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" f " i.' / ^ , > - < r y ,...: • .. 'v^ , >* wiiiiniiiiifiimww Mow**** £tf Mm** xflB, : , rtatui angitin The Toronto Gb&M dani jBtiSBMSe "of Mp4Wr:ua as follows: Diameter of #™**t * ®* 1-16 ©* ip i£c§;*«troJ*> 1-32 at an ineh; weight, ̂ of a grain; ban of cylinder, 3125 of a square inch; revoiation. 1700 per minute; horse power, 12490 part of a hone power. Tbi# engine ia ao small that it can easi­ ly beoovered'ttilh the dtfeof a S®-cali bar - ~T T WILLIAM C. HPDFON tella a story •boat Mi-.Tildtm: "One flifr he said to his physician, 'Doctor, I can't stand that medicine you are giving me, rromfflKa. of good.' 'I presume ao, but I shall not take i\ hereafter/ Tm sorry tb hear yoa aay, that; bat If yoa are de- teral̂ 4 on this oputse I would warn joa earnestly thjit/ou must stqp using it gratia ally." 'Yon doctors don't knpw everything. I quit taking that medi- <4na tbree ** •*> n f f|B'. ROLLER skating has not been re­ garded ay an amusement of esthetic tendencies, bat it appears that certain diaciples of Oscar Wilde fetfl enraged on account of its popularity. The chief objection to the knee ̂ breeches, which that apostle of ̂advdffijK' is, that the youfig man of ttie period is too ftpindle-shanked to.look well in the abbreviated garments.* Active exer- WIW9W gested, will produce a development of day ol protuberant muscle arrives, the reign of the pantaloon, it ia believed, is ended. AHDERW CARI|F.<II% ^THE' Pittfbtffgh iron millionaiffe;4ayi he believeaBOeial- ism the best theory ever invented. He adds, however, that he is not prepared to "divide his wealth at present- He says he gives away seven times amnch as be spends on himself. He explains the shutting down of his mills by say­ ing that the wQrkfnen are to blame l>e» cause they alldtt* to work at less wages than he paid. These modifications of M^jgarnegie's munists would otherwise hold him in, bat it is nevertheless gratifying for them to kig î̂ t^ber||| at l?^t>ne wealthy man to whom tney can look in times of trouble. .! B. feays" of "ifdfron- dack" Murray much and thua far. The Aldermen Cntes have more the pressure. He is, aa Father TaykgflH ofJL a *WM ffjjj BUS3PW Jk &%3m, bWiZI sweet singer.' The world has been too harsh with him. I once felt ita$ lote with a young lady because she could elimb a cherry tree. I equally admired Mr. Murray! wSmr a ^jpSartion of tiro great tree on the Common blew down, and a polioeman told him he should have aanmohofit aahe eenld carry off. He shouldered a limb of great size like »t«ad'̂ wlkfd 6ff>wi*hit a* tic son gate# of 0 T were finally diavp op, m- IHtflng'lie agretgutetnan»ed« and were l®^aa*cribe<L The tioVeHy of the arrangement attracted others, and with- thirty more had ap- p in the "Tar and iWhu'd Scc3oty,".as» it is On Year's ero the society gave a baU, celebrating (he expiration of the or which ihey had pledged total enoe. Thih l̂l was filled. At mid- the president announced that the pledge had expired. By a un- vote it was re­ newed for another year, and some twen­ ty new namea were added to the roll. The peculiar penalty proves an attract­ ive advertisement, and the matter is the talk of the neighborhood. Nearly drery * resident wears the society's badge. The badge is a blue ribbon,with a lump of tar filled with chicken feath­ ers attached. THE United States Supreme Court says the Chicago Current, has recently handed down a decision affecting life insurance which, while it is imediately adverse to the companies, will still greatly strengthen publ'c confidence in this form of investment and protection. The late William Orton, President of the Western Union Telegraph Com­ pany, died within two months after taking out a large policy. The insur- a^ra company refused to pay, believing ftrftad been deceived as to the physical condition of the insured man. The company strove to prove such deception by con treating Ihe statements of Mr. Orton's own physician. The Supreme Court rules that such a physician is de­ barred from giving such testimony, and tbrft thp Applicant, when he stated that he was not afflicted with a disease of the liver, may be supposed to have spoken honestly, as tho company pre­ sumably protected itself through a physical examination of the applicant calf of which he will feel proud, and by it own doctor. Thia decision will will at pnce wisU todisplay• Once this. to more thorough examination of i THE total of our dairying interests is s o m e t h i n g e n o r m o u s . u s with milk and its protftfeuf?fo.oflo.ooo oows axe peeded, and fte tooney in­ vested in the business is .$2,000,000,000.. It requires 60,000,000 acres of land to feed the oows; $200,000,000 to pay for the dairy implements and machinery; 700,000 persons and 1,000,000 horses to do the work of the business; 50,000,000 tons of hay, 90,000,000 bushels of corn meal, 275,000,000 bushels of oats, 2,000,- ,000 bushels of bran, And 30,000,000 bushels ef corn to feed the Cows and horses; $400,000,000 to pay for all this feed, and <,.$168,000,000 to pay dairy farm help. The cows yield about Half ft# it jntA oViaa«n itnil batten INDIA, the San Franoisoo Chronicle thinkaw«niM|Mpm^«Mit|^lMKorth- w e s t M a r J I g t i o n o f wheat ' It costs the wheat-growers of India to raise whdafc and ship it fo Del­ hi, which, like Chicago, is a primary market, one aod a third cents a pound, bat the freight from Delhi to jthe sea cago _ ̂ , Indian Mil&HiM tp b6 Yk&e "^th the help of irrigation. This being under- rtakein as a Government enterprise gives the Hindo farmers that advantage, __ bat this is an n^|hriMy policy ^'hir.tl. from his master to you, as to a deputed applicants by the companies, and can­ not fail to benefit the entire interest of life insurance--a system which in a striking way exhibits the progress of abei&y. . COLD !" said a Canadian from Win­ nipeg. "Cold! why, sorely you don't call this cold* Up in my country it is dcbasionalty BO cold at this season of the year that the cows give ice cream when they are milked. I tell you that thpro cji$ be no trifling with the cold up there. Look at the way we dreBs. In winter we all wear furs. The police- at Winnipeg have Buffalo coats down to their heels, and every man, rich or poor, in the Northwest must wear a fur cap. I have known the cold to peaakrate the skoll of a man who want out one day with an ordinary felt hat, and brain fever carried him off in thre3 days; The streets of Winnipeg just now are full of men who move about like animals in menagerie-cages. You see nothing but braver, and otter, and Persian lamb, and seal, and mink, and raccoon, and marten, and muskrat, anp-aH the furs that ever adorned the Goths or Ostro-Goths,who first brought the jhoipe furs of the North to sonth- er^^Mril ceptral Eoroptt* And the sleighs are covered with black and brown bear, and grizzly skins, and buffalo robes, while an occasional As­ trakhan give evidence of luxury in costly fuiyu v JVithout furs we could not live in winter up in that country. We not only use them as articles of laxury, as the Chinese use the„ ermine, sable or the fiery fox, but we are obliged to use them as articles of necessity. And every piece, of skin ia utilized. The hardy ixoijageurc and coureurs du boi* dress themselves in buckskin with head-dresses of wolf, lynx, badger, or wildcat hides, while silver and blue fox furs may be seen on the heads of the ricb- \ . A Dog's I asti act. The aog's instinct of guarding prop­ erty is a purely artiiioial instinct, created by man for his own purposes; and it is now so strongly ingrained in the intelligence of the dog that it is unusual to find any individual animal in which it is wholly absent. Thus, we know without any training a dog will allow a Stranger to pass* by his