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I. VMSLVKT. WAWWI^FWUMR McHENRY, ILLINOIS flg gj£WB CONDENSED. THR EAST. . Wa'hm have been reduced 8 per M#t at "-i- the Bigelow Carpet Company's factory, Clinton, Mass. The company employs I nearly 1,000 hands There is a per- ceptibly better feeling among Pittsburgh > iron men, caused by the receipt of several ! luge orders, and the promise of more to follow shortly Two men digging at i Danville, Pa., unearthed a box containing ,000 in coin. FOB the fiscal year ending Sept 30, New York Central's net earnings were 4.25 per : cent, on the capital stock. Yanderbilt is represented as considerably disappointed that they did not reach 6 per cent. The Central's figures are taken in financial quar­ ters as the clearest possible indication of the prevalent demoralization in freight and passenger rates Gov. Cleveland, accom­ panied by a party of friends, went to New York last week to attend a benefit for the ? actors' fund. About $10,000 was real- ized from the performance. The box of the President-elect was guarded from politicians b£ a squad of police.... Judge Blodgett, of Boston, dismissed the charge of contempt brought by the District Attorney against two reporters who refused to tell where they obtained the secrets of the grand jury room Zug & Co.'s iron- mill, at Pittsburgh, Pa., has shut down un­ til after the holidays, throwing 1,200 men out of employment.... Salaries and other expenses of the Pittsburgh Base-Ball Club ' for next season, as made up at present, will amount to $31,000. THE WEST. * A Rational Convention of cattle grow- «s, , , ers was held at Chicago last week, and was ^ largely attended. A National Association ^was formed, and a committee appointed to j {attend the St. Louis convention with a view to bringing that body under the provisions v! of the organization. Resolutions were ; J adopted indorsing the work of the Bureau ^ of Animal Industry, and especially com- mending the ability and energy of Prof. * . Salmon, its chief. AT Chicago, Judge Tuley appointed Horace A Hurlbut, a retired druggist of • that city, receiver of the Times newspaper and of the rents for its real estate. The re- | ceiver is not to interfere, however, with y! the present management of the paper. • SCIENCE HAITL, at Madison, Wis., with its chemical, physical, zoological, and geo- logical appliances and collections, labora- tories, etc., was entirely destroyed by fire. The insurance is $41,000, but the loss can not be estimated, as some of the materials and collections destroyed can not be re- placed. | - >" IN a street brawl at Vienna, Mo., John H. } .• ' r Driggs, editor, of the Courier, shot and ft killed Thomas M. Watkins, editor of the >> •• Herald. The fight grew out of a personal $ . controversy in the columns of their news- V.. papers. - , ^ „ AT Lincoln, HL, the other day, the father of Zora Burns fired a shot at O. A. , Carpenter, who was tried and acquitted of p • ' the girl's murder. The bullet struck an f,'.- ; iron column, and Carpenter was escorted &' home by friends. GR , THE Toledo (Ohio) Produce Exchange has adopted an address to the railway man­ agers of the country urging that freight chaiges are too high, and that in view of the decreased values of Western products there should be a revision and readjustment of rates. NKAB Knoxville, Ohio, Win. Reynolds' wagon, oontaining his three children, left its fastenings on a hillside and dashed ip**!' f[". "Vlfl* the incline, cowing fnfsollision with y. a great rock. Two of the children were : killed, iiie ̂ hird escaped withalight in­ juries^ /" : W» RAE SOUTH. r€: t. CiPT. A. H. MUBPHT, Superintendent • the workhouse at New Orleans, was as- i sassinated on Claiborne street, while supor- ; vising the cleaning of the canal. * Judge ; Thomas Ford and seventeen others have | been arrested for the crime. A NEGBO named Perry was lynched at <«; Sulphur Springs, Texas, \f or 4he murder of r" farmer Jones and his Wife, robbery being his motive. Two FHEIGHJ trains on the Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern Railroad collided near Henning's Station, Tenn., killing three train hands outright, fatally injuring three others, and causing a general wreck ... .Two sisters, Georgiana and Ellen Con­ way, shot Jack Logan and J. Devonshire in New Orleans for leading them astray. The latter was not injured, but Logan is in the hospital... .Whole families are dying in Martin and adjacent counties, Kentucky, victims of the prevailing plague... .Seven men were killed at a boiler explosion near Elizabethtown, Kv. IF the Spanish treaty is ratified, it is claimed that Key West will be a ruined town. Seven thousand persons employed in the cigar factories will be rendered idle, while the loss to property will be $2,000,000. .... The family of Andrew Mann, a cattle- dealer at Fort Spring, W. Va., were poisoned, the drug having been placed in milk. Two persons have died, four are beyond recovery, f • ' three are seriously ill, and four others are out of danger. This is the third attempt, it llfSy alleged, to poison Mr. Mann's family. mmm . _ «*«• , and ~ Minister iPtaftlpttMtttarjr or t!m United Stales to UM United States of Colombia; Baker of Illinois, Minister Resident, and Consal General of the United Mates to Veneaoela; Thomas O. Os­ borne oC Illinois, Minister Resident and Consul General of the United State?to the Argentine Republic; Tbmu Adamson of Itonnsylvaaia. Consul General ot the United btafee at Panama; o. H. Heap of Pen nayivania. Consul (General of the United States at. Constantinople: Faltofi Pniil, ot New York, Coaml General of the United States at Bucharest: Willard P. TIs- dell, ot Ohio, Aeent of the United States to the Stated of the Congo Association; WilUam P. Ilnnwoodv, of Iowa, member of the National Board of Health; Walter Q. Gresham, of Indi­ ana, Circnlt Judge of the United States In the Seventh Judicial Circuit, POSTMASTER GENERAL HATTON says that the $260,764 asked by him for special facilities if secured will be spent in fast mail service from Boston south along the Atlantic seaboard. THE Chairman of the House Committee on Public Lands states that, the Pacifio Railroads have pooled their issues and placed a strong lobby on duty. The Northern Pacific forfeiture bill is likely to be the first one brought up, and its passage will restore to the public domain a tract for which an English syndicate is said to have offered $350,(100|MH). ... Civil-Service Commissioners Thoman and Gregory de­ clare that there is no intention to extend the scope of the civil-service rules so as to include a much larger number of Gov­ ernment officials than at present. POLLTICAT. THE electoral colleges of the various States met at their respective capitals on Wednesday, Dec. 3, and went through the formality of voting for President and Vice President. The ballots used at Raleigh were miniature United States flags made from silk grown in North Carolina. The Indiana electors marched to the residence of Mr. Hendricks. In the Illinois college Andrew Shuman drew the slip which car­ ried the privilege of delivering the returns at Washington. The ballot-box used in Connecticut was the silk hat of ex-Lieut. Gov. Loomis. Mark Hopkins presided over the Massachusetts College. The electors of New Jersey united in recom­ mending John P. Stockton for a Cabinet position. Among the New York elect­ ors was Jacob Windmiller, 84 years of age, who marched with his associates to the Capital to congratulate Mr. Cleve­ land. The President of the college sent his per diem and mileage to the Little Sisters of the Poor in Albany. Nearly every distinguished Democrat in West Virginia witnessed the proceedings of the college at Wheeling. At Lansing, George K. Steketee was chosen to carry the vote of Michigan to Washington. The Tennessee college selected Robert I. Chester, the oldest Democrat in the State, as messenger. The Texas electors sent Cleveland a dispatch congratulating him on his 1*26,000 majority in that State. The Kansas college adopted resolutions express­ ing confidence in the character and ability of Eluipfrand Logan, and chose J. M. Mil­ ler messenger. At Des Moines, John Van Valkenburg was selected to carry the vote of Iowa to t^e national capital. The Wis­ consin college imposed this trust upon J. W. Ostiander The Missouri electors sent a congratulating telegram to Cleveland and chose John I. Martin as messenger. THE official vote of Colorado was: Blaine, 36.277; Cleveland, 27,627; Butler, 1,957; and St. John, 759. THE cfficial vote of Texas was canvassed on the 2d inst., thus completing the list of States, and below we print the complete and authentic popular vote for President in all of the States of the Union: STATES. i WA8HL1«TOX FOLLOWING is the regular monthly debt statement, issued on the 1st inst.: Bonds outstanding-- Four one-half per cents $350,000,000 Four per cents. W7.893.450 Three per cents 194,190,500 Refunding certificate*. 