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* „ ..... GOTERHOR OF ILLllfOIRi TO THE LEGISLATURE . JANUABT 5, 1888. •Mmii crease in our population and our re­ sources; nor can the pecuniary burdens *Woh rest upon the people be dimin­ ished by any refusal or failure upon the part of the Legislature to provide m a humane and liberal spirit for the proper care of thoee rfUoted with Insanity, idiocy, deafnees; or blindness, (hi the contrary, I believe that any evasion of our responsibili ties in this regard will, in the eno, add tc the lend which we have to carry, whether add to .;r *< • OwmMMWK or ram Snua m Hoon or ATTYSS: Ton are assembled as a irdinate branch of the State Govern- ent, to enact such laws as you may deem for the public welfare, and to aid n the administration of public affairs. You Hjaome directly from the people, fully advised |bf their needs and wishes, their chosen %gents to carry out their will under the lim- ^ ftafcious and restrictions of the fundamental aw. The people of our State have reason to be grateful to Almighty God that the vear now V»ast has been remarkable for good health, ithat they have been blessed with abundant f rops, and th$t, as a consequence, general rosperity prevails. The State and nation uve been free from serious linancial troubles for many years past Wise legisla­ tion by Congress, with an economical admin- titration of public affairs, seem to be all that IE necessary to insure permanent prosperity. It. has been my good fortune, as tbe chief -(executive officer of this Htate now for six : .3 ears, to receive the most cheerful co-opera- ffcion of each of the other departments of the tState Government in the performance of mv •official duties. The obligations placed upon * *>ach department by the constitution and -;3fche laws have ]$en fulfilled with a high sense &jjof the trust reposed, and with an unwaver- j»iing reliance upon the intelligence and right judgmcpt of the people. l The volume and importance of your duties t with every biennial term, and tlie .-'^necessary routine labor involved in the pre- •v-'.- .' ̂ paration and consideration of the.measures providing for the maintenance and support of all departments of the State Government .and the State institutions calls for the exer­ cise of patient industry and faithful applica­ tion. * We have now used the financial system of our present constitution more than ten years. The absence of the standing appro- nations increases the labors and lengthens he sessioiiB of the Legislature, but for this we are fully compensated in the strict ac­ countability and economical administration which have' characterized onr State Govern­ ment The growth of the State in population; •the necessary complexity of an older social I organization, and the well-ascertained tact I t that the dependent classes show a more 1 l>J rapid increase than does the popu- I l i gation as a whole -- all tend to make f | 1 the aggregate expenditures of the Htate I O: larger year by year. The extraordinary-ex­ pense involved in the construction or en­ largement of 'public buildings and State institutions varies with the amount of such work done; but all construction and en­ largement which provide for increased accommodation*, aud to the fixed cost of maintenance. The following statement will nerve to give you a clear idea of the cost of the State Government in all its departments --executive, legislative and Judicial--and of the Htate institution*--educational, charit­ able and penal--since the adoption of the present constitution. Thei-e aggregates in- ^tslude every d'sbmremeut except for public « ; xchoola, payment of Htate debt and the 1#<I Wmilitarv fluid: . / tivFroai Dec. I, 1«70, to Doc. 1, 1873 f4.tCW.nTH R4 f From 1-ec. 1. 1872. to i>ec, K 187* 4,198,061 02 From Dec. 1, 18 4. to Oct. i, 1876 (twenty-two months! 2,8 v,319.31 From Oct. 1. ls7B, to Oct 1, l«8 *•* From Oct. 1, 1878, 'o Oct. 1,18no." 3.4(»J.v 4.27 From Oct. 1, l-H , to Oct 1 l»tt ».#7.!,4M. 12 V. , EXPENSES OF STATE OOVEKNMENT. . The receipts and disbursemehts at the State treasury, omitting local bond fund and other trust funds, for the two fiscal years ending Oct 1, 18fcW, have been as follows: <• 'ih re was in the State* treasury Oct 1, 13*), deducting all outstand­ ing warrants $1,401,827.42 . 8tai, -fchrol fund 3lft,«4l 81 Military fun t 13,10S.0& . Illinois Central railroad fund .•• l!)8,ooi.oi . --UJ8V.77S.89 Th^ receipts for the two vplirn pnrfing ^ 1882, liave be n: T--===== •General revenue f nnd-- - Taxes, $1,14^,8.2.4'J; 11- 1 Mtioi Central ralir ad, , . $774,815 !»2; fre< of Stato otfic is, $iii) 880. 2; mis- eellan>.ous, $8,930.37 $5,:9Mt»\7fl i State school fund 2,082.29H.4fl | Military fund 143,12.9a , : T.0M,161.09 we will or not The situation and needs of the several inattentions are set forth in detail, and with sufficient fullness and precision, in their own reports, and in that of the State Commissioner of Public Charities, to which I refer yon for information. The publication of the results reached in the tenth oensos reveals an astounding in­ crease in the nnmlier of unfortunates in this State, as in the country at large It may be said that no former enumeration of- the afflicted classes has been so complete, and that the increase referred to is more ap­ parent than real. However this may be. the numbers reported in Illinois in 1870 and in 1880, respectively, are as follows: 1870. IWD Tnrane l,«38 9,1 * Idiots^...,.. 1,244 4 170 DeaMnute8......«..i,:i,.^U...« K« % Blind. ,.....l»®*3 3 615 Total. . .{ ... 4,741" 14,121 Of course not all of these are subjects of public care. For the deaf and blind, all that the State undertakes to do is to educate such as are of school age. With respect to the deaf, the Superintendent of the institu­ tion for the education of the deaf and dumb reports that there are as many deaf mutes of school ago within the State who have never been at any school designed especially for their benefit as there are pupils present, .in the institution at Jacksonville. 'Of the 5,000 insane reported, no more than aljout ~.