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* » « - fran U»m*m i wttk i. oow the ..... **•»!» Mtttftii tif !ti» lomtotlv* works tlio lu tha full., I *Ut«i, lit! A PATHKit wl»<» I'MII educate Mid wont «4aoat* intuit tm ma<le to edtwtte: A * Big Rapids. Midi., man haa been pro* • aecuted for keeping his son oat of school and required to give a $100 bond J that he will semi the boy to school twenty weeks in the year. V MRS. GBANT has' just received from the publisher a check for $33,384.53 as additional profits on the sale of "Gen­ s' eral Grant's Memoirs." She has thus | received up to date a total of $394,- • 459.53. The financial success of Grant's I book is unprecedented in the history of ! literature. MRS. JOHN TYLER, once A bride of : the White House, has been calling on % Mrs. Cleveland and reciting some spark­ ling reminicscences of her early married , life as the wife of a President. She : has five children and a beautiful young granddaughter. Her home is in Yir ginia, on the James River, and she re' | tains much of the beauty of her youth. PHOF. GEOKGE DAVIDSON, of San Francisco, has been connected with the ? United States Coast and Geodetic Sur- ; vey for forty-two years. In 1850 he i was sent to the Pacific coast to take charge of an astronomical and tri angulation party, and he has made his headquarters there ever since. He pre­ sented the report on Alaska which . finally led to the purchase of that terri­ tory. ' , A ROCKLAND, Me., editor is gunning for the type-setter who upset one of his finest sentences, "the well-trained and cultured voices of the excellent choir showed to the best advantage in the anthem, 'When Morning Purples All the Sky.' " The choir was horrified on the appearance of the paper to find the title of their star piece to be " When Mourning Puppies Fill the Sky.* WILLIAM T. WALTERS, of Baltimore, values his art collection at more than $1,000,000. Mr. Walters is a Pennsyl- vanian of Scotch-Irjsli ancestry. His love for art has been the ruling passion of his life. The first $5 he ever spent was for a picture. Every year he put aside a part of his income for art pur­ chases. The result has been a private art gallery which many critics consider the most harmonious and beautiful in the world. 7 A NEW YORK hotel proprietor who looks after his guests has observed that -Senators and members of Congress who stop with him usually have business in Wall Street and infers that they are interested in stocks. It is the easiest thing in the world to be mistaken. The statesmen, without doubt, visit the street to observe the evil effects of speculation and ascertain if there be no way in which the great national (*unb- ling place may be aboliahed. BISMARCK and Moltke usually rebuff autouraph fiends, but the other day a comely young woman with an album won her way to their hearts and to their heads. The illustrious gentlemen each wrote in the album a bit, as follows: Moltlce's: Lies para away, truth Uvea for aye Bismarck's: • In yonder world, fttll well I lrtfOW . Truth will at last the victory gain; But 'gainst the lies told here below A Marshal e'en will fight in vain. to the Wirt and which carried the great Commander through the stirring perils of some of the greatest naval combats of the war will always be a source of interest and pride to the patriotic peo­ ple of this country. Like Old I*on- keidea, whose fame and memory are en 1'incd in the history of his country, Hartford should be kept as long as timbers will hold together, THE Buffalo conspirators, Hiram B. and Charles M. Everest, have been duly convicted by a jury, and itis to be presumed will be* duly sentenced by a judge, says the Chicago Inter Ocean, The Buffalo conspirators were managers of a large oil refinery, said to be a branch of the Standard Oil Company. They were American citizens, and were very rich. Nevertheless it was proven to the satisfaction of a jury that they were conspirators, moved by much the same spirit that prevails among an orchists. They were men who believed in the domination of "groups" over law as firmly as Messrs. Spies and Parsons do, and they proceeded to assert that domination by the Spies and Parsons methods. They procured dupes to blow up the works of a rival company, just Spies and Parsons conspired with their dupes to destroy property and life. The "group" in whose success the Everesta took interest was formed of rich men, the "group" in whose success Spies and Parsons took interest was formed of poor men. Before the law there are no rich, no poor, and so the Buffalo conspi- rators^jvere convicted, even as were the Chicago anarchists. The Buffalo men do not call themselves anarchists, but they conspired to destroy property. THE fact that Sidney Dillon was one of the purchasers of the Wheeling and Erie Railroad some days ago again calls attention to a financier who has had an inter­ esting career. He is one of the most popular of the moneyed powers of ftiis country. He traces his genealogy back to the Huguenots, and some of his an cestors were Irish. Sidney Dillon is tall, well-advanced in years. He use4 to be a water-boy on the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, and worked for $1 a week. In after years he rolled up a fortune of $15,000,000, but he lost heavily by the depreciation in the value of Union Pacific Railroad stock. After working industriously as a boy a num ber of years and carefully saving his money he Was able to buy a horse and cart, and then he carried water and sand for the railroad. He was all energy and enterprise, never letting a chance slip. In a few years he found himself able to hire or buy a number of horses and carts, and then he struck out in larger enterprises. He grad­ ually secured railrord contracts, which proved very remunerative, and in his thirtieth year, when he married a very estimable lady of Amherst, Mass., he was in prosperous circumstances. This lady greatly aided him by the influence of a very superior nature. He was at one time President, of the Union Pa­ cific, and was succeeded by Charles Francis Adams. He has been a di­ rector in the Union Pacific, Pacific Mail, Western Union, Missouri, Kansas and Texas, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, Texas Pacific, Manhattan Elevated, and the Mercantile Trust Company. At one time he had regis­ tered in his own name 45,000 shares of Union Pacific, 15,000 of Western Union, and 10,000 of Lackawanna, not to men­ tion his holding of other stocks. MRS. MICHAEL DAVITT, who is an American, and who was married during her husband's recent tour in America, received a royal welcome on her arrival in Ireland. The Irish people presented her with a charming villa nine miles outside of Dublin, called Eden Hill f . Cottage. In her reply, on the occasion , of the presentation, Mrs. Davitt proposed that the name be changed to that of the Land League Cottage, which was greeted by a tremendous response of: "Aye, aye." She made a most effective address, contrasting the freedom en­ joyed by her countrymen, the Ameri­ cans, with the tyranny that pre vails in Ireland. Two ARCHITECTS were discussing the -frequency of cases where persons die soon after moving into new houses which they have built for their use. Said one architect: "That such cases are frequent I believe. I have known three or four in my own practice. But • the deaths are due to exposure during the erection of the houses, or to damp walls, or to waiting too long before de­ ciding to build. Some men don't go to . an architect until they are about ready to succumb to old