good foundation was not reached on the New York side until we reached a depth of seventy-eight feet. Of course workmen had to work in com­ pressed sir, and the chief engineer was Often with them, as he was anxious that no mistake should be made at the foundation of the piers. The pressure of air required to keep the water out of the caisson increased in exact proportion to the depth. When the digging was begun, the caisson being covered by forty feet of water, the pressure was about eighteen pounds to the square inch, but it reached thirty-six before the close." "Did the pressure effeet the health of others?" "Very seriously. Some are to-day hopeless invalids like the chief en­ gineer. A number died, and only the most robust fully recovered. In four months there were 110 cases."--frew York Sun. Took a Tumble. A farmer and his wife came riding into town in a big two-horse wagon, and the woman carried in her arms a baby wrapped up in an old bed quilt. As there was a good deal more bed quilt than baby the little one slipped out and tumbled unhurt into a soft place in the street and the couple jogged on, serene­ ly unconscious that anything was wrong, until a bevy of small boys chased after them, yelling: "Say, mister, you have lost some- thin'." "Don't look around," said the woman, nudging her husband, "it's them city boys and they alius act jest so." "S-a-vl missus, be this yours? shout­ ed the boys in chorus. "Hain't you dropped nothin', Sue," inquired the farmer, anxiously. "No, I haven't," answered his wife. "This ain't the fust of Aprile, is it? It's jest them city young'uns up to their tricks," she continued, shifting the bed quilt a little, and then, as she felt its emptiness--"Lord a massy! where's the baby gone to ?" They both looked back then and saw a crowd of boys swarming at the end of the wagon, and in their midst a happy, dusty baby, delighted with the situa­ tion. It didn't take them long to re­ cover the youngster, and wrapping it more securely in its patchwork, thej jogged on again.--Detroit Post. , He Didn't Care for Any. A story is told by the Nantucket Inquirer of a young married man in town, which will bear repeating. Th& young man, during his "courting" days was very bashful. One day he was in­ vited to attend a tea party at the house of a pious uncle of his sweetheart, and when sen ted at the table the good host­ ess requested him to ask a blessing, which so "broke up" the already bewil­ dered young man that he unconsciously stammered out: "I don't caxs for any, thank von." tnUailBMNtolMkMitolMi Take him to the top of rather a steep piece of ground, stand his hind feet down the slope, throw the bridle reins over the neck, place yourself in front, and take hold of them on each side of the head clo^e up to the bit. Now press the bit ag-iinst the sides of the mouth and speak gently--"baok, back"--and the horse will s on learn to do thi*. Next, take him on the' top of rround not quite so steep, and pursue the same course. When the horse has learned to back readily down hill he can be taken on to level ground to do it. As soon as this lesson is well taught, harness him to a light, empty wagon and go through the same course. When completed jump into the wagon, take the reins in hand, pull on them, at the same time speaking to him " back, back," and thus keep up the discipline till the animal is perfected in it. If he has a mate, after both are well instructed, they can be harnessed together and drilled till per­ fect in backing. Three tilings, as ab"»ve stated, must be strictly observed: First, to place the horse with his back down descending ground: second, when harnessed, let it bo in a light, empty wagon, which re­ quires the least possible effort to back it: third, be perfectly kind to the horse, speak gently, pat it on the neck, stroke down its face with the hand and on no account strike it. As soon as the horse understands what is wanted of him, he will do it with alacrity. It is n>t from ill-temperor stubbornness that he does not back at once when spoken to1; it is from sheer ignorance--he does not know what is wanted or how