master's gate without molestation; but that as soon as the stranger passes within the gate, and so trespasses on what the dog knows to be his • master's territory, fho animal immediately begins to bark in order to give his {master notice of the invasion. And this, leads me to ob­ serve that barking is itself an artificial instinct, developed, I believe, as an off­ shoot from the more general instinct <pf guarding property. None of the mlm species of dog are known to bark, and there we must conclude that bark­ ing is an artificial instinct, acquired for the purpose of notifying to his master the presence of thieves or enemies. I may farther observe that this instinct of guarding extends to the formation of Binstinctive idea on the part of the imU of itself constituting part of the ~ |>toppty. If, for .instance, a friend give yt>u temporary charge of his dog, even although the dog may never have seen you before, observing that you are his master's friend, and that his master intendB you to take charge of him, he immediately transfers his allegiance «he GovernmjH tinue. Tho great decline in the price aix months of 1884 its, exports were only 11,125,000 bushels/as against 20,- 613,000 bushels in the corresponding month of 1883. The crop of India this year, as calculated by Consul General Xteonard, of Calcutta, amounts to 244,- 000,000 b̂ îî clî î 0as« 200,000,000 for her own consumption and will have44000j000 for export to England. X|e #rap this year is not as large as that of last year, which was .299,000,000 bushels. NORWALK, Conn<J§iXtcif^att*otogInaf organisation. A year ago Now Hoar's crre tlareo drunken men i watching the old year die, when, . spirit of bravado, one proposed to ear aa<r«Ai*fiikepleVt for? a r, the one failing to keep the obli- ?n to agree to submit to being Boies and rs- owner, and will then follow you through any number of crowded streets with the utmost confidence. Thus, whether !ss look to the negative or to the posi­ tive influence of domestication upon the psychology of the dog, we must conclude that a change has been wrought, so profound that the whole mental constitution of the animal now presents a more express reference to the needs of another and his enslaving «nWi tban it does to his own. In- dflgA •Ag may sav that there is no one feature mine Whole psychology of the dog which has been left unaltered by the influence of man, except those in­ stincts which, being neither useful nor harmful to man, have never been sub- r jet^i to his operation--such, for instance, aaJB^nsti||6pt of burying food, turning rpond to make a bed before lying down, eta--Nineteenth Century. A DONKEY, laden with salt, was cross­ ing a brook. The water diluted the salt and lightened the burden. He communicated his discovery to a broth­ er donkey laden wit^wooL The latter tried the same experiment^ and fonnd h i s l o a d d o u b l e i t s w e i g h t t - ' #*#*** Gov, 0glesby*s Inaugural, De­ livered to the Legiftlatare , -- ifjeiday, I I ton's tjyjfoy Ftrlwill SGLEgBT'g INAUG17RAX. _ , HALU T A TOBY. Fellow Citizen* of the Senate House ol KepreseitfatlvoB: lllraoia for the recent expression of their oonfi- denoe' 1B again electing me to the offloe of Gov* ernor. Havinz la yonr preeenoe tilrnn the oath prescribed by the Conatitntion, I enter npon the performance of the duties of that office with a due sense, I trust, of tho great rrspoaalbUttiee they Impose. Neither experience nor maturity of yews can dissipate apprehension of deficiency and weakness in assnming the duties of a great trast. You will bear me testimony, the con­ scientious desire to discharge Intelligently and faithfully grave official duties inspires In a can­ did breast feelings of doubt and distrust. Un­ der such circumstances, tne highest assurance that can be given to the public is the pledge of an; honest purpose and earnest desire to bring to Ihe discharm of the duties of the odioe absolute Integrity and the best ability that one may command. Without detaining you farther, I might be excused from extending this communication beyond its preseht brief limits, for the Constitution, which will be our guide in all affairs of the Htate, having a due regard for the tttaoss ol thtaga, presupposes tiiat before tne OovMnor undertakes to give In­ formation of the condition of the State he sh-n have bad sufficient time to {tersonally look Into and consider what it really is. A message car­ rying with it the weight such a communication may be supposed to possess onght to be the re­ sult of observation, time, anit reflection. It is manifestly impossible that an ordinary citizen, called from the private waits of li e, can have, in the brief period between an election and the tims when he mnst enter upon the performance of the duties of the office, consider­ ately familiarized himself with the many interesting and in port-ant subjects of State concern that are to demand attention. The language of the Constitution is: " The Oovernor shall at the commencement of each session and at the dose of his term give to the General Assembly information by message of the condition of the State, and shall recom­ mend such measures as he shall deem expedient." This manifestly means the Governor in ottioe at the meeting of your respective bodies the first day of the session, and not another citizen, elected for a new term, who shall later in the session take the oath of offlce. 1 re­ spectfully commend to your attention the messasre of my predecessor, which contains valuable information upon all subjects discussed iu connection with the present condition of the State. While, therefore, I do not.feel It incum­ bent upon me to enter into the detail of measures of State administration, it is a pleasure to be able to congratulate yon upon the generally encouraging condition of our State affair '. The wonderful growth of our industries, increase in our population and development of our re­ sources during the last twenty years are cause of just pride to all. THE THREE STATE CONSTITUTIONS. The State has passed through three stages of development, marked by the three different con­ stitutions which have been adopted from time to time by our people. The first may be charac­ terized as the pioneer period, when our popula­ tion was composed lamely of very poor Dut en­ ergetic immigrants from the older States of the Union. They pave us our first constitution and a system of laws, and a policy well adapted to the times, which prepared the State for that future career to which hor geographical position clearly entitled her. _ Under the second Constitution we lurf in­ creased in wealth and imputation sutttoiently to be recognized as one of the leading Western States. The times were hard, the people were laboring under every possible privation result-, int» from the condition of sparsely settled com- ,muniUcs, and unable to bear tbc burden ol public improvements deemed essential to their welfare, tinder such otrcumstances, a spirit of enterprise and improvement prevailed which the HtRtc was unable to sustain, and it was easily led Into extravagant methods. Unable to raise by taxattot i Ijhe sums required by the system o( internal kaprovoments then in con­ templation, heavy loans were made which be­ came an incumbrance that the Industry of the State wais unable for years to meet. The debt was incautiously and imprudently incurred under the extravagant Ideas which then pre­ vailed through all the Western States. The hopeful schemes entertained by the people re­ sulted In ntter failure and ended in general dis­ aster. The Constitution of 18*8 made the honorable effort to redeem the State credit, and, as you are well aware, under Its pi o visions for enlarged revenues and inoomes the people were enabled a few years ago to discharge