age." The other re- r, . plied: "I too have known a number of cases of persons dying just after they " have settled themselves in their new houses, and sometimes I .have thought that their f«te is in accordance with scripture. What is that passage about the man who tore down his barns and built greater, and whose soul was re­ quired of him that night?" SECRETARY WHITNEY has decided to order the repair of the United States ^ steamer Hartford, now at Mare Island, California. It is good to know that this historical old vessel, jwhich was ^ Farragut's flagship during the war of the Rebellion, is to be preserved for years to come. According to the ^ap­ propriation of the last Congress of $200,000 for the repair of wooded ves- , sels, the Hartford can have its share, as it has been decided that the repairs will not exceed 20 per cent of the value of the ship. The old vessel is &aid to be good for many years of cruising yet, - and it lias borne such a noble part in the service of its country that every American will be glad to know that the ' Stars and Stripes are to float at its . masthead for many years to come, rship on which Farragut was nailed *•' Moonlight Nights the Bane of Engineers. x "Moonlight nights--they are the bane of railroad engineers," remarked a head official 5f the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He is a gentleman who knows every branch of railroading. "I would have thought that the train men would be glad to have moonlight nights," interposed the writer. "No, sir. All engineers dread moon­ light nights. They try the nerves of en­ gineers to their utmost. Engineers like to run on dark nights. On ajmoonlight night the trouble with them is no trouble at all--shadows. An engineer, looking out from his engine, sees be­ fore him all manner of shadows. He is sure that the dark shadow across the track he sees is a man, or a rock, or some kind of an obstruction. He don't know, and he is kept in a state of nervous excitement all the time. Go­ ing around curves, along hillsides, many curious shadows are outlined on the track, and very often an engineer is so worked up over a night's ride that he is scarcely able to perform his duties." "Some years ago, when I was going over the main stem of the Baltimore and Ohio, one night, there was a freight wreck ahead of us. They were run­ ning freights in convoys then, or, as we now call them, in sections. Our train was stopped, and I went forward to see what was the damage. Lying in a cut, was about the worst freight wreck I have ever seen. I went forward to see what the trouble was. It was a moon­ light night, and when I got forward I saw the engineer. He was shaking all over with excitement. He was one of the oldest and best engineers on the road, and I was surprised tQ see him so nervous, as he had escaped unhurt. ' 'What is the trouble, Tom ?' I asked him. I could see nothing wrong., " 'It was a rock,' replied Tom. 'I was coming round the curve when I saw it. It was a big one--big enough to smash a whole train. I reversed the engine to save a smash-up, and the cars com­ ing down the grade just piled up in the shape you see then).' 'I looked around, -but could see no rock anywhere. The wreck was cleared away that night, and there wasn't a sign of an obstruction near the locomo­ tive. We all were curious to find out what had caused the trouble. The next night a railroad man went to the cut, and there, in the moonlight, he saw a perfect image of a big rock lying right across the track. He looked up on the hillside, and there was a big rock throwing its shadow down on the track. That was the shadow that caused a wTeck that cost the compauy thousands of dollars. No, sir, if an engineer wants things to suit him, he don't waut moon­ light by which to run his train."--Pitts­ burgh Chronicle. , IK cruelty has its expiations aud its remorses, generosity has its chances and its turns of good fortune, as if Provi­ dence reserved them for fitting occa­ sions, that noble, hearts may not be dis- CONRA»BDI--#(WW*<^||(^"',# • HttttMJES AND TENDENCIES. Senator Sherman on the Fast and Future of the Two Great Parties. Wilt the 'Republican Party Has dene and What the Democratic Party Has Hot Done# The Buty of the Republifcm 'ft* in the Next Campaign--True Nationalism. Able Speech of the Ohio Statesman, Delivered at Springfield, BL, on the lat of June. Fellow Citizens, Ladies, and Gentlemen-- What yon desire of me, I presume, is a state­ ment of my view of the principles and tenden­ cies of the two great political parties of the country, for they must be tested by these and not by independent opinions or partial differ­ ences which always exist. These principles are the natural outgrowth of the contest over the institution of slavery that has continued since the commencement of the Government, but it was not until the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and the great debate that oc­ curred in Illinois between Abraham Lincoln Mid Stephen A. Douglas, that tho philosophy of slavery was full? presented before popular au­ diences. It was this debate that led to the nomination ot Mr. Lincoln, and made him the first ltepublican President of the Uuited States. Then also was shown the destructive ten­ dencies of the institution of slavery and its mastery over the Democratic party, because Mr. Douglas would not agree to its extreme demand, it HHOKK UP THE CHARLESTON CONVENTION and destroyed his last hope of success. When Lincoln was elected it fired upon Fort Sumter and commenced the war that covered our land with heroic dead and left among us hundreds of thousands of maimed, wounded, and invalid soldiers, aud the widows of those who perished, But, thank God, in this struggle slavery com­ mitted suicide, and the good time which Lin­ coln hoped would coma in the far future, came by the attempt at secession, and it was his hand that wrote the decree of eternal justice that abolished slavery forever. It was the Republican party that guided the ship of state through the perils and storms of civil war. It marshalled armies, built navies, improvised a currency which to this day is the best ever devised in peace or war. It borrowed immense sums of money, and yet laid tho foun­ dation of a public credit higher in the markets of the world tlian that of any nation in our own or in ancient times. It also established a pub­ lic policy of taxation which, improved since the war, has tilled our Treasury to overflowing with revenue, and yet has so encouraged, developed, fostered, aud protected our industries that we can dig from our miues, and make in our own workshops, and raise on our own farms all the raw products of nature, and every article of necessity, convenience, or luxury essential to the highest civilization. But what was the course of the Democratic party during the civil war? Emasculated by the loss of the patriotio men who entered the service of their country in tho time of its peril, it was the representative of all the disloyal elements of our country. It gathered in its folds Knights of the Golden Circle, the mob rioters of New York and the bounty jumpers and shirks. It held treasonable correspondence with rebel emissaries on our Canadian border and conveyed intelligence to the enemy in most critical periods of the war. As to the Southern wing of the Democratic party, they at least had during the war the courage of their convictions. Led by false theories and local pride into armed resistance, they did maintain their cause with even more than the courage and sacrifices of La Vendee. While condemning