to do it until gently taught. A second method is to harness the horse alongside of another well broken t,> back, and set the hind end of the wagon on a sloping piece of ground and fo low the directions above, or jump into the wa^on and take the reins in hand, but it is better to discipline alone at first, ns above. To teach a horse to lead, let a man or boy take the end of the bridle in hand and gently pull on it, while an­ other holds out a dith. with grain or nie ii in ir. The Lorsr. •will then advance to it. Now let him nibble a small quan­ tity.. then move with the dish a little farther in front, and so keep on till he is taught to lea I well. He can also bo taught by putting him alongside an­ other horse which leads easily. He ouglit to be rather hungry when thus drilled, so that he will oome up eagerly to the dish of grain.--Jvwra/ New Yorker. Sandow^r g*ed for PMltrf. The esthetic craze may not be so pro­ duct ve of practical results as some other ideas that suddenly take hold of the public mind, but the sunflower be­ ing the standard, as it were, of this new idea, may receive the attention it deserves, and become, not only a fash­ ionable foible, but also a profitable plant. The mammoth Russian is one of the most profitable varieties, and should be cultivated in rows about six feet apart, with the plants four feet in the rows. The result will be a yield ol seed at the rate of from fifty to 100 bushels per acre, and, for poultry, makes the best feed of anything we have ev< r tri- d. They should be fed about three times a woek during the laying season, and will give the best resulrs in egss. During cold weather the oil in the seed serves the same purpose as in the lamp, and furnishes luel to keep up the animal heat. For show birds on exhibition a short diet of sunflower seod gives the feath­ ers an extra glossy coat, and a cl»an, bright look to the combs and gills. The advantage of a small plot of sunflowers rear the house in warding off malaria i- worth all the trouble of cultivating them, as well as the ornament and de­ velopment of the esthetic among the young.--American Daii-y man, , OMng Medicines to Animate. Prof. D. D. Slade presen's some val­ uable rules for administering medicines to animals, in the November American AgrietiiturisU In giving a drench to a horse, n horn should be used in preference to a bottle, for fear of bretkagc. Standing at the right shoulder, ra se the head with the le t hand under the jaw. and with the right hand pass the lip of the horn into the s'de of the mouth, and empty ifs contents, the head be'ng kept up until they are swallowed. If the animal is violent, place a tvri'ch upon the nose, to be held by an assistant; or, if h<> re­ fuses to open the mouth, the tongue may lie gently held to one side, the horn introduced, quickly emptied, and the tnngne liberated at once. Under all circumstances, the greatest gentleness must be exerci-ad. Nothing can be gained by impatience or ha sh treat- on nt. For the ox or cow liquid medicine is preferable, given from the bottle rather thin the horn. The bottle is more manageable, and one is le*« tempt d to use it to pry open the j iws, and per­ haps thus lacerata the tongue also. Elevate the head only enough to pre­ vent the liquid running: from'he mouth. The I'ott e should not be pushed b tek far into the throat. The tongue should be left free. The following is a very neat and efficacious method: If stand­ ing, place the left side of the animal ou the per law by pas lng the Irft arm over the head, and beod!ng the latter f r round to the right, slightly elevating it. With the right hand, pour the contents of the bottle into the mouth at its angle, using the least possible force. Medicinal subs tan oes pan he readily given to the cat, after properly securing the animal. An efficient method is as follaws: Grasp the hind legs above the hocks, between the little and ring fingers of each nand; the fore extremi­ ties above the elbow, tatweon the other two fing rs, and place the thumbs against the posterior-'ateral parts of the head at the base of the ears. Be­ ing thus firmly held, the medicine, either solid or liquid, may be mygn from a common spoon. ^-rr DOMESTIC ECONOMY. To RKVOVK IK* note WOOD.