<XK> are provided tor in the State institu­ tions. How many of those not provided for require special care and custody, I am unable to' say; but the number of "insane men and women iu county almshouses is very great! and constantly increasing; and in several of the larger counties the question what to do with them is a very important and pressing one The necessity for at tention to this subject, on the part of the Legislature, arises from the fact that many insane persons require to be deprived of their personal freedom, either for their own protection or lor the safety and peace of the communities iu which they reside, and that the Legislature alone can prescribe the methods and conditions of their confine­ ment The Thirty-second General Assembly cre­ ated a joint commission of the Legislature to consider the whole subject of the condi­ tion and needs of the insane of Illinois, and tbe report of that commission will be pre sented to you through the presiding officers of the Senate and House of Representatives. This subject must of necessity occupy much of your time and thought at the present session, and I have no doubt after due de­ liberation you will arrive, at wise conclusions as to all the points which may be presented for your consideration. I am impressed with the evi dences of success in the ex periment at. Kankakee, so far as it has vet been carried, and strongly favor the en­ largement of that hospital. I am anxious to see, at as eatly a day as niav be practicable, a complete separation of the convict from the non-convict insane, and a special institu­ tion for the former, to be connected with one of our present penitentiaries, or of our hospitals for the insane, as the Legislature may, in its wisdom, determine. KSTTMATES. In pursuance of the requirements of the constitution, I present -the following esti­ mates of the amounts required to be raised by taxation for all purposes for the next two years: 4 FOR OENERAL STATE rUHPOSBB. Expenses of the severs! depart- . ment^ not enumerated below : Legislative J.....$272,000 • Execu ive..•» < .ouo 3 udiciH 1.. I... 571,000 $1,393,000 Ordinary expenses, repairs, improve­ ments and construction of State char­ itable institutiona 1,760, COO Expenses of univcrsiti- * 145 0W Expenses and consLruc. ion of j risons.. . 2.5,000 Cai.al contingcn fund CO,0(H) For couvevina convicts, arresting luei- tives. nnd for tlie transfer ot i- s ne patio ;ts Printing, binding, stationery and pxper for ti cnu: al Assembly and executive departments 98,000 110.0C0 $ 1,681,000 2,i ,00^ Total $9,451,956.97 The disbursements tor the two year- ending Oct. 1, lS1-^ have l^en: General revenue f ndand Illinois Central r .il oad fund - On acc >nut.of tne State debt, $26 ,W> *..X8; revmue fund, $1,681,- 3i«t.6 $3,tt7,324.a» . State school fund 2,132,1 64 Military fund 138, 31 88 $6,218,^81.91 The balance in the State treasury Oct; 1,188.'. de­ duct ng all warrants outstanding, wa>;; General revenue fund.... Ststescho l fuad .... £07,01 >64 Ullitary fund... 17,566.03 , Total balance.....,... 06 There is a considerable balance of general revenue fund in excess of what will be needed to pav existing appropriations, some of which will be available to reduce the - amount to be raised on the levy ot 1SS3 , • for general revenue purposes. The amount of that balance can not be accurately stated until you reach the time for the preparation of the levy bill. The accumulation of this fund is due to several causes. First, the number of large appropriations which have not been expend­ ed, but which were necessariIv included in the sum which had to be provided. Promi­ nent among these arc the canal contingent fund, $tS0,ux>, and the appropriation for the . payment of the State debt, The largest balance unused, and which will lapse, is in the appropriation for payment of * officers and members of this General Assein- bly and salaries of the officers of the State Government It was estimated by the Thirty-second General Assembly that these expenses would reach .*'.»(*),(xio, and that ftuin was appropriated; but because of the deticiencv appropriation passed by that General Assembly of $200,000 for the same purpose, a very considerable balance of the ' appropriation of $!»00,Ui0 will remain un­ used Of smaller balances of appropriations which will not be used, there is a large num­ ber. While thus the amounts expended have fallen so considerably within the appropria­ tions, the income Lias exceeded tlie esti­ mates. The people are prosperous, and taxes have been collected closely, and the amendments to the revenue laws have as­ sisted to this end The Illinois Central rail­ road fond, which was estimated at $750,000, realized about $<75,000, and the miscellane­ ous receipts show an increase. There will be some cases where existing appropriations will be exhausted before the regular appropriations of this session will be available, for which you will be called upon to provide by deficiency appropriation. The amount for the payment of the principal of State debt need not be re- appropriated The amount unpaid is $£5,600, * which has lteen due from five to twelve ' years, and the presumption is strong that its evidences are lost or destroyed If any por­ tion of it should come iu it can be presented to the Commission of Claims. Under the lie venue law of 1853 certain de­ linquent taxes on lands were paid at the State treasury, and the law directed what disposition should be made of the same. This provision was iu force only one vear, and tne delinquent laud tax collected there­ under has all been distributed excep- $5ol.0fi. It is now twenty years since any payments have been made' out of this fund, and a careful examination shows that no < legal or equitable claim exists against it I therefore recommend that you provide by ^law that the amount of <•»'>, now in the ' * State treasury to the credit of the delin­ quent tax fund, be transferred to the gen­ eral revenue fund , CHARITABLE INSTTTL'TIONH. The charitable institutions of the State continue to demand your care and merit your support I am confident that our system of public charities, in respect both of efficiency and of economy of administration, " ' ' «an safely challenge comparison with that of any other State in the Union You have a right, and it is vour duty, as representa- , tives of the people, to feel* in it a just and honest pride. That it costs a vast sum of money year by year, to maintain, enlarge and improve our charitable institutions Ls beyond dispute, but they do not grow faster 1 than is necessary to meet the demands made ^ipontbin. nor out of proportion to the in- Tot d ..TAT® ov.nvnJi. One miUit n dol ars per annum FOR M1L1TABY PURPOSES. Iwrnty-flvc thousand dollars |>cr an­ num lfiO.OCO From this aggregate may be deducted the payments of the Illinois Central railroad to the general revenue fund, estimated for the next two years at $SOO,000, and the available surplus of general revenue fund, remaining after jiayment of existing appropriations, and after the payment of all appropriations YOU may make chargeable k> the levy of iu excess of the $1,.000,000 which that levy is estimated to yield. REPORTS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. I transmit herewith the biennial reports of the Secretary of State, the Auditor »>T Public Accounts, tlie State Treasurer,, tbe Attorney General and tbe Superintendent of Public Instruction, which will give yon full and ac­ curate information of Scats affairs in their several deportments. The recommendations yyhicli they make are well considered, and Should receive your careful attention. « ILLINOIS" AND MICHIGAN CANAL. !