2«3,15<J Navy pension fund. 14,000,000 5if •fi. Total Interest-bearing debt..... .tia96.i47.ioo m. Matured debt Debt bearing no interest-- Legal-tender notes, Certificates ot deposit.; Gold and silver certificates.......... Fractional currency Total without Interest....... Total debt Total interest. Cult in Treasury Debt, less cash in Treasury...... Increase during November...... Decrease since June 30 $9,238,436 848,739.306 22,695,0l>0 204,015,471 6.974.279 Alabama Arkansas Caluornia .... Colorado Connecticut, Delaware Florida Georgia....... Illinois...., Iudt na... Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine Maryland Massachusetts... Michigan Minnesota. Mississippi Missouri . . . . . . . . . Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jermey...... New York North Carolina.. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania.... Rhode Island.... South Carolina.. Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia.... Wisconsin Total Cleveland's pin. 92,973 72,927 88,307 27,723 67,182 17,054 31,769 94,567 312,455 244,900 •177,286 90,132i 152,6571 62,546i 52,140! 96,932; 122,352! *189,361 i 70,141 76,510; $235,989' 54,354 6,577| 3!>,166j 127,784! 563,154! 142,900 368,280 21,593 393,747 12,391 69,890! 133,270 223.2081 17,342! fl45,4>7 67,3171 146,4771 69,444 50.8J5 100,816 36,290 65,898 12,768 28,031 47,601 337,481 238,463 197,089 154,406 118,674 46,347 72,209 85,699 146,724 610 762 1,847 1,975 1,958 1,685 6 125 10,5*10 8,293 2,640 761 2,494 55 72 184 1«.074 1,023 1,564 4,495| 16,346 3,106 1,653 338! 120 2,160! 3,953 2,794| 531 9.923 ; 24,382 192,6691 18,403' 111,923 ! 4,6911 3/87 43,509 1 202,925; 2,15») 76,877 2.858 7,193! I 43,166! 1,573 123,432 6,155 562,005 25,206 12.),070| 425 400,0821 11,069 488 14,306 928 26,852 474,268 19,030 21,733 124,000 88,353 38,411 139,356 63,036 161,157 4,910,843|4,843,944 66,8(191 1,131 3,511 1,612 143 939 7,656 150,335 653 3,494 17,004 10 5,179 723 16,992 422 957 3,321 V85 "*805 4,598 133.400 $630,424,006 1,835,609,591 10,438,184 428,340,788 M17.906.986 747,124 82.143,249 $1,764,511 9,238.485 276,755 354,015,471 28,695,000 140,350,610 Current liabilities- Interest due and unpaid Debt on which interest has ceased* * Interest thereon. GoM and silver certificates.. United States notes held for're- Total ........ $438,340,788 ^Available assets-- - " Cash in Treasury.. .. Bonds Issued to Padfle'Bail way"* Prfndttal outstanding; Interest accrued, not yet paid.... * Interest paid by United States.. Total vote 10.038,523 •Fusion--Cleveland and Butler electors. +Fusion--Cleveland and Butler electors; jone Cleveland elector was voted for separately, re- ceivinjt 149,815 votes, and one Butler elector was vote 1 tor separately, receiving 4l,:«)0 votes. ^Fusion--Blaine and Butler electors. AT a conference of Republican politician in New York, it was decided to send James D. Warren to Washington to learn whethei President Arthur desires to make the race for Senator openly or by proxy. AN Albany correspondent recently inter­ viewed President-elect Cleveland, and re­ ports as follows: I take the liberty of opening doors upon a personal interview had with the President­ elect. The public--notablv that portion of the Democratic party aspiring to Federal position or employment--is curious to know what will be the width and celerity of the Cleveland broom. I have sought to measure it and time It. Two things may be accepted as facts: One that the Cleveland hand will hold the stick, and the other that the hand is fuily as patriotic as partisan. "Our national opposition to the Republican party methods is largely against the morbid partisanship which has re­ spected party trueulency more than fitness for public service," is the substance ot Cleveland's argument without literally quoting htm. Ho, while he will give the country a Democratic ad­ ministration, he evidently does not purpose copying one of the most objectionable features of the dethroned party by a precipitate and indiscriminate s weening out of place­ holders, merely for party's sa'-ie. I look limn it that only the first step has been taken," said Gov. Cleveland to me, "in the reform contemplated by the election- Puritv In official station and prosperity tor the people are the demands upon the incoming administration. The contusion that would follow an immediate turning out ot all the present officeholders and clerks of the Government is not properly ea** timated, perhaps by those who would clamor for such a policy. Beform and not revolution is the need of the republic." During a conversation of considerable length the remarks of the President-elect were only cumulative evidence of an intention to atet upon the principle outlined in the quotation. There was nothing of the headstrong nor the pre­ tender in his manner, but any amount of con­ viction and determination. While the charac­ ter of the interview precludes its publication in detail, there is easily a deduction from it which Is submitted for the benefit of interested par­ ties. My deduction is that Grover Cleveland will be the people's, and not the politicians', «EME1 $UM40,T88 $64,623,512 1,615,587 63,099,504 Interest repaid by companies-- By txansportation service By cash^ayments, 6 per cent net eayraogs. Balance of interest paid by United"* States $18,876,062 CM ,19a 43.568.242 PRESIDENT ARTHUK has sent to the Sen- Ate the following nominations: _Hcgh McCulloch of Indiana, Secretary of the Treasury; Frank Hatton of iowa. Postmaster general; Gen, Schuyler- Crosby Qf_>'ew York, Knt Ajsm*nt PpMmaster General; James is one K bade te at a e< the tMUpiry is fls impeftdtair.... China war re- will continae fee oe and 'will secure 15,000 Premier Fern has aban­ doned a"i hopes of a sueoemfnl issue of the mediation between China and France. ; THE rumor is telegraphed from Egypt that the false prophet of the Soudan is dead, and that his army is dispersing... .A Brussels dispatch states that Nicholas Fish, United States Minister to Belgium, has re­ signed. MR. CRAMEB, Consul-General in Switcer* land, reports that that country will reoeive its supplies of wheat from Bttssia, and he urges American exporters to send a compe­ tent agent to Europe to acquire informa­ tion on this question... .John O'Connor (Parnollite), has been elected Mayor of Dublin, and Madden (Nationalist), Mayor of Cork. LORD CHIEF JUSTICE COLERIDGE in pro­ nouncing the decision of the Court of Ap­ peals in the case of Capt. Dudley and the mate of the wrecked yacht Mignonette, who killed the boy Parker to keep themselves alive, said that all the Judges agreed that the act of the prisoners amounted to mur­ der, and the conviction must be affirmed. ADDKTIOHAL HEWI. THE New York Sun, in a significant