their cause we can respect their fidelity to it and the sincerity of their mo­ tives. But, in spite of all, rebels and copperheads combined, i^ spite of English cruisers under rebel flags and English cannon, muskets, arms, and ammunition, the Union armies prevailed, Lincoln was re-elected, army after army sur­ rendered to General Grant, the Union was re­ stored aud the flag of our country waved in undisputed authority from Virginia to Texas. One blow was yet to lie struck, and that was by the hand of an assassin, inspired by the fanati­ cism of the rebellion. Lincoln was killed when his heart was full of gratitude to God, gener­ osity to vanquished rebels and good-will to all men. The veteran armies of the Union were rapidly disbanded. Many of you, no doubt, marched in tho grandest pageant of modern times, tn review of the armies of General Graut aud General t-herman in the streets of Washington, and their return to their homes. Let us pause at the end of the war and imag­ ine with what feeling those returning soldiers wou d have received the prophecy that, within twenty years, the same elements of hostility to the Union cause, the same alliance between Confederates and their sympathisers, would be in POSSESSION OK THK I'UKSIDI NTIAI, OFFICE and in substantial control of tho Government; that the slaves, though nominally free, were deprived, by Unlawful means, of all political power and their numbers counted to swell the political power of their former owners. Who could believe that such could be the result? And what a mockery of juatioe; what a re­ proach to our patriotism; what a shame to our loyal people that it is so. Let ua see where the fanlt lies. •What was then the feeling and policy of the Republican party ? It was not the triumph of victory but the sense of gratitude that we had preserved our country, and of charity for the motives of defeated Confederates, with "the firm conviction that they would share with ua all the blessings of a strong and united people. The Republican party shed no blood after the war was over, made "no confiscations, provided no punishments. It said to the Confederate soldiers, "Go home and sin no more." There was a universal desire among Republicans for a restoration of the rebel States to their old place in the Union, with no conditions except such as would secure a taithful observance of the laws of the United States. Its first step was the adoption by the several States of the thirteenth amendment. The second step was to put an end to the doctrine of secession by the fourteenth amendment, as broad an<l lib­ eral a proposition in favor of human liberty and human rights as ever was framed by man. A series of measures wore then, from time to time, adopted by Congress, among which were the gradual repeal of internal taxes, the reduc­ tion of the public debt, a system of liberal pen­ sions to Union soldiers, a revision of the tariff laws carefully framed to continue the protec­ tion and encouragement of American industry. The Pacific Railroad was built. The English Government was > COMPELLED TO MAKE RESTITUTION for the work of her cruisers. The interest of the debt was enormously reduced by the process of refunding, and, finally, by the resumption of specie payments, our currency was placed on the coin basis. This series of measures, BOlely tho work of the Republican party, rapidly made good the waste of war, and put the country upon the road of unexampled progress and pros­ perity. In what spirit was this met by the Democ­ racy? What language can express the cruel and bar­ barous atrocity of the controlling elements of tha ^outh in their treatment of Republicans, both white and black, and especially of the freedmen who had been invested by constitu­ tional amendments with liberty and political rights? Taking advantage of tl.e defection of Andrew Johuson.and his r ^construction policy, they commenced with laws that denied tho freedmen liberty of speccli and of the press, and even the personal freedom and protection allowed by the laws of the mo-t despotic pow­ ers in Europe to the meanest serf, followed by wholesale assassination of unarmed aud undisciplined negroes, inflicted by secret, or­ ganized, and disguised bands, using all the aienciea of terrcr aud sajierstitlon that cauld affect the mind of an ignorant and incredulous people with such success that in ten years after the war the freedmen of tlie South could not, as »*rule, vote wherever their vote would change iLe result, they Could hold no office, and miyhi be cheated and robbed and murdered with im­ punity. This intimidation was, in many places, especially in the far South, extended to white Republicans of charactor and intelligence, among them soma Confederate soldiers, who resisted as far as they could these atrocities, and were branded with opprobrious epithets, tabooed and ostracized, and in some cases njurdored. Does any man deny this ? All this and nicfre. IN HIDEOUS DETAIL, ' was proven before committees of Congress, was reported by officers of the army, and " by efery form ot pwof ta&wn to warttb and fa msu aaftaa ni admitted by am of Illinois, baa, tetbebook I have before me. oompiled and eoodeased this evidence, audi aay to yon that no i&aaa ean read it with­ out being convinced that all I say is true, with revolting details that I do not give. In this way and by these means tbe Democratic party in the South now hold in solid and unbroken array every Southern Mate with increased political power conferred by the freedom of the slaves. This is the basis of their power. Without the terror aud ostracism I ba%e described, several of these States, governed by their interests and convictions, enlightened by free discussion, emancipated in fact as well as in name, would be as thoroughly Kepnblloau as Illinois. Itis said that this i < raising the bloody shirt: re­ newing the animosities of the war. I deny it. The charge is an unjust reproach of Confederate soldiers. What I speak of is not the work of soldiers, buff of ciwards and criminals, not in war, but in peace. I pity the man who cannot distinguish between the duty of soldiers and self-imposed cruelties und barbarous methods born of slavery. What has been the course of the Democratic party of the North while these events have been going on? At first there was a doubt and denial, but now no honest man ean doubt, unless wil­ fully ignorant. No Democrat with a spark of manhood who hates these methods can shield himself behind doubt or disbelief. And, fellow citizens, this is not a thing of the past. It is a continuing fact. It is a fact to­ day. There is not an intelligent man in this broad land, ot cither party, who does not know that Mr. Cleveland is now Pres.dent of the United States by virtue of CKrMKS AGAINST Till' ELECTIV6 FRANCHISE, including murder, arson, ballot-box stuffing, forgery and perjury, but for which James G. Blaine would now be in bis place. There has not been a moment since the adoption of the fifteenth amendment when, if there could have been a iair election for President, a majority of tho constitutional voters of at least five of the Southern states would not have voted for the Republican nominee. The poison uf the success of these methods has already affected the election in some of the groat cities of the North, especially in Chicago and Cincinnati, where, under the lead of Mackin and Tosuey, the criminal classes adopted some of the meanest of crimes to control elections. Why should they not? If crime should l>e resorted to by the white Democrats of the South to cheat and