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w 1- •• ^CLEVELAND'S POLICT. . Long, of Massachusetts, on th« Treasury Sur­ plus. Clear anil Motile Statement of the Prob­ lem. '1& V John D. Long, of Massa- _ has recently written a letter to tbe Boston Advertiser in response to aa in­ quiry for his views of the surplus, and how n should be reduced. It is a wonderfully dear and effective statement of the prob­ lem, Mid fexposes the insincerity or the peril of Mr. Cleveland's policy as outlined in hi b message most admirably. The President pretends to be very solicitous ihat the surplus of over $100,000,000 should be reduced, but the items which he, Suggests should be placed on the free list in order to do it amount to but a drop in Ike bucket. If, therefore, he be really sin­ cere, he mast attack the surplus by either repealing the internal revenue taxes, and be •Mys he would not do that, or he must make a general assault upon the whole line of protected industries, and Governor Long shows how that would have to be done, as follows: "The problem is this: With over $300,- 000,000 revenue, of which over $200,000,- 000 is from customs, and over $100,000,- 000 from internal taxes on tobacco nnd epirits, and with about $100,000,000 of this gross revenue not needed, and therefore to be cut offi from what items Shall it be out? The President says by no means from the internal taxes of $100,000,000 on tobacco and spirits. Passing, then, to the $200,000,000 customs revenue, more than $50,000,000 of that sum is the tariff on im­ ported sugar, so important an article that the refusal of the President to even allude 4o it as a source of reduction must be taken M a recommendation by him to leave that also as it is. Of the remaining $150,000,- 000 at least $50,000,000 is the tariff on im­ ported luxuries, such as wines, cham­ pagne, cigars, silks, laces, kid gloves, fruits, jewelry, etc. It goes without saying that these foreign luxuries are the last filing in the world to be relieved. What re­ mains? The inexorable logic of the Presi­ dent's message is that the $100,000,000 reduction must be the remaining $100,- 000,000 of the customs revenue. What are the items of this amount? First are what are called, not altogether accurately, the free raw materials. But unfortunately these amount only to some $12,000,000, end are a drop in the bucket There are seventeen items of this 6ort, more or less, which for 1885 I find stated here in Mr. Charles Heber Smith's admirable pam­ phlet, as follows: Coal-tar dyes $523,086 Potash . 1<M,716 Soda.... 1,448,2 8 Coal . 581.00Q Copper ore 11)8,006 Hemp 194,13b Manilla 626,895 Jute 398,783 Sisal grase» 493,751 Hay . 164,351. Hops 217,91? Iron ore 505,193 Marble,... 229,672 Bait •••• 706,601 Ziumber....i 867,849 Zino 88,000 ^ool 5,120,108 Total $12,419,699 "Seven or eight of these, amounting with "Wool to more than half the whole amount, are for the protection of the farmer. But an increase in the tariff on wool, for in­ stance, has been invariably attended with en increase of prosperity in this great de­ partment of agriculture, and vice versa; while to the purchaser the price of wool has fallen with an increase of the tariff, and vice versa. Besides, unlike sugar, Which is correlated to nothing else, wool ciinnot be considered apart from woolen manufactures; and if the Western farmer Is deprived of bis protection on wool, his representatives will deprive the Eastern manufacturer of his protection on woolen goods. This is hardly worth while for the sake of saving a possible $1.25 on a $20 suit of clothes, especially if by reducing wages or throwing men out of employment through subjecting them to competition With foreign labor, they have no means or SBB means with which to buy a suit of othes at all. / "But bow about the remaining $88,000,- 000? On what articles is this sum? I find in the same pamphlet that 11 woolen manufactures pay 127,278,523 " 13,000,000 14,301,876 11,752,207 4,947,626 il 9,947,816 11 silk manufacture*. •. All iron and steel manufactures All cotton manufactures All chemical manufactures All jute, hemp and aiaal grass man ofaotores <89,253,048 , "This total substantially exhausts the re­ sources of reduction. Does the President. St those who assent to his views, advise a resort to these six last-named great indus­ tries as meeting the case? liemember, first, that any partial reduction of the tariff at these points will, as everybody admits, not reduce the gross revenue, but increase it by increasing importations; and, second, that to put all these six items on the free list, which would be necessary in order to reach the necessary reduction of $100,000,- 000, would be not only absolute free trade in manufactured products, which no free­ trader has even dared to say is now desira­ ble, but would be the utter rain of our in­ dustries and labor. No wonder that since the message there has been abandoned in Fall River the started plan of building a new mill, and with it the loss of so much wages and diversity of employment. No wonder that the President's own party is alarmed. He has arrayed himself against the manufacturers, workingmen, and ev­ ery interest of American industry--not least the farmers whose hay and wool and potatoes are to be unprotected, and whose market in the manufacturing towns is to be curtailed. It is no longer a question of personal preferences for this or that candi­ date, bat bread and butter; and when the President proposes to turn for every one of as, except the importer of foreign goods, the buttered side down, the fellow who Eoposes to keep it up will beat him out of 8 boots." This statement of the case is so clear and explicit that it drives Mr. Cleveland into his hole "with neatness and dispatch." It shows what Mr. Cleveland has tried to t conceal, that the real purpose of his mes­ sage was to make a general assault upon American industries, and reduce the tariff ' Strictly to a basis of revenue only. The Question in a Nutshell. Mr. Blaine puts the question of Free Trade in a nutshell when he Bays: "How are we to export staple fabrics to Europe, and how are we to manufacture them eheaper than they do in Europe unless we Het cheaper labor than they have in Eu­ rope? * * * Whenever we can force oarpenters, masons, iron-workers and me­ chanics in every department to work as cheaply and live as poorly in the United States as similar workmen in Europe, we can, of course, manufacture just as cheap­ ly as they do in England and Europe.' Every wageworker will instantly recognize the force of this argument. The value sot On the labor ibat enters into it determines the priee of every manufactured article. The American manufacturer who pay6 his employes so much more than the European manufacturer must lower wages if through the operation of Free Trade he has to com­ pete in the same market with one who Spends much less on labor than he does. Under these circumstances the American manufacturer would be compelled either to go out of business or lower the standard of wages. It would-be an act of folly for him •to try and place on the market manufact­ ured articles that would cost so much more than the foreign article with which tbey would be obliged to compete. The only way in which he could hold his own would be to reduce the wages of his em­ ployes. The rednction would necessitate . a lowering in the standard of living on the 'V?,paxt of the wageworkers. ' The Rebel Flag Affair. There is considerable quiet talk about a ••solution of inquiiy respecting the retool of the rebel Bags to the From pretty good authority I hear that after all a number of the flags were shipped South from the War Department last sprint?. It would be a curious and inter­ esting commentary upon the methods of the present reform administration, and its relation to the solid South, if it should finally appear that the flags over which Jefferson Davis shed so many saurian tears during the Atlanta glorification of treason were nags which the soldiers of the Union captured in battle, and which Northern copperheads illegally and surreptitiously surrendered to unrepentant rebels after Grant and Logan were laid in Northern graves.