-- Dilute half ateaspoonfnl of oil of vitriol with a larger spoonful rf water and apply it to the ink spot with a feather. Let it lie for a few minutes and rub it quickly, and repeat it if not re­ moved. ONIONS, to be deprived of strong odor, should be boiled in salted water for ten minutes, and then put in cold fresh water for half an hour; after that they should be put into a stewpan with just enough cold fresh water to cover them, and boiled gently till tender. Drain and serve with melted butter. To CLEAN TORTOISK SHKLL.--Put on the ornament one drop or two of aweet oil and j-ub it well in with the ball of the thumb until all greasiness disappears; a brilliaut polish will thus be produced, and afterward, if such friction with the hand is frequently used, the bright appearance of the tor­ toise shell may l>e eaa ly preserved. SEALING-WAX FOE FRUIT C ANS. --Take resin e ght ounces, gum shellac two ounces, beeswax half an ounce, and if you desire to have it colored, English vermilio i one and a half ounce. Melt the rosin and st r in the vermi ion, if used. Then ndd the shellac slowly, and afterward the beeswax. This will m ike quite a quantity and may be malted for use when wanted. LXOSNAISE POTATOES. -- Lyonn^ise potatoes are an i specially good dish. Put a large lump of butter in a sauce- p.;n and let it melt; then add one small onion, chopped fine or sliced very thin; when "it is browned nicely, but not scorched, put in plices of" cold boiled potatoes, salt and pepper well, let the potatoes cook untd thy are also well browned; i-erve while hot. A littlepars- ley, chopped fine, may be added, it you like the flavor. GBAPE LEAVES FOR PICKLES.--An ex­ change recommends the use of fresh, green grape leaves to place on top of pickles in jars in place of flannel or other cloth usually employed. He claims the leaves will preserve the vin­ egar sharp and dear, and impart a nice flavor. The leaves should be rinsed in pure water and left to drain before use, and occasionally changed. They ex­ clude the air and, beside imparting a delightful flavor to the piokle,eause less trouble to the housewife. A NEW DISH.--A prune pudding may be something new to someone. Heat a little more than a pint of sweet milk to the boiling point, then pour in grad­ ually a littie cold milk, in which you have rubbed smooth a heaping table- spoonful of oornstareli; add sugar to suit your taste; threo well-beaten eggs, about a teaspoonful of butter and a lit­ tle grated nutmeg. Let this come to a boil, first adding a cupful of stewed prunes with the stones taken out. Bake for from fifteen to twenty minutes, no- oordintj to the state of the oven. Serve with or without sauce. A cre-aiu improves it if {>oured over it whpp pbKwdi* saucers. Farming. It seems to us the future of farming has never looked so prosperous as at present. Agriculturists are realizing more freely every day the fact that theirs is the foundation rock of all pros­ perity, and that they are the mediums, or motive power, that runs and sustains all industries. Learning and acknowl­ edging the fact is a long step toward improvement, and when they come free­ ly, to recognize the necessity of educa­ tion and the assistance this will give them, a marked change oan be looked for in the financial and social eondition Of the farming community. It is not enough that we know how to plow a straight farrow, or swing a scythe or cradle, there must be a general change of social life and intellectual culture, a broadening and expanding of miud, a better knowledge by reading, study and social contact; not so much living alone with the plow and the hoe handles as principal company, but seeking contact more with the world. The welfare of this country is in the hands of the farm ers, if they knew it; its commercial as well as political management might be sul'ject ttf their will, if they would only country will be unprecedented. There are all sorts of rumors of railroads to be built across that country, but it