intimidate poor negroes in the South, why- should not white Democrats of the North be permitted to resort to forgery and perjury to peacefully change the result of on election in the North? Why discriminate against Mackin and Tosney by scuding them to the penitentiarv while tending Democrats of tha South, by means of like offenses, to the Senats and the House, and to represent tha great Republic in foreign courts ? But it is said that the Republican party was in power while these crimes were committed; why did it not prevent or punish them? This question should be fairly andfrauklv answered. When, by the defection of Andrew Johnson, the South was encouraged to commence the policy of intimidation, the Republican party was utterly helpless to resist it. It was during his administration, and with the svmpathv of the Democratic party, that tho hiassacre of colored people in Now Orleans, aijd riots aud violence in different portions of the South oc­ curred, and especially the organisation and the cruel and brutal work of the Kuklux Elan, aud other secret oath-bound associations took place. It was under the shadow of THESE TH A<iJC EVENTS that the election of 1808 occurred. It was to de­ feat Gen. Grant that the two wings of the Dem­ ocratic party flapped together, one led by Boss Tweed, of New York, aud his election forgers and dead beats, the other by the Kuklux lvlans. In spite of all this, however, Gon. Grant was elected President of the United States. It was then the Republican party in Congress proposed the fifteenth amendment, which, it was be­ lieved, would secure to the colored men the protection of tho ballot and the i»wer of self- defense. The result is well known. This con­ stitutional provision was openly nullified. Col­ ored men were deprived of the" right to vote in counties, districts, and States where their vote could change the result. H intimidation was necessary it was resorted to, even to the extent of murder. If cheating, or forged returns, or tissue ballots, or numerous boxes to deceive and entrap the ignorant, or the destruction of the boxes, or tho refusal of the iudges to serve --whatever trick or means were uecessary to defeat the right of the Republican voter were resorted to. General Grant could, under the limitations of the Constitution, see no remedy. It was pro­ posed by the Republicans in Congress to pass a bill, culled the force bill, intended to arm tho executive authorities with ample power to de- feud the colored people against these outrages. I always thought that this bill should have passed, but the strong feeling of repugnance against such legislation in the North led many loading Republicans to vote to delay, postpone, and fiually to defeat it. But General Grant, under existing law, did commence and prose­ cute with diligence aud effect some of the worst cases, especially in South Carolina, where the organization and methods of the clans were fully disclosed by judicial testimony so clear that even the Hoii. Reverdy Johnson, tho attor­ ney for the defendants, said : '• I have listened with tmgiixed horror to some of the testimony which hfcf been brought be­ fore you. Tho outrages proved are shocking to humanity; they admit or NEITHER KXCtTSE NOR JUSTIFICATION ; they violated every obligation which law and nature impose upon men; thoy show that the parties engaged were brute3, insensible to the obligations of humanity and religion." Some convictions were had and some punish­ ment inflicted, but, upon the promise that this s ystem of terror and crime would not be re­ newed, the prisoners were in due time par­ doned. This was not the end of it. General Grant was re-elected, and soon after crimes and violence were renewed against Republicans, both white aud black, in all the cotton States, In 1875 tho House of Representatives had be­ come Democratic, and in the same year, what is known as the Mississippi plau was adopted, and the Hepublicau votj of that State was abso­ lutely suppressed. And again in the Presidential election of IS76 the offenses were so revolt ng as to justify the returning boards in several States, under the laws of those States, in excluding the votes of a number of counties, parishes aud districts Since 1675 the Republican party did not pos­ sess the power to pass any law for the protec­ tion of life or property in the South, and the Democratic party would not. It can be truly said that every atrocity, every political ciime, violence, or wrorg in tlio South was committed by Democrats, and the Democratic party uni­ formly refused to examine, prevent, or punish in any case any of these crimes. I therefore claim for the Republican party that while it haa not been able to protect the colored people of the South in the enjoyment of civil rights or to guard them by military force from gross wrong and oppression by the dominant and controlling physical force "of the South acting in the name aud in the interests of the Demo­ cratic party, yet that it has done all that it could lawfullv within the limits and powers given by the Constitution and the laws to de­ fend all classes of people WITHOUT BE(TARD TO RACE, condition, or creed. If it has failed in any par­ ticular it has been because it was prevented by tiie policy and i>owor of the Democratic party, armed with State authority. In this way, and by crimes so atrocious, the second rebellion of the Democratic party is a success. Republicanism has beon stamped out in the South. Organized aud disciplined force, with social ostracism, prevent in many States all free discussion, and all remonstrance from white Republicans, while the freedmen are held in a baser subjection by the prejudice of raco and by the want of arms and organization, the inheritance of slavery. This condition of affairs is now hopefully changing. The time has come when, in many of tho Southern States, and es­ pecially in counties where a majority of the I>opulation is whit?, these wrongs and outrages can no longer be inflicted, and the time will come when, even iu the black belt of the South, the intelligence, education, and organisation of the people will enable them to maintain their rights. But they are not utterly helpless. The power to migrate wherever injustice is unendurable should be exercised by every man who feels op­ pressed. It should be organized by every com­ munity that is wronged, encouraged by all law­ ful means, and this will, in my judgment, bo the most potent agency in preventing injustice. It is the same right that capital exercises for its own protection; it is the same right which every laboring man in the North enjoys ; it is the so m-t right by which our fathers, of every na­ tion in Europe, by migrating to this coun:ry, se­ cured THE BLESSINGS OP LIBERTT for themselveR and their posterity; it is the first and most powerful right of freemen, mora potent than violence and more certain than force. One duty I think the Republican party has not yet performed, and that is that in States where it is ascertained that free and orderly elections for Senators and Representatives in Congress can not be bail. Congress should assert and exercise it% unquestioned power to regulate tho times, places, and manner of holding such elections. This power is as clearly confined uj»on Congress as the power to levy taxes or make war, and, in my judgment, the tirno has arrived when it should be fully and vigorously exercised. This power lias been asserted by tho act of ls-it; providing for the election of .Senators, and no complaint has ever bf en made of its con­ stitutionality or expediency. It has not been exercised as to members of tho Heme of Representatives, 1 r >m the strong desire to avoid any interference with popular elec­ tions in the Stages: but the existence of the power has been affirmed by the Supreme Ocurt of the United States in the case ex parte Yarborough and others, decided at the Octobor t-ru:, 18-3, in which tho court said • "That a government whoso essential charac­ ter is republican, whose executive head and legislative body are both elective, whoa3 most numerous and powerful branch of the Legisla­ ture is ejected by the people directly, haB no power by appropriate laws to secure this elec­ tion front the influence of violence and corrup­ tion and of fraud, is a proposition so startling as to attract attention and command gravest cousidtratiou. If this Government is anything more than a mere aggregation of delegated agents of other fetates and governments it must have the power t> protect the elections on whieh its existence depends from violence and corruption." ^ " I I tha latter days of the Roirfton republic the «o tripling elements in elections ware bribery, iS*!?