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,n; ^ i*. ; l^icIVcnvi) ^laiudcalcr J. VAN SLYKE. Editor and Publisher. McHENRY, ILLINOIS. LABORER ON KLKCWOX DAY. , ' « BT. j. G. WHITTIEB. - , , . • % *Tho proudest now is but-my pKKt " i The highest not more high ; A| * J, In-day. of nil the weary year. * -s* T * 7 A king of men am I. . ' jl • > ., JITo-day, alike are groat and small, <• jAj". Tho nameless and Xlie unknown; " 4 i*'.« My p&lacc is tlie people's hall, The ballot box my throne. * seTTes to-day upon the list • j ^ > Besides the served shall stand;, , 4&lik'< the brown and wrinkled AC^ ^ « The gloved and'dainty hand; - ~ f 'tTh^i'ich is leveled'with the podt, • / » • Tho weak is fit,nmg to-day; • . -iTho sloekest broadcloth counts no mort- . Than hemespun frock oj gray, ^Tfr-day let pomp and vain pretense.. My i-tubborn riwht abide; ... fcset a plain man's common sense * Against the pedant's pride. iTo-dnv shall simplcmanhood try The Ftrrngth of fold and land; p I'** ^tie wide world ha^not strength to buy1 The power in llijrrigiitrhand. '*$¥hile there's a prief to oeok redress, ' " •"> • Or balance to adjust; ' ^Vhil<- weighs our living manhood less Than mammon's vilest dust, . i * hile there's a right to need my vote, '-j wrong to sweep away, „ » •' '3PPI clout- d knee and lugged coat-- A man's a man tKday I • THE CITY IN THE raf l&eathkaa reared himself a throne In a strange city, lying alone < Jfcrdown within the dim West, "Where the good and the bad'and the worst and the best . . Have gone to their eternal rest. . • There shrines and palaces and towcci • {Time-eaten towers that tremble not) Resemble nothing that is ours. Around, by lifting winds forgot, Resignedly beneath the sky ' Ytie melancholy waters lie. There open fanes and gaping graves Yawn level with tho luminous waves, But not the riches there that lie In each idol's diamond eye-- Mot the gayly jeweled dead Tempt th> waters from their bed; For no ripples curl, alas ! Along that wilderness of glass-- ' No swellings tell that winds may be Upon some far-off. happier sea-- No heavings hint that winds have been Out aeaa less hideously serene. --Edgar Allen Poe. STATISTICS OF THE WAR. •ccord or the Casnalities Among Union Soldiers During the Rebellion. Sn Troops Furnished by the Several States and the Way Their "Ranks Were Decimated. „ Figures are not generally interesting to fee mass of readers, but there are very few, persons who will not become interested iu the staticiics of the war of the Rebellion. Very few persons have stopped to notice that the States and Territories contributed to the army of the Union nearly 3,5011, orO men, and fewer fersops have had oppor­ tunity to leain the losses bv death in the field, in hospitals of wounds received in action, or from disease contracted during service. Approximate reports of the num­ ber of troops furnished have been made «p by diligent* writers, who consulted the best sources of information they could reach. But until Adjutant Generai Drum. United States army, issued his report in 1880 there was no complete and trust­ worthy statement showing the number of men called for by the President and the •mmber furnished by each State. Territory, and th6 District of Columbia from April 15, 1861, to the close of the. Rebellion. This official statement supplies at a glance ab insight into the different States, enabling the observer to see which ones responded promptly and generously to the different «alls and which States lagged far behind. Vermont, a State that gave freely of the lives of its sons, furnished more mgn than •were required under the calls made upon it. So did Massachusetts, by more than 13,000; so did little Rhode Island, by 5.000. Connecticut sent more men than were de­ manded bjT 13,000. New York's quotas ag­ gregated more than 500,000, and the State •contributed 467,047 men for all terms of en­ listment, or 392,270 when all were reduced to a three years' standard. Delaware ex­ ceeded the demand made upon the State, and so did West Virginia, Indiana. Michi­ gan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri 0»y 13,<MKM, Kentucky. Tennessee, Arkan- aaw, and North Carolina. .The part borne in the \Y ar of the Rebellion by the colored troops is interesting in the light of the sta­ tistics of losses. Nearly 100.000 colored men were enlisted. Out of this great num­ ber the deaths in action were not many, bat the casualties of all kinds amounted to the extraordinary ration of more than 40 per cent. Disease preyed upon them frightfully, claiming for its victims nearly one out of three of the whole number tarnished to the army. A CABEFl'Ii RECORD. A short time ago Gen. Dru m completed * tabulated statement which is the com­ plement of that issued in 1880. In that statement, compiled in the War Department last, so far as known, are counted. The great body of volunteers was disbanded in 1 Si>5, but the reduction of the force after that time was not fully completed until late in 18<>7. The lost white organization was disl anded Nov. 18, 18(17, and the last col­ ored regiment, Dec. 20, 18(i7. The last officer of the volunteer general staff was mustered out July 1, LOSSES BY STATES, v v » * • It is not the purpose of the writef to do more than present-figures. They may pro­ voke controversy., which can be more ad­ vantageously carried on by those who care to ascertain the reasons why some States suffered greater losses than others, why the losses by diseases were larger among the volunteers from one section of country than from another.i-juid why there are so many variations from", the percentage of aggre­ gate losses int lie cases of several States, and in others a loss in excess ofHhe aver­ age percentage. The average percentage of loss; according to statistics of t he War Department, was 15.49, or about lo?r men to each 100 who took the field. The col­ ored troops lost, by all casualties, 40.13 per cent. That is uncomfortably near one-half of the whole number of volunteers of the class named. Next to the colored men the Indians, who volunteered to the number of upward of 3.500. were the greatest suffer - erers, losing 28 out of every 100. Tennes­ see's aggregate was more than a fourth of enlistments credited to the States. The loss of Arkansas was alffiest as high: Ala­ bama was not far behflfl Arkansas, and the loss of Louisiana, standing seventh, was more than 20 per cent. In fourteen States the aggregate losses exceeded the average aggregate loss. Among these States are Florida. Illinois. Indiana, Maine, Michi­ gan, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Wis­ consin. The smallest aggregate loss was that of .Washington Territory, which was but 2.28 per cent. The loss of the District of Columbia was but 2.02 per cent, and that of Dakota 2.91. In the w hole army during the term covered by the War Department statistics, there were 4.114 deaths from other accidents except downing. By drowning 4.944,soldiers lost their lives. Murder deprived 524 of their lives, and 100 were killed after capture. There were 391. deaths by suicide. Upon the decision of court-martial 2(57 men were executed, and sixty-four Union officers and men were ex­ ecuted by the Confederates, thirteen of whom were Arkansans, sixteen NortECar­ olinians, nine from Ohio, and eight from Vermont. Sunstroke caused 313 deaths. From other know n causes there were 2,034, andfrom unknown causes 12,121. AX INSTRUCTIVE TABUE. The following table shows in parallel columns the number of men credited to the States and Territories upon a three years' Standard, the actual number for the long and short terms being somewhat larger; the aggregate of losses by death from all causes: and the percentage of loss to the number of troops furnished. Among the Eastern States Connecticut, Massachiisetts, and Rhode Island lost less than the average number of men, while the losses of Maine, New Hampshire, and notably Vermont, ex­ ceeded the general average. The losses in the Middles States were up to the average, and that of New York was l^ss than that of Pennsylvania. The casualties among the the"Western troops exceeded the general average in Illinois. Indiana, Iowa, Michi­ gan. and Wisconsin. Mississippi's loss was relatively greater than that of Ohio. The loss of Iowa was nearly twice as heavy, relatively, as that of New Jersey: ap- foi were than 11,000 in the army, do not a pear to have been exposed in action, their losses are both actually and relatively very small. The California troops, through no fault of their own. perhaps, show alinbst as remarkable a record of immunity from danger, and it is explained by th6 fact that few of the California troops were brought to the East. Florida, with an aggregate loss higher than the general average, had a small percentage of loss in killed. BATTLEFIELD AND HOSPITAL Tlie table showing the number of "killed in action" and "died o„f wounds," with the percentage of those so lost as compared with the* troops 1 urnished on three years' standard, is as follows: A WORD OF TVARMNJ. Alabama Arkansas.. > California Colorado Connecticut Dakota. Delaware District of Colombia Florida. tinr.Tgia Illinois. Indiana,... Iowa Kansas. Kentucky.. Louisiana. .... Maine.... Maryland Massachusetts Michigan. Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska. Nevada • New Hampshire..... New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Orepon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Ti-niietsee. Texas " Vermont...'.; V i r g i n i a Wf-st Virginia Wit-cousin Washington T'y Indian Nation." Vet. IteB've Corps.;. U. S. Vet. Vol'n'trs.. I". 8. Vol. Enp'rs U. 8. Vol. Infantry.. Gens. & G. S. officers U. S. colored troops. Miscellaneous Begular Army 'Jri'opn fur- nixhtd,three ifeu/y>' xitind- aid. 1,611 7,8:*> 15 725 3,637 ' .. 50,0-23 206 10,322 . 11,506 1,290 214,133 153,576 68,630 18,706 70,832 4,654 56,776 41,275 124 104 80,111 19,693 .545 86.530 2,175 1,080 30,849 57,908 4,43-2 3!>ti.'270 3,150 240,514 1,773 2G5 517 17,806 26,391 1,032 •29,008 27,714 79,200 964 8,530 91,789 Total 2,320.272 Gratia ag- {tregate of towex from a t causct. 345 1,713 " 573 823 5,354 6 882 290 216 15 34,834 26,672 13,001 2,630 10,774 945 9,398 2.982 13,942 14,753 2,584 78 11,885 239 63 4,850 5,754 277 46,534 360 35,475 45 33,183 1321 6,777 141 6,224 42 4.017 12,301 22 , 1.018 1,672 106 £52 243 239 36,846 232 5,797 359,496 Per tent, of lots, 21.41 23.14 3.04 8.73 10.57 2.91 8 54 •2.52 16.66 io!i»i 17.36 18.94 14.0> 15.21 20.30 16.55 7.22 11.23 18.41 13.12 14.30 13.73 10.99 3.05 15.7-2 9.93 <>.-27 11.86 11.40 14.74 2.53 1-2.49 12.99 25.67 8.03 17.97 14.85 16.76 2.25 28.56 KILLED IN , ACTION. Of much greater interest than the foiego- ing table to soldiers of the late war is that which shows the losses of killed in action and the deaths from wounds received in action. This table furnishes no account of the many cases of death directly attributa­ ble to wounds _ ,, T ... Tr*. ., • i . but which have occurred l>y Mr. J. W. Kirkley, a mostminute record I since the period of the muster-out of the is given of the causalities among Union j last volunteers. Not quite three men in 100 4roop8 during the Civil War. Its prepara- of the whole army were killed outright upon turn was the result of a year's examination I the field of battle, but some of the States of the records of the Adjutant General s office. As completed, the table is believed to be the nearest approximation to the real toss now attainable. It gives the numbers, by States, of the officers and men tfho yrere killed in action, died of wounds *eceived in action, died of disease, acci­ dental deaths (except drowned), drowned, ttttudered, killed after capture, committed -oicide. executed by United States military authorities, executed by enemy, died from «anstroke, other known causes, and from causes not stated. The record of deaths among prisoners, as given bv Mr. Kirkley's fabl e, is not to be taken as accurate, as the records of Southern prisons in possession •of the War Department, are very incom­ plete. The death registers of some of the principal places of confinement for Union Soldiers have not been secured. None "were obtained for the Georgia prisons at .Americu-;, Atlanta. Augusta, Camp Ogle­ thorpe at Macon, Marietta, and Savannah; -Camp Ford, at Tyler, Tex.; Charleston, S. C.; Lynchburg, Va.; Mobile, and Mont­ gomery, Ala.; and Shreveport, La. Partial uecords only were obtained from Cahawba, Ala.; Camp Asylum at Columbia and Flor­ ence, S. C.; and Salsibury, N. .C.; and Millen, Ga. The heroes of the prison-pens communicated much information about sur- •wiving comrades, and the reports of burials in National Cemeteries supply many fig- .