the last dollar of its indebtedness Great enterprises weie in the meantime in ooMomnlaUon. Steadily moving focivard with the spirit of the times, the means foe the development of industrial enterprises constantly augmenting, released Irom the burdens which bad for so many years oppressed it, the State, under our present constitution, adopted in 18T0, took another step forward in its great career. The Illinois and Michigan Canal, which had been the cnlef reliance of our people In the earlier days of internal improve­ ments, found a competitor in the rail­ way system, which fairly started in our State in 1854. Those wonderiul arteries of trade and commerce soon began to multiply^ and have continued to in­ crease WRn almost unexampled rapidity until nearly every county and locality is penetrated by them, and they are supplying all the needful channels to ofir great interior trade. Vexed questions, harassing production and trade, grew out of these new enterprises, and there arose a contest between railroads on the one hand and producers and shippers on the other, which liafttested the courage and intelligence ot our people to settle and adjust cons.stently with the proj>er relations which ought to exist between an agricultuial, producing, mining, and manu­ facturing State ajjd iti pul>lic carrying corpora­ tions ; and although the law and the power and policy of the State on the subject of railroads and railroad transportation may be considered as settled, yet so intricate and intimate are the relations existing between the public and these corporations, and of such great Importance are they to our public, the Oeneral Assembly will not unlikely be required to consider the subject and to enact new legislation bearing upon these relations at almost e¥:iy session. Happily, as we know, a better understanding exists between the citizens of the State and those large and in­ dispensable corporations than in the early days of our railroad system. POWER OF THE STATE OVER KAILROAPS. The power of the State to control and regulate as well as create them is no longer questioned. Notwithstanding this Kreat power rightfully abides iu the State, and will always be cxerclsed directly by the Legislature, or indirectly through the Uailroad and Warehouse Commis­ sion appointed to execute its laws, so as to com­ pel such corporations to accommodate the trade and transportation of the State upon fair and reasonable terms, having reference in this re­ spect to the condition as to prosperity or ad­ versity of our jieople at all times, it is due to all to state that no feelinir of hostility or unfriend­ liness toward these corpoiations exists in the public mind. On the contrary, it is the univer­ sal wish that they may be so wisely and unself- ishlv managed as to become not only the useful instruments of commerce they are designed to be, but that all those who have invested capital in them may find them a constant source of remunera­ tion and profit. Under the law, the Railroad and Warehouse Commission executes the pow­ ers of the State in its supervision of these cor­ porations. It is a delicate power, and ought to be intrusted to men of enlightened experience and capacity, capable of understanding the re­ lations of these great interests to the State, and who will fearlessly and yet intelligently and with a due regard for the real interests at stake, exe­ cute the law. After fifteen years of experience under the constitution of 1870, it seems to be re­ garded by the people aa adapted to every neces­ sary condition of a well-organized society and a thrifty and populous State. The objects of civilization and social society must be to protect and guarantee to every citi­ zen the largest social and political liberty: the protection of private and personal rights, and the amplification of oppor­ tunities for every pursuit within the gift and reach of man. Under the present Constitution, our laws, responding to enlightened experience, have been greatly multiplied and extended, so that Illinois is now equipped with as complete a a system ot civil and criminal jurisprudence as will be lound amontr civilized nations. I know of no State where personal liberty, property rights, and the social and rellirious relations are more fully secured by wise and liberal laws. Capita! has ever found and will find ample se­ curity for every imaginable investment. The legitimate enernv and enterprise of our people are not restrained in anv respect, and as far as we can at present see, the future of our com.- mon wealth is as promising as that of any other State in the Union. THE FARMING INDU8TBY. Onr exhaustless and fertile soils are the sure guarantee, under favorable conditions, of abun­ dant crops forever. Illinois Is necessarily the granary lor a large number of the world's popu­ lation. Our farmers are educated, intelligent, and industrious, and I believe as a class are as well contented as any other in the world. Upcn them every other interest and industry must rely for prosperity. Farming land wliich under our second constitution might have been pur­ chased in anv quantity from one end of the State to the other for from to $!•» per acre will ranee to-day in the central and northern por­ tions at from $50 to il"0 i>er acre, while It has greatly increased in value in the southern coun­ ties. There may be periods when our cereals and farm products will range, as at present, at low prices, and temporarily the farming indus­ try, may be discouraged. We know perfectly well that the vast multitudes of the earth to be fed are the sure guarantee for remunerative prices for such products for all time to come, and that corresponding with the growth of pop­ ulation and wealth will be th^ increase in value ot our farm lands. Our central position In the United States, surrounded by dense populations east, west, north, and south, will forever bring to our people substantial prosperity and wealth, •8 that Illinois will continue to be the happy ter- repre- foratlineimpon- --. will always he de- nwadedliy swta vMa.laAenate and toy ««ch a people, we cannot but feri the responsibility which must attach to ns during thettao we S®11 ^ welter? m aor IttSe. Iter few la UiSjHvwia ot conditions and etocamstaaees as naturally and Inevitably as the oeceals are the growth and production of the soil. Although neat and foading prineiptes an firmly established fta our Cons Hutioi, and although wears habitu­ ated to well-defined principles of life that aresuitably and fitly expneased m our acetate fcMka tosmohan extett&hsTtlî y may he hi- dead regarded as fundamental and aett ed. yet the changing conditions of our people and the variable circumstances of Ufa will require that they be subjected to modification and amend­ ment. Qnestiona of revenue, common-school education, universities of teaming. State char­ itable, penal and reformatory Institutions, oom- merae. railway transportation, onr dvU and criminal oodes, the.various and multiplied de­ mands arising from the extensive and some­ what complicated relations ot business snd so­ cial life, will demand most careful considera­ tion. THK DUTY OF THB ASSEMBLY. The division of the powers of the State Into three distinct departments--the Legislative, Ex­ ecutive. and Judicial--with the provision that noperson or collection of persons being one of these departments aha'l exercise anv power properly belonging to either of the others, ex­ cept aa expressly directed or permitted, places the burden of all legislation for the State npon the General Assembly. The people will there­ fore look more directly to your respective houses for the enactment of all laws which are to affect them in their relatione as eitisen* of the State. You will have to consider, not only the present state of