double-leaded editorial, discusses the ques­ tion of "Our Coming National Currency," and reaches the conclusion that the nation­ al bank currency must go, and give place to a Government currency of coin ond paper money. The article notes carefully the mpid decrease of the national bank circu­ lation, and the more rapid increase in eoin and coin certificates, and says: "This will give us, by 1891, a grand1 total of •l,i:j.r>,0(HVN)0 of government currency against not more than $i00,ooo,ooo, and probably less, supplied by the banks. Of course, much may happen to modify or prevent this result. The conduct of men cannot b? predicted so confi­ dently as that ot inanimate things. The legal tenders may I e redeemed and wl.fa- drawn, the coinage of silver dollars may be suspended and the supply of gold may be diminished at the mines or be drained away to foieign countries. The decrease of national bank circulation may, on the other hand, be checked by favoring legislation, but the proba­ bilities are greatly against these events, and, as we said at tha outs?t, it is much more likely that national bank notes will be driven out of use altogether, and their place taken by an ex­ clusively Government currency." THE annual report of William E. Chand­ ler, Secretary of the Navy, has been made public. In connection with the statement that three new ships have been successfully launched, the Secretary says it has bean shown that American steel makers can readily furnish excellent material for ship­ building in large quantities. The Secretary points out that comparisons of speed be­ tween the new cruisers and the great trans­ atlantic racing steamers are unfair because the latter attain their high 6peed only by the sacrifice of qualities essential to a ship of war, and adds that the former could overtake 56 per cent, of the merchant steamers of the world. The report calls attention to the ne­ cessity for torpedo boats, and recommends the construction of seven modern cruisers annually for the next ten years. Comment­ ing on the present condition of the navy, Secretary Chandler says that the dispro­ portion between the expenditures therefor, and the results accomplished, • is due to the policy of attempting at great cost to rehabilitate worn-out structures under the name of repairs. The report recommends the discontinuance of several navy-yards and workshops and certain im­ provements in the management of the re­ mainder, among these the exclusion of politics, recites the history of the recent arctic, expeditious, comments at length upon the frauds connected with the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, fixes the ordi­ nary estimates at $17,292,601, and those for increasing the navy at $15,071,592, and, in conclusion, advocates Government en­ couragement for the development of our merchant marine, either in the shape of bounties upon construction or payment for carrying the mails. 4 , r A WASHINGTON telegram says: "It seems to have settled down to a certainty that this will be a working session, and that much important matter before the House and in the committees will be disposed of during the winter. Mr. Buckner says the Banking and Currency Committee will try to pass through the House some bill to se­ cure a national-bank system and avert finan­ cial depression. He expects to meet with opposition, but says something must be done. Whatever action is taken, however, will have to be before the loth, for after that time it will be too late to get a day as­ signed.". .. .Thecap-stone of the Washing­ ton monument was. last week, lowered into place, 555 feet from the ground. The corner­ stone was laid in 1848 by Robert C. Win- throp, who has been selected to deliver the oration next Februayr. In a difficulty between the Sauls and Bas- hani families at Gatesville, Texas, six per­ sons were wounded, Dr. Sauls, Henry Bas- ham, and A. Sauls being fatally shot. STEPHEN YOUNG, living near Dover, N. H., gave a party the other night. There was some dynamite for blasting purposes on a shelf, and one of the party, to scare the rest, fired a revolver. The jar caused an explosion of the dynamite, and the house was blown to atoms and burned up. One person, a Frenchman employed by Young, was killed outright and seven wounded. Bonds to the amount of $50,000 and a large amount of railroad stock were destroyed. Miss Sadie Greenfield, of Bochester, was blown through a window and her head cut open. Several of those injured will prob­ ably die. ' THE MARKETi REPORTS from Sonoia are that a fight has occurred between the Mexicans and Americans in which thirty persons have been killed. DURING November the fire losses in the United States amounted to $7,000,000, and for eleven months of 1884 the loss is placed at $101,000,000. IFORE1GX. PROTESTS against the proposed increase of the French duty on grain have been made by Bussia and the United States. THE condition of affaires in Spain is be- SUuUuaM iowa^P^Sding Judrte ot the Court (lieyed to be worse than at any time since NEW YORK. BEEVES Hoas FLOUB--Extra. WHEAT--No. 2 Hpring.. No. 2 Red.............. CO':N --No, 2 OATS--White .• POBK--New Mess CHICAGO. BEEVES--Choice to Prime 8:eers. Good Shipping Common to Fair Hoos FLOUB--Fancy White Winter Ex. Good to Choice Spring.. WHEAT--No. 2 Sprln r. Na 2 lied Winter. CORN--No. 2 OATS--No. 2 K*E--No. 2 BARLEY--No. 2 BUTTEB-- Choice Creamery...... Fine Dairy CHEESE--Full Cream Skimmed Flat......... EGOS--Fresh POTATOES--New,per bu.......... POBK--Mess LABD... TOiiEDO. WHEAT--No. A Bed. COBN--No. 3 OATS--NOT 2 MILWAUKEE. WHEAT--Not 3 COBN--No. 2 OATS--No. 2 BAHLEY--Na 2.,.. POBK--Mew LABD ST. LOUI& WHEAT-NO. 2 Red COBN--Mixed OATS--Mixed RYE POBK--Men* CINCINNATI. WHEAT--No. 2 Bed COBN OATS--Mixed POBK--Mesa LAUD DETROIT. FLOUB. .... WHEAT--N&l White. COIIN--Mixed. OATS--No. 2 White. POBK--Family INDIAN APOLI8. WHEAT--No. 2 Red, New. COBN--Mixed OATS--Mixed EAST LIBERTY. CATTLE--Best Fair Common. 4........ Hoos $7.0? 4.21 3.0J .81 ."4 .43 13.0 J 6.50 fl.50 4.0* 4.00 4.00 3.25 .7.1 .73 .35 .25 .50 .67 .23 .1M .12 .08 .21 .3(1 & 7.50 <L« 5.00 3.50 @ .><3 .H5 & .50 •S# .37 (($13.5 J 9 7.0!> I'll K.00 & 5.0) <31 4.50 t«; 4.50 .«« 3.75 V* .73 "i .7* .30 .25S. .52 .27 .20 .13 .22 .40 10.75. «> 11.25 .06 .07 .08 .72 .35 .20 .60 10.75 e.(& c<n .19 M .25 .4$ 10.75 .7S •3C .28 11.50 .72't .37 .27 at .F>I <311.25 (Sf.7.00 .70 ® .35 & .27 <& .49 @11.25 .77 .38 .29 @12.00 & .06!$® .07 5.00 .15 .86 .28 12.00 .72 .82 .25 6.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 4.60 & 5.10 @ .70 & .38 <& .20 (&12.50 & 6.50 @ 5.50 m 4.50 <» 4.50 <& 5.00 ||it Anvtttal Report to Congress v "ij of the Secretary of Treasury* Uncle Sam's' Incone • Bemedy far the presstoa. and <hrt*o--A The report of Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the Tvearanr, la of great length, but on several questions of vital interest to the financial and commercial world It la exceedingly Interesting. From the mass ot figure* submitted It Is learned that the total revenues at the Government for the last fiscal year were $348,610,869, and that the expenditures were $290,916,773. leaving a sur­ plus of t67.M3.396, of which $54,000,000 has been applied to bond redemption. The actual and estimated revenue for the fiscal year 1884-5 is $330,000,000 and the estimated expenditures are $290,000,< 0& Of the revenues expected during the ensuing year $185,000,000 will come from cus­ toms taxes, and $116,000,000 from Internal reve­ nue. The Secretary estimates that the Treas­ ury surnjus in 1886 will be not less than $50,000,- 000, andarpues that something should be done to relieve the people of this unnecessary tax­ ation. The most important chapter In the repent is devoted to foreign trade and taxation. After speaking of the remarkable chances In the Western States and Territories, and asserting