„.TOes. But these records, and those from ^confederate sources, now in possession of toe Government, are considered deficient. The interment records in Southern prisons •were very imperfect. In 18G'.* a repoit from the Quartermaster General's office, in wreaking of them, says: "It is rae]l known that in many places, HS for instance at Salis- /\lmry, N. C., and at Florence, S. C., the lx>dies were buried in trenches, often, two, three, sometimes four deep, so that the ac­ curate number of bodies interred at these places cannot be determined." It is for wis and like reasons that Mr. Kirkley says the report of 29,498 as the number of Union prisoners who died in Rebel hands " not accurate. A large number--12,121-- of cases are classed as having died from •Causes not stated. This column will "prob­ ably be reduced bv future investigations, <knt it is assumed that the aggregate result Irtll not be materially altered. The tables given by Mr. Kirkley cover a period, so far •s it affects the regular army, beginning April 15, 1861, and ending Aug. 1, 1865. For the volunteers it affects a longer period, yyering the time from muster in to muster except prisoners of war who died after ' 4be discharge <-f their commands. The ff,874 4,272 12,065 . 518 1,485 129 1,800 i>27 Alabama. Arkansas California...... Colorado. Connecticut. .. Dakota '.. Delaware.... f. District of Colu Florida. Georgia -/ Illinois......... Indiana.,.. Iowa ....... Kansas...... .. Kentucky...... I/ouisian*. Maine Maryland Massachusetts....,., 3.705 Michigan 8,798 Minnesota..........,;. 894 Mississippi Missouri. 2,191 Nebraska. ..v.. 30 Nevijwla . 2 New Hampshire. 1,054 New Jersey 1,004 New Mexico........... 57 New York .IS,-101 North Carolina.. j..2d Ohio.....,:..,........ 6,635 Oregon ' 10 Pennsylvania..9,880 Khode Island. . . ' .296 Tennessee..,. . ....... 466 Texas..., V •'•."8 Vermont.............. 1,001 Virginia.........'...,. 4 West Virginia. ....... 778 Wisconsin 2,385 Washiiwton Territ'y. In«.!inr> Nation Vet. Reserve Corpse. r. Sr. Vet. Vols....... F. S. Vol. Engineers. TT. S. Vol. Infantry .. Gens. Sr G. S. officers Colored Iroops Miscellaneous Regular Army Milled JXetl 1ii Per of 7Vr Oetfon. cent. xoounda. cent_ 19 1.17 30 1.86 ... 831 2.98 71 0.9) • 73 O.I0 33 0.'£> .. ;118 . 3.!» • as o.oi i,ifti 2.17 815 l.eo '.. 2 0.97 • * • • .. 207 2.00 176 *1.70 ia. 28 0.24 13 0.11 0.6SI 10 0.77 80 ,1 167 6 50 1,715 13 1,347 2.74 2.72 3.00 2.76 > 2.09 2.70 3.17 1.27 2.90 3.49 2.00 *2.54 1.33 0.18 3.41'. 2.37 1.28 3.08" 0.91 2.84 0.56 3.53 1.05 1.76 0.4S 3.65 ;i80 3.00 '2! 40 1.86 Total 67,030 4,020 2,971 1,475 219 993 83 1,411 382 2,410 1,650 232 3 1,120 5 "«L7 914 16 6,984 14 4,753 1 5,943 164 278 " 4. 748 , 6 . '469 1,417 " ai 26 1 96 6 .15 1,179 . 3 43,000 1.85 1.87 1.98 2.14 1.11 1.40 1.82 2 4(1 0.92 1.94 2.05 1.18 0,55 1.30 0.22 &05 1.57 -»0.36 yl.68 0.44 ltf>7 03>5 1.-24 0.92 ' 1.05 0.-24 2.57 " i.'f)9 1.77 "asp "DIED OF DISEASE." Of all the foes of the soldier, that which should have most terrors for him is dis­ ease--a foe that assails him unseen, and which has for its allies the neglect of per­ sonal cleanliness, bad drainage of camps, insufficient and irregular supplies of food, bad clothing, the forced march under the scorching sun, the miasma of the swamp, and the Unregulated use of stimulating drinks. The record in the table of "Died of Disease" is an extremely interesting one. Nearly ten in 100 of all the 2.500.000' men enlisted in the armies of ti e Union fell by disease. It was disease, not the bullet of the Kebel soldiery, that created such fear­ ful havoc among the colored troops. While they lost less than 2 per cent, killed upon the field of battle, ami not 1A per cent died from wounds, the loss from disease was more than 32 per cent, or nearly one-third of the whfile number of enlistments. Al­ most as susceptible to disease as the col­ ored men were the troops furnished by the Indian nations. Their losses in killed were nearly up the general average, but their rec­ ord of death from disease--21.95 percent. --was more than twice as heavy as the aver­ age loss to the whole army. The superior­ ity of the Northern troops over the South­ ern in ability to cope with the invisible foes of the soldier is plainly indicated. Ten­ nessee suffered a loss by disease of nearly one-fifth of the number of men furnished. Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, and Louisiana appears to haye lost more than the general average, while the troops of Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, and Texas stand as well upon the record as some of the Eastern States. The record of all the Eastern States is below the gen­ eral average, showing that the soldiers from that section were either harder or healthier than some of their comrades, or that they ere not exposed to conditions as trying to health. The Middle States appear to have sent men into the field who withstood dis­ ease well, for their losses of that sort were far under the general average. On the other hand, the losses by disease among the troops from the West, except those from the States of Minnesota and Ohio, were in each instance in excess of tiie general aver­ age. Iowa's loss being 13.1* per cent. The table of losses by disease is as follows: . suffered beyond that general average. The general average of deaths on the field was 2.88. A glance along the column will show that the soldiers of Vermont must have found many and trying opportunities for. fatal distinction. Vermont lost more heavily in proportion than any other State , in both "killed in action" and "died of wounds." Next to Vermont comes Pennsylvania with a record of 3.53; or seven men slain in ac­ tion out of every 200 who faced the enemy. Yet Pennsylvania's loss of men who died of wounds was small, while New