the law, but such desirable and necessary amendments to our various statutes as the wants of the people, the neces­ sities of the timesv and the chanoring condi­ tions of affairs may from time to time suggest. Although it is true all legislation must be sub­ mitted to the Governor for his approval or dis­ approval, and he may also from time to time recommend such measures for your considera­ tion as he shall deem expedient, it is manifestly the purpose of the constitution to leave i o the General Assembly the duty of providing all necessary legislation. White, therefore, it is obvious that the Legislative and Executive De­ partments of the Government must co-operate in some sense in the making of laws, and In that respect bear a different relation to the people than does the Judicial, I hope I shall not bo regarded as going beyond the bounds of Ex­ ecutive propriety in alluding to this third de­ partment of our government; for, after all, the act/ion of the first two departments must come under review from time tj time by the Judici­ ary. Indeed, it may be a question as to whether the Legislative or the Judicial Department exer­ cises the greater influence In dealing with the welfare of a people. The latter presides, not only over the legislation, but the acts, the con­ duct, the commercial transactions, and entire business pursuits of all the people. Nothing adds mere to the dignity of a btate and the se­ curity of its people than the judicial arm of its service. It Is to this great tribunal that we all a'last turn for security aad protection lu its adjudication and settlement ot the lew and of all the acts that go to constitute the conduct of the people. THE JUDICIARY. It is with pleasure that I avail myself of this occasion to state that the Judiciary Department of onr Government, by the dignity, the learn­ ing, sterling Integrity, and general fitness of the honorable persona who administer this branch of the service, justly merits and I believe pos­ sesses the confidence of the people. It would be sad. Indeed, should the time ever comc when the people might be led to forfeit respect for and confidence In our Judiciary. It Is the star and hope of every one who has any re­ gard for property or personal rights. It is to it we constantly turn for the protection of our rights in every relation of life. From the uniform tenor of its decisions, and tho wise and liberal spirit it has ever manifested in construing public statutes as nearly consistently as possible with the public expectation aa ex­ pressed in such statutes, and thus trying to give judicial expression to that public opinion which first finds expression In the law, endeavoring at all times to reooncile law with public right, ao as to impress upon the public heart the con­ viction th»t a resort to the judicial tribunals and not to extraordinary and unlawful methods is the true source and security of the public peace, we may entertain the hope that the usual lawful methods arc to be hereafter re­ sorted to by our people in the settlement of all matters public or privats. That State would already be on the way to ruin whose people at any time, yielding to the impulses of passion or unjust suspicion of the methods of administration of law, would seek to invent tribunals of their own for the purpose ot hastily and unlawfully executing their passions amfcpurpoaes. While I believe tlieie is a deep-seated purpose with the jwople of our State to abiae by the decisions of the tribunals they have established for the adjudi­ cation of all public and private controversies and difficulties, while I know our people love peace and good order, and will Insist npon the faithful enforcement of all laws in the usual methods ot enforcing laws, I regret to say that occasionally expressions am beard. altoeeth»r too frequently, especially in connection with our criminal law and practice, which might lead the thoughtless to believe that the spirit of insubordination is steadily in­ creasing in our communities. It is true that occasionally there are out­ bursts sudden and alarming, which create solicitude in the breasts of all peaceably dis­ posed people. While these outbursts are not frequent and Important, enough to create a real uneasiness, they can not be overlooked in a com­ munication of this sort. The law is onr shield, and must be made effective to right every •wrong: it must reach every weak spot In our framewort of government, and wherever In­ effective administration or rascality in individ­ uals point* to defects in it. though ever so small, it will be the duty of the Legislature to amend It In those respects, so as to make it effectual for every jwssible condition of the |>eaceable and well disposed as well as of the reckless and criminal classes. THE C KIMINAL, LAW. I invite your attention to cur criminal lawa. On a former occasion I felt it to be iny duty to submit to the flcneral Assembly of the State some suggestions and recommendations upon •that subject. It is certain the atubility of our institutions rests not only upon the patriotism of the people but as well upon the faithful exe­ cution of the laws. Criminal law ought to be as plain, simple, and certain as it is possible to write it, and then it ought not to be evaded; but if evaded or circumvented by designing, artful, and unscrupulous or wlckcd and criminal persons it ought at once to be made more certain and still more stringent. I know of no greater calamity to befall a free j>eople than loss of confidence in the execution of the criminal laws. Nothing could be more injurious to the public morality than a well-founded belief that the rich can escape while the poor must suffer the punishment due a violation of law. Look­ ing over the criminal statutes it would seem that almost every crime among men has been characterized by suitable definition, and legis­ lation upon the subject seems to have covcred the entire field. Still I thing amendments may be made that will be effective tor good, and if so they ought, without hesitation, to be put upon the statute-books. Our people do not like to resort to the military aim of the service for the execution of their laws. It Is greatly to be preferred that the courts and juries, after crime shall have been clearly defined and the proper penalties affixed, have charge of the administration of public justice. If the law shall be promptly and faithfully executed by the courts and juries, and the punishment It provides meted out to criminals so that the real­ ly guilty shall not escape, there will be no prov­ ocation or excuse tor the efforts of individuals to take the execution of the laws into their own hands. Perhaps a review of and research into the history of the criminal law in England, from which country we derived our ideas of the definitions and punishments of crime, and upon which our criminal law and pro­ cedure are largely based, would show that many of the safeguards thrown around the individual, the rules and maxims which are ob­ served In all crimlnal*proceeclings in the interest of personal freedom, to protect life, liberty, and property, were the result of the struggles of the common people against the aggressions and en­ croachments of power, and In that light may Still be regarded as great concessions to the earnest and rugged protests of the oppressed races and classes who manfully made the first inroads upon the cruel despotism of a darker age, and, if similar conditions existed in this country, would still be retained and re­ garded as salutary weapons ot defense against the cruelty of bigoted and despicable tyranny. But when it is notoriously certain that no such conditions exist here, where liberty is the law and power the exception, where the utmost freedom prevails with all