--Washington Letter. ' , F0RAKER ON CLEVELAND. 1 Extract frest the Buckeye Governor** JKeasaga to the State Legis­ lature. My last annual message oommeneed with the following paragraph: "The recent elections did much to dispel the distrust that has obtained throughout the country during the last two years as to the policy to be pursued by our National Government in regard to the protection of American labor and industries. It can now be stated with great confidence that no political party will be allowed, however much it may desire to do BO, to break down that wise and patriotic policy to which we are so much indebted for the unexampled prosperity we have enjoyed during the last quarter of a century. The assurance thus afforded is already beneficially manifesting itself throughout all our business interests. With a complete restoration of confidence in this regard there will be a full return of that commercial and industrial activity which will bring the rich blessings of just rewards and happy contentment to all olasses of our people. This is just cause of congratulation for all." It was then generally supposed that we had heard the last of free trade, at least for a time; but not so. The recent message of the President of the United States commits his administration and the party he repre­ sents to the most unqualified and hostile opposition to the entire principle and policy of a protective tariff. He seeks to make it appear that the blow he would strike is aimed only at the manufacturing and wool- growing interests of the country, but it is manifest to all men of intelligence, who are acquainted with our conditions, that if his propositions prevail the consequences will be disastrous to every industry and every section of our country, and to no class more surely than our farm­ ers, who must rely chiefly on our home markets for the sale of their products, and our laboring people, who depend upon a continuance of that general prosperity that has obtained for the last quarter of a cent­ ury for employment at remunerative wages. But it should be particularly noted by you that it Is deliberately proposed to practic­ ally sacrifice a together THE WOOL-OROWING INTEREST of the country by removing from it all pro­ tection whatever. Ohio ranks first of all the States of the Union in sheep husband­ ry. In 1883 we had 5,130,920 sheep, valued at $13,249,166. The reduction of the tariff on wool by the act of that year has already produced to the wool-growers of this State the disastrous consequences shown hy the following table: 1883. Number of sheep 5,130,923 Value $13.249,16(5 1884. • " 4,868,794 " 11,940,720 1885. " - 4,928,332 " 9,345,819 1886. « - 4,293,839 " 8,««,-l:S0 1887. " " 4,105,177 " 8,806,550 To'l decline sinoe 1883, 1,025,743 " 4,442,616 But it is not until it is remembered that not only has there been this decreases in the number of sheep and their value, but that there has also been a decline in the value of the wool produced of about 14 cents per pound, that the full extent of this calamity to our wool-growers is per­ ceived and appreciated. Our annual clip is not only about 6,000,000 pounds less than in 1883, but the '25,000,000 now produced bring to the owners of our flocks each year more than $3,000,000 less money than for­ merly. To put wool on the free list* as proposed, and thus put our wool-growers in competition with the free grass and cheap labor of foreign wool-growing countries is to unjustly discriminate against an honorable, industrious and patriotic class of people, and to utterly destroy one of the most important industries of the country; an industry, in fact, without which no country can be independent. The effect would fall with particular severity upon this State, since it would not only destroy the wool industry but also injuriously affect every other. While, therefore, you have no power to legislate with respect to national affairs, yet it should be remembered that in your representative capacity you have an influ­ ence which you should not fail to use for the good of the people you represent, by adopting resolutions of protest against such unwise, unjust, and unpatriotic prop­ ositions. You have also the right, and you should exercise it, of requesting our Bep- resentatives in Congress to oppose all such measures that may be offered. Other and better ways can be provided for disposing of the surplus revenue than by breaking down our home industry and exposing our labor to foreign competition. All, there­ fore, who think more of this country than they do of any other, and all who appreci­ ate the great blessings we have enjoyed in consequence of the protective tariff policy which has been pursued for the last twen­ ty-five years, should stand firmly together in its support, and not on y Bhould we con­ tinue to protect and develop every indus­ try that is essential to our greatness and independence, but we should afford direct protection to our labor by carefully dis­ criminating against every kind of socialis­ tic, criminal or disreputable character who may seek to immigrate to our Bhores. Next after onr obligations to God, it is OUT highest duty to take care of America. Ruled by Foreigners. Mayor Hewitt, of New York, recently made the statement that according to cen­ sus statistics,' eighty per cent of the popu­ lation of that city are either foreign born or have foreign born parents. In the Board of Aldermen, he says, there are but two American born citizens. If there iB any city in the world that is truly cosmo­ politan, it is New York. Every race and almost every political division on the globe has representatives there. It is this great foreign city, representing in the aggregate an un-American civilization, and un- American ideas, that is really the control­ ling force in American politics. New York city rules New York State, and the latter, as political parties are now related, very nearly holds the balance of power in the United States. In the last presidential election it did, so far as Republicans were concerned, for if they had had 1,100 more votes in that State they would have elected their candidate for President. So it is the foreign or un-American vote of New York city that turns the scale in American af­ fairs. The problem before the Republican party, both in the interest of good govern­ ment as well as party advantages, is to con­ vert, as far as possible, that foreign vote to the sound principles for which Republi­ canism stands. There is one very consid­ erable portion of that foreign vote repre­ sented by Irishmen, and very little of that vote will ever be cast for free trade, when this issue between the parties is squarely drawn.