that "to the rise in the value of lands resulting from the construction of railroads the wonder­ ful increase ot the national wealth la very largely attributable," he says: Thecondition of the manufacturing interest of the United States la similar In some respects to the oonditkm of the agricultural Interest of the West In the early days. What the Western farmers then needed was a market for their crops. What manufacturers now need Is a market for their surplus manufactures. The real foundation of our great manufacturing in­ dustry was laid in New England under the first tariff of a protective character, which diverted a part of its capital from shipping into eotton factories. Those first constructed having been fairly remunerative, more were constructed, and other branches of manufacture were under­ taken. until New England was converted from maritime and commercial pursuits into manu­ facturing. It will be recollected that New En­ gland was opposed to the first protective tariff- that one of Mr. Webster's great speeches was a free-trade speech. It waa not many years after the first cotton mills were erected in New England that the great iron Industries of the country began to be developed, and Pennsylvania soon became the (rreat iron manufactures State of the Union. Nor was It- long before various kinds of manu­ factures came into existence in most of the Northern and Western States. The demands of the Government during the late civil war for nearly all kinds of manufactured Roods and the high tariff greatly stimulated production. After the war stimulus was found in railroad building and in extravagant expenditures in­ duced by superabundant currency, and the time has now come when the manufacturing industry of the United States is in dire distress from plethora of manufactured goods. Some manu­ facturing companies have been forced Into bankruptcy; others have closed their mills to escape it; few mills are running on full time, and as a consequence a very large number of operatives are either deprived of employment or are working for wages hardly Bufficicnt to enable them to live comf ortably or even decent­ ly. Nor are manufacturers and their employes the only sufferers by the present depression of our manufacturing industry. So large and widespread has this industry become, so inter­ woven 14%with other industries, so essential is it to the uHmge of the whole country, that it cannot baHpfously depressed without injuri­ ously affecting business throughout the Union. The all-Important question, therefore, that presses Itself upon the public attention is, how shall the country be relieved from the plethora of manufactured goods, and how shall plethora hereafter be prevented? It is obvious that our power to produce is much in excess of the pres­ ent or any probable future demand for home consumption. The existing iron, cotton and woolen mills, if employed at their full capacity, could meet in six months--perhaps in a shorter time--the home demand for a year. It is cer­ tain, therefore, that unless markets now practi­ cally closed against us are opened, unless we can share in the trade which is monopolized by European nations, the depression now BO severely felt will continue, and may become more disastrous. The question how shall our foreign trade be Increased is the question which now comes to the front and demands prompt and careful con­ sideration. to anufacturers are primarily inter­ ested, but the whole country has a stake in its Solution. Injts investigation the tariff will necessarUHB involved, inasmuch as the rela­ tions bebmeii it and our foreign trade are so close that they cannot be considered separately, but it need not be involved except so far as it st'jnds In the wav of international trade. If the duties upon raw materials are an obstruction, those duties should be removed. If the duties upon other articles are an obstruction, they should be modified. Whatever may be required to increase our foreiga trade, whether it be a repeal or modification of existing duties should be demanded bv the manufactu­ rers themselves. How, then, shall the informa­ tion requhAMor a full understanding of what stands increased exportation of 'our IflpRim goods be obtained? It may not rw proper for me to offer advice on this point, but I cannot forbear to say that I can see no better means than by the appoint­ ment of a commission, composed of men not wedded to the doctrines of free trade or pro­ tection--fair-minded men, who would prosecute the inquiry thoroughly, comprehensibly, and Impartially. If such a commission should be created, It should be done without unnecessary delay. The business of the whole world has been re­ volutionized by steam power and the substitu­ tion of machinery lor hand work. If not the inventor of the steam engine. Great Britain took the lead in utilizing it in manufacturing, and she thus became the great workshop of the world. For many years she had a monopoly of manufacturing. The raw materials from nearly all nations was taken in her own ships to her ports and returned in manufactured goods. It has been the profit of this combination of man­ ufactures and commerce which has made her the richest and most powetful of nations. Now, however, all Western nations are endeavoring to use their raw materials at home and to encour­ age and sustain their manufactures by pro­ tective duties, the effect of which has been general overproduction. It is this great revolution caused by steam power and machinery and their general use that will make the labors of the commission arduous. All the leading nations ot the world are now en­ gaged in manufacturing, and all but Great Brit­ ain are forcing themselves in by protective duties. Among them the United States has been conspicuous Has not the time come when a new departure is demanded? Cobden, one of the ablest and most far-seeing of British statesmen, predicted that the United States would in time not only be­ come a great manufacturing country, but would become a competitor of Great Britain in the South American markets. In the course of seme remarks upon the condition of,British trade he said: " Members of the House of Com­ mons and others are constantly crying out that there is very great danger threatening this country from Russia, and they neglect to ob­ serve that the great danger to the supremacy of the country is not In Russia, but in the compe­ tition of the United States or America." The present condition of our foreign trade is not as fully understood by the public as it ought to be, or there would lie greater uneasi­ ness in regard to what may be the result. Look, for instance, at our trade relations witn Brazil. We sold to Brazil last year various articles to the amount of $8,646,261. We bought of her various kinds of her own productions to the amount of $50,265,889, leaving $41,620,028 as the balance against us. Now, how is this large bal­ ance liquidated? Not by gold, but by the sale of our farm products, for which there is a large demand in Europe. It is our cotton, our wheat, our petroleum, our beef and pork, which can be produced more cheaply in the United States than anywhere else, which create the sterling exchange that enables us to carry on this one sided trade with Brazil. Now, if by the failure ot our crops, or very favorable sea­ sons on the other side of the Atlantic, or what is more probable, by retaliation, our exports of these articles should materially decline, what then would be the condition of our Brazilian trade ? Instead of depending on the exports to Europe for means to oover the balancc in favor of Brazil,ought not an effort be made to equalize that trade by our manufactured goods? Ought we not to endeavor to verity the prediction of Cobden bv becoming a comjietitor with Great Britain in t lie liraziltan markets? Ought not