Hampshire, which lost 3.41 per cent killed, shows 2,*15 per cent, as dying from wounds received in action. Michigan lost 3.49 per cent, killed in action, and 2.05 per cent, died of wounds, or more than five out of every 100 tpen. New York's loss of 3.08 per cent. Silled outright exceeded the general average, but not Pennsylvania's average. While New York lost more men by death from wounds, the losses by both States'in killed and wounded were the same, or nearly five out of every hundred. The losses in killed by Illinois and Indiana were but a trifle less than those of New York and Pennsylvania, and the losses of the two States were but slightly different, that of Indiana being greatest. In the table of aggregate losses it was shown that the Southern States of Ala­ bama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Tennessee contributed to the death-rolls a very much larger percentage than any of the Northern or Western States. A third table will be necessary to explain this circumstance, for in action the troops supplied by those States met with very small relative losses indeed. Tennessee, with an aggregate loss of nearly 26 per cent., or one-fourth of all the men enlisted in^he name of the State, lost less than three m 100 killed or cied of wounds This loss was but slightly under the general average. Louisiana, with an aggregate loss of more than 20 per cent, from all causes lost but 2.70 killed, and 1.82 died from wounds. A significant line is that showing the loss of the troops of the Indian Nation to have been 2.40 per cent, in killed, while the first table shows their loss from all causes to have been more than 28 per cent And still more significant and eloquent is the showing that the negro troops lost but 1.86 per cent, in killed, while more than 40 per cent, of the colored troops furnished were consigned to the grave as soldiers. Decimation, a word used freely and often extravagantly to describe great losses, is but a feeble inivdequate term to apply in at­ tempting to convey an idea of the terrible losses among the black troops. The Dis trict of Columbia troops, of ^rhich there rued of dineane.~ Alabnma... Arkansas C a l i f o r n i a . . . . . . . . . : olorodo nnecticut Dakota lawaro Dis. of Columbia. Florida. Georgia Illinois, Indiana. Iowa ' Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts... Michigan Minnesota Mississippi....... Missouri Nebraska......... Nevada. New Hampshire.. New Jersey ew Mexico New York North Carolina... hio Oregon " ennsvlvania.... Khode Island nnessoe Texas ermont irginia Wrst Virginia.... Wisconsin Washincton T'y.. Indian Nation.... et. lies. Corps.. . S. Vet. Vols... . S. Vol. Kng'r.i. H. Vol. Inf. Gen. & Gen. staff officers TJ. S. col. troops.. M i seel laneous.... Hegular Army.... Officer 1 12 310 213 107 27 121 3 59 25 66 78 26 iis 2 "37 28 5 345 4 274 'ire 76 44 1 20 105 2 18 26 3 3 2 .143 138 Men. 249 1,250 336 117 3,010 4 421 189 • 187 13 22,47(5 17.572 8,906 1,647 7,122 636 5,739 1,782 6,947 9,459 1,810 66 9,350 158 29 2,684 2,806 139 24,200 261 21,447 21 15,716 716 5,192 101 3,051 29 2,475 7,963 10 757 1,398 79 269 200 29,618 200 2,985 TVn Total. Cent. 250 15.51 1,262 16.00 344 2.18 120 3.24 .3,068 0.06 4 1.94 431 " 4.18 194 1.68 189 14.18 22,786 10.64 17,785 11.58 9,013 13.14 1,674, 8.91 7,243 10.-22 639 13.73 5,798 10.21 1,807 4.37 7,013 5.65 9,537 11.90 1,836 9.22 66 9,468 10.94 160 7.31 - 29 2.68 2,721 8.82 2,834 4.89 144 3.27 24,545 6.25 265 8.39 21,721 9.03 21 1.12 15.904 5.(11 • 732 4.09 5,236 19.83 102 6.25 8,083 10.60 29 2-,495 9.00 8,068 10.17 12 1.24 775 21.95 1,424 82 272 202 143 29,756 32.41 200 3,002 Total. 2.79." '221.791 224 586 It is an interesting fact, which may be ex­ plained by those who can throw light upon the subject, that while the colored troops lost nearly 37*000 men, only 291 of them died prisoners in Rebel hands. Ohio, which^lost nearly 33,000 men, left 2,711 men to die in possession of the enemy. Of New York's loss of 46,000, 5,546 were pris­ oners. Pennsylvania, with a record of 33,- 000 dead, shows that '2,700 of that number died prisoners. Illinois lost nearly 35,000 men, and of these there died in Itebel pris­ ons nearly 2,000. Yet the colored troops more than 91,000 of whom were in the field, showing an aggregate loss of nearly 37,000, only report 291 men as dying in the hands of their captors. Of these thirty-four died from disease, twentv-five were killed after capture, one--an officer--was executed by the enemv, and 123 died from unknown causes. ^Either the colored troops were not exposed to capture or the conclusion must be forced'that the enemy allowed colored men to escape or treated them without quarter.--Chicago Tribune. Advice to Americana Who Arc Tempted by thn "U*rK»ln" Pcddlerx of 1'ariN. And here let me venture another word of warning, in addition to the one about autographs, which I hope may be useful to my traveling countrymen. Be on your guard against all those itinerant venders who call at your lodgings with so-called bargains, which, for men, are * contraband cigars--pure cabbage-leaves--pipes having belonged to some dist^ngushed personages--I was let in once with "Gen. Bern's meer­ schaum"--and fancy cravats; and for ladies' handkerchiefs, lace, and cur­ tains.