> The Thirty-fecond General Assembly, at its special session, passed an act submitting to a vote of the people a proposition for the transfer of the Illinois and Michigan canal to the United States on specified conditions. The people of the State voted upon the question at the general election in Novem­ ber last, and by a very decided hiajority voted to cede tlie canal to the National' Gov­ ernment upon the terms named in the act. I recommend that you pass a joint resolution instructing our Senators and requesting our Representatives in Congress to use all proper means to secure the acceptance of the Illinois and Michigan canal by the United States, and also to secure the coiistruction of the proposed canal from Hennepin to Rock Island. The enlargement of the Illinois and Michi­ gan canal, the completion of the Illinois liver improvement, and the .construction of a canal from the Illinois river to the Missis­ sippi river at Rock Island, all together con­ stitute one great work of a national char­ acter. connecting the two largest valleys and systems of water communication oh this continent The rapid growth in population and increased production of the teriitory on the west of the Upper Mississippi call' for this improvement, and the direct business interest of Illinois in the work is no more than that of the other Northwestern is rate H. The Atlantic coast and t he Lover Mississippi valley will bemutuallv benefited by thiscon- nccti'en and practical uniiieatien' for com­ mercial purposes of the great lakes with the great river. It is a work the advantages of which will IK; enjoyed alike by consumer and producer. The construction of a canal through this State large enough to carry the ordinary steam vessels of the lakes would lie as significant and important in its com­ mercial influence as the proposed canal across the Isthmus of Darien, and, as com­ pared to that work, the cost would be al­ most nothing. I am confident that if the proper steps are taken to place before the people of the country the advantages which will result from this improvement, and the cheapness and ease with which it can be accomplished, the enlightened public senti­ ment will demand that Congress provide for its completion. STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. At the time of the organization of the board of Health there were doubts in the minds of many good people as to its neces­ sity, and for a' time much prejudice against its"work. The doubts and prejudices, how­ ever, have gradually given way, and the Board has fearlessly and with prudence gone forward in the discharge of the work l>efore it, until I think there is now an almost uni­ versal conviction that its services in protect­ ing the people from contagious diseases and from the evils caused by ignorance and charlatanry in the practice of medicine, as well as the general sanitary work of the board, cannot be dispensed with. The act creating this board and conferring its powers would have proved a dead letter if not enforced, as they have been, by a competent and determined executive agency; and it will be a gratification to the "people of Illinois to know that in their enforcement the State Board of Health has exerted an influence which has been felt throughout the country in various ways, in the elevation of the standard of medical education, the suppression of fraud­ ulent medical colleges, and the introduction of improved methods of establishing and maintaining an effective quarantine against infectious diseases. Their services have done much to add to the reputation of our State at home and abroad The satisfactory operations of this board no doubt stimulated the movement which resulted in the creation, by the last General Assembly, of two other supervising boards-- the Board of Pharmacy and tbe Board of Dental Examiner*. Them are organized and at work, are not an expense to the State, and, I am aatUtod, are doing much good. RRBBRUm The reports of the CommlmionerB of the Joliet and Chester penitentiaries show the condition of the prteom and what they each need for tbe next two years. The prison at -Toilet has been nearer self-sustaining for the last two years than for some time before They ask again for an appropriation for current expenses, to be used in case of necessity. I recommend that such an ap­ propriation be continued, and that provision also be made for such improvement may be found aeooroary. The prison at Chester has made some con­ tracts for the employment of its inmates, and in the future its cost to the State for construction and maintenance will be ma­ terially reduced The report of the Com­ missioners of this prison gives a minute de­ tailed account of all the work done in con­ struction since the prison was established The appropriation for maintenance made by the last Legislature will be insufficient to meet the wants of the prison until July 1, and I recommend that a deficiency appro­ priation be made to enable the Commission­ ers to start upon the next two years out of debt and also such an appropriation for its maintenance and construction for the next two years as you may find necessary. EDUCATION. The reports of the Superintendent of Pub- lid Instruction, of the two Normal Uniyesi- ties and of the Illiuois Industrial University give veiy encouraging accounts of the con­ dition of our public schools and higher insti­ tutions of learning. The public-school Sys­ tem shows a marked growth and improve­ ment in everv department. The normal schools are full and should contiuue to re­ ceive such appropriations as will enable them to maintain tneir usefulness. The Illinois Industrial University is per­ forming the work for which it was estab­ lished--giving instruction in agriculture and the mechanic arts, without neglecting other scion vine and literary branches which constitute a necessary port of a liberal edu­ cation. The State has here laid the founda­ tion of the people's university, and the char­ acter of the school and its" constantly in­ creasing usefulness give it special claim's for liberal support The university depends chieliv upon its endowment fund for the payment of the salaries of its officers and teachers'. This fund is nearly all invested iu county bonds, and for a few years past, as these investments fall due and the funds are reinvested, the rate of interest has been greatly reduced, until the income there­ from has become entirely inadequate for the support of the school. This fund, which in 1870 gave an income of 8^,54.l..r* , yielded in 1 tv\.' 8 i and in I8)v! the in­ come will amount to only $1.