ap- peirs pretty well settled that the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Com­ pany will extend their line from Alx r- deen to Pierre, through ihe center of Faulk and Sullv counties, the coming reason. If so, Pierre will have such a boom as no city in the Territo' y has jret enjoyed. At any rate, with its water communication, and as the key to the Black Hills and the great Sioux country soon to be opened up to set­ tlers, Pie/re, in my opinion, is destined to be the metropolis of Dakota--the City of the new Northwest, King Cotton i Cane. It is estimated by a Southern news­ paper that the people of the South lost in the war only about one-fourth as much as they have lost since the war by speculation in cotton. The Fame paper declares that ootton is a curse to the South. This sounds strangely in a land w ere it was proclaimed twenty years ago that ootton was king on this continent , A GENTLEMAN residing near Clinton, Iowtt, and who li:«s a puck of s«ven splendid hounds, has fifty-three timos this season entered upon a chase of the fox, and has succeeding in running down and capturing to date exactly that number of the animals. THE last, best fruit which oomes to late perfection, even in the kindliest soul, is tenderness toward the hard, forl>ear Alice toward the un fori tearing, warmth of heart toward the cold, phil­ anthropy toward the misanthropic.-- Sterne. i A 13-YKAB-OLP girl living on B^you Te rebonne, eighteen miles from Houm.i, Li., lists a light brown beard two inches Jong and very heavy, except upon the upper lip. WlltaCM <V(MU Ike Hlwinlal Bayitt «f fka 8operlateadmt of Fubilo IIMII HI tliw> The biennial report of the Hon. James P. Slade, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, oon'ains some interesting statistics in regard to the condition ttud progress of the public schools of Illinois, whioh has been com­ piled from the reports of the County Snperintenden s of Schools. The fi­ nancial statement shows that the total rece pts from all sources amounted to $10,537,290.38. Thi includes the bal- anoe of $2,417,429.62 which remained on hand June 30, 1881, and the receipts from taxes and other sources. The ag­ gregate amount paid for salaries of teach rs, new school-houses and other sources was $8,043,340.61, showing a balance in the hands of the Treasurer of School Boards aggregating $2,404,166.09. In addition to the amount expended by the Sohool Boards the sum of $74,841.38 was paid to County School Superintendents for sal­ aries, so that the total amount expended for sohool purposes in this State last year was $8,118,271.94. One of the most satisfactory showings is the condi­ tion of the permanent school fund of the various di tricts. This fund is raised by the sale of every sixteenth section of Government land in Illinois, and as it began »s soon as the State waa admitted to the Union it now aggregates the magnificent sum of $8,018,986.31. This fund has been increasing from year to year, and as only the inooine from it can be used it is a constant source of revenue for the schools. Nearly the entire amount has been invested in a satisfactory manner, largely in real estate. The increase in value of the investments in real estate last year amounted to $6,204.41, and the total in- oome from the fund was $536,456 55. The following tables explain them­ selves : CKXSUS OR MDJOB8. Number of males under 31 years of Sfn.. TT3,A80 Number of females under 21 yean of W r5,MS Total l,r.2»^M CKNSTRN OF PKBSONS or SCHOOL IOI Number of males between the age* of t ^aand a SM,MI Number of females between the agas of su,io$ Tot*l l,b37,5CT SCHOOL DISTRICTS. Ntimber of district* having no achooki n tin iiber tff district* having aohoot lass than 110 (Isyit. jjj Number of districts havin* wiiVoi ite days or more mro Total..... ESCBOOUL umber of graded schools in tnwnshte amber of ungraded acboola in towm- ship Total wowras or scnooia. v Numbor of months graded schools were in sen*ion 9,436 Number of months ungTadt-d s.hools were in session 75,WT Total Avemge number of months aoboola were in session ENROLLMENT. Number of m<tlo