this to be attempted in the Interest of our own manufactures? / When the real condition of our^oreign trade and the character of the competition in which we must sooner or later engage, are fully un­ derstood, it wi'l be found that our inability to make that trade as tree as our best interests require lies in the necessity which exists for heavy import duties, which, although they may be levied for revenue only, must be in a large degree protective. It is upon sncli taxes, therefore, that our gov­ ernment must mainly rely 1 or Its large current expenditures and the reduction of the national debt. Large revenues will I e derived from the taxes upon whiskey and tobacco, if the tax on the latter article should l>e retained, bnt our chief revenue must bo derived from import dutie». To show how these duties may be so Im­ posed and distributed as to neither imperil our manufacturers nor obstruct our loreign trade while the Treasury is kept in an easy condition! will be the task of the commission. That the task will be a very difficult one Is certain; that it may be succesainlly perlormed ought to be certain also. In the commencement of Its work the com­ mission should, I think, regard the following points as being settled: 1. That the public revenues are not to be in excess ot what may be required for the support ot the Government and the gradual reduction ot the public debt. 2. That our manufactures, which under the fostering care of the Government, have attained such gigantic proportions, and whose prosperity is essential to the welfare of all other interests, are not to IK- put in jeopardy bv rapid and sweeping changes in the ta' iff, and that all re­ ductions of import duties should be made with a view to their ultimate advantage by opening to them markets from which they ace now in a large degree excluded. If such a c the time of the subject. K-™- lS deemttimr this direction el not preparsd to name the articles upon which duties should be removed or reduced. I should It Congress were not already In '• the factswhlch should its regret thk possession or the facts which should govern action. This much, however, It may be proper for me to reoommend. l. That the existing duties upon raw mater­ ials which are to be used in manufacture should be removed. This can be done In the interest of our fore<gn trade. X That the duties upon the articles used or consumed by those who are the least able to bear the burden of taxation should be reduced. This also can be effected without prejudice to our export trade. In regard to our Internal revenue taxes, I have to say that, as these taxes, with the exception of the tax upon whisky, ought not to be and will not be needed for revenue If appropriations are kept within reasonable bounds and rigid econo­ my Is established In all branches of the public service, I see no good reason for their contin­ uance. Taxes upon agricultural productions, although Indirectly levied, are inconsistent with our general policy, and tobacco Is the only one of these productions which has been taxed. An article which is so generally used, and which adds so much to the comforts of the large num­ bers of our population who earn their living by mannal labor, cannot properly be considered a luxury, and as the collection of the tax is expen­ sive and troublesome to the Government, and Is especially obnoxious and irritative to small manufacturers, the tax upon tobacco should. In my Judgment, be removed. The tax upon whisky could not be repealed without a disregard of public sentiment, nor without creating a necessity for higher duties upon imported goods, but while this is true the tax upon the slcohol used in manufacturing might be removed with decided benefit to home industry snd foreign trade. On the subject of our shipping Interests Sec­ retary McCulloch urges the prompt removal of the unjust tariff taxes which have driven Amer­ ican vessels from the sea and paralysed ship­ building in this country. He does not, how­ ever, oonflder the restoration of our merchant marine an easy matter. We have been out of the carrying trade so long, and foreign compa- nidh have such enormous capital Invested, that an attempt on the part of the United States to gain supremacy on the seas would meet with most vigorous competttlon. On this point Mr. McCulloch says: There Is, In my opinion, no prospect whatever that the United States will ever share to a con­ siderable extent in the foreign carrying trade without Government aid. It is for Congress to determine whether this aid shall be granted or whether our foreign shipping interest shall re­ main in its present death-like condition. The let-alone policy has been tried for many years, during which our ships have been swept from the ocean, and we pay every year many millions of dollars to foreign ship owners for freights and fares. Ought this oonditlon of th.ngs to be continued? Entertaining these views, I do not hesitate to express the opinion: 1. That without government aid to United States steamship lines the foreign carrying trade will remain in the hands of foreigners. 2. That as we ought to have an interest in the business which we create, and as the restoration of our shipping interest is important, if not es­ sential, to the extension of our foreign trade, subsidies in the form of liberal payments for the transportation of mails or In some other form should be offered as an inducement to invest­ ments of capital in steamships. The amount of necessary aid would be insignificant in com­ parison with what has been granted to manufac­ turers by protective duties, and nothing would be paid until the services were rendered. After showing the danger involved in the con­ tinued coinage and unlimited legal tender quality of the silver dollar the Secretary says: I have be >n forced to the conclusion that unless both the coinago of silver dollars and the issue of silver certificates are suspended there is danger that silver, and not gold, may become our metallic standard. This danger may not be imminent, but it i& of so serious a character that there ought not to be delay in providing against it. Not, only would the national credit be seriously impaired if the Government should be under the necessity of using sliver dollars or certificates in payment of gold obligations, but business of all kinds would be greatly dis­ turbed ; not only so, but gold would at once cease to be a circulating medium, and severe contraction would be the result. The United States is one of the most powerful of nations--its credit is high, its resources limitless; but it cannot prevent a depreciation of silver unless its efforts are aided by leading nations of Europe. If the coinage of silver is continued in despite of the action of Germany in demonetizing it and tha limitation of its coinage by what are known as the Latin na­ tions, there can ba but one result--silver will practically become the standard of value. Our mines produce large amounts of silver, and it is Important, therefore, that there should be a good demand for it at re­ munerative prices for the outlays In obtaining it. The suspension of its coinage might depress the market price of silver for a time, but the ultimate effect would doubtless be to enhance ' he production of goid is diminishing, that of silver lias practically reached its maximum, and there are strong indications that from this time the yield of both gold and silver mines will speedily dccline. At the same time the demand for both for coinage and in manufactures will increase. The very ne­ cessities of the commercial world will pre­ vent a general and continued disuse of either as money. The European nations which hold large amounts of sliver must sooner or later come to its rescue, and the suspension of coin­ age in the United States would do much to bring about on their part