- Everything is a mere catch­ penny. Half the time they are stolen goods, for buying which you risk being treated as a receiver. Not infrequently their sale is a de­ vice of the enemy to take the topo­ graphy of your apartment with an ulti­ mate view of its robbery; and even when the seller is honest--that is to say, when he is not the burglar's or the shoplifter's delegate, he palms off his gull articles that have been picked up by him at some auction of "slightly damaged goods," and which, when examined after they have been paid for, turn out to be vastly inferior to what can be procured at half their cost from any respectable Parisian trades­ man. A regular association with a view to exploit the credulity of foreigners exists in the trench capital, and has its ramifications all over the continent, with male and female agents, who operate on the unwary with the con­ nivance of your concierge or of the waiter at your hotel, who share tho profits of the transaction, esteeming all strangers, and especially American strangers, as creatures who have been created and brought into the world simply to be the prey of impostors and charaltans. Turn a deaf, ear, O, my compatriots, to these applicants for your patronage, chSrm they never so wisely, for they have honeyed tongues, and if you listen to their song will cheat you in spite of your better judg­ ment. Never mind if they do tell you that they have been recommended by a friend of yours. Sometimes they have been by people who, in order to get rid of their importunities, give them a list of their acquaintances. Oftener they have oopied the names which appear in the travelers' list of the Anglo-Ameri­ can newspapers; but, whether they have been recommended by any one, or have forged a recommendation for themselves, kick them out, unhesitat­ ingly, for they will not sue you for as­ sault and battery, as they hugely dread any investigation, mostly haying un­ favorable judicial antecedents; if you do not you will risk the robbery of your apartment, not infrequently com­ plicated v/ith a murder, and at the very least you are safe to be swindled.-- Paris Cor. Chicago Tribune. : * • Superstitions Concerning Eclipses. From time immemorial, and to the present day, most peculiar ideas have been entertained in different parts of the world about eclipses and their <ause. The Hindoos believe that a black demon seizes the moon with its claws, and as long as darkness prevails the air is filled with lamentations, men, women, and children entering the rivers, where they remain up to their, iieck in water until the return of the light. The Siame'se priests (talapoins) be­ lieve that when the moon its eclipsed a great dragon is devouring it, and in or­ der to oblige him to let go his prey they make all sorts of abominable noises. The Chinese, like the Laplanders, are unconvinced that an eclipse is the work of demons, and make a great hubbub to frighten them away. The Komans believed the eclipses to be the work of magicians, and that a great noise could prevent them from hurting the moon. Plutarch says that Aglaoice, during an eclipse of the moon which she had predicted, persuaded the Women of Thetsalica that by her magic songs she had not only the power to darken the moon, but to oblige it to de­ scend upon the earth. The (Greeks and the inhabitants of Asia Minor stood in such awe of eclipses that, according to Herodotus, in the year (510 B. C., while a battle between the Lydians and the Medes was raging, an eclipse of the sun occurred, as pre­ dicted by Phales of Millet. It not only put an end to the fight, but the con­ tending parties hastened to make peace, cementing the treaty by the marriage of Aryenis to Astyages. If we now turn to America, we find that the Peruvians, Mexicans and oth­ ers stood in great awe of the pheno­ menon. The Peruvians, particularly, dreaded the eclipse of tho moon; they imagined that Luna was suffering from one of the mysterious diseases to which she was supposed to be subject, and feared that the queen of night might burst open and fall upon them. To avoid such a terrible calamity, and awaken her from the lethargy, they would sound loud instruments, shout at the top of their voices, and beat the dogs to make them howl. The Mexicans imagined that eclipses occurred in consequence of a family squabble between the sun and the moon, and that the moon was wounded in the fray. The frightened men observed rigorous fasts, the women inflicted cor­ poral punishment on themselves, and young girls drew blood from their arms. In Yucatan, tho most interesting State of Mexico, the descendants of tho Mayas are convinced that when Luna loses her brilliancy she has sickened in consequence of being bitten by some large and very spiteful ants called Xulabti, and that they will devour her if she is left without help. To frighten away her enemies they beat drums, Wow shell trumpets, sfcout, beat their dogs, pinch the eats' tails, and fire rockets and guns toward the moon. Creinatioib The Greeks practiced both inhuma­ tion and cremation without much dis­ tinction. Democritus opposed crema­ tion in the hope of an easier resurrec tion. The fact that Democritus w&s a believer in a future life has made him a tower of strength for future Christ­ ians. Heraclitus, however, considering fire as the universal element, favored the burning of bodies in the hope that the flames which purify everything would purify the soul as well. A MAN who has never had teeth is living in Sumpter County, Georgia. ; He is sixty-nii? r years old. The Small Boy. And now the delightful season is at hand when the small boy, the carefully trained child of church-going and God­ fearing parents, though he have plenty- of juicy, ripe, and succulent grapes upo$ the vines in his own yard, doth risk much to climb the picket fence into his neighbor's demesne, and with much quaking and trembling, by the half light of the moon, doth feel cautiously around among the leaves till his hand couieth in contact with the cool clusters, and he doth stealthily fill his hat with the ill-gotten spoils, shivering with terror all the while lest the neighbor's watchdog shall scent him from afar, and shall perforate the slack of his unmentionables. And when he hath gathered all the bunches that his tile can hold, he doth creep back to the fence, and climb softly over it, and then doth sit himself down in the gloomy shadows of the bushes to enjoy his hardly earned plunder. And lo! though the grapes which he liath hooked be unripe and even sour unto I'M taste, and the pulp thereof be al­ most inseparable from the skin, the small boy doth greedily devour them, and doth enjoy hid holy feast, yea, a thousand-fold more than if he were partaking of the rich, pulpy fruit that groweth within his lawful reach. And he devoureth the whole hatful, that not even a single grape be lost. And next day the small boy liethsick in bed, sick even unto death in his own mind, and he doth imbibe castor oil and rhubarb till his little stomach resembleth an apothecary shop. And lo! his illness is a mystery unto his family, until perchance the pathetic pile of grape skins under the shrub- berry is discovered by the hired man. And then the whole transaction cometh out into the bright sunlight of pub­ licity. And the small boy is no longer petted and coddled, but he is given an­ other big dose of castor oil and rhu­ barbs o Yea, he is altogether wretched.