pupl.s enrolled in graded schools Number of female pupils enrolled in graded schoois Number of male pupila enrolled in un­ graded school* Number ot female pupils euro lied ia ungraded aohuola. Total. TEACHERS. Number of male teachers employed in grnded schools Nuniiter of female teachers employed In gr ded schools Numi or of male teachers employed in uiiciade I schools Number of female teachers employed in ungraded schools Total MONTHS TAUGHT. Number rf m> n lis tauvht by male • teachers in graded schools Number < f months taught by female lesclirrs in graded schools Nnm er of months tan ht by male teacher* in ngraded sctp»r la. Number of months taught by female leacnern in ungraded 8J.413 7.1# 144,7W 14,831 31*.954 198,8(7 713,431 i,in 4,381 4,944 9,an 6,783 37,*4 34,210 41.r a Total Hi,«a4 DAW ATTENDANCE. Days attendance in graded -Tils...49 Days* attendance in ungraded schools.. 81, '.i.vi.oio Total .67,872,76!) Number of high schools. - 14j SCHOOL HOUSES. •Number of stone school -houses... , all Number of brick K-liool-house*......... 1,'JOS Number of frame soliool-houaes.. 10,IMI Number of log school-houses..«.. SM Total Number of school-booses built daring tile year LIBRARIES. Knmlier of districts liaviug school 11- braries NitiuIter of volumes bought for school libraries dufliiit 1110 year Number of volumes in school libraries. PRIVATE SCHOOLS. Number of private t-clioo s in town*hip Number ot male pupils in psivafc) schools Number of female pupils In private schools 11,014 399 R.2KI •9,978 1,008 83,614 84,766 Total 67,380 Nuxnbsr of oils teachers la private schools 688 Number of female teachers in prtrate schools 1,091 Total 1,789 SCHOOL LASnS. Number of acres < f 10.h ^e tion ^•old during the year ' Nr.mlj>er of acres of 16, h section lands sUllnnsoIJ 8^13 TEACHEK8' WAGKS. Following is a statement of the wages paid to teachers in the public schools of Illinois, as well as of the value of school property. Highest monthly wages paid any male tcncher f 250.00 Highest monthly wages paid any fe­ male teacher 130.00 Lowest monthly wages paid any malt t<-ac!ier 13.'0 Lowest monthly wages paid any rnal" tescher i. 10.00 Amount earned bymale teachers dur­ ing t iic year 3,013,606.99 Amount et ned by female tescbers t.uring the year iyRT,163.89 Average monthly wages paid mats > tescliers , 46 86 Average monthly wages paid femaj& teachers k. • 8T.76 Amount of district tax levy for all school purposes made Aug., 1-81.. 6,011,321.98 Estimated v due of school property. 17,712,73 •. O Estimated value f school libraries. 89,<">03.00 Estimated value of school apparatus. 198,543.'* > Amount of bonded school debt 8,496,3.5.38 Net proceeds of sale* ot' lCth section d ming the year 3»D&!4 STATE FINANCES* fc'i The Biennial Bapwrt of Treawirw Sato. From the biennial report of Edward Bute, State Treasurer, covering the fi*- oal -years oommencing Oot. 1, 1880, and ending Sept. 30, 1882, the follow­ ing statements are taken: The amount of all funds in the State treasury Oct. 1, 188 •, was as follows: General revenue fund..$l,43-'1,611.76 ' t-tato school f ad 3ir>,»02.2J liimo s ventral ran- road f und lOVWMl Vilita-y fund « 17,9j7.31 Delinquent land tax • Hind 831.06 Unknown and minor heirs' fund 7,4*1.47 , . Lor-ai bond f'mds 49 V'I The leceiits f om all sonrrcs from <^et. 1. is 0. to Se'-t. 1S81, in lnsivc. were as follows: General re cnue f nd..f>l, ,2 '/W. '3 T t-'tate school fund-- .. 2^8.46 >y~iri Illinois Centrsl rail- toad fund ;.... •VJ.lMl'V*- i "S- Milita y fund 143, «>2. 1 Unkno n and minor hei-s'f nd. 1 3 3.S9 Ijocal bond fund. 2,39:,Ol4.6»-- 10,04",3 .̂97 Total The (lisbu'sem ntn from Oct 1, IS#', t > Kept » , 1882, inoluaiv* road fund 400M2.89 ' ifffflP Mattery fund ufe&is PWw • Unknown and minor heirs'fnnd ̂ 8'4.40 LoaU bpnd fund....... 2,393,*<uc-f A.7*r,S'l.«T Balance of all funds in State gen -rat r» veane ftind..$2.,m, >i \*j State scho 1 fnnd 1-V14.6J Military fond 4S.SM.M - LtetiiMuent land tan fund 831.06 » ' 4 Unknown and minnx beirs' fnnd ttl n * " XSS bondfumH, .. -WS HmjmM STAT-; B HMD DEBT. Tbeprtact|Maaf the banded debt aC the Mate sststsnilsi Get. L. JML was... ......281,069.11 Amount raid from Oct t, 1689, to i^en . 