classes, where law is based upon public opinion, and where the rights ot the meanest equally with the best are scrupu­ lously guarded and protected by enliirhtened humanity and rational and self-imposed laws, it cannot hold good and ought not to be ur^ed in the Interest of the criminal classes that ideas the outgrowth of oid and exceptional conditions should find lodgment in our criminal statutes. ABUSES or PRIVILEGES. One of the greatest privileges of those early days was that one charged with crime should be tried in his vicinage or neighborhood. In­ deed, so essential to personal lilierty has this riuht ever been regarded it has found specific expression la each of our three Constitutions; nor in either of them was provision made for a change of the venue. One of the «teps taken now by those charged with crime, and ctiilty of it. is to seek to change the venue. I seriously doubt if a change of venue should ever be grant­ ed In a criminal case. It o n scarc.'ly be pos­ sible that impartial jurors cannot b:: fonnd In any county were crime may be committed to try any case which may arise. I believe plain and simple justice rofmires that the criminal should be tried where the crime was committed. If. however, the Legislature should differ with me upon this subject. 1 recommend if change of venue shall continue to be granted in criminal C'ises that the defendant shall be reouired to make application for the change at the first term of the court when he shall !;e arraigned for trial, and not afterward, so as not to allow htm the benefit of procuring continuances and batftins justice as long as possible, and finally come in to seek another delay by a chansre of venue. By these opportunities it is perfectly well known that justice has often been thwarted in this State. Witnesses for the prosecution disappear, interest in the case subsides, and the criminal, by the very favor of the law, at ltust avoids its penalties. It has been the* law ever since the State was admitted Into the Union to allow the defendant when In­ dicted for any alme punishable with tor tapdttwSwatftti' ffitotlM efcgUehg* of twenty pateNUBna for a tern exceeding ilrtHiip mmith* a like challenge of t#n. WhSlatM*'- lac** Whena Jary is biteft«a!led for a MM, a Jurortak^n flmntMpanel orotfcerwtoe, thai! probability aa competent to tfenasisssaT scanty, after every «the*s . the _ . hMbeea athawsted by the erteiMl to rid him- aM of the prtstnee of such honeat and capable J™*. #«« last disposes of htm on a peremp­ tory challenge, and thia will continue until twenty such persons have been Rotten rid ot By this means the defendant twn.... - M« op. pottunitlea for getting his favorites, friends, and incompetent persona on the Jury. W hatever may have been tha reasons for this indulgence to the criminal whan It firat lonud favor ia the legislation ot the country, what are the reasons now that any man charged with crime has the right in such cises to twenty men, and in other infamous cases tan? I can oonoelve of no ground upon which snoh right of the defendant exists, except upon the hypothecs that, living in the oommunitv where the crime waa committed, in his relations and dealings in that community it might so happen the defendant would be­ lieve certain of nia neighbora and acquaint­ ances In some sort of way entertain secre: aad hostile feeltnga against him, it might be difficult to explain why, an 1 yet would be of such character that his neighbor or acquaint­ ance might still take the oath and go upon the jury to his injury in order to gratirv a pri­ vate hate or spite. it Is within the eti-erieuoe of every man that to some raaaoaable extent this might be ao; bnt can any one conce ive that a man moving tn the ordinary relatious of life would find about htm any such large number of that class of persons aa the law allows the de­ fendant to except to In the cases named? I do not believe the reason for the favor was ever based upon any supposition of unpopularity merely. Take tne owe of two or three defend­ ants--say three defendants--on trial at one*. Under the statute as it now exists the three de­ fendants could exclude from the jury-box on peremptory challenge sixty men, while the State would be entitled under the practioe to only twenty. ABEMKDY. The law as It now stands allows to every per­ son arraigned for any crime, where the penalty does not exceed imprisonment for eighteen ihonths, a challenge of six jurors. I recommend that the statute be so amended as to allow per­ sons arraigned for crimes punishable with death or imprisonment tor life a challenge not t>< ex­ ceed six jurors, and in all other criminal cases uot to exceed three, and that the State be allowed a like number of challenges; and that if two or more IK: joined In an indictment for one offense, that the State shall be en­ titled to a like number of challenges as may be allowed to the defendants. I base this recommendation upon the reason. wjBch I believe experience proves, that no honeet mud peaceably disposed citisen can, in the nature of things, ever by his dally lifo so arrav against him any large number of his neighbors whose secret hates and prejudices would be of such serious character as to be carried into the jury- box. I am considering the question in the sense alone that the defendant is to be tried in the county where the oftense was committed. Should a change of venue be granted and the trial take place in a community with which the defendant was unacquainted, then the reasons do uot apply, nor in that case would any reason exist whv a peremptory challenge should l>e permitted at all. Believing, as I do, that a criminal should be tried in the community where the offense was com­ mitted, where the facts are known, and where his character has been made, I feel It to be my duty to submit these views for yonr con­ sideration. Criminal law Is for the purpose of punishing crime. Common civilised humanity will always guarantee to the indioted a fair trial. Prejudice and passion will always disappear when the defendant, assisted by oounsel, shall stand before the public in the presence of the court and jury, for a fair trial, according to law. His case will always excite sympathy, and there will be ever present on such occasions sympa­ thy and tender charity Imploring mercy, and urging upon court, jury, and the public all those unaccountable and Inestimable advan­ tages which result from that humane maxim of the law that the defendant ia to have in all oases the benefit of a reasonable doubt. REGISTRATION A VP ELECTION LAW. If every citizen in the State enjoying the right of suffrage would go to the polls election day and vote onoe, and by example and endeavor Induce all other legal voters to do so, and none seek to vote Illegally or to vote more than once, or, if ent tled to vote, to make merchandise of this most precious and cardinal right of a free people; If judges and clerks of election would Intelligently and faithfully perform th& respon­ sible and delicate" duties imposed upon the positions thsy hold, and the offioara to whom the returns are made tn counties would seonre the ballots from molestation and honestly scrutinise the returns and make the nec­ essary abstracts and perform all duties in­ cumbent upon them, there would be no occa­ sion for altering, amending, or In any way dis­ turbing our registration and election laws." Ex­ perience, I regret to say. satisfies ns alt that these necessary and desirable conditions do not at all times exist. It therefore results, in order to give protection to all honest and legal voters, and to Insure to them the full value ot their votes, and to encourage them to con tinue to have full confidence In free suffrage as a means of protecting aad perpetuating hon­ est government and