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»*zinW***i ̂ mrm-̂ m **** ifry*w*iw» ;%.v*>: < • J "* \ \ t \ 1 ,v " '- "**' ' . « '" „>.. > - • * ~- '" * *T " • *, y '*-%£SS VMT ' ': *§?: fulfil » ,f~ '• ';.Q GOOD OF PROTECTION CHEAPER GROCERIES, MACHIN­ ERY AND CLOTHIN9. l»w« Prices on KTsrjtbing tha Farmer Bay* - Convincing Exposition of the Honeflts AH Ring From Pur*nance of Uw Ibpublleui Party's Tariff Plans. [Speech of Hon. James F. Wilson.] Tie Benate, as in committer of the whole, liavlng under consul, ratun the hou-e bill (H. It. 941ti) to reduce the revenue and equalize duties on list orta, and for other purposes-- Mr. Wilson, of [owa. said: Mr. President --I have listened to the remarks of the sen­ ator from Arkansas [Mr. Berry] with defi­ nite attention, and I am free to say with some degree of distress. It ist always an uncomfortablo thing to me to find a senator •endeavoring t;> discuss a question In respect of which he has so small an amount of defi­ nite information as seems to have been pos­ sessed by the senator from Arkansas. He started'out with the general statement that all of the beneficial results arising from a tariff system were absorbed by the manu­ facturers. lie took the precaution to state iu substance, if not In terms, that lie was a»ot definitely informed as to all the details covered by the field of the subject which he was discussing, and I desire now to give liim some of that definite information which may relieve the distress of mind under which he has labored. I have In my hand an article which ap­ peared in the Fort Dodge (Iowa) Messenger of April 10,1800. and which I propose to give to the senator from Arkansas during the few remarks I shall make, In order that he may tako it with him to the privacy of his room and home and get out of it that con^ isolation which he has not been able to de­ rive from his studies of this question. I know very well the author of this arti­ cle. He is a man of honor and good stand­ ing^! his Community, and I have no doubt lias written the truth. The article Is as fol­ lows: We are very for from Affirming or believing that our social order is perfect. There is much nequality and iniubtieo in the distribution of burdens and rewards. But tho iuu orfant ques­ tion is whether matters ato growing bott r or worse. Are the rich growing richer and the poor poorer? Are the tiiist* »in i moro; o!ies of which we road BO m;;ch MSI'in^ life harder for the man who works by the nay or the month. «nd for the farmer who must sell hid prodrcj m < ornpetition with tte world? Ara tho ine­ qualities of lif<i becoming giea'er'.' Are the poor more in the pow er of the rich than for­ merly V Is It, true that, none of the icc:eified product!"' n of civilization go?a to laborThese are the living questions. 1a ts are b Iter th n opinions, and we ha<t> gathered a few fuct» tuac <are very com incing. PRICKS IN 1880 COMPARED WITH 189\ What better ir.ethols of determining these quest ions is there than to co upare the present with the past in cold figures Do the wagts of the wovkinj-men buy more or better focd, clothes, comforts and" luxuries now tban for­ merly, or do they nut? if not, then it is t ue that lie is not gstting any benefits fr mi the de­ velopments of the age. But if we find a general reduction iu the cost of what ha has to buy it is evident that he is beln^ benefited by t je i - •creased production. We have accordingly applied to one merchant in each line of trade in Fort Do Ige for a com­ parative staU'imnt of his leiail prices row and in 1880. We have cbostn llie voar^tlSi for com­ parison insical of one more distant because we wish to sLow the comparatively recent re­ ductions. if 1870 or 1HS0 had been ehosan the comparison on all manufactured artic es would, of oo;irse shown much greater reductions. We have en leaver d to procure a strictly fair state­ ment, requesting that care ba taken to compare Articles of tho same grade, and if possible of the same brt,nd, ani to give the cash price in each' case. There are aorrietimon so many grades of the Fame article tbat some confusion may arise unless it is borne in mind that the 18SJ and lS.w prices given are >or one and the same grndn. In eome cases, where there > re many makes and tr.tdes and prices, it is more line ligent lOfeive the (ercentage of reiuction on all. KMtDWARE. The stock or a hardware store can almost be classified as farm implements, and wo will ex­ amine hardware next. At the top of the list