80,1683, ine^ushre 357,439 u Bended debt of the mate Oot. 1, 1882 .% 23,600.00 The bonds called in by Governor's proelamation whioh have ceased to draw interest, but have not yet been sturrsndeted, are as follows: New Interna! improvement etock $ 4400.00 New internal improve ent Interest Stock, payable after 1877 4 qq One refunded stock iioud, payable after _1877 1.000.TO One old internal improvement bowl... 1,0 o <1 Thirteen canal boads. 13,!00.00 Tfttsi. ILLINOIS ROADS. •• A Mfovememt far Their Impmraacat [From the Chicago Daily Newal A Jheeting of Mayors and prominent citizens of Illinois was held at Spring­ field, on the 7th inst.f in the interest of permanent roads in the State. Mayor Harrison, of Chicago, was appointed Chairman and made a brief speech, in which he pointed out the neoessity for better roads. CoL J. W, Howard, ex- Gov. Bross, Abram Sherwood, of Champaign, L. T. Dickason, of Dan­ ville, and E. C. Lewis, of Ottawa, also made addresses urging the advisability of taking some decided action in this matter whioh so deeply affects the farm­ ing and other interests of the State. Col. Howard showed that millions of dollars had been expended since the adoption of the constitution of 1848, and that for all this money less than a score o' permanent roads in the entire State, outside of the cities, could l>e shown. There was a general complaint against the present, cumbrous Road law,as well as the vast amount of machinery necessary for its enforcement, and the sentiment seemed to be unanimous that no practi­ cal relief could lie obtained under it. It was apparent, however, that serious difficulties would be met at every step, for the wants and necessities of various sections were almost as diversified as the number of counties. Ex-Represen­ tative McAdams, of Quincy, was in favor of a law providing for the con­ struction of gravel roads, but in aTis^wr to this it was shown that it would be next to impossible to make gravel roada upon the rich soil of Central Illinois. There was, however, a general senti­ ment in favor of systematic draining. Charles Ridgely and others said that the railroads would carry the material for this road improvement almost free of cost. Representative Haines advo­ cated the passage of a law ena­ bling the townships fo raise the money for making roads by issuing bonds to run for a long series of years at a low rate of interest. Mayor Harrison thought snch a law would not provide for the needs of the counties and townships that already have a bonded indebtedness reaching the constitutional limit. Representative Litth r made the same objection, an 1 Baid that fully one-fourth of the towns and counties of the State ware in that condition. !He advocated a law t-imilar to that in Ohio, which assesses the property benefited by the improvements in the Bissssr th»t assessments were made to pave the streets of ihe cities of Illinois. A letter from J. M. Osborne, of Toledo, Ohio, Oeuwsl Traffic Manager of the Wabash system, showing the feasibility of constructing a road of iron plates twelve inches wide, paved between with wooden blocks, was read. The cost of such a road would be $4,000 per mile, just one- half what a large portion of the Ohio roads cost. One of these roads on each section line would cost the township $154,000, or $5.40 per acre. Mr. Os­ borne thonght bonds should be issued to pay for the construction, and showed that the saving of time would be worth more than the cost of the road. After further discussion resolutions were adopted providing for the formation of of a permanent Roads Association, in which all interested in the matter are members. Mayor Harrison was made Sermanent President, and Maj. £. A. louthe, of Springfield, Secretary. An Executive Committee of fifteen, of which ex-Gov. Bross is Chairman, was appointed. After adjournment the Ex­ ecutive Committee held a meeting and appointed a committee of seven to frame a law for submission to the Gen­ eral Assembly. This committee in turn appointed a sub-committee, comjtosed