free institutions, that the laws, forms, and methods with which we are familiar and to which we are accustomed should be altered, and such additional limita­ tions and substantial alterations be made and such restraints imposed as shall add new and more stringent safeguards about the ballot-box. The great mass of honest voters desire simple elect on laws, free as possible from restraints and forms, so that they can election-(lav go peaceably to the ballot-box. quietly deposit their ballot, and go about their business. Not so with the crafty, corrupt, and unscrupulous, who have no regard for right, for libortv. or for fair elections, who for the accomplishment alone of their own selfish and corrupt ends would annul the force of all legal votes, bringing voting into disrepute, and turn this cherished method of freemen into a farce, a fraud, and an agency of vice, corruption, and irremediable wrong. AMENDMENTS DEMANDED. There is a growing belief that our registration laws should be so amended as to give full op­ portunity to every legal voter in a precinot or district to have his name registered and then carefully continued on the registry so long as he shall remain a voter in such precinct or district without further effort, to that end upon the part of the voter: and that, after such ample provision shall in these respects be made, if the voter willfully or negligently omits to see to his proper registration he shall not lie |>er- m it ted to vote at any election until he shall have legally registered. It is felt to be a hardship to other legal voters to be delayed at or detained from voting-places by the large number who present themselves to swear in their votes after negligently omitting to register. It believed besides that this manner of voting encouragea illegal voting, in the earlier years of our experience tinder registration laws it might not nave been wise to make such pro­ visions as to voting. Our statutes to the pres­ ent time have not been changed upon that sub­ ject. 1 submit, however. If, after twenty years' '•rsr-rS'i3E.ytou and accredited iewosa 32* •poa.rour relation to the State etwaen and accredited repnseatatto* _ people, agreeing to share with yon. in ny aa 1 may hie able to. the just reepoasibttttyiCnr ailtogaittisa .'Wtenuis trcaa our fttat denberatttras, 1st ti~ so aiiSer upon and strive to perform t to great Incumbent upon wt to dee rre tha approval of our constituents and tha favor of Almighty God. HAMILTON'S FAIEWIU. TOFANCIAL AF7AHUL. Following la a synopsis of Gov. Hamilton's farewell nMtai: on of tne Senate and Rouse of Bepre- of the Thirty-fourth General As- Gem sembly: With cordial greeting to you on your coming together aa the representatives of the people of llllnoia I have tha honor to submit to you, aa required by the Constitution, the biennial mes­ sage of the Governor. In writing thia message I have endeavored to lay before you a oomprabeosive business view ot the transactions of tha State Government during the two yean last past, the present con­ dition of affairs, and the estimatea of expend­ itures for the next two years aa accurately as can be ascertained. I came into the executive offloe Feh. 6. 1883, Since that time the people of the State have been peaceful and prosperous, with but tew exceptions. A statement of the financial condition of the State Government must commence with the fiscal year beginning with Oct. 1,1882, the time to which the last biennial meaaage aubmiUed by my predecessor brought the statement, and end with the end ot the fiscal year Oct. 1, lgj«. GENERAL REVENUE FUND. On hand Oct. 1, 1883 $2,977,412.95 Received to Oct. l, 1881 *,293,78tt37 Disburse menta to Oct. 1,18M . r Balance on hand................ STATE SCHOOL FUND. Balance on hand, Oct. l, 1883;. | Reoeived to Oct. l, l«w. Disbursements.. ,.'f; ........ B4lMl0e' xmM • On hand Oct. 1, 188-1 Received to Oct. l, 1884 $7,771,208.33 . 4,lia,«»U5 t&l»,M&67 $387,014.63 , 9,062,430.11 experience, ami when it is known all our peo­ ple are familiar wltli the system, and, I believe, heartily approve of it, the time has not arrived when onr law shall be changed, in this respect, so as to conform to pub­ lic opinion. Every citisen who has the right to vof e ought to have ample opportunity to do so, at a convenient, accessible, and respectable place, free from annoyance, Inconvenience, or insult. To that end all precincts and districts ought to be of such boundary and size, and the voting place fixed in such open, known, and re­ spectable locality as to secure these ends. If the law shall be amended so as to put an end to ttie habit of swearing in votes election day, it will, perhaps, be expedient to limit the number of votes to be cast at any one polling place to 500 or less. It Is believed the hour of closing the polls should be changed to an earlier one. Seven o'clock was fixed in the law to afford opportunity to every legal voter to cast his vote. When the purpose of a law, however, becomes the occasion of Its violation, and Is perverted and abused for illegal and fraudulent purposes by persons who mean to cast illegal votes nnder the cover of darkneas, and design­ edly await the last hour of an election to do so, because darkness rather than light suits their purposes, the law ought to be changed, even If considerable numbers of honest voters be put to some inconvenience thereby. I would favor a law changing the mode of selecting judges of elec­ tion so as to make them elective, and providing for their election In such manner as to render it impossible that all of them should belong to one political party. I have no doubt reflec­ tion will suggest many desirable amendments to our election laws. I invite yonr serious at­ tention to the whole subject. The recent bold attempt in the city of Chicago to perpetrate np­ on t he legal ana qualified voters of that city a shameful fraud, which has become national in its infamy, has revived a general solicitude upcn the subject of our registration and election laws throughout the State. A body of men who would deliberately conspire to rob the people of their votes, and to carry an election by snoh means, would without hesitation rob a com­ munity or a State ol its liberty and be the first in any movement to inaugurate despotism, or to ovefthrow government by anarchy and ruin. I most heartily commend the patriotic and earn­ est efforts of the law-abiding citizens of that great city to pursue and ferret out the band ot villains who would dare to attempt such a crime; and especially do I approve of the wor­ thy efforts of the Citizens' Association, the vari­ ous clubs, and the Committee of Eighty, who dili­ gently co-operated, liberal^ expending money and generously donating their time to the pub­ lic in a commendable determination to bring the offenders to public noticc and to just and se­ vere punishment. CHARITABLE, EDUCATIONAL, AND PEXAL IN8TI- Tl'TIONS. Our State charitable institutions are monu­ ments of the munificence of our people, and of the humane interest they take in the sad lot of those who are overtaken and east down by the misfortunes of this world. The condition of the idiotic, insane, deaf, and blind constantly tjpeals to the generous instincts of the more irtuuate, and the liberal provisions heretofore made to me^t their wants and to relieve their distresses show that they do not appeal In vain. We can scarcely hope that the time Is to come when claims of this character upon the publio favor will cease. 1 shall heartily co-operate with yon In liberal provisions for such relief. I doubt not the methods of treatment and instruction followed In the various institutions are the best, accord­ ing tq the state of our knowledge upon those subjects at the present time, ana that the ap­ propriations for the benefit of the sufferers arc judiciously applied and expended. $2£l»,4U-7* . 