* comJption, and this was ft* cause of its fall. So in ours, if _ ELECTIONS AKK COKTMHXBS by the meanest frauds and Crimea, instead of tha popular will, it wMl be tha and of free gov­ ernment. The iiiiasion of tha Republican party will never end until every legal voter can cast one honest vote, and no mora, and have that vote counted. I do not wish to utter one word to revive the animosities of the war. That was fought out manfully and bravely by the two contending parties with such courage as to inspire the re­ spect of each side for the other, and to its logi­ cal conclusion of the complete success of toe Union cause. Ail that I aak is that the de­ feated party will honorably fulfill the terms of their surrender, Rnd that the raaqlta of the war may oe respectod and observed with honor by Confederates, and firmly, but with charity and kindness, by Union soldiers and citizens. For this I appeal alike to Confederate and Union soldiers, to the blue and the gray, so that when passiou and prejudice disappear, both sides will stand by each other in the improvement and development of our great and nnited coun­ try. And this, fellow-citizens, brings me to the vital controlling difference between the two groat parties now as during the war. From the beginning of the Government one theory tended to belittle, uegra'ie, aud lesson the authority of the National Union. It favored a strict con­ struction of th J Constitution; it construed it like an indictment or a penal bond, everv doubt was to he resolved against it. To them it was a contract whicn any btate might throw off at its pleasure. Tbey called this THK RIGHT OF RECESSION. They called this government a confederacy. The Democratic party in later years fell under the absolute dominion of this theory. When thoy undertook in lHt.l to put their theories in practice,they expresnly called their government a Confederate government,and by theirconstitu tionthey made slavery and the right of seces­ sion their corner atones, with Jefferson Davis as their chief. The opposite theory was that the government formed oy our fathers was a National Govern­ ment, that the constitution was an indissoluble bond of union, defining the powers of the gov­ ernment, to be construed liberally, so as to cairy into effect the purposes of its framers; that this was an ordinance, not of the States, but of the people, to promote a more perfect Union; to preserve the blessings of liberty for themselves and their posterity. They were Unionists; they believed in the growth and strength and power of the Republic. The Re­ publican party is the representative of this theory. It marshalled the Union forces for the preservation of the Union, and against seces­ sion. It preserved the Union. But for it the American Republic would have been a thing of tho past. lor twenty-four years it adminis­ tered the executive branch of the government on these ideas. It was this that enabled the Republican party to confer upon the United States the inestimable benefits of a national currency, tho homestead policy, the protection and diversity of our industries, the vast exten­ sion of our railroads and internal improve­ ments. It is this marked difference between the two parties that lies at the foundation of all questions of public policy. The future opens before us an infinite va­ riety of questions which will turn on the extent of National authority. The revenues must be reduced. THIS THE REPUBLICAN PARTT DID many times since the war, and carefully se­ lected for repeal or reduction taxes on home production and duties on articles that did not compete with homo industry. We added to the free lists; made free from all duty more than one-third in value of all the ar­ ticles of merchandise imported from foreign countries, including all articles in common use among our people which could not be produced neie, including tea and coffee. We levied a duty ou tho remaining two-thirds suffi­ cient to raise all the revenue needed, almost exclusively on articles that competed with home products. In this way we so protected our in­ dustry that nearly every article of common use ou the farm, iu the workshop, or the household is made in this country. Nearly all the articles, except sugar, from which this large revenue is derived, are articles of luxury, mainly con­ sumed by the rich. A protective duty has been placed on sugar for the benefit of the sugar planters of Louisiana, but we now propose, as one means of reducing the surplus revenue, to largely reduce this tax, and as a protection to sugar growers somo projwse to nay out of the duties on sugar a bounty for the home produc­ tion of all kinds of sugar from cane, or beets, or sorghum, 'lhis policv of protection has been extended to the products of the farm, the yield of the mines, as well as the fabrics of the mechanic and the manufacturer. In this way the levying of taxes is made the means of na- tioiril growth and development, nearly trebling io twenty years our domestic manufactures, n lid at the same time by competition reducing the prices. l>ut by the Confederate construction of the Constitution all this is unconstitutional. By their tlieorv we may impose burdens but can­ not confer bouefits. And now, fellow citizens, tho immediate re­ sult of lk>mocratic or Confederate ascendency is to be a struggle to break down our industrial system. They now propone TO HKUUCE THE DUTIES on; articles that we can and do now produce, and' thus bring our skilled artisans into compe­ tition with foreign labor that will inevitably reduce the price of domestic labor. The farmer with wool duty free must either kill his sheen or reduce tho price of his wool, and BO with every article of domestic production. Hut oven on this policy they cannot agree. With exclu­ sive power over revenue bills they can agree upon no proiwsition for tlie reduction of taxes, while surplus revenue drawn from tha life blood of the ]>eople accumulates iu the Treasury. But in the end the Confederate idea will, as usual, prevail in that party. KHndulI will resist, but ho wiil learn the sumo lesson so many Democrats before him, hava learned. The Confederate constitution de­ clared in so many words that no duties or taxes ou importations from foreign nations shall be laid to promote or foster any branch of indus­ try, and that is the creed of the Democratic party. And so with all the deeply interesting and im­ portant questions affecting American labor and