we place barb wire, as its consumption is wholly by the farmers. Our farmer friends will aardly be ablo to realize that ten years ago they were paying ten cents a pound for barb wire. But we know they were, for we have ex­ amined the charges upon the books of one of the best tlrms in Fort Dodge. All of the prices here were produced by examining the books of this firm for 18N0. This, is not, therefore, mere guesswork upon the part of the compiler of this article. Articles. Barb wire; per pound...... Fence staples 1 e ' pound,. Iron nails. per keg foteel nails, per keg Plain witc, per pound.: Wash boiler Stove-pipe joint Horseshoes, per keg Tool sted, perpaund l'low steel.per j ound Cook stove Mattock and ha:idle Wrench Blossburg o al, perowt Bull ring Putty, per pound Khftt, per ponn" Iron, per pound Four-tined fork Seat spring, pair I.antern Common clevis .... Milk-pans, per dozen Buggy sp ings, per pound.. Swedes iron, per 1 ound Cartridges, per bcx Wire cl<,th. p-r foot Post-auger Cast washers, per pound... Hlop-pail Tin cup Zinc, per pound Flpe uoli&ra... .. Door knoba Cast butts, with screws Chiins, per pouLd File Tin, par sheet l)cor-latches Basket It oof saddle Door key Covered pail Wheelbarrow .Oil-can Plane Pis plates, per dozen Mortise lock ;.... t is a rn pump tfniveraal wiinger Window-glass •-R duced one-half. fF.euuced &5 pei' cent. Wc might have gone on through the whole stock of a hardware store With similar results, but the above were selected at random from a day-book in use in the spring of IKS0 and are v no doubt a fair illustration of how prices in hardware compare with prices ten years ago. There has beer, a good deal of talk of trusts and hith prices and monopolies created by ti;e tariff in hardware gocis, but they do not F.ppear to prevent a good share at leant of the benefits resulting from improved methods and ;n reused protection from reach­ ing the consumer. FARM IMPLEMENTS. Let us take up the etise of the farmer first, as lie is the largebt factor in the Iowa agitation of this problem. 'Ihore have b^en f reat for.unes made in the manufacture of farm implements, and much 1al* of <o:nbincs and exorbitant profits. l ef us see wtether the millionaires have been ab e to absorb nil the LoiicfUs of in­ ventive skill and large pioduction of these im­ plements. COMPARATIVE PBICSSOF 18*0 AND 1890. Price Price Articles. in 188). iu 1890* «elf binder $ 15.00 *130.01 Corn-plnnter arid check-rower. 80(0 40.00 14-in steel beam wal ingplo.v. as.Ou 14.00 Hiding cultivator ... 45 00 25.00 Walkingculti.asor ,... 3i.OO ao 00 Wowing machine 8V10 5J.00 Strowbridgo eeeder 35.t*) 13.00 "Wood pumps 15.00 0.00 Farm wag n 85.00 50.03 "T,vo-seated spritg wagon.. .., 100.00 75.00 Harrows 1 (*) I Corn-shelJers it) I Buggies and carr!agei u'l i "Generally reduced one-half. ' I Hedui o . one-balf.- : All leauccd about one-half. The above are the principal implements iu •common use. Tho reduction in their cost to the farmer slue..- 1HH> runs from :B to HO per •* ent. And the machinery ip> made better than liefore. It should not be strange, if. with these great reductions in the cost of farm implements and with farming land free to settlers, there was an enormous increase in the production of farm xtaples from lhHito lSSOand a shrinkage in prices. Furthermore, has not the workman who labors in the factory where these imple­ ments are made a legimate light tn look foi Mine benelits to himself from these great labor- havers which lie sees go out tr> the fields of pro- duetion? Does not the verv principle for which our restive friends are contending demand that the benefits of rhvaper farm implements shall not be all absorbed by the farmer, but that they shall reach all of the consumers of farm t. produce? \ OIIOCEIUES. Everybody is interested, directly, in the price of groceries. An I the two best Known and most successful trusts in this® i-ountry are i.pon articles which come under this head, sugar and kerosene. 'Ihisis the place, then, where wo ars to find the benefits < f increased production and modern methods all absorbed by rich and cruel monopolies. Price Price Articles. in 1880. in ISA). ..•0.1*14 *0.07 I Trice Trice in 1HS0. iu lo'JJ. .» 0.10 * 0.04 . .10 .05 tuo 2! 80 •C3'i 2.2S 1.75 .'25 .«> tKM 4.50 .£0 .i2'i - -,S!* .08 33.00 21.00 1.40> .85 . .75 .40 .8') .45 .40 .'25 .10 .OS .lai-j, .08 •tti .03 .75 .50 1.75 1.00 1.50 .75 .'20 .10 2.21 1.00 .00 .10 .12! a .00 .33 .15 .an .03 2.23 1.25 • 0i .08 1.00 .