\7^1. Apart of the endowment fund Ivas put in lands in Nebraska and Minnesota, and the Board of Trustees has had under consideration the question of,sel!ing some portion for the pur­ pose of increasing their income by the in­ vestment of the proceeds; but they have reached the conclusion, in which I fully con­ cur, that while the lauds eontinue to increase in value as they are nnw doing, by reason of the settlement'of the districts in which they are located, and the building of railroads to develop them, it is not a wise policy to seil them. Iu order, therefore, to maintain and carry on the institution and keep it worthy Of our great commonwealth as an Illinois university, it will be necessary to increase the appropriation for current expenses for instruction in the several departments. Provision should be made for the Illinois Suite Historical Library and Natural History Museum; and also for the State Laboratory of Natural History. Tbe held work of the State laboratory* and its investigations of the food of birds and fishes have been prose cuted with marked success under the appropriation made by tlie last General As­ sembly. , AGRICULTURE ASP OTHER INDUSTRIAL INTER , ESTa You will receive the reports of several de­ partments and boards supported in whole or m part by the State in aid of the great indus­ trial interests--the State Board of Agricult­ ure, the Commissioners of Labor, the State Fish Commissioners, the State Horticultural Society and the Slate Veterinarian. All of these departments should have appropria­ tions for the continuance of their work. Agriculture is now and always will be the chief industrial and productive interest of Illinois--the foundation of our material prosperity. The State Board of Agriculture, representing this interest, has a most, im­ portant field of duty. The increased pro­ duction of many crops and the great im- provement in the breed of domestic animals llUVI'Tjixa uuv to the eii Olifl Ol this board, and no department of the State Gov­ ernment can«how more substantial returns- for the money expended. The dairy interest has for years been rap­ idly growing, and has reached such vast pro­ portions iu our State as to be entitled to consideration as an important branch of ag­ riculture. It has never been specially rec­ ognized by the Legislature. The State Dairy­ men's Association, which holds annual meet­ ings and is the recognised representative of this industry, asks for the sum of f.MK> per annum from tbe State in aid of their associa­ tion for printing Ilieir reports and making experiments, and I recommend that such au appropriation be made. The State Fish Commissioners report that their work of stocking the waters of the State with food-fishes has been greatly re­ tarded by cons-taut and Migrant violations by fishermen of the laws regulating the use of seines. I call your attention to their sug­ gestions as to the necessity for amendments to the fish laws, and for provision for their better enforcement. In a former message 1 referred to the great necessity of devising some plan for the permanent improvement of our public roads. The disadvantages of bad roads in­ crease with our giowjug population and production. Iu some States, and where the material is at hand for building good roads at moderate expense, the plan of providing means for their construction by assessment upon contiguous benefited property has been very successful. Under our constitu­ tion the power to make local improvements in this way seems to be limited to the corporate authorities of cities, towns and villages. Under our present system large sums of money are annually expended upon the public roads with- little" or no per- mancnt improvement to show the for outlay, and the farmer, in carrying his product to market, has to contend v. ith the same muddy roads over which he traveled thirty Year's ago. I believe that the Legislature will act in response to a strongly-expressed public sentiment by giving this road question full consideration and discussion, with a view to the enactment of laws which will insure the building of better roads. RAILROADS. The Board of Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners have during the last two years revised the tariff for freight and pas­ sengers with a view to making it conform to the law of the State. This work is of such a nature that it can never have a perfect and final accomplishment. The changed condi­ tions of trade, the development of new branches of industry, and the teachings of experience and observation, will furnish grounds for further revision, which must be" made with full recognition of the rights and interests of all parties concerned. For de- , tails of this work of the board you are re­ ferred to their report, in which they are verv clearlv set forth. •The statistical part of their report is more complete, and increases in value every term For the intelligent discussion of questions affecting transjtortation they have become indispensable. , ILLINOIS NATIONAL OUABD. The report of the Adjutant General wfll give you a full and correct account of the condition of the National Guard, and will aid you in the consideration of measures to fur­ ther promote the efficiency of our militia system. * Your attention is especially invited to that portion relating to the necessity for the preservation of the banners and battle-flags which were carried by the volunteer soldiers of I linois in the late* war to maintain our national Union These priceless iiags--"me­ morials of the constancy of Illinois," and the highest evidences of the heroism and patriotism of her brave sons--should be preserved at whatever cost They and the quarter of a million brave men who carried them represent the life, the integrity of the Union. I respectfully request that you will give this subject your ear'y attention, and that you wili make such an appropriation w may be found necessary for the complete protection and preservation of these dags, which arc dear to everv* patriotic heart On the J 8th of October, lWi», in respon- o to a call of the Governor of Virginia, a meet­ ing of the Governors of several States was held iu Independence Hall, in the City of Philadelphia, for the purpose of inaugur­ ating a plan for a continental celebration in meinory of the victory won at Yorktown on the Itith of October, 1781, 1)y Wa-hingwui and the Continental army over Lord Corn- waliis, and which successfully ended the struggle of our fathers for national inde­ pendence. The movement thus began was recognized by Congress, and an appropriation made for building a monument on the battle ground, in pursuance of a resolution passed by the BUtes neatly • _ „ also for the ex- Mna»̂ iMp«aito» l|br a national oalebra- w» ott the oeateoaial anniversary at the •ictory. A rinnniihliiMi was organised to take charge of the wort*. The Governments of France and Genaanr were invited,.and both responded, wwrfh>g to this country reprewntativM who were descendants of the brave officers who had^given honorable and useful service under onr flasr The United States was represented "by the Presi­ dent and his Gmnet The States were all invited to taha port in the celebra­ tion. Some at the Safes made provision for defraying the expenses of a military force to represent them, others for the Governor and his staff. Believing that our State, which had borne so noble a part in preserving the Union in the last- war, should be represented at this national celebration, I accepted the invitation, and attended with my military staff. The old Commonwealth of Virginia, by her citizens and authorities, gave the guests from other States even- public atten­ tion. and the share which Illinois bore in the celebration was only a fitting recognition of the courtesy which prompted the invitation I paid a portion of the traveling expenses of the party out of the conungent fund at the disposal of the Governor. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. I recommend the amendment of section 16 of article 5 of the constitution in such a manner that the veto power of the Govern­ or shall be enlarged with reference to ap­ propriation bills, giving tlie power of partial veto by items or sections iu all bills making appropriations embracing distinct items. This provision lia« been inserted in the con­ stitutions! of a large number of States, and the President of the United States has lately suggested to Congress its adoption as an amendment to the Federal constitution. The Mayors bill, passed by the twenty- ninth General Assembly in 1S5, gives the power of partial veto to theMavors of cities. Expcricnce has shown that this is a bene- lioiai measure, and its insertion in the organic law of the Stair would facilitate legislation, without impairing its necessary safeguards, by enabling appropriation orig­ inating in one committee and for kindred objects to be grouped in one bill, without endanc-ering the whole, iu oaee anv portion should not receive 'tbe approval of the Executive. CRIMINAL CODE. I desire to press upon your special atten­ tion the importance of a'close examination of the criminal cede nnd the laws governing tbe practice of courts in criminal trials. I briefly presented my views in relation to the criminal code and tlie practice in criminal cases in ray message to the special session of I the Thirty-^second Genera! Assembly. I 1 then recommended the appointment of a I Revision Committee to examine and loyise the Code and Practice acts, who should report to the present General Assem­ bly. Such committee was appointed. As you are entering upon a regu­ lar session, which will unavoidably con­ tinue for sevei al months, 1 trust you "will bo able to give the subject, that coiusideratiou which it deserves, and nnike such amend­ ments to the code and the laws in relation to practice in criminal trials as your wisdom mav deem' best for the public safety. Tlie end of all municipal government should be the protection of human rights. Tlie masses of the people co-operate in all necessary measures for the organization aud perpetuation of the social fabi ie. Religion, education, the development of the moral sense and of the feeiing of moral obligation, are doing much to elevate and protect society. But there is a class who do not respect the rights of others. They are devoid of that fraternal feeling and moral sense which hold the elements of society to­ gether; thev engage in murder, robbery, burglary and other crimes. This class can . only, in'any degree, be deterred by the ex­ ample of pimisbment. Against such a class society can only be protected by the strong turn of law. Hie criminal class should be dealt with promptly, and punishment made certain. Punishment inflicted promptly and swiftly gives greater protection to society than extreme punish­ ment tardily and not certainly administered. When the guiltv go unpun­ ished the law has so forfaited of its purpose, and the safety of the innocent is endan­ gered. livery unpunished crime lessens public security. I am not in favor of a sys­ tem of laws wnlch would in any way abridge the right of every person charged with crime to a fair and impartial trial. But soci­ ety has a right to protect itself against law­ less scoundrels who disregard human and property rights, and to adopt whatever means may be necessary to secure such pro- vCstieE. It is the dutv of the 'w-siakisj power to give the law-abiding people more than au equal chaitqejpbh the law-breakers. Crimes are well defined in our criminal code, and the conduct and motives which constitute the various crimes are clearly described and classified The criminal practice is defective The law governing the qualification and manner of selecting jurors should, in my judgment, be amended Private enterprise selects its agents with reference to their capacity and fitness for the employments in which they are to en­ gage; and public affairs are conducted by officers or agents chosen on account of their supposed qualification for the duties im­ posed upon them; but the men who, by their verdicts, are to protect society by acquit­ ting the innocent and punishing the guilty, who decide upon the rights of iife, Liberty and pioperty, are not selected because of their peculiar qualifications for the difficult investigations of evidence, to draw reasonable conclusions, to weigh the probabilities and finally to reach the truth from conflicting testimony. Under our law the less a man knows aliout the particular case he is called upon to try, or anything else, the more certainly will he be accepted and the more completely he is fortified against being excused from serving. Our Jury law sets a premium on ignorance. No juror, otherwise competent, should be disqualified in a crimi­ nal investigation because of any opinion he may have formed or expressed, if he can say upon oath that such opinion will not influence his verdict, and that in making it he will consider only the evidence given from the wituess-stamL The names of men placed in the box from which the jurors are drawn should no: be placed there indiscrim­ inately, as they usually are. Only the names of persons deemed suitable should be select­ ed, and their terms of service should be for a longer period, and they tdiould be paid a s ufficient per diem to justify good ana quali­ fied men in serving. The law in relation to continuances and chunges of venue should be amended Un­ der tne law as it is, it is impossible to secure a prompt trial of a criminal if any effort is made to prevent it, and pumsnment be­ comes by deiay more uncertain, and tlie ex­ penses to the people arc frequently enor­ mous. I do not deem it necessary to discuss at length thoee provisions of the law governing criminal practice, or even to refer to many provisions which should be amended I prefer to content myself with calling your attention to the subject geneialiy, trusting that, after due consideration, you will make such wise amendments as will enable the courts, upon which the peojilerely for pro­ tection under the law, to mece out to crim­ inals sure, prompt aud merited punishment^ and thereby give greater security to the peace and welfare of society. I have sought to give you information of the condition of the State, with such recom­ mendations as have seemed to be necessary, with estimates of the amount of money to be raised for tlie next two years, as required by the constitution. The Executive will most zealously co-oper­ ate with the Legislative Department in all efforts to enhance the welfare of the people and give greater dignity to our Common­ wealth. 