--Iowa State Register. THE Republican party stands for certain great principles which may well command the loyalty of young men. It holds to a genuine reform of the civil service. It stands for a treatment of the tariff along the lines of protection to American man­ ufactures and American labor. It insists upon a fair ballot and an honest count. North and South. It antagonizes the domi­ nance of the saloon power and offers the most effective political agency for restrain­ ing it. Upon these and other issues it -appeals confidently to young men, who, as they come of age and consider what pafty associations they shall form, will natur­ ally be drawn toward the party which stands for the right side of current issues. SHERMAN 01 THE TARIFF. CUrreUnd's Tariff-Tinkering Ax- Ably Aoiwsred by the Ohio Sahator. Th« Principle of Protection De­ mands Equality of Benefits and of Burdens. Cheap Labor in This Country Mean the Degradation of Amsri- out Polities J& Analytls of the Causes that Have Besalted la an Enormeea Treasury Sarplag. 8eaatcr ffierman made his n|mM speech on the Pmidrat message, m the Senate of the United States, on the 4th init I The President of the United States, he said, departing from the practice ot his illustrious predecessors, dropped from his recent annual message all reference to the foreign relations of the country and to the interesting questions in national affairs, even omitting the usual recog­ nition of the Supreme Knler of the universe, and postponing all things celestial and terres­ trial cnt 1 the surplus revenue begot rid of. This extraordinary message he (Mr. Sherman) felt called upon to consider : to inquire whether the Onagers spoken of in it were exaggerated or net, and examine the remedies proposed. Tne existence of a surplus revenue has been a constant occurrence bofore and since the close of the war. Instead of its being a dancer, it was an indication of the continuous increase of the domestic productions of the country and its foreign and domestic commerce, and of the steady improvement of its tinancial condition. When, in 18-A Tresident Jefferson had the goo J fortune of a surplus revenue, he asked to what purpose the surplus should be applied, and ex­ pressed his belief that the patriotism of the people would prefer the continuance of the Im­ posts and the application of the money "to the great purposes of the public education, roads, rivers, and canals." Gen. Jackson, when he had the like good for­ tune, had recommended the distribution of the surplus among the States, end a bill for that purpose, introduced by Mr. Calhoun, had been made a law. Larger surpluses had frequently been dealt with wisely by Republican adminis­ trations, 1/einc either applied by the executive authorities to the payment of the public debt, or its accumulation having been prevented by Congress from time to time by the reduction or repeal of taxes. These simple remedies had been Applied in the administration of each of Mr. Cleveland's predecessors since the close of the war without other matters being negleated or a cry of alarm being raised. All such re­ ductions of taxes had been made by the Re­ publican party. The Democrats had now had oontrol of the House of Representatives since the success of the "Mississippi plan" (except for two years} and had not in that time originated or proposed a reduction of taxes. The only Republican Congress in ten years had, by the act of March, 1883, largely reduced both internal taxes and customs duties to meet the very difficulty which now so alarmed the President. Why had not the President followed the ex­ ample of his predecessors by using the itowers conferred upon the Secretary of tne Treasury and applying the surplus to the reduction of the public debt? Instead of that, and though outstanding bonds were redeemable at pleas­ ure, bis administration had changed the form of the debt statement so as to conceal nearly thirty millions of money aa unavailable assets, and had swelled the surplus for nearly a vear until friend and foe alike cried out against it. If the President regarded this growing sur­ plus aa a denser, why bad lie not as aocn as posBible brought his influence to bear upon Congress to provide for a reduction of taxation had m Congress and died. Mr. Cleveland was then President And whyhad not Congress applied the remedy? The XlilXth Congress had lived its two years of the United States. The House of Bepresen tatives contained a large majority.of his^politi- cal friends. They alone had the initative--the constitutional power to introduce a bill to re­ duce taxes. Why had not that been done? The only answer was that a controlling majority of the Democratic party would not allow a bill to be reported unless it contained provisions which (in the opinion of a majority of the mem­ bers of the Houoe) would greatly injure or de­ stroy domestic production, creating real dis­ tress, and reduce wages. If it had been the desire to reduce taxes with­ out reducing American production, the task waa easy; but the enormous powers of the Speaker of the House were used to prevent even the presentation of such a bill, ami in this the Speaker had, it was understood, the hearty sympathy and support of the President and the Secretary of the Treasury. He (Mr. Sherman: had called the attention of the Senate on the 10th of July, 1866, to the pre­ cise difficulty and danger of the situation, and to the readiness of the majority of the Senate to provide for the reduction of taxes and the ap­ plication of the surplus, and if it had not been for the action of the President and his administra­ tion (including the Democratic majority in the House of Representatives) the taxes would then have been reduced without endangering domes­ tic industries. Even without a reduction of taxntion the surplus revenue might have been applied for great national objects but for the vetoes of the President, for the failure of the Secretary of the Treasury to exercise plain dis­ cretionary powers conferred upon him by law, and for the failure of the Democratic House of Representatives to make appropriations for some of the highest national objects demanded by the people. The President had, on what he (Mr. Sherman) regarded as a frivolous reason, refused his sig­ nature to the river and harbor '11, which would have appro] riated more th.... tflO.OO.OOO for necessary public works, and by his veto of the dependent pension bill he had withheld from Union soldiers appropriations made for their relief. The House, too, had refused to provide for a system of coast defenses, for a proper increase and building up of the navy and of the commercial marine, for postal commu­ nication with the South American States, and for the encouragement and support of schools. It had also neglected or refused to appropriate for $8,0lw,0(X} of deficiencies admitted to bo