-- SotnniervilleJournal. At Herat. The walls were lined with people, who, after the fashion of Orientals, welcomed us silently. Astonishment seemed at first their chipf feeling on the subject. Guards were posted at close intervals in all open spaces and main streets, and the clash of salutes was incessant. Whe rode quickly throught to the quarters assigned to us. These were in a large ' roomy building with a square courtyard in front, but with no particular pre­ tensions, architecturally or otherwise. Three magnificent rooms were painted bright jfiirple, blue, and yellow, re­ spectively, or our occupation, and the gold leaf was laid on the cornices so thickly that it appeared in danger of peeling off from its very weight. The floors were thickly carpeted, but the furniture was scanty, for the % reason that Horati folk never use furniture themselves and are not in the habit of entertaining European visitors. From the roof of the house a magnificent view of the city and citadel was to be ob­ tained. We were anxious to see all we could, andfour time was limited, so, af­ ter taking possession, we started again for the main bazaar and the Charsoo. The city is very nearv a mile square and the bazaar intersects it from North to South and from East to West. Thus two niain thoroughfares cross about the center of the city at the Charsoo-- a sort of central-domed arcade. The bazaar is roofed in from end to end; consequently it is rather dark. It is also very narrow -only about twelve feet wide, in parts extending perhaps to eighteen or twenty at the utmost. These great covered streets were thronged with people; Heratis, Ivabulis, Turcomans, with men of Scinde and Hindostan, were there. And at every 100 or 150 yards was the inevitable guard (aJways on duty, we are told, and not at all there on our behalf), whose attempts to present arms at the various words of command given in English (among wwich I distinctly heard "Stand at ease") resulted in a flourish of their weapons to the front, which still further narrowed the way. It was difficult to ride along two abreast.-- Blackwood's Magazine. Paying a Wedding Fee. The Bev. Mr. S., of Lowell, is as often called upon as any other pastor in the city to tie the conjugal knot. Several years ago he was waited upon one evening by a young man, a stranger, who requested his presence at No. 40 Blank street. He reached No. 40 Blank street in good time, made known the objeot of [lis visit, and was introduced to a lodger who turned out to be the party in question. He invited the clergyman to walk up to his room, when the land­ lady with that keen interest in things matrimonial, characteristic of the fe­ male mind, tendered the use of her parlor for the occasion. The young man disappeared and shortly returned, supporting on his arm a comely young woman, whom he presented to the minister and the lanU^ lady as the bride-elect. The twain were soon made one, in tho stately and impressive manner for which our clergyman is noted, and the usual awkward pause ensued. The silence was broken by the groom, who inquired of Mr. S. if he was fond of dogs, and cn being assured that lie was the young man vanished to the upper regions and returned, fol­ lowed by a small terrier. This animal was put through a va­ riety of tricks, expert and amusing, and the reverend gentleman then arose to take his departure (and his fee). The bridegroom assisted him on with his overcoat and remarked: "Well, now, Mr. S.f you've married me; that's your trade. I showed my trick dog to you; that's my trade. You usually get $5 for putting up your job, I get as much for an evening's' entertainment with Nep; I guess we are about square, ain't we?" Mr. S. assured the gentleman that the exist ng relations between them wero of the squarest possible kind,and, expressing a polite hope that the groom would derive as much pleasure and profit by his part of the transaction as he had done from his, withdrew, the gainer by a new experience.--Detroit Free Press. . " A Short Homily on Childhood. "Now, Bobby," warned the old gen­ tleman, as the family sat down to din­ ner, "you mustn't bother Mr. Featherly with your foolish questions. In the presence of older people little boys should be seen, not heard." "I was only going to ask him one?" said Bobby, with and injured air. "All right, Bobby," laughed Feath­ erly, very much amused, "go ahead. You mustn't be too hard on Bobby, Mr. Hendricks," he continued, turning to that gentleman, "little boys are all alike; the world to them is full Of the strange and inexplicable! And after all, what are we but children of a lar­ ger growth? Er--what is it, Bobby, that you want to ask me?" "I was goin' to ask you about your, eyes." „ "My eyes ?" "Yes. Pa says that a silver dollar to you looks as big as a cartwheel."--New York Sun, A Terrible Disappointment. Wife (to ^husband)--"A boy at the door just left this note. It's addressed sto you and marked 'Present.' " I Husband--"'Present?' I don't know who could be sending me a present. Did the boy bring anything else?" WTife (excited)--"No, perhaps the present is in the note. Maybe it's a check." Husband "(opening the note)--"No such luck as that." (Beading.) '^fTm. 