8. M. CUIXOH, Governor. EXECUTIVE OFFICE, Jan. a, L&sa. with hi* Ge t* the AN English medical journal does not agree with those who would do uw \j altogether with tobacco instead of making temperate use of it. The writer soys: " We live in times in which the custom is to denounce asdeb terious everything which happens to be pleas­ ant. Man could prot ably live wi hoi it tobacco, ^8 he formerly did without clothes; but the fact that l»oth those luxiiiif-8 are in the nature of com I oris should not necessarily epur ua into action against either of tli«ui. ARTISTS are fond of praising tlie "old masters" in oil. There are about a i dozen old masters in crude oil that w ill j find it to their advantage to keep a way from this city. Even a lamb will tarn when trampled on.--PiltxburgU Tele­ graph. ONE of the saddest phase of a great man's death is the poems that ate writ- tan about !»«•* THE citv of Portland. Me., IS to erect ft memorial statue ol Itougfeilow. iFrom tttQMDwa«l»e Sonl. "What was the doctor at your house for this morning ?" asked tne grocery- man. "Is yonr ma sick ?" "No, ma is worth two in the bush. It's pa that tun't well. He is having some trouble with his digestion. You see, he went to the exposition with me as a guide, and that is enough to rain any man's digestion. Pa is near-sighted, and he said he wanted me to go along and show him things. Well, I never had so much fun since pa felt out of the l>oat, First, I made him jump clear across the aisle, there where the stuffed tigers are, by the fur place. I told him the keeper was just coming along with some meat to feed the animals, and when they smelled the meat they just clawed things. He run against a "show­ case, and then wanted to go away. He said he traveled "with a circus when he was young, and no one knew the dan­ gers of fooling around wild animals better than he did. Well, you would a died to see pa there by the furniture place, where they have got beautiful beds and chairs. There was one blue chair under a glass case, all velvet, and a Bign was over it telling people to keep their hands off. Pa asked me what the sign was, and I told him it said ladies and gentlemen are requested to sit in the chairs and try them. Pa climbed over the railing and was jnst going to sit down on the glass showcase over the chair, when one of the walk around fellows with police hats took him by the collar and yanked him back over the railing, and was going to kick pa's pants. Pa was mad to have his coat collar pulled up over his head, and have the set of his coat spoiled, and he •was going to sass the man, when I told pa that the man was a lunatic from the asvlum, that was ou exhibition, and pa wanted to go away from there. He said he didn't know what they wanted to exhibit lunatics for. We went up­ stairs to t^e pancake bazar, where they broil pan oak es out of self-rising flour and put butter 'and sugar on them and give them away. Pa said he could eat more pancakes thau any man out of jail, and w anted me to get him some. I took a couple of pancakes and tore out a piece of the lining of my coat and put it between the pancakes and hand­ ed them to pa, with a paper around the pancakes. Pa didn't notice the paper uor the cloth, and it would have made you laugh to see him chew on them. I told him I guessed he didut have as good teeth as he used to, and he said, 'Never vou mind the teeth,' and he kept on until he swallow ed the whole busi­ ness, but he said he guessed he didn't want any more. But I thought I should split wlien pa wanted a drink of water. I asked him if he would druther have mineral water, and he said he guessed it would take the strongest kind of mineral water to wash'down them pan­ cakes, so I took him to where the fire extinguishers are and got him to take the nozzle of the extinguisher in his mouth, and I turned the faucet. I dou't think he got more than a quart of the stuff out of the saleratns machine down him, bnt he rared r ight up and said he'd be condainned if he believed that water was ever intended to drink, and he felt as though he should bust, anfl just then the man who' kicks the big organ struck up, and the building shook, and I gness pa thought he had busted. The most fun was when we came along to where the wax woman is. They have got s wo* woman dressed tip to,'kill, and she looks just as natural as if she could breatlre. 8he has a handkerchief in lier hand, and as we came along I told pa there was a lady that seemed to know him. Pa is on the mash hisself, and he looked . at her and smiled, and said good evening, and asked me who she was. I told him it looked to me like the girl that sings in the choir at our church, and pa said course it is, and he went right in where she was, and said,'Pretty good show, isn't it,' and pnt out his hand to shake hands with her, but the woman who tends the stand came along and thought pa was drunk, and said, 'Old gentleman, I guess vou had better get out of here. This is for ladies only.' Pa excused himself to tlie wax woman, aud said lie would see her later." The Secret of Popular Writing. In the other popular writers we have mentioned, we find the same swift move­ ment with the same brilliancy of de­ tail. It is this which makes Prof. Tyn* dall so effective a j)opnlarizer of sci­ ence, for instance. Mark the rapidity vitli which he narrates and the skill with which he selects his words sp as to produce a graphic conception of a minute phenomenon. In this very pa­ lter in -Longman*8 Magazine, what can be happier, for the purpose <jf stamp­ ing his meaning on his readers, than his use of the expression, "the wreck of molecule," for its chemical decom­ position by the action of light. It paints exactly what he desires to draw attention to, and paints it most vividly. In science detail is everything, and the very faculty which often spoils poe­ try and* the higher imaginative writing, discriminates link from link in the se­ quence of a scientific process. Mr. lluskin, again, though one of the most beautiful writers of our day, has gained his popularity greatly by the faults as w ell as by the beauties of his effects. His failing is not in the style, but in the eccentricities of his judgment itself, wliich often manages to distort and bring into undue prominence points which, startling as they are, are start­ ling by their faulty perspective, not by their truth of effect. And again* is it not Mr. James Pagn's