due, or to pass the 8enate bill for refunding to the several States the direct tax levied in 1802-- $14, (X 0,000, Had these several appropriations sanctioned by the Senate been made by the House and ap­ proved by the President, and had the residue of the surplus been applied to the purchase of the public debt, the condition of the Treasury, which now so alarmed the President, would not have existed, the public debt would have been greatly rcduced, and improvements of vital importance to American commerce would be in course of construction. The President has cast doubt upon the power of the Secretary of the Treasury to enter the market and purchase bonds. He spoke of it as a "pretense" or a "supposition." But the second section of the sundrv civil bill of March 3, 1881, gave the Secretary of tl;e Treasury power at any time to apply the surplus, or so much of it as he might consider proper, to the purchase of redemotion of United States bonds, such bonds to be canceled and not to constitute a part of the sinking fund. The law had been passed at hia iMr. Sherman's) request, while he was Secretary of the Treasury, to meet the very difficulty and to operate at any time. Under it the Secretary of the Treasury ought to have applied the surplus from tiuu' to time to the purchase or redemption United States bonds. _ Besides, if the dangers from the surplus reve­ nue were so great and imminent as the Presi­ dent said, why had not the President convened Congress Inst summer to deal with what he called "the precarious condition of financial affairs" and the absolute peril at hand? What more extraordinary occasion could ocur for the exercise of the power to convene Congress But the President had not done this, and Con­ gress (now in regular session; was not to be driven pell-mell by an outcry to reverse the country's policy for thirty years--that policy being to build up domestic industries by rea­ sonable and proper protection against foreign productions. He i Mr. Sherman) wished to approach the questions presented with a sincere respect for the President, but with a consciousness that Senators and Representatives had the respon­ sibility of acting upon such matters with fuller information and a broader view of the interests of their constituents than any executive officer could have. He agreea, as he had said more than once lest Congress, that the revenue should be reduced, ami the Senate would be ready to share in the task as soon as the House gave it Jurisdiction. And if the Secretary of ihe Treasury would from time to *me only to hia pattef awpfrtagjlis nrveaue to eeneaft He did not" attribute either to the President or to the Secretary of tbe Treasury an tnte*t to produce the danger* ani difficulties by which the country was threatened; nor did be call In otioa their integrity or fidelity; bat when •J tried to alarm tbe country so aa to induoe CongTees to break down great industrial inter­ ests, lie pointed them to the neglect of a pnblie duty intrusted to their discretion as the fount­ ain of their woes. Aa artificial scare oould not be made toeover the faults and defects ot the administration. The internal system of taxation upon spirits, tobacoo and beer the President had dismissed With a single sentence, saying that none of those articles were necessaries; that there seemed to be no just complaint of such taxa­ tion by eonaumer*, and that there seemed to be nothing so well able to bear the burden Without hardship to any portion of the people. It might be that there was no complaint of consumers; bnt could that be said of the pro- slneers of these articles? Tobacco manu­ facturers, distillers and brewers might not complain (because the necessary requirements of collection laws gave them a close monopoly), but the farmers, who had to sell to licensed dealers alone, did complain. The tax on wnisky ml^ht (and to a certain extent did) re­ strain the use of whisky aa a beverage, and in that way the tax did good, bnt tbe taxes on beer and tobaoco did not. Internal taxeswere a necessity during the war; but now, if con­ tinued, they should be reduced, and the tax on tobacco especially should be remitted. 'though not a necessity, like broad and meat, the use of tobaoeo was so geuorai that its tax was a burden to the farmer and to the con­ sumer. The special taxes on rectifier*, special dealers, stills, etc., yielding annually &>,5J0,000, ought to he repealed and their imposition left to the States, ami the tux on spirits and beer might be so modified that tne States could make taxes on the consumption of these articles a source of revenue. If the object sought was only to avoid the ac­ cumulation of surnlus, the easy, natural and logical course was to repeal or largely to reduce internal revenue. P>ut the President proposed to continue these taxes without diminution, so that he might strike a more effective blow at the taxes now resting upen foreign produc­ tion?. It was the protective industrial policy built up by the Republican party that they would break down. , The President's message, fairly construed, .was a severe indictment of all engaged in man­ ufactures--a sweeping accusation against the policy of protection as supported by the great in ass of his countrymen and recommended by his most illustrious predecessors, it showed that he favorea a public policy which would leave American manufacturers and workmen 1 to the hard, sharp and grinding competition ot "the capital and labor of the world. 'ij Proceeding to details, Mr. Sherman said that during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1887, tbe total value ot foreign importations was $583,- f). 0,000, $"233,000,000 of that amount being free of •luty; so that, as to over one-third of all articles <Jof foreign pynluction consumed iu this country, jthere was 'baoluteiy free trade. They were Jnainly such artlcles as did not come into com- ^petition with domestic industry. With that ;iind ot free trade he was in hearty sympathy. Pt was exactly the opposite policy that was pro­ posed by the President and by the school to which be belonged. They sought to place taxes upon articles now free, such as taa and coffee, in order that a greater reduction might be made on artioles that did come into competition with home industry, 1 here should not be a uniform rate of- duty on imported goods, but there should be a oare- ful discrimination and classification of rates, depending upon the nature and quality of the goods, upon who were to be the consumers, and . upen the effect which the rates proposed would jlhave upon domestic industry. Therefore, arti- •Scies of voluntary use, of luxury, ornament, or appotite, not in common use among the peo­ ple, and which are purchased almost exclu­ sively by tbe wealthy, should bear a higher rate of taxation. This .applied to wines, liq­ uors, and cigars, and to Bilks, satins, ana broadcloths, innumerable articles of dress or­ nament, to porcelain, statuary, painting, glass­ ware, and tbe like. Another class of duties was on articles ot food and cn animals, which paid a duty the last fiscal year of Sni8,0(>0,u00. Of this sum sugar, rice, and fruit paid more than nine- tenths. These were articles that enter into tne consumption of every family in the