of Ex-Gov. BIOKS, of Chicago, Mavor Crook, of Springfield, and Mr. McDon­ ald, of Mount Sterling, to make a draft of the bill. Fish Culture In Illinois. He following items are taken from the report of the Fish Commissioners to the Governor; "The Commissioners have taken from low sloughs and wholes, levee pits, etc., along the Mississippi rive abont 50,- *)00,000 small fish. Of these they dis­ tributed to streams throughout the State 1,225 000, distributing only game fish, such as bass of all varieties, crop­ pies, pcrch, wall-eyed pike, and pick­ erel. In November and December, 1881, the commission distributed 2,000 carp to applicants in lots of ten each. The fish of that distribution are now eighteen inches long, and weigh from one and a half to three pounds. Dur­ ing the month of November, 1882,11,000 carp, in lots of twenty to each appli­ cant, were distribute J. The owners of dams throughout the State h ve = een notified that the laws regaiding fish ways over dams must be complied with. A number have begun putting the ways in, and several suits have b«-eu brought against owners fading to comply with the law. Increased interest in the mat­ ter by the people ge -.eraUy, with iren erous aid by the railroads, has enabled the commi-sion to proseonte its work to much better advantage than in former years. The commi sion expects anoth er lot of carp from t e national ponde for distribution soon." THET say that an expert can tell tha time of day by the movements of an alii 'at.>r as wt 11 as a watch. This U joyous news. An all gfitor ss s easier to carry al»ont than a w.itch. HORSF-FLESH IS de cril>ed as tasting very much like stcoad rata IK-or. •U - ".*4; J • *•<#'•••• , - / • t i -lb':- iW*?' .* » 0 *: M i v.- I' '"I • <! J fty BOIITEWIU composite population on globe, and in later timon Groat has occupied the foremost rank fe^tiiil respect, but our last cennt dwm frflf -Hi probably no country ever in the history * of the world had so strangely a compos* "i ite' population as our own. The eoloredl ̂ % *nd foreign bora are aboa* Mpftt it,... number, each portion numbering erveff 6.000,000. These fignres a** mimilil misleading, as vhile the children of mil 'f ored parents are classified M aeP**--* ; :*-v those of foreign-born parents are 1 ified as native white. The full ̂ of the foreign element can thgi'tfoworfy be ascertained by considering pap rentage of these born in thia epnnigfW The returns of parentage from the een* sus of 1880 have not been publishodji but assuming the percentage to bo th* same as in 1870, the whole population of our country, 50,155,783, may be thus divided: American white, 30, 453*6461% fore>gn born, 6,679,954; both parenfefr- foreign born, 5,001,139; one parent for* s eign, 1,388,604; eolored, 6£33£49P Of the foreign-born population 2.772,10$. came from Great Britain and Ireland -̂ and 717,064 from British America, mak^ ! ing 3,489,253 from the British domm^*"* ? ions. The greater portion of thea# : - $ were undoubtedly from the Bri islands, though not a few were immigrants who had reached us by . route. Germany has 1,996,742 nati in this country, while the number 0$ Irish nativity is less, being only 674. Sweden ranks next, as the birth* place of 194,337 inhabitants of th# United States; then Norway, 181,720* ohildren in this country; then Franc* with 106.971, and then China with 1U4," 641. Switzerland Tanks next, with 88* 621; then Bohemia, with 85,361, an« then rather euriouslv, Mexico with 68£. 399. Denmark has contributed 64,19flL Holland 68,090, Poland 48,557, Italy 44,230, Austria ,̂663, and Russia 35,» 722. Hardly a country can be namaf but has contributed to our population* Gibraltar has sent ns 129, Malta 306, Jar pan 401, and 129 have come to us Greenland. Counting in our colo: __ population, nearly one-half of our peo^ pie helped to bring about this unprw-* cedented mixture of races, a mixta*#-* which is a prophecy of our proaparttj^ I and greatness as a people. The AngLfe* s j' - Saxon, however, predominates, an4T largely, too, making ns another and 4 " , . * New England. The white natives andT the immigrants from Germany and * Great Britain make up 83 per cent. o#v r l our whole population, leaving but 4 peft cent, from other countries, and white races of other types, and 19 pet . cent, for those of African descent. Probably no other country on the fiwii* of the globe can BIIOW such a divevaityi ̂ and, at the same time, such a substantial ^ Q unity of races and descent of pnpikt 1 w' tiun.