action in its favor. But, whatever might be the effect of the sus­ pension of the coinage upon the commercial value of silver, it is very clear that the coinage cannot be continued without detriment to gen­ eral business and danger to the national credit. The amount of one-dollar notes in circulation is $26,768,oi»7.80; the amount of two-dollar notes in circulation is $2<!,77H,7aa20. Congress would, I think, act wisely in putting an end to their circulation. Nor do I hesitate to express the opinion that the country would be benefited if all five-dollar notes should be gradually retired and the coinage of half and quarter eagles should be increased. If this should be done the circulating medium of the United States below $10 would be silver and gold, and we should be following the example of France, in which there is an immense circulation of silver coin, whioh in all domestic transactions maintains a parity with gold. The substitution of gold and silver for small notes would be productive of some inconven­ ience, but this would be temporary only. If the five dollar notes should be withdrawn the Treasury would be relieved from the bur­ den ot silver in its vaults, and it would not be long before the coinage of silver might be re­ sumed. In conclusion, the Secretary recommends that Immediate action be taken by Congress relative to the basis of national bank circulation, now seriously threatened by the rapid call for bonds on which it is based, and that the system be continued substantially aa it now is, except that the tax on circulation be repealed; that our sub­ sidiary silver coins should be recolned and In­ creased in weight; that the trade dollars should be purchased at a slight advance only upon their bullion value, and not at all unless presented within a year; and that additional vaults for the storage of silver be constructed. CLEVELAND'S ADY1SEB& Bayard for Secretary of State--Garland's Chances. [Washington telegram to Chicago Tribune.] Senator Saulsbury, of Delaware, thinks that Cleveland will lender Bayard the Sec­ retaryship of State, because it is the appa­ rent wish of the Democracy that he should head the Cabinet, but Mr. Saulsbury is not inclined to believe that Bay­ ard will accept. Mr. Saulsbury admits he has no information on the subject, but holds to the opinion that Bayard will pre­ fer to continue in the Senate, where he is the recognized leader of his party. Senator Saulsbury also expressed the belief that Senator Garland will be offered a Cabinet position on the ground of his fitness for the place, and that his appointment would be most acceptable to the Democratic party, CUPPINGS. commission as has been suggested goods the famous BLAIHE expects to finish his book in February. CASSHTS M. CLAY is suffering from a can* cerous affection of the face. MR. RTJSKIN has discovered that Athena, the Goddess of Wisdom, wore "bangs." LADY TENNYSON for several years past has written her husband's letters and "auto­ graphs." m A MAN fell off a bluff eighty feet high at St. Paul, but was not hurt because he was dead drunk at the time. "OATH" lost $20,000 betting on Blaine and Joe Howard $7,000. This reminds us that newspaper men are not infallible after all. CHARLES S. YOORHEES, a son of Sena­ tor Voorhees, has been elected as a Con­ gressional delegate from Washington Terri­ tory. MR. BARNUH'S $11,000 giraffe died re­ cently, the poor creature's complaint hav­ ing been the longest case of sore throat on record. J ALEXANDER H. STSP^TENS, A nephew of the Southern statesman; is conductor on a Pullman sleeping car/ running between Nashville and Atlanta. 'He inherited from his uncle the greater parfaf the few worldly ions Georgian\ha4 to bestow. • A" * % ' . i4 ^ Secretary Unooia Calls Atten­ tion to the HeoaaalttM of More Forte and Chut Heeded for Cdact Defense -- Worn-Oat Vohmteer Rolls--The Greely Party. Expenditares $42,832,87« the Past leer--Appropriations for the Car* rent Year, $45,570,551. The annual report of the Secretary of War shows the expenditures of that department for the fiscal year ending Jnne 30, 1884, to have been as follows: Salaries, contingent expenses, and '?°*age. nmw,; military establishment, w A®sdemy, $25,<WO,67X4'2; l ublic works, including river and harbor im­ provements. $10,062,593.69; miscellaneous ob- ^tal, I4MWJP76.21, which included toe sum of »1,68«,035:72 not drawn from the Treasury, but credited under the act ot March 8, 1870, to the subsidized Pacific Ball- roads for transportation services rendered the war Department during the fiscal year 1884 and June 30; 1885* were ai'follows: Salaries. conti%? gent expense#, and postage, $3,088,634.66; mil- iwury wtAbll8hni®Dt, trmy ftnd nillit&rv io&d- emy, •34,743,138.50; public works. Including river and harbor improvements, $18,687,480; miscel- lanMusobjeots, W,0M,»08.47; total, {48,570,661.63. The estimates for the fiscal year endlna June 30, 1886, are as follows; BalariM, oontlng ît n- .. - tg river and harbor improvements, and new seaooast fortifications. $1&, 497,400.4#; miscellaneous objects,$y,806,147.65: total, fco.860,50^68. The estlnmes for tJbe fiscal year 1888 are below those for 1886, with few ex­ ceptions, the prlnoipal increase being for fortlfl- wtons and other works of defense, $6,303,000; 4 o f f l c e ' • 3 5 ° . ° 0 0 : a r t i f i c i a l lhnbs, $460,000: and support of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, tl»9,096.88. The reports of military commanders show an unprecedented quiet among the Indians, there having been reported during the year no dis­ turbance to cause the firing of a single musket. The policy of concentrating the many small frontier outposts in larger permanent stations, which the rapid extension of railways has made feasible, has been continued as far as the ap­ propriations for barracks and quarters would permit This concentration Is resulting in greatly increased economy of supply and the Improvement of military discipline. The Superintendent of the Military Academy at West Point reports an Improvement in the tone and discipline of the corns, and the Secre­ tary recommends the rigid enforcement of the statute which prohibits the return to the acad­ emy of any cadet found deficient in his studies or conduct, except upon the recommendation ot the Academic Board. He recommends, also, that a professor of law, of the same rank and tenure as the other professors, be placed in charge of the instruction in legal principles now given at the academy. The Interest among the students in schools and colleges where military instruction is given by the forty officers assigned to this work by the department is steadily increasing. Out of a total average attendance ot 6,474 at these insti­ tutions, 3,529 attended infantrv drills and 424 artillery drills during the last year. The Secretary recommends that thirty-five years of honorable and faithful service in the army entitle enlisted me to be placed on the re­ tired list, and that the term of enlistment be reduced from five to three years as a means of reducing the number of desertions of men who become discontented by reason of inaptitude for the service and the contemplation of the present contract of enlistment. The acting Judge Advocate General reports the number of trials by general courts-martial during the year to be 2,2HO, which is an increase over last year of 295; number of convictions for desertion, 700; number of trials by garrison and regimental courts-martial, 10,988, which is an increase over last year of 1,663, making a total increase of trials by courts-martial of 1,960. Total number of trials by general, garrison, and regimental courts during the year ending Sept. 30, 1884. 