(15 .10 .05 .15 .10 .10 .05 .20 .10 .20 .12Sj .43 .14 .63 .25 .35 .<0 .*» .11 .85 .45 V 1.00 .65 .10 .05 .30 .10 2.25 1.S5 .85 .40 1.00 .60 .70 . '5 .90 .35 4.25 2.25 7.00 3.10 (*> 0) in 1800. 90.06 0.05 0.10 0.12 V, 0.25 0,50 0.75 (•) 58 «) Sngnr, standard A Oil 6.03.4 Sugar. C 0.1U 0.06^ Kerosene oil, 150 test, per gallon 0.35 0.13 Ketose> e oil, 175 tttt, per gall-it 0 35 0.15 Salt, per barrel.............. 2.35 1.V5 Flour, |>ercwt 4.50 S.5(} Coffee Java 0.33 0.33 Coffee, Bio 0.«5 0.S5 Canned tomatoes, per «nn 0.15 0.10 Boston butter crackers per lb... 0.12)) 0.10 (-OTU crackers, per pound 0.10 0.06^ Foap per cake 0.07 0.05 Crockery <*) Teas (t) Tobacco ...... <J) *25 per cent, rednetion. t!» per cent, redac­ tion. Jo5 per cent, reduct ion. A P|IHPBISK. Here Is asurpii»«. Ti:e podncts of the two greet "trusts, "suvar tnd oil, show quite as great a reduction as auythin-4. It 1-t possible, after all. that tho a sertion is true that to achieve any permanent sni cess a trust must sell its products lor less tban private manu­ facturers. and ma <eits money out of economies possible in large production under one manage­ ment? One thing is certain, namely, that the consumers of oil ami nupa-s are getting them for much less than ten yt ars ago. DRY GOODS. In dry (ro^ds we find the same downward nnge of prices, showing that the benefits of labor-saving machines and large | rodneiion go to all consumers. Mere are a few figures: Price i'rice Articles. in 1880. Unbleached muslin, per yard $0.06 Calico, per yard 0.07 Gingham, per yard v......... 0.12>3 Worsted dress goods, per yard.. 0.15 do. ....... 0.35 do 0.65 • ...do.. 1.00 I<aoe and embroideries .... Hike and velvets Carpets CeLeral reduction on fctock of dry goods store *... *33 Si per cent, reduction. -f25 to 33^ per cent, rertu tion. . J2-? to .'tS'T per cent. leduction. §23 to 31 per cent. CLOTHING. On clothing comparative figures can not well be giTen because qualities/vary. There has been, however, since IS8 i a general reduction on ready-made clothing ranging from M0 to SO percent., and there has bi en a decided im­ provement in the stabilitv of ready-made clothing. A pa'r of overalls sell for $1, are warranted n t to lip, and last in every day hard labor for months. Good serviceable suit^ can be had from $7 to S10. It is the i^niversal opinion of all familiar with tho trade that the tariff cuts no tgure whatever in the co*t of fc'jch goods as lanolins men and iar<h?rs wear for > onimon. Such goods are as cheap here as in Kngland. The tariff gets in its work on the dress suits and al fine goods, just M the pro- tectiohists intend it shail. BOOTS AND SHOES. Inventive genius has accomplished wonders in t le boot and sho i business since the \ illage shoemaker took orders for the Joor-wear of the T eighbo to.id. Great progress had bten made in the manufacture of fcot wear by lma hinery priorto 1880, but wo are not dealing with lhat ti me now. The average redi£tton in the retail price of foot-wear since 1«80 W ;i3>3 percent. So ell o the beneiiis of improved methods in the product on of f-hoes have n t by any meana been a uibad by the uianu:actu er. WATCHES, CLOCKS AND CTTTLEBY. Th" old-time watchmaker has tone to join the old-time shoemaker. Who gets the benefit of inventive gonius there.- 'l'fae silver watch which r^tiile l in 1880 at £*i0 now retails at »ld. The set cf knives and forks sold in lt>8J at now retails at CI. Everything in the store has suiiered a reduction of from :«'i to 5J pet cent. No gobbling up of all t le benefits of improved methids there. . - i Mr. Spooner. And the Liverpool watch has gone, too. Mr. Wilson, of Iowa. Yes.. FUBNTTCNK. The retail prices of fumitii'o have suffered a reduct on s,n e lssO, rancic? from 25 to 50 per • ent. A half dozen wood n cha rs, such as sell now for $3, sold then for$4.50to S-">. Bods oads, n/d l o v at ®1.75 end $2.50 sold then at §4 and $t>. T e cut i6 iieavy ou all articles, but most on tho m cliine-matle articles. The big manu- facti re s of f.imiture have not been able to 0.btor i all tbe b<nefits o' improved metho 's. it st ou d be btrne .n mind in this conn 'rtion th t the ra.v luiterial of wh eh furniture is n.aiie has no decreased in l rico. nor nave the wagjs of iai.ore.s in the fiicturles t>eon reduced. LUMBER. At first thought one woull not expect much reducti fi in lumber since 188). standing pine costs more now tnsn ihen, but inven ive gemu;has been making the snw mills morrt piol ctive. anil the mill-owners have