--Boxtnn Traveler. v riSiwl| The End or the WarM. The age of the world is plaeed bjr ,̂- : some at five hundred millions of year**;, 4 and still others, of later time, amon(| . them the Duke of Argyll, places it ajf * ten million years, knowing what pr# cesses it has gone through. Othe# * planets go through the same peoeesfc > •« The reason that other planets differ , ,< much from the earth is that theyTare a much earlier or later stage of exr ^ ' istence. ^ ̂ . The earth must l»ecome old. Newtoar ' surmised, although he could give n6 • reason for it, that the earth would i# • one time lose all its water and beeom». .-v. dry. Since then it has been found thai Newtou was correct. As the earth keeps cooling, it will become porous an<|; cavities will be formed in the interior, 1! • which will take in the water. It is ed^*2 timated that this process is now in prog* ress, so far that the water diminishes ; the rate of sl»ont the thickness of " sheet of writing paper each year. At this rate in 6,000,000 years th^' Wftter vrill linre ewtk • mile, and ift 15,000,000 years the water will have di»* appered from the face of the glob*. ; The nitrogen and oxygen in the atmos?^ phere are also diminishing all the time. It is in an inappreciable degree, but th# time will come when the air w ill be sir' thin that no creatures we know cam breathe it and live; the time will coma when the world cannot support lifi That will be the period of old age, an< then will come death.--JPrqf. E. Proc'or. . ̂ The Case *r Wkito. " This paper remarked one dw White was drunk. Instead of rushing down here to annihilate some one, ha waited three long days to let his temper cool, and then climbed the stairs one all a time, took it easy along the hall, an£ entered the editoifftl rooms with a J** nign expression of countenance. Whet asked if he wunted an agricultural ex^ change, or had an item to leave, hi calmly replied: " " You stated the other day that I waa drunk." T "Yes, air." " I have called to satisfaction." "Certainly." ... .4 " I propose to maul some one to pul̂ and grease my boots with the pulp." " Correct, sir." " In fact, to clean out the raaoh." " Just so." "But not now--not until spring* Along about April next yon may look for me, and when I come you had better ho prepared to die! Good-day, air!" " Good-day." Now, how much baiter that was than to come rushing in with a pistol or club, mussing up the rooms and dis­ turbing the routine of the office! It is a favor we highly appreciate, and every one of the staff will try and live until spring in order that Mr. White may not be disappointed whan ha calls on uui- DCSS.--M. Quad. _____ EdacsUoa ia My. Among other statistioa. The Riforwia publishes the following in relation to the number of persons in Italy ignorant of reading and writing: In 220 of tha principal Italian communes, with a total of 4,030,368 inhabitants, being 2,322,251 males and 2,273.966 females, only 1,197,783 males and 937,547 fe­ males, from the age of 7 years upward, knew how to read and write or only read. The proportion of ignorant per­ sons is for every 100--41.11 males and 52.99 females. The gratest progress ia elementary knowledge is made in Milan and Turin. In the former city, during last year, the number of ignorant per­ sons was reduced to 19.65 per cent., and in Turin to 14.87 per cent. In some provincial capitals the number of per* sons ignorant of reading and writing amounts to 80 per cent. At Barl them is even a retrogade movement, for a 1871 the proportion of ignoraut persona was per cent., whereas at the «wi of last year it had risen to 71.97 per cent. The ad^vantages of the lawsW compulsory instruction, lieiug badly ap* plied, arc very scanty. "II ... •j,- .