13,263. The report of the Quartermaster General's Department shows that at the beginning of the last fiscal year there remained in the Treasury, as balances applicable to expenses of prior years, the sum ot $1,295,279.01. There was ap­ propriated for the year the sum of $10,156,734.85, including $200,000 for military posts and $2,500 for road to National Cemetery at Chattanooga, Tenn. The balance undrawn on the 3oth of June, 1864, was $1, IS>3,962.54. The report of the Commissary General of Subsistence shows a total expenditure the last fiscal year of $3,217,224.33, of which $1,905.76 was embezzled by an officer of the army, who deserted, and, it Is believed, fled to Mexico. This is believed to be the only sum lost to the Treasury by the dishonesty of any person in the military service. In the other three in­ stances of dishonesty during the present ad­ ministration, the sums embezzled have been restored. Of the $500,000 appropriated by Con­ gress for persons made destitute by the floods of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, $326,618.24 was expended on the Ohio and its tributaries, and $160,439.34 on tne Mississippi, leaving un­ expended $13,942.42. The total number of official demands upon the division of records and pensions during the year for information as to the cause of death in the case of deoeased soldiers and for the hos­ pital records of Invalids was 65,897, being 53,683 less than the number of similar applications during the previous year. Including the 32,532 applications remaining unanswered at the end of the last fiscal year the total number of cases to be disposed of was !)8,429. Of the new cases, 55,849 were received from the Commissioner of Pensions, 9,488 from the Ad1u- tant General of the Army, and 660 from miscel­ laneous sources. Replies have been furnished to the proper au­ thorities in 92,148 cases, of which 85,940 were to the Commissioner of Pensions, 5,583 to the Ad­ jutant Oeneral, and 625 to miscellaneous appli­ cants, leaving 6,281 cases to be searched and reported on. In addition to the number or re­ ports above stated as furnished the Commis­ sioner of Pensions, 1,470 have been prepared and furnished to the same officer by the adminis­ trative and miscellaneous branch of the office, making a total of H7,410 reports In pension cases furnished durinct the year. The Paymaster-General, in his report, accounts for $15,180,160.H6. He recommends, with the Secretary's concurrence, that officers of the army be permitted to furnish the bonds of an approved guaranty company. The chief of engineer shows the ureent neces­ sity of beginni ng at once the construction of coast defenses. Steel forts and turrets to resist guns which send a projectile weighing a ton through sixty feet of sand, and which must have like guns, with machinery to load and manipulate them, cannot be built in the time an enemy would give after the cessation of diplo­ matic intercourse. The balance <n tne Treasury July 1, 1883, for improving harbors and rivers was $10,021,649.56. The amount appropriated for 1884 was $1,319,- 634.62,and the amount drawn from the Treasury was $8,228,703.64, leaving a balance of $3,112,- 680.63 In the Treasury July I, 1884. Of the 147 places enumerated in the river and harbor aet of Aug. 2,1882, seventy-six were reported as not worthy of Improvement. During the year end­ ing Sept. 9, 1884, the channel of the South Pass of the Mississippi River was maintained unin­ terruptedly. Daring that time $100,000 was paid for maintenance of the pass and $60,(W0 in inter­ est on the $1,000,000 retained was paid Mr. Eads, making the total expenditure for the Improve­ ment to the latter date, $6,000,000. The Secretary urges Congress to make lib­ eral and permanent appropriations to.tne ord­ nance department for the purchase of gun material. The steel-inakerH of the country re­ quire the inducement of being fairly remuner­ ated for outlays necessary to enlarge their plants sufficiently to produce steel in masses of sufficient size and of suitable quality for gun construction. The manufacture and test ot experimental guns will require lour or five yea s, and prompt action by Conuress in mak­ ing this appropriation and establishing (iovern- mf-nt KUU factories to secure within a reasona­ ble time efficient means of coast defense. Pending this Congressional action, the depart­ ment is proceeding with the conversion of smooth-bore guns into rifles; fifty will be thus converted this year. The zeal and enteprise of the Greely relief expedition receivo the highest commendation, ftud a vigorous defense Is entered apftinst the assertion of the chief signal officer that after the arrival of the Proteus party at St. Johns, Sept. 13, 1883, there was still time to send suffi­ cient relief. To send an exi>edition witli such pre- ga ration as could bo made after the middle of eptember, the Secretary thinks, would have been practically useless. Persons whose expe­ rience and studies Eive their opinions weight were consulted bv the Secretaries of >Var and the Navy, and the conclusion reached that un­ der most favorable conditions a vessel could not have gone further north that season than L'pernavlk, a point 700 miles from Littleton Island, which distance is impassable for boats or sledares. t .. , The impossibilitv of overcoming the difficul­ ties of arctic travel by land or sea was illus­ trated by the fact tnat two-thirds of the (.reely party starved to death at C&pe Sabine with 150 pound* of meat untouched at Cape Isabella, thirty miles distant, and 250 rations at Littleton Island, about the same distance, but separated bv Smith's 8ound. Commander Schley, of the Greely expedition. In his official report to the navy department, said: "In view of the disaster to tiic Ladv Franklin Bay expedition at Cape Sabine, and the conclusion of the department last year that it was impracticable to send an­ other vessel north after the Yantic s return to St. Johns, Sept. 13, 18S3, with the report of the loss of the Proteus, I would state that the past winter in Melville Bay was the most severe ex­ perienced for thirty years." ^ DB. TATLOR, the Bishop to Africa, pro­ poses, instead of teaching his assistant mis­ sionaries the native languages, to teach the natives English aa the shorter method. FIFTY per cent, of cholera eases at Kaples were fatal. I ! - • ' l T, i ^ Being Done Uy tht itfe ^ tlonal Legislature. TUB seoond session of the Forty-elghtfe Congress opeaed at Washington on Monday*. Dec. L Promptly at noon of that day the Pres* ldent of the Senate .called that body to order* prayer was offered, and word was sent over tq> = the House that the upper house was ready to 9 proceed to business. Messrs. Sherman *¥* Garland were appointed a committee to inform, the President that the Senate was ready I to reoeive any communlbation he ~ might • be pleased to make. Mr. Cullom In- '* troduoed a bill to prohibit distinctions being made In the military service of the Unites 4 States against any class of American citlxenar also, to enable officers of the army, promoted § for gallant and distinguished services in the war ̂ ot the rebellion, to be retired with the' rank and full pay of th» grade to which they were promoted; Mr. Dolnh. . j presented a Mil to prevent the obstruction of the navigable waters of the U nlted States and to- j Srotect public worka against trespass or Injury. : lr. Ingalls offered a resolution which was agreed 1 to. Instructing the Committee ou Public Land* | to report such legislation as is necessary to an- I thorize the Secretary of the Interior "*a summarily remove all fences illegally con- q structed on the public domain. The President'̂ 1 met sage was received and read, after which $ the Senate adjourned. The Speaker's gavel a rapped the House to order promptly at noon. The roll-call disclosed the preaence of 322 members, and the Clerk was directed to Inform the Senate that the House waa ready to proceed to business. The Speaker ap­ pointed Messrs. Randall