fail:d to holdall the tenef.t3.ior themselves. Ir ieht rate 4 are also tower. Prices torn par a as fol­ lows : Price Price Arlioles. in 1881. in 1800. Pim«nsions lumber §£0.00 First sheeting. Shingles I irst 8h plap Fencing M> sts, ea h Finishing lumber L.ath I-i ding Dcnrs, #in.1ows, sash nn< *^0 per cent, reduction. HA»XI:SS. Harness costs but little less than ten years ag >. i bis is bac ause most herness is made by hand ana the labor-co>t is as great as ever. In all n:a hine-made gojds theie are considerable red actions. DBUG STORE STOCK AND BOOKS. The general line of drugs are from 20 to 30 per cent, chcapir thi>n in I8t0. • aints are 20 per cent, lower ; lamps, oue-ualf lower; sta ijnery, cn^-half lower; toilet bruslei. }W per cent, lower; paint brushes, not so mcch. 'J he books of stauuard authors are away down ; cost about one-thirl what the/ formerly did. School Looks are much lower, rNTEBEST. I suppose this has reference to the money sharks of whom we have heard. How has the capitalist who liiea on tbe in­ terest of his money tared du ing this time.' is his income as large as ever.' Up to 1879 the county of Webster p:iid 10 per cent, on its in­ debtedness. In 18VJ it made ft loan at 7 per cent, to cleaft up its «id debts. In 18W it m de at other loan, for the purposa of reducing the interest rate end s >)d its 5 per cent, bends at a premium of gl.el • so the rate is now nctually It S 'tban o per cent. The bonds of the inde- pendt nt school district of Fort Dodge draw 5 percent.. lavim? been reduced from 8 to 0 and irom (I to tha presont rate. Ordinary loans do not show the same reduc­ tions in the interest late, b<cause Kastern cap- i al does ne t come vost as fieely to private borrowers ra <n county or s hool distiist bonds. The loan agent gets between tbe prin­ cipals on private I ans a .a makes a > expense. In is o home money central y comniande t 10 1 er < ent. and eastern capita1 7 and 8 per ceiat. with a commission, i-ow, home eapital com­ mands 8 per cent, ar.d outside eajJt^l 6 per c,.ut., with a tonimis.-ion that make* uct 1,u te 1 per cent. more. RAILROAD CHARGES. This article is getting pretty generally over the ground of tho industries of this country. How have the railroads fared during these ten years'? They are too cormorants, WJ are told, who devour tbe substance of the country, in 18K0 the freight rate on wheat from Fort Dodge to v bic go was 33 cents and on Other gra'n .7 cents per hundred ; now the rate en wheat is 22 and other grain id. In 1880 t ie rate on all s;o< k from this point to Chicago was ift>9 per car v'8 leet long; now the rate is yi5» lor cat- t'e und $15 for ho^ , per car of 35 feet. In 1880 the freight on a toarre of salt TIO'JI < hicago to * ort Dodgo w as 6i cents ; now i is 33 cents. In 13S.I the ra:e ou lumber from Uubu jue to Fort i>cd^e was 14 cents ; no v it is 8.3 cents. )n 1880 i he rate on first-c-Ia~s iroigbt from Chi- tag > to Fort Dodge was na < ent;; now it is 70 cents. We should expla n that 7.> < ents w as tte rate in force until a tew weeks rgo. At p es- ent. however, this rate is cut, but is. will (.rob- ably be restored to somewhere near tbe old figure beloie long, eo »e make no ac.ouot of this cut. CONCLUSION. This cl ses the comparison of prues on what theiarmer, mechanic and laborer has to buy It is bevond dispute thht the development of the age has acc. mpl shed a large reduction in all manufactured articles Now, unless th»*re has I ee i a c rresponding reduction in the products of the farm and in ihe wages cf the me henie ftrd laborer, we have e tablished our claim tuat nev- r in the history cf the human nice would a day's labor bty so many com­ forts as to-day. We clip frc.ni the Messenger the to lowicg icport of the iri es of agr.cu.- tura products in IHSO and ls5)J : Wheat: Price in April, I860, 70 to 90 ct nts. The price is not giveu for 1890, this being in the month of April. [Comparison with prices of farm products September 1 would show still more to the advantage of the farmer. In this regard attention need only to be directed .to the present prices of corn und oats which are about twice as much per bushel as in 18S0. --Et>.] Prices in Ap:il 18S». $J.ib to 90.19 .20 ....;.. 18.00 ls.eo 4.50 3.00 84.00 18.00 -.20.10 16.'0 16 .11 40. 