United States. What better mode, he asked, could be suggested to reduce surplus than to repeal the duty on sugar, and thus directly relieve the people from $-'8,500,000 of taxes on an article in most general use and now bearing a tax of Hi X'er cent? The effort to produce sugar in the United States in quantities at all approach­ ing the demand had failed, though protected by the highest tariff rates. Still, in view of the hopeful prospects of producing sugar from beets and sorghum cane, as well as from sugar cane, he would not cripple that industry by re­ ducing protective duties, except by giving the producers of domestic sugar a bounty equal to the reduction of duty on tbe imported article. But the duties of which the President com­ plained were those for the benefit of manufact­ urers, and ho urged especially "a radical reduc­ tion of the duties imposed upon raw materials used in manufactures or tiieir free importa­ tion." The great body of crude articles im­ ported which entered into the processes of do­ mestic industry to the value of *106,000,090 were now free of duty. Every imported article of that class was go unless it competed direotly with the development of American resources. Duties averaging 3'2 per cent, were now levied on such imported articles, valued at $59,500,000, and which yielded a revenue of >19,000,000. The chief of them were wool, flax, hemp, and other textile grasses, hops, bristles, and seeds. The remainder were chiefly metals -are or pigs --coal, and marble. These imports came into direct competition with tbe productions of nearly 2,<Xk),000 Ameri­ can farmers and of hundreds of thousands of laboring men. This moderate protection given to the labor and capita! employed in mining end agricultural industries was the favorite point of assault by the President and all free­ traders. It was the citadel of the protective system. The whole depended upon the prin­ ciple that it was wise to give by tariff laws to all forms of American labor the degree of pro­ tection or advantage which tho imposition of duties on similar foreign productions necessa­ rily gave. That had been tho rule since the beginning of the Ooveramont, and recom­ mended by every President from Washington to Polk, aud whenever that rule was departed from the whole system would (ail. Thq object . was protection to labor, not to capital, •Turning to manufactures Mr. Sherman said that the imports not on the free list and not classed by him as luxuries or raw materials, amounted in value to $218,003,000 and paid SS4,- 000,000 in duties. These importations came in­ to direct competition with domestic manufact­ ures, which had been mainly built up by the encouragement of tariff lawu. Scarcely any of them had existed in the United States when the Constitution was framed. Since then they had flourished or foundered by the changing rates of the revenue laws. A careful revision of rates had leen wade by the tariff commis­ sion of 18V2. All branches of domestic industry had become adapted to these rate?. It was this system which was denounced by the Pres­ ident as "vicious, inequitable, and illogical." The President assume J that the duty on im­ ported articles was added to the price of simi­ lar articles of home production ; but such was not the fact. In the absence of domestic com­ petition the importer fixed his own price and added the duty and expenses to the cost; bnt at the first sign of American aompetition the price was reduced, and often, in a stagnant market, goods were sold at far less than the original cost and duty. As a rule, imported goods competing|with American goods were sold in the American market cheaper than in the European market {duties addedi. The most important benefit conferred by the tariff laws was that they not only diversified American industries, but secured to the laborer employed in manufactures Higher wages and better surroundings and advantages than were enjoyed by laborers in similar employments anywhere in the world. The treatment of this question by the President was a delusion and a snare. The President assumed that the cost of living (especially of food and clothing) was higher in the United States than in Europe. That was not true. Food of every kind, except sugar, was cheaper here than in any market in Europe. The clottuuff worn by workingmen, including blankets, was sold here at as low prices as in I^ondon or Liverpool. The quan­ tity and quality of food of laboring men were confessedly better and greater here than in Europe, and the rate of wages was from 60 to ̂CHICAGO 100 per cent, higher here. The President aid not dispute these points, but appealed to the manufacturer (who had been represented as a robber, a conspirator, and extortioner) not to reduce the workingman's wages, but to pay more out of the surplus prof­ its--profits very often found on the wrong side of the ledger. What workingman did not feel that this was a sheer evasion of the inevitable result of an effort to reduce his wages by invit­ ing a close competition with pauper labor? Tho workingman would have to share the fate of his employer and diviae with him the loss. Tho question was one purely of wages. If wages were not greater here than in England, Franoe, and Belgium (America's chief com­ petitors), the country could, no doubt, compete now with all the world in all metallic and tex­ tile fabrics. But would it bo wise to pursue a policy that would compel the reduction of wagos to the general standard in Europe? Tho Republican party had declared it to be the duty of the National Government not only to levy enough duties on imported merchandise to support the Government, but to levy those duties BO as to secure to laboring men cm- ploved in manufactures such wages as would enable tbem to supjiort, maintain, and educate properly their wives and children. Cheap labor in this count y meaut the degradation of American politics. He had thus endeavored, be said, to give a respectful answer to the President's message. He waa willing (according to the Republican national platform of 183li to correct the irregu­ larities of the tariff and to reduce the surplus-- not by the vicious and undis; riminating process ot horizontal reduction, but by such methods as would relieve the taxpayer without injuring the laborer or the great productive industries of the country. But ho could not do that and at the same time follow the recommendations at tbe President. He could not deepen and in­ tensify the struggle now going cm between em­ ployers and employed by inviting increasing competition, crippling manufacturers, and re­ ducing wages. He greatly preferred a policy that would encourage home Industry, discour­ age Importations, and develop tbe wonderful natural teeonroce ot the eomrtsfc " The Commerce of the Garden City for the Yopr c . , 8OT- i :* fi'Si B ««tt!wa tl,103,000,0M, in & create of Over 10 1*8 Bar Cant. Over 1888. Large Beeeipts ef Cattle aai Sheep, 6et Cera aad Heft Skew *- • Deereaaa. . ! [CHICACO connaspoHDKxcB.1 The commercial history of Chicago for the year 1887 presents many interesting features. The total trade of the year reached the enor­ mous sum of $1,103,000,060, being a gain at about 10*4 per cent, over 1886. The hanks did an un­ usually prosperous business, nearly all Of them making larger profits than in any preceding year in their history. FBODTTCB. The following table exhibits the total receipts and shipments of flour and grain during the past year, as oempared with 1M, aud the grand total of all kinds of grain, with flour reduced to wheat; WINTER SP0&T8. Doings of the Base-Ball Players, Articles. Receipts. 