and Cox, of New York, a committee to wait upon tha oi President in conjunction with a similar oom- mltteefrom the Senate, and inform him (Congress was ready to reoeive any communica­ tion he might be pleased to make. Mr. Holmaa presented the credentials ot Mr. Shevely, mem­ ber elect o* the Thirteenth Indiana District, to succeed Mr. Calkins, resigned, and that gentle* man took the oath of office. After listening to the reading of the President's message, the House voted to adjourn. MR. VKBT offered a resolution in the Senate^ on the 2d Inst., directing an investigation into all the leases of land In Indian Territory by Indian tribes. After a long debate the matter went over. Mr. Hawley introduced a bill appro­ priating quite a large sum for the relief of th» officers and crew of the wrecked Tal­ lapoosa. The House adop'ed a resolu* tion presented by Mr. Follett, of Ohio« for an investigation into the conduct of Lofc Wright, marshal at Cincinnati, and his armed deputies at the October election. Mr. Reagan called up the Commerce Committee's inter­ state commerce bill, and offered as A substitute what is generally known as the Reagan bllL Mr. Reagan entered into an exhaustive comparison, of the two measures, advancing as th» special merits of the substitute the facta that it prohibits a greater charge for shorter than for Ion Mr hauls tor the Bame quan­ tity cf freight; that it gives complete leeal, equitable and prompt remedies to the citizen, for every injury inflicted on him bv the rail­ roads; and that it absolutely prohibits pool­ ing, instead of merely directing the commis­ sion to inquire into Qhe method of pooling audi report what legislation is needed on the sub­ ject. Action on the motion to substitute waa deferred by the adjournment. A BILL to suspend the coinage of the silver' dollar, and providing that there shall be no re­ issue of United States notes of a denomination less than $5, was Introduced in the Senate on the 3d inst., by Mr. McPherson, of New Jersey. > The bill proposes that silver certificates shall bo issued, redeemable on presentation at the Trea» sury. Mr. Vest's resolution calling for Investi­ gation into the leases of land made by Indians in Indian Territory was amended so a$ to include within the scope of the investigation the leases of lands in all Indian reservations.' The resolution was then agreed to. Mr. Slater gave notice of his intention to take up the bin declaring forfeited the unearned lands granted in aid of the construction of the Oregon Central Railroad. The House, on motion of Mr. Cobb, of Indiana, declined to accept the Senate's amend­ ments to the House bill forfeiting the un­ earned land-grant of the Atlantic and Pacifio Railroad Company. The House went into com­ mittee of the whole on the bill making tem­ porary provision for the naval service. Mr, Randall stated that the appropriation for tho support of the navy for the current fis­ cal year was $15,636,160, a reduction, of $268,268 on last year's appropriation; The bill passed without amend* ment. Consideration of the interstate com­ merce bill was resumed. Mr. Seymour, a mem­ ber of the Commerce Committe, supported tho bill. He thought Reagan's substitute so strict* 5 as to interfere with the trade laws. Mr. Long," :,1 another member, favored the establishment of an Interstate Commerce Commission. Mr, Peters approved of the bill because it provided, anainst the perpetration of wrongs by railroaS* companies by unreasonable freight charges. MB. MITCHELL Introduced a bill In tho Senate, on the 4th inst., giving a pension of ; $6,000 a year to Gen. Grant. Mr. Cameron sub­ mitted a resolution, to He over, to the effect thafe^' the Finance Committee be directed to luquiro whether it shall be expedient to expend a por­ tion of the surplus revenue for the purpose of reviving the shipping and export trade by allowing a rebate from tariff duties on foreign goods imported in ships built and oWned in thin country and by allowing a premium on Ameri-* can vessels. The interstate commerce bill was., made the special order for Thursday, ' .f the llth. The President sent the following recommendations to the Senate: Otis P. G,: Clarke, of Rhode Island, Commissioner of Pen­ sions; Luther Harrison, of Pennsylvania, As­ sistant Commissioner General of the Land Of*/ tice. Commissioners for Alaska--John G. Brady£' of Alabama, to reside at Sitka; Georee P., Ihric, of Pennsylvania, to reside at Wrangelf- Chester Seeber, ot California, to reside at Oun- alaska. The Senate confirmed William P. Dun- woody, of Iowa, member of the National Hoard, of Health: Frank Hatton, of Iowa, Postmaster General; John Schuyler Crosby, ot New York,' First Assistant Postmaster General. In the* House, Mr. Morrison introduced a bill direct-- inn tne Secretary of the Treasury in purchasing bonds of the United States to pay out any, money in the Treasury in excess of $!0(i,000.00<>."7 Mr. Dunhnm introduced a bill to admit, free of* duty, articles for the World's Kxposition to be­ held by the colored race in Chicago in 1H85. Mr. J. D. Taylor of Ohio o If wed a bill prohibit-*- ing the removal of any honorably discharged. Boldiel-, sailor, or marine, or any widowf or dependent relative ol' the same, from, any office in the civil service, exespt for- specific causes. The House then resumed con­ sideration of the interstate commerce bill. Mr» Anderson supported th ; substitute offered by; Mr. Reagan, though he did not think its pro­ visions (juite /"strong enough to secure the peo­ ple airainst railroad extortion. Mr. Shively ap­ proved c f t he Reagan substitute, but doubted, the propriety'of intrusting to such a commis­ sion as was proposed such unlimited powers. Several bills were introduced to repeal the law* authorizing the appointment of supervisors and deputy marshals at elections. Both house* ad­ journed to Monday, the 8th inst Count Rumford's Dietetics,, In the formula for Rumford's soup given in my last, it is stated that the bread should not be cooked, but added just before serving the soup. Like everything else in his practical pro* grammes, this was prescribed with a philosophical reason. His reasoning may have been fanciful sometimes, but he never acted stupidly, as the vular majority of mankind usually do, when they blindly follow an established cus­ tom without knowing any reason for so doing, or even attempting to discover a reason. In his essay on "The Pleasure of Eating and of the Means That May Be Employed for Increasing It," he says: "The pleasure enjoyed in eat­ ing depends--first, on the agreeableness of the taste of the food; and, secondly, upon its power to affect the palate. Now, there are many substances ex­ tremely cheap, by which very agreea-, ble tastes may be given to food, partic­ ularly when the basis or nutritive sub­ stance of the food is tasteless; and the effect of any kind of palatable solid" food (of meat, for instance), upon the organs of taste, may be increased al­ most indefinitely, by reducing the size of the particles of such food, and caus­ ing it to act upon the palate by a larger surface. And if means be used to pre­ vent its being swallowed too soon,, which may easily be done by mixing it with some bard and tasteless substance, such as crumbs of bread rendered hard by toasting, or anything else of that; kind, by which a long mastication is- rendered necessary, the enjoyment of eating may be greatly increased and prolonged." He adds that "the idea of occupying a person a great while, aud affording him much pleasure at the. same time, in eating a small quantity of food, may perhaps appear ridiculous to some; but those who /consider the matter attentively will perceive that it is very important. It is, perhaps, as 1 much so as anythiug that can employ the attention of the philosopher."--H". Mattieu Ateiene# Monthly. . c.