laborers. The Republican party, embracing in it the groat bulk of the producers of the coun­ try, has uniformly, both by State and national legislation, adopted every just measure that has been proposed to improve their condition, to promote employment, to regulate the hours of labor, to secure good wageB ami prompt pay in good money, and stands ready to adopt every just measure to open their way to comfort, wealth, and to all the advanced positions in public and private life. The Confederate idea is that Congress has no power to do any of these things. It ia unconstitutional. The Democrat­ ic party has therefore opposed the homestead law, the tariff laws, and, iu many of the States, especially where their strength lay, have op­ posed wise laws for tho protection of laboring men. There are some things the laws cannot do. They cannot regulate the price of labor or anything else. This can only be done by - THE LAW OF SUPPLY and demand. American laborers do not desire such legislation They only want the free and ready means of contesting with capital for a fair division of the results of prcHluc- tiou. We have no room in this country for auarchists, communists, or socialists--the worst productions of despotic governments. All our workingmen want is an open field and a fair chance, with the right of organ­ ization, co-operation, and the friendly sympa­ thy of all classes and conditions of men. The Confederate idea had its example in slavery, and now lias its natural fruits in millions of laborers deprived of their constitutional rights by controlling physical forco and violence. No such servitude of labor can exist in a Repub­ lican community. Aud so with the education of the masses of the people. Wherever the Republicans are in power free schools, as a matter of course, are open to all children, free of cost, and the same op[K)rtunities for education are open to the children of the poor and rich alike, without money and without price. When the start­ ling evidences of illiteracy in the South were disclosed by the Census of 1830, a meas­ ure was twice introduced and passed by a Republican Senate to appropriate large sums of money from the National Treasury to bo distributed according to the number of illit­ erate persons in the several States. When these measures were sent to a Democratic House they were promptly smothered. Accord­ ing to the Confederate idea they were unconsti­ tutional. They found no power in the Constitu­ tion for the education of children. Perhaps a gleam of intelligence informed them that Democracy and i-morance go hand in hand together, an 1 this was a conspiracy against the Democratic party of the future. At all events, these bills sleep the sleep that knows no waking ill a Democratic committee. HQ also with internal improvements. Our country is bounded by great oceans open to all thMvoiid, but with imperfect harbors, and is ctiVby vast rivers, the highway for •THE OCEAPEST POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION, wil^i bars, and falls, and snags that prevented or impeded their uso. It lias been the policy of tne Republican party, during every Congress when it had the power, to appropriate money from the National Treasury to remove thosu obstacles to commerce, and to open these high­ ways to the freo und untaxed use of the peo- plo. The Democratic party ha» also been opposed, more or less, to this policy; but great works were in progress, aud by the common consent of both parties, Congress at its last session passed a bill in the usuul form to provide for the most important works. It was sent in ample time to the Presi­ dent for his approval, but he had been so busy in reading and vetoing peusion bills to Union soldiers that ho had no time to real the river and harbor bill. So this great measure of in­ ternal improvement was defeated, aud number less unfinished works are delayed and others destroyed by tho pocket veto of a Democratic President. I tel you a common saying that the President would have found time to sign it. but thf re was a small appropriation in the bill for the Hennepin Caual. And so with the great public policy of strengthening our commercial relations with the American Republics and the Dominion of Cauad*. A growing feeling exists in the Re­ publican party that liberal measures shr.uld be adopted to increut>e our tra ie, to establish lines of steamships, to improve postal facilities, to make coinmersiai treaties, and to invite a friendly conference with these countries. Bet this has met with no favor with the Democratic party. Only one affirmative measure was proposed by it. and that was to reduce the surplus in the Treasury. It was said that the Republican party wus hoarding vast sums of idle money to make times hard; that they would scatter it among the people. Tint HErtmr.icAN PABTT ua adopted the policy of receiving gold and silver com into the Treasury, and for the con­ venience of the people to iasne certificates for it which circulated aa money. It had alao adopted the policy of maintaining in the Treas­ ury from »ldu, 1*0,000 to £140,000, OOu of coin to se- CUM prompt redemption of United Statea net**. All other money received in the Treasury waa, under Republican policy, applied t£ the pay­ ment of the public debt This policy waa pair- sued with such «;< 09 is that the bonded debt was reduced from $i, .".36,131,571.43 to »1.8T5,:«A- 433.91, and the interest of the debt from $151,000,0J0 to M7.0.0,000. Our Democratic) friends, in the canvass of 18St, promised to pay out all this idle money. Thev said it was kept to make money scarce; it should be divided among the people. What was the result? A Democratic Secretary kept piling up more idie money; to give him an excuse for doing so he changed the form cf the debt statements He excluded tho wLol j mass of fractional silver coin from the count. He increased the balance on hand *i0,000,0'>i more than the Republican party had done. For two years a Democratic House, with fifty majority, with sole power on the subject, has been trying to find a wav to reduce the surplus, but utterlv failed to agree. And now a new Democratic House, it ia said, is to be called upon in extra session to solve the riddle. The business commuutty is beginning to feel the sense of danger, and the cry is com­ ing. "Good Lord, deliver us." The President has received great Credit in certain quarters for the support he has- given to the civil-service law. This law only applies to clerical services in tho great,offices aud de­ partments of tlio Government. Kuw this is a Republican measure, for which I voted with the great body of the Republican members of the Senate and House, and I will join heartily io approval of its JUST AND FIRTE ENFORCEMENT, but now an ingenious wav lias been found sub-" atantially to get rid of *the law by requiring old and experienced employes, who have be- co,»e by long training invaluable to the public service, to pass a school examina­ tion to see whether thsy ought to be retained or not. I am afraid such a test would clean out even so excellent a body as the Illinois Legis­ lature. I know it would serionslv affect many heads of departments. And now* it is claimed that under tho demands of our Democratic friends, hungry and thirsty after a long fast, more than four-fifths of Republican officers not embraced in the . civil-service law have been changed by the President. When the Senate politely asked for the cause of removal, he said, as Jack Falstali did, "He would not tell upon compulsion." Aud so, fellow-citizens, you may run the gamut of