1887. 1886. Shipments. 1886. Flour, bleJ 6,5a»,8Mj 4,139,1651 6,990,1311 3,778,227 UfKAai At ifa Ate 1a fei ned iVM IE esA VAA Wheat.bu 21,476,016 16,771,743 86,862,077 Corn, bu. 51,614,762 62,861,5M Oats. bu. 45.373.KK 39,976,215 Bye, bu . 853,731 955,047 Barley bu|l2,V15,«0a(12,740,913 50,552,691 37,005,437 691,448 7,270,195 15,790,129 .16,376,476 92,364,968 817,553 7,826.190 The markets for produce were dull most of the time, but the movement was far from being small. This city has handled a large propor­ tion of the produce of the soil, and generally at low prices. The following are the totals for last year, with corresponding figures tor 1B8»>; 18 ft. Flour « 94,650,000 Wheat.... 15,850,000 Corn ft),000,000 Oats 12,610,000 Rye 45J.OOO Barley.. 6,700,0(» Millstuffs, etc 1,593,000 Total breadstuff^.. Butter Cheese v.., Hides and pelts...:., Wool Flax Other seeds Broom com Bait Potatoes. ..., Tallow and grease... Hay Beans Apples Other vegetables.... Hops Eggs.. 1883. 9 15.800,000 12.COJ.OOO a*.6oo,ojo 13,010,900 580,000 8,550,000 1,440,000 .t 81,250,000 ,8,015, 8,840,000 1,503, l,50f), 250,CO 3,500,000 . 176,645,000 520,000 1,275,000 6,700,000 15,900,000 15,000 7,175,000 • 89,900,000 18,700,000 . 8,100,000 000,000 7,600,000 7,940,000 ,8,770,000 * 11,440,000 1,331,250 1,750,000 t500,000 000,000 200,000 600,00U 270,000 1,100,000 8.000,000 3,000,000 186,741,750 500,000 440,000 6,500,003 9,560,000 250,000 7,357,00J Poultry and game.. Live stock Beef. Pork, barreled...... Lard .... Meats IhogS) Dressed hogs Miscellaneous Total produoe... .1360,500,000 •882.000.000 Total 1?8*» 837,500,000 Total 1881 856,000,000 Total 1883 400,000.000 Total 1881 882,000.000 Total 1881 867,500.000 Total 1880.... 81U,000.000 WHOLK8ALK TBA.DK. The several departments of the wholesale trade show a marked improvement over the business of 1886, which Was the first in a rather long series of years to show a material advance hi values as compared with the quantity of goods sold. The following are the totals for last year, with corresponding figures tor 1886: 1887. 1886. Groceries and confec­ tions 8 62, 00,000 S 88,000,000 Dried and Cal. fruits ... Salt-water fish Fresh-water fish Oysters Canned salmon Wooden and willow ware Dry goods, etc ;.. Carpeting! Millinery, eto Clothing Hats and cape. Furs....... Boots and shoes Leather and findings.... Drugs aud chemioals... Crockery and glassware Coal-oils Books and stationery... Paper Paper stock Wall-paper Pianos Keed organs Other musical instru­ ments Musical stationery, eto. Liquors, etc Carriages Iron ore Pig-iron Pig-lead Coal.... Lumber. Tobaoco Jewelry Iron, manufactured.... Building materials Miscellaneous 3,000,00(1 2.000,00J 49J.OOO 2,000,000 900,0)0 2,500,000 74,000,000 6,000,000 6,500,000 24,000,000 6,000,000 2,000,000 20,475,000 2,360,000 6,500,000 4,500,000 6,000,000 16,6UOtfl0O 23,000,000 5,450,000 1,000,000 2,600,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 450,000 11.000,000 l,50iv000 3,740,000 18,900,000 3,750,000 28,440,000 40,000,000 14,90J,000 15,090,000 lj,600,000 3,450,000 8,885,000 2,850,000 2,00),000 565,000 2,259,000 725,000 2,500.00J 65.750,000 5,300,000 6,000,000 23,000,000 8,000,000 1,751),000 19,500,000 2,250,000 6,250,000 4,000.000 8,800,000 4,950,000 1,259,000 2,900,000 1,50(1000 800,000 400,000 10,750,000 1,485,' 0J 9,600,000 14,COO,OOJ 3,87u,000 92,675,000 86,000,000 14,800,000 ia,ooo,oOo 14600,000 4,400,000 9,278,000 Total wholesale....8440,000,000 $408,000,000 Do. in 1881 880,000,000 Do. in 1884 370,000,000 LIVE STOCK. Chicago's cattle and sheep receipts have in­ creased greatly beyond all expectations dur­ ing 1887, but the hog receipts suffered a heavy decrease, owing to a smaller hog crop and a partial diversion of the packing to points fur­ ther west. Compared with 1886, the local packing during the year shows a general fall­ ing off. The Chicago receipts of cattle, hogs, sheep, and horses tor ten years past have been as follows: Hogs. Sheep. Horses. 6,809,651 310,420 9,415 6,448,30) 325,119 10,473 7.0 >11,355 335,810 10,399* 6,474,841 493,024 12,909 5,817,501 628,887 13,856 5,6 to, 62 > 749,917 16,258 5,35l,9<>7 801,630 18,602 6,937,635 1,008,508 19,856 6,718,761 1,008,790 27,599 5,459,812 1,362,390 46,203 LUMBER. Chicago received during 1887 a total of 1,866,- 000,000 feet of lumber, against 1,742,981,003 feet in 1886, and shipped 9i! ),4l7,0J0 feet, against enly 88-i,672,000 in isSH. While there was a large increase in the lumber movement, as appears from the above figures, the shingle receipts suf­ fered a heavy falling off, owing to a greatly reduced production at the mills. Only 610,440,- 00.) shingles were received during the year, againnt 8l3,8ft),00'J pieces in 1880, and the shin­ gle shipments fell to 71,470,000 pieces, against 102,11>2,U00 in 1886. The stocks of lumber, shingles, aad lath held In this city December 1 for seven years com­ pare aB foilowB: Year. Cattle. 187 8 1.038/M8 187 9 1,215,739 188 0 1,382,447 188 1 1,498,550 188 2 1,582,530 1888 1,878,944 1884 1,817.697 1885... 1,905,518 188 6 1,963,900 1887 2,377,852 Shingles. Lath 205,2tii!,174 53,117,573 309,9.12,650 7C, 094,869 449,258,650 52,7;») ,13:14 336,7t 0,492 6f,i 05,500 411,602,828 99,8-11,115 Year, Lumber. 188 1 890,781,223 188 2 719,453,812 188 3 682,771,984 1884 860,936,272 188 5 881,389,703 1886 608,416,'.140 483,123,712 63,5£4,34S 1897 623,434,984 428,049,700 48,550,180 IBOX MANUFACTURES. The enormous development of the railway system throughout the country last year gave an almost unprecedented impetus to nearly all the iron industries, particularly the manu­ facture of steel rails, and Chicago came in for her share of tbe bo mi in this direction. The output of one set of mills is estimated at $14,900,.M)0, against $9,000,0!*J tho previous year, and another mill did nearly five times as much work. The total produc­ tion of pig iron in the United States for the year is estimated at 6,288,OtO gross tons, or about 10fg per cent, in excess of that of lHtu. Another element in connection with iron has been the increased demand for manufactured goods in the shape of steam-engines, boilers, machinery, etc. This has necessitated the enlargement--at least in th s city--of a consid­ erable number of the foundiies and other es­ tablishments. BUILDING. The City Building Department Issued, dur» lng 1887, permits numbering 3,79/ tor the erec­ tion of ->,831 structures within the limits of Chicago. The frontage covers 115, >06 feet, and the cost of the buildings is reported at il'.»,'i78,- 100, although it is estimated that the actual expenditure was fully 25 percent in excess of that sum. In addition to the foregoing, permits were issued for the erection of 2,098 sheas, at a cost of >20.),Oi 0. The comparisons for tho pre­ vious five years are as fol .ows : Year. Buildings. Frontage. 18-19 S.113 1883 4,086 188 4 4,169 188 5 4,638 18H0... 