fault as a novel- writer--a fault which practically adds enormously to his popularity--that he is too amusing, indulges in too much light comedy, and imparts the effect of a spurious qiquancy to his pictures of life ? Certainly that is Canon Farrar's fault as a religious writer. His rhetoric is far too fond of impressive contrasts or combinations; his style is sensation­ al ; and it is the sensationalism of his style that wins popularity for sermons often much more valuable in substance than they are in form, though it is the over-rhetorical term, and not the valu- ble substance which catches the public ear. The secret of all popular writing not also good writing is, we are con­ vinced, first, a power of rapid move­ ment, not to say rhapsody, which car- lien men on, and, next, a jiower of strik­ ing out sudden lights to startle and awaken them. Sometimes, as in scien­ tific exposition, ami, again, in the paint­ ing of really great historic scenes, these habits are consistent with true art; bnt even when they are not con­ sistent with true art, they are almost al > ays at the bottom of a great popu­ lar reputation.--London Spectator. tti< antvi and nev$g' durngth* is bad form to' absinthe after ctiiiner. Also sen* to dancing-school, compel him to a^ pie, and have him instructed in tl of walking in the English style. Then bang his hair, and put a pair of eye- plasses and a white plug hat on him, and you have your Indian as thoroughly civilized as it'the average whit£ man.-- PUCk. Stage Blunders of the Past̂ VA A short historical sketch of th# iWi- archrouisms of our stage costumes will serve best to show how slow but steady has been the progress of realism, natur­ al as it now seems, that actors should wear the correct dress of the time and place which the author has ulsed in the play he has given them to represent. In Shakspeare's day there was no at­ tempt to dress characters correctly. The Earl of Southampton, Raleigh, and such patrons, gave their court-suits to the players. Hamlet was enacted in the peascod doublet and bolstered hose of James the First's court; and the pretty pages or chorister-boys, who played Juliet and Imogene, played in large fardingales and white quilled ruffs. There was no more attention to cor­ rectness then than there is now in drawing-room charades. That great tragedian, Butterton, played Hamlet and Alexander the Great in the stiff square-cut dress of William of Orange, with tufts of ribbon on his shoulders and on his sword-hilt, knee-breeches and square-cut shoes. He pointed his periods with waves of his cocked hat and tossing of the huge powdered mane of his court wig. Over his manly breast streamed a broad steenkirk of Flemish lace; he not improbably took snuff and made a point of dropping his snuff-box when he saw his father's ghost. As for the stage murderer, he always scowled, from under a black Charles the Second wig. Quin played the gay lover in a heavy scarlet coat and waistcoat., black velvet breeches and long, lialf-powdered wig, flowing down upon his breast. Garriekt a scholarly man, and the friend of scholars, was no better. He dressed "Hamlet" in a black court suit and short bag-wig; he had ruffles oil hia wrists and buckles on his shoes. His cravat was of the time of William the Third, aud streamed over his chest. WTooilward, as the gay "Mercutio," was still more incorrigible. The rashness of tho delightful voung Veronese gal­ lant was indicated by a carelessly-tied cravat, and a three-cornered gold-laced hat, cocked gaily on one side. His waistcoat came down nearly to his knees, aud into ono of its profound pockets he thrust his hand when he be­ gan his arch description of Dreamland and Queen Mab. Another actor of the same period played "Charles I.," whose style of hair is so familiar to us, in a streaming full-bottomed flaxen wig oi Pope's time. Mrs. Crouch sang as one of the Witches in Macbeth, disdaining hump, ruddled wrinkles, tow hair, and brown paper nose, in a charming broad- brimmed fancy hat, her hair powdered, and her snowy bosom emerging from airv clouds of lace and muslin. Edmund Kean moved things a little. Daring and passionate in everything, he tried to be true in dress.' Ke it was who, discarded the traditition^l red wig (Judas color) of Shylock: he and Mac- ready turned Maebeth into the grim Highland chieftain, now so well known to us. Mr. Charles Kean, we believe, first introduced the earlier semi-Norse dress, which at once carries us back to the earlier times of Scottish history, and is correct enough for even the stern­ est critic. To Mr. Charles Kean, in­ deed insufficient as an actor in all but melodramas, we owe much. His adviser. Mr. George Scharf (an excellent anti­ quarian and no mean artist), with great research and the l>est taste, superintend­ ed his great historical revivals. It is unfair to say that in them Sliakspeare was buried under heaps of fine dresses and hidden away l>ehind scenery. It was not Mr. Kean's fault, but nature's, if the actor did not rise above dress and scenery. The Richard II. was admir­ able in costume aud very true to old il­ luminations. The long-toed Polish boots tied up with chains to the knee, the jagged fringed sleeves, the parti-co­ lored surcoats, were all as true as they were picturesque; equally true was the Henry VIII. and the Hamlet.-- Qui*. The Processes of Civilization. "How shall the American ravage be o'vilze-l?" is a que t;ou asked by a w .ter in the Atlantic Monthly. There Tried Her Own Remedy. A lady in this city overheard her nurse girl talking to tlie little cuild she was putting to sleep, and among other legends of the nursery in which sh» in­ dulged was this: "If you don't go right to sleep this very minute, a great big, awful black bear, with eyes like coals of fire, and sh rp, white, cruel teeth,"will come out from under the bed and e-a-t y-o-u a-1-1 u-p!" The poor little thing nestled down under the clothes nnd after a long sea­ son of terror fell asleep to dream frightful dreams of horrid bears eating her up. That night when the stolid nurse had composed herself in her own comforta­ ble bed and had put the light out there came a sudden rap at the door and the voice of the mistress called loudly through the panels : "Maggie! Maggie! for mercy's sake get up as quick as you can! There's a fearful burglar under your bed, and as soon as you get asleep he's coming out to rob and murder you!" At the word burglar the girl sprang screaming from the bed, tore open the door and fell in hysterics into the hall. The lesson was even more instructive than the mistress had designed, bnt wh°n the girl's fears were calmed she said to her: "You did not hesitate to tell my little delicate child, who could not possibly know that it was a lie, % cruel story of a bear under her bed; now, when I treat you to the same kind of a slumber story, you are nearly frightened to death. To-morrow you can go into the kitchen and work; yon are not fit to care for little children." How many children^ are there who, every night of their lives, are frightened to sleep ?