2,133,224.13 $136,220.61 $45.55*68 131,895.07 Disbursements. $177,451.7# 177,451.75 BALANCE IN THE TKSA8UBY OCT. 1,1884. General revenue fund ta,l27,566,67 State school fund 186,220.61 $8,313,787.27 This balanoe in the State Treasury, erron­ eously supposed by some people to be a useless surplus, is accounted for as follows: Balance on hand $3,313,787.27 Deduct State school fund already ap­ propriated Deduct also appropria­ tions to July 1, 1085, for Executive and Ju­ dicial Departments al­ ready appropriated... Balanoe or appropria­ tion to charitable, ed­ ucational, penal and reformatory institu­ tions Balance of miscellane­ ous appropriatiatoe... Expenses of the Illinois National Guard Comrletion of Btate- HouM^al ready appro- r ' m - $3,137,500.66 U«M*« > ' $2,2t»,m!l^--^,28g,«3«08 Balfnee In treasuryyanapproprlated. 73 Against the last-named sum must also be drawn all suoh appropriations as may be made by the Thirty-fourth General Assembly in emergency bills tor special porpoaaa. That amount ol course cannot be foretold. To the balanoe left In the Treasury July l, IHRS, will he added 11,500,000 expected to reach the Treasury from new taxes by that period, from which total sum the entire appropriations made by the Oeneral Assembly for the next following fiscal year must be paid. It ia reasonable to suppose that such new appropriations will almost, if not Jiulte, reach the above total amount, and there-ore no large or unnecessary surplus remains in the Treasury. I am also directed by the Constitution to sub­ mit to you estimates of the amount of meuey required to be raised by tavatton for all par- poses for the next two years. My estimate ia aa fetlowe: Legislative Department $U9,500.00 Executive Department, including all the Executive bureaus, salaries, and expeasea.... 41%SM.S Judicial Department, salaries of Judges, StMe's Attorneys and ex- I tenses Conveying conviota to penitentiary.. Conveying «Mmota to Reform School Arresting fugitives from justice.... Publio jointing, blading, and p1 hat­ ing paper, and stationery for Oen­ eral Assembly and Executive De- partments State House, completion ... Illinois National Ouard.............. Northern Penitentiary--' Repairs and extra costs. Contingent fund Southern Penitentiary- Ordinary subsistence and expenses. New buildings EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT. Southern Normal University-- Ordinary expenses For new building, heating, light, and KK 130.00 50.0U0.00 8,000.00 36ieafc.w •1,000.00 831,712.00 auu.uou.oo 11,000.00 50,0011.00 176,000.00 S5.000.00 !«s,00fc«> mjnfcoo 937.13 000.00 50,000.00 furniture Illinois State Normal University-- For current expenses, including one> half iuterest on college and semi­ nary fund For building out-houses Illinois Industrial University-- For ordinary expenses and salaries.. For ordinary expenses and mainten­ ance ot inmates of four State Hoe- t pitals for the Insane, the Deaf and Dumb, Blind, and Feeble-Mlnded Asylums, the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, the Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, and the State Reform. School 1,74*^000.00 Contingent appropriation for the Illinois and Michigan Canal 40,000.00 For State school purpeaea, <1,000,000 per annum...... 2JXX),noo.OO Total. |6,4#1.646.41 The above does not include any estimate for the extra appropriations usually made to the charitable Institutions for new buildings, furni­ ture, improvements, eta. Cor the reason that I have no definite information on the subject,and the amount of Buch appropriations can only be conjectured. If the"Legislature follows the ex­ ample of several preceding Legislatures, appro­ priations for such purpose would probably amount to $500,000, bnt in my judgment no more than $;IOO,OOO will be needed. The estimate for the next two years la in­ creased, it will be observed, by these items ma­ terially : 1. The estimate contemplates the care of 1,500 more inmates of our charitable institutions than we have ever had before, chiefly owing to the increase of the capacity in the insane hospi­ tals, as shown hereinafter. 2. The estimate is increased by §172,500 for rebuilding the Southern Normal University. 3. The appropriation recommended for the Illinois National (iuara is Increased $150,000. ILLINOIS CENTRAL BAILBOAD FUND. During my term of offlce the reports made to je by the Illinois Central Railroad Company, semi-annually, ot 7 per cent, of the gross earn­ ings which that company is required by law to pay into the State Treasury have been aa fol­ lows : For six months ending April 30,1883. .$182,104.30 For six months aiding Oct 81.1883... 200,638.3® For six months ending April 90,1884.. 172,070.42 For six months ending Oct. 81,1884.... 184,60».20 ASSESSMENT OF TAXK8 FOB STATE PURPOSES. 1 desire to call the attention of this General Assembly to what I consider a growing evil arising out of onr State revenue laws. That is the varying and gradually decreasing amount of value of property In the State for taxable purposea. In 1874 tiw amount of taxable prop­ erty in the State, aa returned by the State Board of Equalisation, Was $1,194,4541,451. This sum gradually decreased from year to year until 1879, when it amounted to $734,623,550. It then be- ganlto Increase yearly until in 1883 it amounted to $817,904,721, while In 1884 It agam fell off to $809,169,803. In levying the assessment in 1883 of taxes for State purposes the State officers charged with that duty found it neces­ sary to levy only 32 cents on tne $100of taxation for State purposes, to raise the amount directed by the Legislature. But when we came to make the same levy to raise the same taxes iu 1884 we found we had $8,734,918 less taxable property on which to levy; therefore, we were csuvsikt! this year to levy 35 cents on the $100 in order to meet the same appropriation. This vacillation and uncertainty is attributable to a fault in our revenue laws. I therefore cidl the especial at­ tention of the Legislature to this evil, and ask that such remedies may be applied by legisla­ tion as the ca-e demands. EDUCATIONAL. Under the able supervision of the Superin­ tendent of Public Instruction, Hon. Henry Raab, the school system of the State has shown very satisfactory progress. His report shows that in two years the average wages of men teachers has increased from S-46.36 per month to $54.31, and of women trom $37.76 to $40 41. The amount spent for school houses has in­ creased from $770,000 to $1,100,000 and the total expenditures by school districts from $8,000,000 to $9,400,000. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. From the tenth United States census, June 1, 1880, it apjiears that in Illinois there were at that time insane, 5,134: ldiota, 4,170; bttBd, 2,615; deaf and dumb, 2,202; in ail, 14,121, not Includ­ ing the inmates of private charitable Institu­ tions. That number has probably increased since then in about the proportion ot increase of the population of the State. PENITENTXAIUES. It is with great pleasure that I am able to re­ port that the Northern Penitentiary at Joliet ia self-supporting so far as ordinary expenses are concerned. The $50,000 appropriated by the last General Assembly as a contingent fund has not been drawn npon at all. The reoommendatton of the Warden for an appropriation of $10,000 tor nooeasary repairs, ana |l,ooo additional for extra expense* on ao- char#e'c mfeatoOLlsJ* the «fery ftett at haa, under tba very able Inspeotorfaake.be tion. , , XEUTAKr Ifrana. The soth qf September. 