'Please pay boy amount due.' This ain't no present. Tell the boy I'm out" --Harper';n Bazar. SAN FRANCISCO fisherman say the seals and sea-lions in the harbor must go, Bince they consume 44,000 tons of fish a year--enoivgh to supply the whole city. ' Rival Statesmen. The student of history cannot have failed to note how often,- in the public life of nations, two rival statesmen loom up far above the rest, and contend with each other for the highest prizes and power in the field of poliuics. These statesmen are usually pitted against each other a* the leaders of hostile parties, and confront each other at the head of contending political hosts, liivals to each other, they have no ri­ vals in their own party camps. They are like the warlike champions of old, who used to contend hand-to-hand, se­ lected for their powers, and represent­ ing the two armies which looked on in­ active while they fought. The most conspicuous recent exam­ ple of this sort of rivalry between(two prominent political champions is that of Gladstone and Disraeli. Each was the undisputed chief of his party for many years. They for a long period confronted each other on opposite front benches of the House of Commons. Each recognized in the other his onlv antagonist, nnd an antagonist worthy of the highest effort of his genius. The long series of contests between Gladstone and Disradi derived a greater interest from the striking contrast be­ tween their characters and talents. Gladstone fervent, impassioned, earn­ est, copious in language, vehement in attack; Disradi cool, brilliant, with clean-cut, polished sentence, perfect command over himself, and sparkling with wit. and irony; their contests were full of variety, as well as vigor and in­ tensity. In France the same sort of rivalry long existed between Guizot and Thiers, AY ho in turn were Premiers in the time of Louis Philippe, In their case the two rivals were distinguished men of letters, as well as orators and states­ men of high rank. Each had written histories of great and permanent value. But the contrast between the charac­ ters of Guizot and Thiers, as well as their personal appearance was as marked as in the case of Gladstone and Disrteli. Guizot was -Cold, asture, stately, and formal; he was tall and spare, and his bearing was haughty. Thiers, on the other hand, was a little, thick-set, nervous, fiery man, full of im­ petuous action, and thoroughly French in his vivacity and ardor. In our own history, two instances of rival statesmanship quickly come to mind. One was that, early in our political history, between Hamilton, the champion of federalism and a strong central government, and Jefferson, the advocate of States' Bights, and a thorough-going democracy. But these two, though rivals in the Cabinet and before the people*, did not meet as rival orators in Congress. Their rivalry was therefore less dramatic than arn the rivalries of hostile orators in public as­ semblies,^ The other American instance was that of Webster and Clay. They bo;h be­ longed, it is true, to the Whig party; and there was anotlur stateman, Cal­ houn, whoso fame and powers ap­ proached nearly to the r3. Yet Web­ ster and Clay led two different sections of the Whigs; and for many years their attitude toward each' other was that of the keenest rivalry, which broke out in splended oratorical contests on the floor of the Senate. At present no such rivalry exists in any country with parliamentary insti­ tutions. But, looking at English poli­ tics, at least, there seems to be a pro­ mise that before many years havo passed, the brilliant radical chief, Mr. Chamberlain, and the dashing young Tory orator, Lord Randolph Churchill, may be seen thus pitted against each other, conspicuous above all others in their respective parties. •-- Youth'a Companion. The Sjntion Agent's Blacking. "I was station agent," said he, "at a little place on the line between Ivansas and Missouri. There were abo#t twenty houses scattered through the fields, and the main reason for the train Stooping there was to get water. I had a little shanty near the track where I slept and worked the telegraph instrument. "The night express went through at about 12:20, and I was half dozing in my chair one night when three men came in and asked what time the train passed. I saw at on e that they were border roughs of the worst stripe. They all wore belts holding a couple of six-shooters apiece, and had been drinking just enough to put them in that dangerous stage when a man can change from funny to ugly in a sec­ ond. "Well, I pretended to pay no atten­ tion to them, and prosently got out my blacking kit and began to polish my boots. One of the fellows strolled up to where I was doing it and stuck a pis­ tol against my head. 'Black my boots,' he said. „ I would have liked to black both his eyes, but I swallowed my wrath and gave his boots a fine polish. Ho kept the pistol to my head all the time, and when it was done stuck it in his belt and walked off laughing. "I was boiling over. In my desk was a big Colt revolver. I secured that and waited for him. Meantime all three had gone outside. Presently my man came in again and began to look at a map on the wall. When he turned round he was gazing into my revolver. " 'Throw up your liandd,' I said. He did so, instantly. " 'Pay me for blacking your boo„ts.' "'How can 1,' he said, 'with my hands in the air ?' " 'Tell me where your money is,' I said, 'and I'll get it.' "'In my vest pocket,--ydu!' he An­ ally replied. "I felt in his vest pocket and took out a roll of bills. I selected a twenty and put the rest back. Then I discov­ ered that I had an elephant on my hands. I didn't dare to let him lower liis hands, and I couldn't stand there and hold him, for his companions were liable to come in at any moment. Finally I backed him into a heavy closet and slammed the door. Then I jumped out the. window and made tracks through the cornfield. "I didn't return until after the train had left, and by that timo they were gone. However, I got my full revenge by telegraphing to the next station, which was a place of sonsiderable size, to arrest the three. They proved to sJ)e fugitives from justice, and I think they eventually got into the penitenti­ ary. "-- The Comet. We've All Been There. "I am sorry to hear that you used- profane language yesterday morning," said Deacon Dewgood to Farmer Fur­ row. "Wal, I couldn't help it." "Oh, yes you oould. No man is jus­ tified in giving vent to profanity, no matter what the provocation may be." "But I dropped m.f collar-button while dressing, and couldn't find it." "Well, that alters the case. Of course you couldn't help swearing a little. I've been there myself." "A PRETTY woman has ruined more than one church," says Sam Jones.