0 31.00 3.50 2.50 €0.90 ao.o blind* (*) .55 1.25 .50 3.50 to a75 3.00 t J 4.00 .16 to .18 .18 to .23 .07 3.70 to 2.50 to .13 to 1.23 3.80 3.50 .15 '.09 Products. Prices in 1883. Oats # .5J1 Corn SJ. 19 to .'JO Kye f laxseed Hsr oy.. Hogs Cattle Poll rfutter Tub Butter Egg" • l here was no market for wheat in 1890. as tha farmers iu this o^ality have abandoned grow­ ing it entirely, and now grow co.n, ojts, hogs and entile instead. We subpiit to the candid fanner whether, with his boantifnl yi*ld of last year and his imp emei'ts, barb wire, and supples of all kinds reuuerd as above, be is not in better relations with the vvor:d now tban in April, 1880, with price s on produce as above and his supplies at the o d figure. 4n| fttur »hat about the mechanic and labor­ ing man? Ts It not a fact, undisputed, that laoor of evory kind is as well paid now as in lMt)? As a rule in the cities labor is constantly flphtin? for a betterment of its condition ana constant iy paining e' her an increa-e in wa^eg or shorter hours. American worKingmen w ere never moro alert to their inte ests tl an they are to-day, and their movemens tor fewer hours of la) or and i e>tter pay never has commanded the interest and the sympathy th^titccmmanda to-day. They were never so intel igent as they are to-day, nni teat means botn tlmt iter de­ serve more and that they know how t < get more. The workingman is winning on both sides of the question, more hours to himse.f and l etter wages on one side and cheept r li\ing on the (tber side. It is doubly false, then, to assert that the development of the age is not benefiting the workingmen. Mow. Mr. President, there is one fact in connection with this matter of workingmen that we might give some attention to. and that is the fact that ifith the knowledge which the people of all the countries of tho earth have of the conditions existing in the United States they have through all of our years past discovered that the working- man's condition, to say nothing of other classes, was better in the United States than in any other country on the globe. Mr. Berry. Now, Will the senator yield to a question? Mr. Wilson, of Iowa. So that in 1RS0 the census tells us that there were of foreign birth 6.fi79,0:i:t of the population inhabiting the United States. Mr. Sherman. And from all the civilized countries of the world." Mr. Wilson, of Iowa. From all the civil­ ized countries in the world. It is estimated, and I have no doubt that the result will prove it correct, that the census of 1890 will show at least 10.000.000 people from all the civilized countries of the world of foreign ^irth inhabiting the United States. That fact should not be passed by care­ lessly, because It. involves a great deal. Men do not sunder the ties of the fiitherljind or abandon the association^ of their lives lightly. It is no light thing for a man to make up Ills mind that he will remove with his family, his wife and his children, to & country of which he knows nothing except what he has heard and read. But they have come here by these many millions. It Is a curious fact In the same ooiinect ion that the people of the United States, intelli­ gent as they are and with their general in­ formation concerning the conditions of the world, do not go out to other conti ies. It is the people of other couutrlos who come here. Mr. Spooner. And stay. Mr. Wilson, of Iowa. Yes. they come here to stay That Is the reason why our popu­ lation of foreign birth, to say nothing alx>ut descendants, goes on increasing at this great rate from 1880 to 1890. Mr. President, when we come to get at the material facts which are Involved iu tho lle^'l covered by this protective policy, we find everything to encourage and notlilngto discourage. Now and then we llnd alarm­ ing statements made concerning 1 he condi­ tion of farmers and their depressed situa­ tion just as we found in regard to farm mortgages in Iowa. It was stated that the farm mortgages in Iowa amounted to nearly $600,000,000. I have the exact figures here. It was stated that in Iowa the farm mort­ gages amounted to $507,000,000. When I saw that I had a profound conviction that it was not true, and I set about to discover if possible where tbe inventor of this falsehood obtained his data. Turning to the compendium of the census of 18S0 I found there that the ag­ gregate valuation of farms iu Iowa iu 1880 was ?5t>7.000.000. Mr. Paddock. The assessed valuation? Mr. Wilson, of Iowa. Yes; so this man who was seeking for the truth that he might give it to the people that the people could understand how dreadful their con­ dition was. took the assessed value of the farms and told the farmers that the mort­ gages on the