18M,Jha mhanle Mfc. tional Oqard' number 4, organixed tntonjjaa lasl--snarf regiment of cavalry, thrar batteries tiUery, and one 4ctaefea6 flaauMnr1 These citizen State traona aa cipllne aad well armed, ft* Is ™ State would api tbe„ troops could be creditably maintained. Well knowing that propriatten of f*'-- In ihaiaafalli l earnestly recommended the appro $150,000 per anwnm, tad the military code so that pert of themoaey MM he used to purchase the regn^edenfiSKStm and other regular equipment*. STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. The recomratndatfcms whtah wHl be mads MM the General Assembly by the Board of for amendments to the laws by which It stituted and operated should be considered, and needful The regular appropriation sa-rssrv JS" irw&'&ss reguhtr appropriation for ordinarv UDaMee should OB $11,500 at least. A very Imnartant aubjeot for tne consideration of the Omend As­ sembly presents it-elf In-tMroonneettm. fiat- ado coolera has during the laat year.made fearful ravages among the population otHero- pean oountries, especially In Spain. Italy, and France. According to the usual hlî tory of thta scourge its course runs wtefc. > ward around the world. The of im reaching this country next summer are^ery great, and its frlghtlul visitation to the Catted Statea aan only be pt evented by extreme vig- ilanoe on the part ot both the National Goftn- ment and the States of the Union In, enforcing thorough quarantine regulatians. The State of Illinois should be thoroughly .prawsed. to meet this rotattaMcy thltoUgh the agency of He Board of- Health under pctoor regulations and equipped with an adequate appropriation to meet all einergemilea. To eoat- proteot northeastern frontiers by systematic iqipeeUon at railroad crossings ana bo t̂ landlnga would, in the estimation of the Secretary of tha Heard of Health, cost from $30,0< 0 to $83,000 if were acting alone in the mutter. Bnt I tafce it for granted that the National Govern menttwill do |t« whole duty in thf matter, and that OUier States east of us will co-opcrate ln protective K."srM,.rr£ of the Board of Health, te be uaad oo apcmval of the Governor only In case ot a cholera tt other tfcvagin# dtaeate 1 the lives and hagltpi oflarpe portions at tlw people of the State. ELECTION LA WS. , ; The recent attempt to control the election a( a State Senator Hi the Sixth Dfctftot, aa* to' secure control of the Legislature by bold, and dating changes and forgeries npon tM true returns of eleetiae ia a certiia paadnct of that district strongly sngge»(s tha aer eeesMy of reform tn ow election lb** by tfhfch the purity of popular elections may hajnore flrmlyeacured. On a »Wr a(ectK>n,liOneet count, and true returns ftata th*« whole fabrte of popular government. The laws regulating elections Should bo so t srlaitsd t̂hat uttM* people would feel secure In the potency af their right ef suffrage snd be assured that their Judgment and wishes ao expressed at the hiftet- box election day are not to be by .iny possibil­ ity overthrown by the isanlpuilaUoaa Of tha ballots -and returns by .common ham-?. < lars, thieves, forgers, and ballot-box rftuff- ers. In the amendment of tbe laws aa; keep pure and render Inviolable the freeman's sacrtd right ot sua rage all good aat Mould ssrlissr^.* "sssf *sr w election laws «t the Stat* are sack as to admit of an infinite variety of fmnda being perpetrated, many of which *uM uot legally be so easily defeated., lhave ao doubt whatever but that it isnot only thfe f ~ " com stand ot the law, by Imp that CsmvaesinK Boards _ r«Mm Known to tie true returns." awl Shall reject returns known to Ue lalee and fcsged. bnt that, every aense of right aim juatloe eommands itbem «o do II NgitMi ftave I tha allAteat doubt that tlm jmwor Ja vpstad. by the Constitution i.nd laws of1 the JKati tn. the Goveftaor to refuse to ' election to persons shown to have" ed cn retunis known and universally nd*rit- ted to be false and forged and not tha ex- presaloa of the will; of tae people U?roliM* ft suoh true aad Heal itaurns wwe out and their contents can h ably asecttalhfed. even If Clti do la vjontfjpu of hg turns, and thus attempt tn, conartratora a«ain«t: <tfce rights of the peoule to govern themaelves must be permitted to Maupi glad, however, to be able to the decision made by me as il retcrenee to «r<\ : otfter reiormi wuon buk im naneumi Of pMorlMfv tta: and sympathy wtth dMh* unimportant and inconsequential farttaaa sheets. I am especially pleased that It (taenia* bwiii Inifinunii lrr thn tirmoli and HitJOIIIS ali| ii those who were actively enga«M fee tks fraud aa conspirators er pecpetratan, or who expected to enjoy the praotaaf nahltfu by way ot political preferment. But this antton only meets oae of the many vnrtetlee' ef tSa outragea which may M indented by tha In­ genuity ot dishonest men. lathe aecret ballot, guarded onlv by loose and incompetent die- tion laws, Ilea the opportunity fas the per­ petration of an innumerable Variety At «iaeSm crimes. .• ?,»•- ; 1 recommend to your careful iiii'liliiisittp. a revision of election laws far the ruSOai ljtii purposes above Indicated. I also "lfltrrat thai, among other reforms whioh might be made with salutary as to pr power < tion predacts from making any preelnat that should contain within Its boundariaTmaSe than 300 legal, voters. Another great OMMKtat- nltv for evil practice lieTfa t̂he lawper- mittlng the swearimHa of unasdstmud .^fcs election day. The law should moure ttie registry of voters la awry precfaattfbeoiaa- pleted ten Oars halMpe the eleettaa.. .XHKansp Who were not wgEtered tfen dkyA^Mfare election sheald aat be petaaittall taivafta registry-list ahonld be a pubHo <* licly displayed for the ten <~ tion. If these remedies si sufficient to secure potty wad hoMatK of elections, then 1 cemmead ih> yfeuKfenn inl consideration the ̂ thMRht, ttha* «at* withstanding all these aafeeuarda thrown by law aroaad ileaMsaa I1M *ii»|m<Hitl| natural or morel Jdght it the «otat t» OMS a secret ballot. Tha'laur fftvea htm the legal AS. Inherent right of the Ursamaati pseeuiud by the secret ballot aad what aaawsald haste lated by requiring him to caet an open bal- captions innumerable? allowed In e opportunity < moteeted from Intimidation *sd {assit, --jf should he not vote aa open ballot which should be publicly announced either ' by himself or one ot tha election oBoars bsfoie the same waa depaaited In the box? Then hy al- "gtrictlQpa? aryyeygqa- QV® Ol QilwMK ptftlM Of WIQVCNI W be preeent and keep eeunt at ' each poll, neatly all chanca far tends and forgeries would be gone-. The result of elections would be known as soon as the pdM cloeed. The voter would be SUM that he waa voting the ticket and for the n an di dates of hla choice, and that hi$, ticket ljad,.not hr. some trick known to exports ra dishonesty at elections been eubstltatad for another in whioh the name of oae or ^ore candi­ dates were inserted whom he did npt .intend to vote for. Bribery and corruption at eleettoaa would soon become almost unknown, stneb by an open ballot the bribe taker would in most cases have to at onoa pubHcur advo tiae by his ballot strong evidence of Ms cotrupoen. Voters would be compelled to he each other, because the mask, would be torn away at the the open ballot, aad the fraud so -- fa-̂ practiced by aa Individual tmdtag his vofwtth a haKdwen #r nw. ettw vatst̂ oa a single candidate would be lu»: Repeating would be almost 1 the opportunity far detotsten . fold greater, fhaoooraoSoaef tjphaBjfr-l stuff er. tha poll-list and tally-sheet .target the professional eleetton-ftxer would be'sof) ' Joas M. HAMHTON-. OOVARTN A FORTrXK-TELLER iu CisCttfe claims to make f800 a week. m • * ,:H ' i ^ V,; I • a *<9 f~A •' V; fi l \ " c t s oiicn wuueu wiuuua, annua, ana ae- i Innumerable? If. the voter ahonld be in each precinct abundant time aad nlty ta vote la a riaaiilrtli wlna '̂fae. •-I 8 tm (W|i«