* PITH AND POINT, THE milk of human kindness usually sheds a pretty thin quality of-cream.-- White Hall Times. A GOOD way to slap an enemy on both cheeks at the same time is to buy his boy a drum.--Chicago Ledger. ..i' "THESE is a balm for those that weep;. < » • A rest for weary pilgrimo found," And yet a fellow cannot sleep Because Tom Feline la not drowned. '--Washington Hatchet. MOST women in decorating their hats, neckB, and feet, forget, at the same time, to decorate their heart.-- Carl Pretzel's Weekly. VASSAR girls consume forty bushels of onions in a year. That is one of their strong points. They know that in onion there is strength.--Texes Sift- ings. WHEN a man builds a house, although he may be very careful about the whole of it, he takes more panes with the win­ dows than with all the rest.--Texas Si/tings. A PHILADELPHIA paper suggests that something good be said of Legislatures when they adjourn. And it could all be embodied in one word: "Adjourned." --Detroit Free Press. A SCIENTIST says there are 128,000 hairs on a man's head. This is, of course, before he has solved the arith­ metical pons asinorum of one and one making one.--St. Paul Herald. THAT Iowa judge, who decided that a man was bound to tell his wife where he had spent the evening, waa innocent enough to be cut up into veneers for babies' caskets.-- Fall River Advance. THE revised version has it that "all is vanity and a striving after wind." There must have been theatrical man­ gers in those days as well as now, whose greatest object in life WUK the newspaper "puff."--Peck's Sun. ̂ A MAGAZINE writer says the Indians are increasing in number. This must be an error. Not nearly so many Indians standing in front of cigar stores to-day as there were twenty-five years ago. The girl of the period and base­ ball player have crowded them out.-- Norrisloicn Herald. AT a log cabin on the edge of a clear­ ing, the preaelier being a guest at din­ ner, the tow-headed boy with the im­ pulsive candor of youth blurts out: "Marm, here's a hair in the bread." "It's not a hair, Johnny," says the nerv­ ous mother; "it's only a corn silk." "Corn silk nothin'," says Johnny, hold­ ing it up and giving it a sharp look; "it's got a nit on it."--Chicago Ledger. PKOF. PROOTOB says the great Falls of Niagara will never disappear. The Professor's assertion will afford a great deal of comfort to the hotel keepers at that place. They had been informed by another scientist that the Falls would be a very insignificant affair 30,000,000 years henjjje. They can now go to work and fix up their establish­ ments for a long stay.--Norristown Herald. JILTED. Behold his woeful mien. Hi s eyes so lustreless I 'Tis plainly to be Been The youth is in dfBtress. His gloomy j'ort displays Tlio sorrow in his breast; He wttl lis in lonely ways. He seeks but Hilda no rest. Oh! what has changed him BO? How has this come to pass? o Who brought» n him this woe? '? Alas! it was a lass. / --Boston Courier. ^ AT SIXES AND SEVENS. "I wear No. 15"--and she looked at her hand-- 'Twas the hand of a goddess, even. "And yours, I suppose"--and she shot him a glance-- "Are a something over seven." "NoI only just over six," ho said. As ho placed his hand upon hers. "Why, really," Bhe laughed, "if that btDO, You certainly ought to take honors." "Oh! give them to mo and I'll take them, dear.*' Hlie l'K>ked demure; aid--just, heavers, His mustache went rushing against her lips-- 'Twas a case of sixes and sevens. T-.Boston Globe. SCENE: A railway carriage. Per­ sonages: ' The mother; the child. The Child --What's making this noise? The Mother--The carriage, dear. Child-- Why? Mother--Because they're mov­ ing. Child--How? Mother--It's the engine drawing them. Child--What engine? .Mother--The oue in front of the train/ Child--"Why's it in front of the ttain ? Mother--To draw the train. Child--What train ? Mother--The one we're in. Child--Why does ' the enprine draw the train? Mother--Be- catise the driver makes it. Child-- What driver? Mother--The one on locomotive. Child--What locomotive ? Mother--The one iu front of the train! I've just told yon. Child--Told me what? Mother--Hold your tongue! You worry me. Child--Why do I worry you? Mother--Because ask me too many questions! Child--What questions? Mother--O, good heavens I No wonder so many men won't marry. --Punch. The Pie of the Past. George Augustus Sala tells his Lon­ don friends ttiat everything in America lias improved enormously of late, ex­ cept the quality of the pie. This is true. There is no use denying that the American pie is a mere farce upon ita former self. The brittle, flaky crust which en­ folded the pie in the golden age of its career is only a tender recollection. The delicious apple pie, served hot, with a lump of fresh butter and a bowl of cold milk which the skimmer has not robbed, is a vision of the past. The mince pie of to-day ia an emaciated, sneaking ghost of its once corpulent self, and the pumpkin pie of the pres­ ent is a lean shadowy satire upon an institution which in tho days of our grandfathers was honored and beloved among the things truly great. There is no pie to-day. There are clumsy combinations of badly cooked fruit and soggy dough which pass for pie, and which an ignorant world tolerates and eats, but pie in its purity and delicacy ho longer exists. Mr. Sala is right--The American pie is drifting backwards to barbarism and oblivion.--Philadelphia Press. Bargain in Silks. Clerk (to proprietor)--"What is the selling price of that new lot of black silk opened this morning? Mrs. S.-- wants to know." Proprietor--"Jlrs. S is a nui­ sance; she always complains about the price of goods, and yet never buys; tell her $1.50 a yard; it cost $2." Clerk (to Mrs. S )--"One dollar and a half a yard, madame." Mrs. S---- (feeling the silk)--"It seems high at $1.50; however, you may cut me off twenty-two yards."-- New York Times. a *™ p Not for Reading. "You have plenty of reading here," said a visitor to the literary editor, pointing to a pile of books on the edi­ torial desk. "These are not for reading," replied the editor; "they are for reviewing."-- Boston Courier. KIT CARSON'S son lives at Albuqom* que on a government pension.