4,664 1887 4,833 73,lt31 85,588 98,782 108,952 112,302' 115, .-06 Cost. $16,842,^00 17,00 ',000 9D,l)f?9,600 111,0-4,100 XI,324,400 1»,778,100 Trade of Other Western Cities. Ves Moines. -There was expended for im­ provements in Des Moines during the past year $4,;<o0,00j, and 700 houses were erected. The real estate transactions amounted to 14,985,000, and the manufacturing products amounted to 814.45.V20J. The wholesale trade amounted to t2j.5.rl,8t0. Other miscellaneous business, 815,891,514, making a total volume of business for 1887 of 861,391,207. Omaha.--Omaha expended in 1887 for public improvements, packing houses, factories, oank- iug and business houses, school buildings, churches, and_ctyellings a total of 112,413,529, The wholesale trade against 87,330,7 >1886. I dwellin 738'in 18 4,00,000, nk cleari year, and the receipts of live stock were wo per cent, greater than in 1886. Tbe population Is estimated at 100,000. Orer 2.500 buUdi^s at all Tdtoggaalng, Skating, and Other Pas­ times--Ctauip fr<na Sporting . ,A .J . • V -•* » , • ' Chicago is jnst at present enjoying aa unprecedented!; brilliant season of winter sports, and from present indications it will continue for some days to coma. The season for ice-skating, sleighing and to­ bogganing has indeed been a backward one, bnt New Year's day ushered in some typical winter weather. The crisp, cold air and the heavily falling enow delighted every owner of a toboggan and a pair of skates in the city, and during the afternoon and evening ot the second day of January, the public aud private slides and toe-skating parks were thronged bv thousands of gayly costumed sport-seekers, who plunged into the snow-hanks at the end of the ran-ways or glided over the smooth snrfaoe of the ioe. Perhaps the most brilliant New Year's day event that occurred in Chicago was the formal opening of the monster Blide of the Onaway Toboggan Club. There are some­ thing like BOO members in the organization, and as ali are wealthy and aristocratic mem­ bers of Chicago social circles, the opening of the alide was a brilliant event. The structure is located near tbe north end of the beautiful Lincoln Park, and from its summit--seventy feet above the ground-- one commands a magnificent view of the frozen surface of old Lake Michigan; of the picturesque and undulating expanse of Lincoln Park, with the smoke-enshroud- ed towers and steeples of Chicago in the distance. The names of many of Chica­ go's millionaire merchants appear upon the charter membership list of the club; and the gorgeous costumes and elaborate ar­ rangements that have been made for com­ fort and convenience all bespeak the fact that expense has been disregarded by the instigators and members of the organisa­ tion. From noon until nearly midnight, New Year's Day, the runways were crowded with happy people, young and old. All during tha afternoon and later on, under the glare of the electric lights, the merry tobogganists shouted and hallooed as they ahot by each other over the ice- coated incline. It was a brilliant scene; the gaily, not to say gaudily-be­ decked clubmen and ladies, with their woolen garments and spacious hoods, with their leathern buskins, proof Against the snow that abounded; the ladies, as in their downward flight they screamed and hung on to the sides or the sled with death-like tenacity, and upward trudged, with cheeks aglow and eyes ablaze with excitement; the swift, breath-denying rush, as on its course the toboggan, freighted with its joyous cargo, sped with incredible rapidity; the wildness of the hilarious sport; the merry tumult, all together pre­ sented a spectacle not easily forgotten. The gayety went on increasing with the lapse ot time and the fast approach of dusk. The weather during the early por­ tion of the day waa superb, and the 'slides all that could be desired. As night fell, and the large reflecting headlight came into use, the clear sky be­ came Overcast, and snow--a light, pow­ dery fall of snow--made its appearance. The flaming torches and headlighta were of sufficient power to illume the grounds for a large area, and the continuous rush of the toboggans prevented the snow from aggregating where it would be obstructive. The center of the slide is spanned by a bridge capable of accommodating a han­ dled or ao onlookers, fend this was gener­ ously availed of. The slide proper is 1,000 feet in length, and at its highest point at­ tains an altitude of sitxy-flve feet. The entire club has been costumed by A. G. Spalding & Bros., so that the club attire is uniform throughout in style and color. The club colors are red, black, and orange, and the combination, fantastically worked as it is, makes a remarkably hand­ some uniform. Great pains have bean taken to make this olub one of the beat in the country, and with its loeation and large membership, together with the assiduous care that is lavished on the icy snrfaoe of its slides, it bids fair to eclipse all its rivals. Of the other slides in the city, that at the Chicago Base-Ball Park is perhaps tha most popular among Chicagoans. New Year's day i: was visited by many parties from ouuying towns, who wanted to aee how city people enjoyed the sport, and it is safe to say that no one of these visitors will forget their New Year's sport of 1888. Boiler skating and ice akating, together with the merry jingle of the sleigh-bells, is giving young Chicago all it can attend to just at present in the way of winter pea- times. ALL SORTS FROM SPORTING CIKCLE8. Evan Lewis, the wrestler, is slowly re­ covering from his serious illness. An epidemic of sparring and glove con­ tests appears to have seized the country. Parson Davies says that he is willing to match Carkeek against Greek Geoige. Paddy Ryan's star has set It waa hot a big star, anyhow, and its glimmer will not 1)0 iDiisod* The death af Tommy Wallace, the bill- iardist, will be mourned by every lover of the "gentleman's game." Jack Burke has arranged a six-round fight with Foley, to oome off at Sydney, New South Wales, next week. Lon Myers, the great American sprinter, is paralyzing the natives of Australia by his wonderful leg work. Charley Parker is going to take Schaefer, Slosson, and Carter to California for a series of exhibition games. Kilrain is still posing as the champion pugilist of America. Sullivan is nothing but a second-rate fighter. An effort is to be made to arrange a twenty-round glove contest between War­ ren and O'Leary, to come off in Milwaukee in a few weeks. As Kilrain and 8mith show no disposi­ tion to finish their "fight" the "great inter­ national mill" of two weeks ago will be looked upon as a fake. O'Connor will, according to reports, double up with Ned Hanlon and row any double-scull team in the country when Ned returns from the antipodes. It is feared that the Yale Crew will have to abandon their proposed trip to England next year, as it is probable that Gro, Wood- .ruff and Caldwell will be out of it. The "Star," Toboggan and "Peerless" club skate, bearing the Spalding trade­ mark, continues to be tho iavorite 'among Chicago ice skaters and tobogganists. Mike Kelly has returned to the East from California. Burns and Sullivan have also left there for