all the political questions, great and small, that divide the two parties, and you will find tho line of demarkatiou is Union and Con­ federate ; Republican and Democratic. I am not opposed to Confederate soldiers, but to Con­ federate ideas. Many Confederate soldiers were true to the Union until drawn by State pride to fight for the Confederacy. I have no dislike for Democrats, many of whom I cherish as my dearest friends, but I do dislike the ten­ dency of that party to Confederate ideas. They taunt us with waving the bloody shirt; we be­ lieve they wave the Confederate flag. Jeffer­ son Davis says they "are not baring their breasts for the rights they fought for." The res­ olutions of the Democrats of Kentucky are, in effect, extracts from the Confederate constitu­ tion, and Confederates are seleoted as their candidates. The Democratic party is the left wing of the new Confederate army. It is said that the Republican party hail been long in power. Our Democratic friends wanted to EXAMINE THE BOOKS. They wanted to turn the rascals out. What rascals have they found in ? What wrong or lieculation have they found in the books? I can with confidence and pride say to you that no administration of this or any gov­ ernment has baeti more »free from corrup­ tion, fraud, or peculation than the Repub­ lican administrations from Lincoln to Arthur, both included. Tho Republican party has justified itself in war and iu peace. It is the only party in this country that can give you a National, patriotic, liberty-loving, fraud- hating, and business administration. It enters into the lists this year and next year proud of its record, with no apologies to make, no crimes to repent of, no people de­ prived by it of their rights. It has stood the test of defeat and retirement with unquestion­ ing acquiescence, though it was brought about by crime. It has fairly treated tho Democratic President, who lias gained public approval only a3 he has resisted his party. It wiil again ap­ peal to the suffrages of the people, asking only an honest vote and a fair count, and referring to its record iu the past as the best evidence it oan give that it will maintain in the future the honor of ou r country abroad, develop the re­ sources of our people at home, and secure all, as far as it can, in the full and equal enjoy­ ment of the rights and privileges of American citizens. Makes Cowards of Them Alk Protectionism makes cowards of tttem all. Even in these days of free speech it costs a man something not to be a blind supporter of the protective tariff. Intoler­ ance is the badge of all their tribe. Two teachers of Dean Academy, Profs. Perry and Mendon, bare been compelled to re­ sign their places in that institution for the reason that they were members of the Franklin Tariff Eeform Club and the trus­ tees of the academy looked upon tariff re­ form as n political heresy. One may form some idea of the course of teaching that will be pursued at an institution of this kind, if those who have the clearness of mind to draw logical conclusions from well-ascertaiaed facts are to be forced oat in this manner.--Letruslon Oazette. THE New York Tribune treats it as a very strange and gratifying thing that the consumption of pig-iron in the United States exceeds that of the United Kingdom. Why, then, should it not show a heavy per­ petual excess? The population here is G5 per cent, greater; the territory of the United Kingdom to bo served by railroad compares with that of the United States like a toad-stool to a prairie; while the one has been so long under the hand of labor that it ought to be finished, the other has not even begun to get its accommodations into something like a condition to justify rest and contentment. It is a shameful effect of the tariff that the actual domestic consumption of the industrial metals is not on a scale bere approximately surpass­ ing that of England as much as our con­ sumption of grain, meat and sugar. The latter are no more essential to human life tjian are iron aud steel to the life of mechanical industry, and the contrast with England still shows most strongly the in­ fluence of artificial repression.--LouieviUe Courier-Journal. THEY are having a fine time in France With their protective tariff. Having in­ creased their duties oa wheat on the de­ mand of farmers and landlords to compen­ sate them for duties on manufactured goods, the workingmen at' Paris are now demanding the exclusion of foreigners from their respective trades. They say they have the same right to be protected against competition that the land owners have, and that if they are made to pay higher than natural prices for bread, they ought to have correspondingly higher prices for their own work. French workingmen are quicker to see the "beauties" of pro tection than our own workingmen are.-- Burlington Oazette. THE laborer, who wears oat all his pow­ ers in the machinery of life'B work and takes no part in its thought and imagina­ tion, and the thinker who wears out his brain before its time, and has no part in the practical activity of life, bave each lost much of the pleasure tbat rightly belongs to tbem. They may be unconscious of the fact, but it is" nevertheless true that the health, happiness, and real effectiveness of every man can be gained only by harmoni- ous onion of labor and thought. IT is intimated that the British Govern­ ment wonld not permit Canada to enter into relations of free trade with the United States. Resistance on the part of Great iiritain to any enlargement of the era of commercial freedom would be a violation of its own principles and policy. Moreover, when the people of the I nited States and Canada shall waut reciprocal free trade they will have it whether with or without the oonsent of the British Government.-- Philadelphia Record. THE ancient Soman bedsteads were of considerable height, requiring a foot-stool or set of steps to get into them, aud w«re made like our largest-sized sofas with a headboard, sometimes a corresponding one against the foot, and a high back at the further side, but entirely open on the one on which the occupant entered. The frame was strung with girths, which supported a thick mattress, on which were supported a bolster and pillow. A POACHER who was down on his luak made a predatory expedition into the county adjoining his own, and secured a sheep, as he supposed, in the dark. When he got home he found he had knifed his best bird dog, and carried its body seven miles across lots. Then he felt like preaching large, round, trisyllabic words at the moon for not showing up so that he could tell s Himois *BBi bOI pMhfbftfeg tha taettres aa Dejmty BwrtOs* hi tteteapaaftr who an rotvotem tottoewa*. Higgins'measure eoq>eolid«>iiift)iePeMitaBtia«y Boards v«i tfao jadvaneedtat ttafedsaaAiaf. Senator Humphrey called up aad had raad » second time the BOOH bill regarding ot explosives. }tWMl amended ee-aa to the Senate Mu and sent to The a ed. The Sotiae ot. Repreaentativea paaaed meaaure laiiMi a*P ttia Ansa revenue passed. tna bill. Both branchee have now bills, which Mr. Keely's bill to provfctofor tba e rusteea of the 8taifc» I the Tr pleuro-pneumonia bi man, united Statea mot. Cat- tare, was introduced in the House by Mc. ] The bill provides that the question of tibe sup­ pression of pieuro-pnebttooi* la this Haae be placed in the hands ot the Bufeau of iaimal Industry of the United Statea,' waa ad­ vanced to second reading. Tha BOON ros curxed in the amendments made ti/tha BWSate to the House bill making ap " - --• Industrial Hotne fer