farms amounted to that in the state of Iowa. Our governor set about a line of investigation to tlnd out how much of a lie this was. and he found that the out­ side limit of the farm mortgages in Iowa would not go beyond 871.000,000. There Is not very much difference of course be­ tween §5(57.000,000 and $71,000,000! , Mr. Paddock. The actual valuation of the property of course is more than the assessed valuation. Mr. Wilson, of Iowa. Oh. that would lie very many times more. It was put out in order that the farmers might be Induced into a condition of unrest. Just such mis­ representation as those figures and those made in regard to other states as to' the general condition of agriculture in the country is what has put a depression upon that induslry. If the.truth had been told about agriculture, I know, so far as the state of Iowa is concerned, that the farms in Iowa would to-day have averaged from $f> to $10 more per acre, and tho depression Is not from actual facts, but from the lies that have l>een told. So you may say In regard to other States. Give to the people of this country accurate statements con­ cerning their condition and you will find this state of unrest disuppeaiing all over the land. Do you tell me. Mr. President, that under a system such as the protective system of this country has been described by Sena­ tors on the other side you could upbuild such magnificent commonwealths in the west as we have there? Could you with this persistent system or robbing going on be upbuilding such a State as Iowa, for instance? I can speak for that, and other senators can speak as well and as favor­ able for their own states. There is a state, Mr. President, whose populatlon.tliis census will doubtless show to number 2.000,000, if not more. It has no debt. It has. I presume, the lowest, rate of state tax. or at least among the lowest, of any state in the union. It is equipped in all respects with public institutions and public buildings as well as any state in the union. Its conditions have been advancing towards the better every day during its existence. No man can ride over the plains of Iowa without being struck by the beauty and by what must be the happiness that is centered in the homes of that State. Mr. Sherman. And the state is young. Mr. Wilson, of Iowa. Oh, yes, the state was only admitted in 1846. Tbe fanners of Iowa are not the depressed people that they have been described to IK*. Mr. Spooner. And lier illiteracy is less than that of any other state. Mr. Wilson, of Iowa. Yes: I am reminded too tfiat there is another feature in Iowa's case that bits us a diamond of the first water in the crown, and that Is that sho stands at the head of the column in respect to the low percentage of the illiteracy of her people. Now. could all these tilings be and the state go on iu unbroken line of triumph from its admission Into the unioh if there were such depressions upon her leading industry and such robberies of her people as have been represented? Mr. President. I do not care to take more time of the senate, and I should not have taken what 1 have but for the anxiety which my frieud from Arkansas seemed to have concerning those people who work and do not get any share *f benefits out of our protective system. ELECTORAL COLLEGE. CONCERNING GOLDEN FTOD. Bay Fever Sufferer* Will Not be In Favor ot 1 his Flower. . In adopting the golden rod as tho state flower the views of one class of people were not talceu. says the New York Star. lint they will soon begin to sneeze their dissent at the choice that has been made. They are the army of hay fever sufferers, whose annual agony is now about to commence. This com­ plaint is dne to the presence in the at­ mosphere of the pollen of various wild flowers, which irritate the mucous mem­ brane of the throat and nostrils. Medi­ cal men are somewhat divided on the question, but as the majority of cases make their appearance with the flower­ ing of the golden rod and continue till the frost puts an end to its luxuriance, there is a strong belief that tho national flower-elect is indeed the medium for a good deal of chastisement. There seems, indeed, to be only one escape for the victims, which is to get some locality, either in the mountains or at the sea­ side, whore the golden rod does not flour­ ish. Medical science has indeed discovered a preventive, but as that involves having a spot in each nostril, covering about the dimensions of a silver 3 cent piece, cau­ terized, very