Chicago. Dunlap has finally decided to play with the Pittsburg club next season. It is said that Soxiders, the new pitcher of the Boston club, has a lame arm which may irouble him next season. Anson, Ward and Morrill are the best ball team captains in tho country to-day. Only three months now until professional ball players will be required to report for dutv for the season of 1888. •v , * . V UiLINOIS STATE IfEWHL THE superstitious ancients were filled with fear or awe as they watched the meteoric showers that occnr annu­ ally in August and November. For countless ages these showers have con­ tinued. The showers that oocur in November commence about the 10th and continue until the 11th. The Au­ gust showers commence the 6th and continue until the 12th. The August showers were formerly known aa "St. Lawrence's Tears," and by the igno­ rant peasantry were auppoaed to be the burning tears of thai martyr, whose fmt fall fiB th^ 10th ttf thj »- . --A kaadbarof ipnriooi gold been lately pawed on tha tiaijaip, qafcaf Champaign. . ̂ . --The only child of Georga W. Bob* bins of Decatur waa fatally baraed «•-. oently. While the mothar waa.absaat th* child ignited its Clothing. It lived bat aa hour. ; --The death la snnnnnnril at Trinalafij. of tha Bev. IX P. Bunn, Univenalist -- ister, aged 76. He waa Cheplaia ot fee * Fifty-fourth Illinois Begimatii, aad a member of the Maaonic aad Odd Fattaw , lodgea. , --Dr. J. H. Bauchef the State Beard «£ Health has been at Clinton confexxiaf with the city authorities as to the beat Mieaaff for preventing any spread of saall-pmu He directed a quarantine of the piadM ̂ the compulsory vaccination of school chil­ dren, and the complete ieolaHoa ef Wf ; new cases. . . --Miss Nora V. Parr, of Champafea, aa£ Will Doig, of Chicago, aad lfiaa Laaia Hall, of Champaign, and Prof. 8. W. Parr, of Illinois College, Jacksonville* were married at the Congregational ChtiNht of Champaign recently. Tha doable eate- mony was conducted by the Bev. John S. Parr, of the Grace Congregational Chtmh, Chicago. A reception followed. % --The result of the temperance of Wni J. MeConnell at Joliet, auspices of the Young Woman'a G1 Temperance Union, is the orgaaxxalloB of a temperance league with a Superintandaoft of Prosecutions to procure evidanoe and prosecute all violation of existing Hqaer laws. This is Mr. McConneU's --teath week there, and the revival still riontinase The workingmen' have joined J numbers. --For the year 1887 the revenue of Peoria were much heavier th before. No other diatrict in the approaches the enormous sums which are paid the Government in Peoria evi iy vraah. The collections for the month of Deeeat- ber were $2,372,927, and for the year 1887 $16,417,498. This is $3,576,000 than the revenue collected in 1886. Since 1886 Ola district has paid over $171,000,000 in tha shape of internal-revenue taxea. --Judges C. B. Smith, Jamea & Hughes, and J. W. Wilkin met at Phai paign and made the allotment for tha spring term of the Fourth Circuit. Judf* Hughes will hold the court in Piatt, Edgar, aud Coles counties, and the Jane tans fat Macon County; Judge Smith will hold court at the Januaty term in Macon Coan> ty, the February and May terms in Tes- milion, Champaign, Chirk, and Moaltrie counties; Judge Wilkin will hold in Deng- las County on account of Clark aad Moal> trie counties' terms convening at the same time; Moultrie County will be postponed until April 30. All other terms will ha held at the time fixed by law. --William P. Crawford, banker, of OMft* exon, Texas, and Miss Anna, the aideet daughter of Captain Frank FitzwilUama, recently. The I M . f M -„>• * The bridemaids were Misa May! the bride's aister, and Mias Nellie with Misses Laura McCurdy, Fannie Ch*- nqy, Effie Brown, and Mary Fitzwilliam apt stating. The bride wore a white ntiwaaa silk, with overdress of Chantilly laoe, dia­ monds and flowers. Mr. aad Mh. Craw­ ford departed at once for California, when they will spend the winter, going to Texaa in the spring. Mr. Crawford retired eaty a few months ago from the m« the Bloomtngton Dotty Leader to in banking in Texaa. Manygueata froaa distant Statea were pie--t at the weddi^» --A decision has been rendered hy Judge Waterman to the effect that the Stale Beard of Health has no power to revoke the cer­ tificate of a practising physician merely because he advertises hi the newspapem. The suit was brought against tha State Board of Health by a licensed practitioner named J. C. MoCoy, who had advertised his professional business in tha Chioago papers, for whioh "unprofessional conduct" the State Board revoked hia license. The oourt in rendering its declared that-- mk a: The right ot a party charged with a i ble olfenae to notice ia elementary and one ef the first rules necessary to the aailnisWai of justice. The defendant had a perfectly* stitutlonal right to advertise in the newspapers, and he can't be deprived ot it I^My nus er regulation of the State Board at Health. 1 association, if its action be held as legal ia 1 case, could summarily try and punish far as alleged offense a brother practitioaer wttboot any notice whatever, while this tribunal, which com prised the powers of judge, jury, umt prosecutor, might be composed of men who were the mortal enemies of the practitioner buch a proceeding partakes of the mtan at the star chamber, whose decrees led So a revolution and the death of a king of on the scaffold. Such an institution as the State Hoard of Health or any other instttatkas must not be tolerated toext rcise sccha power la a free country, and its aeta most in thlsces* be declared unconstitutional aad the plaiatUPa certificate restored to him. --The greatest horse-thief in the Weal has lately been discharged from the Joliet prison after serving a sentence of nine years from Henderson County. His vari­ ous names are catalogued aa Glenn Vaaa- skoat, alias Frank Bradshaw, alms Geotga Van Zant, alias James Green, and he ia the most inveterate horse-thief known. He is a very venerable-looking white-haired man of 68 years, and has had his nedc stretched three times on suspicion of horse-stealing, to force information froaa him, without avail. He has served thirty years in the Joliet prison, and bis total sentence was seventy-two years. He waa first sentenced from Will Couutyin 18S6 for six years, and from Mason County ia 1862 for one year; from same county ia 1864, one year; iu 1863 from Hancock County for seventeen years, aud froaa Peoria County iu 1879 for thirty-six years on twelve indictments of three years each. He was released after serving the first three years on account of a defect in the indict­ ment, and sent to Henderson County, where he was sent up on his last stretah for nine years. He says he will never steal another horse, but it ia-a mania with him, and he cannot help IL Vauskoat operated on a large scale. He had a number of confederates. They used t* take fxom ten to twenty horses a aiChtfte the western part of this State, pat thaae aboard a big scow on the Mississippi awK ahip them to Memphis and other i points, and realise handaomely • Many of Yanskout'a confedasetaa lynched, and Vanskoat hiawal eecaped that fate sevanl ttoaa : MM ifi' *. . J , > .: • V . •' * " /o .. ,.i A