--D( troit Post. "PA," asked a Whitehall miss of her parent, "can anything alter any letter in the alphabet?" "Oh, certa:nlv," re­ plied the wretched man; "didn't you ever hear that circumstances can alter K. SisIVh itehall Timea. IT is asserted that in the three years ending 1880 there were no fewer than 252 theaters destroyed by fire, or partly so. resulting in 4*370 deaths and about 3,400 injuries. * r . . jly - - No were .given, but a reporter, wbo' 1w the ground, sends us the appended authen­ tic and detailed report of the battle. Out of respect to the fnture husbands of the girls, we withhold the name* of the belligerents, simply designating them as Blondie and Pinkie. > First Round.--Both came up with teetli gritting and a baleful, glare in their eyes, cheered with cries of ",(io in, Blondie! Til hold your switch!*4 and "Give it to her, Pinkie; 111 bet on yau!" Pinkie advanced with her finders twitching nervously, and crying, "You nasty, mean thing!" made a, vigorous clutch at Blondie's hair, and was re­ warded with a handful of frizzes and hair-pins, while Blondie clawed vicious­ ly at the cheeks of her opponent, bringing off paint, powder and daticle, and claiming first blood. Time, I min. 10 sees. Second Round.--"I'll aho$w yon whose young man you're going tp llirfc with!" sneered Pinkie, sinking her finger-nails in Blondie's swan-like neck. "Oh, you will you ?" retorted BiOndie, inserting both hands in the other's pro­ fusion of store hair; "why don't y-sta show me, eh?" and she capturod ten dollars' worth of bangs, and received in return several vivid scratches on the throat. Third Round.--"Yon good-for-noth­ ing hussy!" hissed Blondie, between her clenched teeth, "111 scratch your eves out!" and she made a wicked divo for Tinkle's face, but the latter slashed about wildly with l>oth arms, ana 'inad­ vertently drove a hair-pin to the depth of half an inch into the head of IMondie, causing both tears and Mood to tt§w. Fourth Round.--Both girls were still ful\ of fight and wrath and revenge And so forth. Pinkie looked as if her head had been struck * by a cat-a-oor- nered cyclone, and the fa«e of Blondie appeared as if she had been wrestling with a catamount. Pinkie tlun*$ her right arm back as if she was going to throw a stone at a cow, and awhen Blondie rushed in and tore tlie jabot off of Pinkie and •wrecked her iichu, with the gloating remark, "There now, yon awful thing!" Pinkie got in Mr left hand on Blondie's cheek, le&vnlkj the imprint of three finger-nails. Fifth Round.--In tliis round Fjinkie had four breadths of her dress torn out, and her adversary's polonaise waa damaged beyond repair. Tho specta­ tors manifested their delight- by cheer­ ing and waving their hats, and the en­ tertainment was one continued round of excitement. * Sixth and Last Round.--Both fought wildly--biting, clawing, scratching, cry­ ing, kicking, pulling, and calling each other names, and when Pinkie stepped back to avoid coming in contact with Blondie's arms, which were flying about in wind-mill fashion, she caught her foot in her demoralized crinoline and fell with a dull thud, and the circunam- bient air was garnished, with, hair, shrieks, striped stocking^ dry goods, ete. Pinkie gathered lferself together and made a rush for honie, and Blondie was awarded the belt. v The young man who precipitated the disturbance is now going to see another girl.--The Judge. Painting the Great Hone «f It may eeem incredible, but it is fact, nevertheless, that to repaint the outside of the dome requires fifteen tons of pure white lead. This aijiount of material, under ordinary circum­ stances, would be sufficient to paint every house on Pennsylvania arenue from the Capitol to the treasury build­ ing. Common white paint would wash off the roof of the dome in the:first rain that came along, and trickle down iu big streams, leaving the dirt as pal­ pable as before. The work of rephint- ing would not be rendered so often nec­ essary were it not for the fact that the dome is so constructed that tlie vertical joints, or ribs, of the walls, whj<4) aro of iron, as is the entire structure, do not come in actnal contact with each other, thereby allowing the rain to get in and rust. Were they joined the grand old dome would assume, eaoh day, under the influence of the weathet,..neir and horribly fantastic shapes, and some unusually cold morning would find it crushed like an egg-shell into a thous­ and fragments. The painters 6n the roof of the dome resemble nothing so much as tiny flies, and the rope ladders stretching down* from the top in every direction like hair lines, remind one of delicate streaks of molasses, . which these flies are working for all thev are worth. To reach the bottom <ir the dome it is necessary to lie prostrate and climb down these ladders, a praravling which is not of itself peculiarly difl&ult, but becomes so when he who ascends has a dizzy head, and unsteady nerve, and is encumbered with too many |taint pots, and several brushes. * The most wonderful thing aboati the Capitol dome, however, is yet to be told. It is said that there was. a gtptue in ancient Egypt, called Memnon, which whispered sweet words of melody to the sun as he appeared above the horizon, and sung him to sleep eVery night with wild, weird lullabies. The grand, haughty goddess of liberty on top of the dome has a heart of bronze, but a good heart for all that, and one filled w ith true old Virginia courtesy. She has not yet picked up enough four- age to attempt to do the prima donna act, but every morning the good dam© courtesies to the sun, and when he sinks in the west she again courtesies,, but without turniug around. Somtj time since Architect Clark susjtended a plummet line from the interior of' the dome and it was found by actual meas­ urement that the lead swung over a space of 4} inches, making a total dip out of the penpendieular of inches. This is caused by the alternate contract tion and expansion of the iron. A lu­ dicrous mistake, which occurred >not long since, may be mentioned in this connection. The coast survey ha4 in charge the surveying of tlie river i$ont preparatory to locating the line for the reclamation of the Potomac flats. The top of the dome was taken as one point of the surveyor's triangle ia isti- mating certain distances. The caiett lations thus arrived at was found to sadly differ almost every day, aad rnpch swearing and perplexed thinking y|»on the part of the brilliant engineers was indulged in before the dipping of the dome was brought to mind. After that the top of the Washington monunsent did unceasing duty as a mathraafctMl guiding st»r.--Washington Post. 1 TAMPA, Fla., has shioped already thfe season 1,500,000 oranges. '