few are willing to avail themselves of it. Cutting off the nose is a favorite act of vengeance to inflict on an enemy or a faithless wife in the Bombay district of India, and simultaneously with the practice has grown tho art of making new noses to replace those sliced away. The injured feature can be mended by a skillful artist so as to leave very littlo trace of distiguremeut. IT WILL BL MUCH •••• IN 1892. DIFFERENT Effect of th* R' apportionment as Proposed by Mr. Bunnell--Under This Scheme New York Will no Longer lie the Pivotal gtstr. But With Indiana She Would Give s Bal- anco la Favor or the Democrats, i [St. Louis Globe-Democrat.1 According to the reapportionment bill introduced by Mr. Dunnell, the house of representatives elected in 1892 will con­ sist of 354 members. This is an increase of twenty-four. One member is given for 180,000 population. On this basis the distribution is made to the states. The electoral vote in 1892 must change to eorresjiond. h Mr. Dunnell Is chairman of the com­ mittee which will report the electoral bill at the nest session of congress. This fact tends to give considerable im­ portance to his plan. If this basis of one member of. congress for 180.000 peo­ ple is adopted the electoral college to be chosen in November. 1892, will number 442. The-successful candidate for the presidency will have to receive at least 222 votes. The electoral vojes of the states as they will be if the Dunnell basis is -adopted are given below. The classification as democratic and republi­ can is based simply ou the way *thc states went iu 1888. Republican States--Electoral vote Iu 1892: , California...........i. 9Kovada f (Y1 >r&do 4i> ew Hampshire..... 4 IU nois 2lKew\ork SB Indiana ftlvhto .. 42 Iowa 15'Orogou 4 Knni-ns ll|P< nnavlvsnia 33 Main- cjfthode Island 4 MafRichnsetts 14|Vermont « Michigan 14:W isconsin... 22 Minnesota.. 10 . -- Net.ruska 8| Total.: 3W> Democratic States--Electoral vote in 1892: 11 Missouri.... ..... IT 4 K«w Jersos* 10 6 North • ar >lina 11 WESTERN INTERESTS. 3 South ( aioiinn.. 4 Tennesst e 12 l>xaa , 13. Virginia a Wtst > irginla... * 91 Total . 9 . 12 . 14 . 11 . 6 .173 Alabsma Arkansas Connecticut Dilawaic Fieri.la Georgia Kentucky Ijoueisna Maryland. Mississippi New States--Electoral vote in 1892: Idaho 3'Weshington. 4 Montana 3 Wyom nj 3 Korth liakota S -- South Dakota 4] Total 80 The most significant deduction to be drawn from these figures is that New York ceases to be the pivotal state. The thirty-six votes of New York transferred to the democratic column of 1SS8 gives only 209. That is thirteen Jess than the number necessary to elect. Indiana and New York added to th© democratic col­ umn carry the presidency with two elec­ toral votes to spare. THE PANIC MAKERS. [New York Press.] No words" of J condemnation'can be too strong for the double leaded financial dynamite which the democratic news­ papers are exploding in their editorial columns in their anxiety to score a pojnt against tho republican party in the mat­ ter of stringency, growing out of the de­ mand for money to pay duties on goods in bond. A republican administration is doing all it can to prevent any evil effects of stringency, so far as the government can prevent them under existing laws. The republican secretary of the treasury was in town yesterday and is in town to­ day to roc ive suggestions for the relief of the money market. The republican con­ gress, represented by a conference com­ mittee of the two house*, ia reasonably certain to extend the time for taking goods out of bond under present duties. It has been shown beyond cavil that the value of the goods in bond and tho amount of money required to pay duties on them have been exaggerated. And yet here are the democratic partisan newspapers trying their best to create a panic and bring about a disaster that would ruin innoccnt people for tho sake of scoring a party victory in the congres­ sional elections. The ghoulish spirit that is willing to profit by such methods deserves the indignant abhorence of every right minded man of any party. SILVER PROFITS. IJndrr the New Bill the People Maks the ITofit* Instead of the Speculators-- •8,000,000 Saved to the People Annually, [Council Bluffs Nonpariel.] Pull out your pencil and do a little fig­ uring. Every silver dollar is worth now in the market about 85 cents. A month ago they were worth but 72 cents. It proposed now to coin or to buy bullioi for coinage to the amount of four and a half million,a