tbe i SenaU bill making ftity ponnde the bushel of sweet potatoes waa passed, as an amendment to the general kgbool gives a right to appeal to County But ante of questions arising out of tha i boundaries of school districts. In officers can not agree, tbe County Jadge I be called into action. Both houses -- to the 31st. THE Chicago drainage bill, known as tftfcS Roche-Winston measure, passed the Senate eQ the 3lst ult. under a suspension of the rales. Ah attempt to call up the State' Fair hill was defeated. Senator Humphrey called up, had read a third time, and passed the House bOI to empower trustees of schools to lay oat and dedicate common-school lands for street and highway purposes. The House MB prohibiting the killing, ensnaring, etc.. fob' two years, excepting during the months o| November and December, of any prairie hen or chicken, rutted grouse, pheasant, at onatL was passed. Senator Burke had read a first time and advanced the House bill making it a criminal offense for an employer to prevent hte employe from voting on election day. Tbe House of Representatives paased the. following bills: Legalizing certain acts in relation to proper filing of returns of eleotions held for the i>urpose of incorporating vil» lages; holding employers liable to a fine of $100 when they shall oompel employee to work on election-days, in consequence ot which the latter shall be pare vented frosn voting ; requiring common carriers to give notice of ar­ rival of goods to consignees within twenty-four hours after auoh arrival; the Senate bill pre­ scribing the means of serving process on re­ ceivers of corporations. The bill increaaing the salaries of the court clerks and other elective officers of Cook County from 33,000 to $5,000 per annum was defeated in the House. Governor Oglesby signed the following bills: Pro­ viding for the incorporation ot co-opera, tive associations for pecuniary profits; revising the law relating to recorders; making appropriation for repairs aad naming expenses of the Illinois and Michigan Canal; Ceding certain looka and dams on the Illinois River to the United statea: revising tbe ties, law; to encourage the propagation aim cultiva­ tion of fish and for their protection; permittimi the location of the Logan Monument ia South Park, Chicago: prohibiting book-making ana prol-selling; to authorize judges of circuit courts to appoint stenographers for the taking and preserving of evidence. THE special committee of the Senate ap. pointed to investigate the alleged prevalence of jpleuro-pneumouia at Chicago repotted kta that body on the 1st inst. that the plague existed there, and recommended an appropria­ tion for the support of the live-stoak commie" sion. Tne Senate bill fixing the pay ot the Supreme Court reporter at §3,000* and the Bell­ ing price of reports at 81.75 a volume, fa Hod to pass the Senate. The House of Repreaentativee passed the bill increasing tha emolu­ ments of various officials ot Cook County Tne bill consenting to the acquirement by the General Government of the title to the land at High wood for a military post, the Senate bill prohibiting the ownership of land by aliens, and the Senate amendment to the law of conntv fire insurance companies were alao paased. The principal change made is intended to par- mil the issuunce of policies on personal erty outside of buildings. A VOLUMINOUS report from the joint commit­ tee appointed by the Legislature to investigate the outbreak of pleuro-pneumonia in Cook County was read to both branches on the M inst. It recommends the removal of the thirty- day limit of quarantines, leaving the time at maintaining quarantines to the discretion of tip Live Stock Board; also the pasaaga ot tha bill now before the Legislature providing for co-oper- ntion between Federal ana State (jfoverameBte in the suppression of disease; alao the enact­ ment of a law allowing quarantine to be estab­ lished within a quarantine. It was alao ateted that pleuro-pneumonia did not exist tat State outside of the quarantined district in Cook County, and that there was no danger ot its spreading beyond that district or gain­ ing a foothold among cattle at the Union Stock Yards. in the Senate the new Board of Health measure nnd Senator Chu> man's convict school-book bill were defeated senator Humphrey's anti-dynamite bill and a bill to make it necessary lor an otfioer or em­ ploye of the General Assembly to reoeive a two-thirds vote before his appointment ean ha confirmed, were passed. The bill creating a Board of Trustees to receive and hold in trust for the State the title to the Lincoln homestead in Springfield, appointing a custodian therefor, and making an 'appropriation to repair and keep in a state of preservation the re aide nee and relics, passed the House ot Repre­ sentatives, as did Mr. Fletcher's wolf-aoalp bill, which shortens tbe time from sixty to ten daya within which one must report and oertffytc his trophy. The bill is to prevent swindling tc get the bounty on scalps. The following bills also passed the House: The Senate bucket- shop bill; the Senate bills appropriating 168,- *i00 to the Mind Asylum at Jacksonville: tlW,- 000 to the Pontiac lteform School, aad 191,000 to the State University ; the bill enlarging th« l»wers of the companies in the i-itate organised for the capture of horse-thieves,, a Mil He bibiting the confession of judgment oa a note before its maturity. How Boys Bay Ba<e-Balk Two handsome boys in velvet knick­ erbockers entered a Broadway sporting goods store and asked: : "What kind of base-balls have youf" The dealer reached behind the coun­ ter and produced a placard whieh read as follows: 1 BASE-BALIS. Game-Cook. 1* Swift and Sam, ^ • Snorter. Bruiser. Git Thar. Look Out. : Dandy. O. K. Ah! There. Mind Your Eye. Champion. fi-.. i Empire. . ^sthete. Msrio3a 1 ̂ * Imperial. , " /l H4 Excelsior. # v... V ..'• Bhak8pea#.JrM:i^-'^ Swinburne. * " , Only 25 cents each. , - The Boys studied the list carefuQjr. 2 and one said regretfully, "Why, yoa haven't any Bloody Noses?" '* "No," replied the dealer, gently, "bat « won't the 'Bruiser* do? Ail the boys are getting them." • The youths invested in one Bruiser and one Game-Cock, and withdrew. X "It requires a great deal of care to ^ name base-balls," remarked the dealer. ; ̂ 8| reflectively. "It's all in the nam*. ' 1 Those balls are just alike--one is pr»> cisely as good as the other--but I can never sell a Champion to a boy who wants a Dandy, or vice versa. That *3 Game Cock is a great favorite. Th« funny thing about the whole business " is that the wealthy people, like thoM , two in here just now, always wont balls ^3# with bloodthirsty names printed on JMM 'em, while the worst tough on the East 'f Side will demand a Shakspeare, for ilt- J" f stance, and will light before he wflt * J* take anything else. Ifs a quaint freak of boy nature, isn't it? I can tell bp ? the looks of every boy just what col- ? umn on that placard will supply his J wants."--New York Sun. *1;$ AT a meeting of the Phyaiolbgiell Society of Berlin it was given as a fast that when the bee has tilled his cell aud has completed the lid a drop of formic acid, obtained from the po son connected with the sting, is added to the honey by perforat ng the lid with the sting. This formic acid pre­ serves honey and every other sugar solution from fermentation. Moat of the insects that have a stinging appa­ ratus similar to tbat of the bee are eot- leetors and storers of honey, ao ttg sting haa a double function--it ia » we&pon and a pickle. --2>r. Footf* «5f;f •: ...t