month. On every silver dollar coined or on every silver certificate issued there is now a difference of about 15 cents between the fixed value and mar­ ket value. When the government takes 85 cents and makes it into a standard dol­ lar, it pockets this difference. That is to say, in the end, it goes to the people. The republican idea is to coin just as much money as the volume of business de­ mands. This is free coinage in effect. For free c .inage is simply tho right to take to the mint the legal amount of silver and have it coined as a legal dol­ lar. This would mean that silver would be coined until the demand would be equalled and then it would stop. Given then that the government coinage is ad­ equate, limited coinage and free coinage are in effect, identical. But with this difference: When the government buys bullion and coins, it receives the "rake off," if any exist: at present that is 15 cents on tiie dollar. Under free coinage, the government simply does the coinin and tho holder of the bullion receives the "rake off." Now who is the bullion holder? The people, the farmer, the laborer? Have they any- silver bullion to coin? Whence comes then the cry for free coinage? From the bullion holders, the mine owners, the silver speculators. They are the clamorous ones, and why? Because under free coinage they would make what the government now makes. Sup­ posing four and one-half millions per month is now needed. Give us free coinage and at present prices, that means 15 cents on every dollar, or $675,- 000 per month, pocketed by the silver speculators. That means eight millions a year. Under the present law, tho re­ publican plan, every cent of that now goes to the government, that is to say the people. Under democratic free coin­ age, every cent of it would have gone to enrich the millionaire owners of silver mines. That is the meaning of the cry for free coinage. It is what the working people, the farmers and merchants desire. Secretary BlaiaVs T*l|c to Mew KD|IM4 Manufacturers-Inexpedient and Injuri­ ous for Kastern Representatives to Dis-< regard a Measure Which Will Promote the Interests of West. In response to an invitation to tite.ati' nual banquet of the Boot and Shoe club, Col. Clapp, editor of the Boston Journal, received a letter from "M1 r.Blaiue, in which the secretary of state, referring to tho portion of the invitation saying that tho members of the club are in hearty sym­ pathy with his views regarding the best methods of extending American trade, that he regrets that engagements will not permit him to address the meeting. Tho members of the club, he says, can do great £ood by counteract­ ing a certain phase, qt ..New En­ gland's opinion, wliiclt he regards as hurtful to New 'England's interests. New England is to receive in the new tariff the. amplest protection for every manufacturing industry within her bor­ ders, and it will be, in the judgment of tho secretary of state, both inexpedient and injurious for her representatives to disregard a measure which will promote western interests. Mr. Blaine refers to a letter recently received from Mr. Imbs, president of tho late convention of millers at Minneapo­ lis, referring to the excessive duties on American flour in Cuba, and stating that Americans would be unable to re­ tain any part of the Cuba flour trade unless immediate relief was secered. "In view of these facts," says Mr. Blaine, "is it possible that a protection­ ist congress can oven think of opening our markets to Cuba's products free, while allowing a great western industry to bo absolutely excluded from her mar­ kets by a prohibitory tariff? With reci­ procity the west can annually sell many hundred thousands of barrels of flour in Cuba and Porto Rica, together with a larg<4 mass of other agricultural pro­ ducts. Without reciprocity she will bo driven more and more from these mar­ kets. Giving the fullest protection to all eastern interests as the proposed tariff bill does, surely no man of good judg­ ment. certainly no protectionist of a wist* forecast, wishes to expose a western in­ terest to a serious injury; especially when it is manifestcdly easy to protect and promote it--manifestcdly easy be­ cause at this very time boards of trade, chambers of commerce and publlo opinion in Havana are demanding reciprocal trade with the United States. Certain wise men askod how can we sell farm products in South America^ when the same things are pro­ duced there? Cereals are undoubtedly grown in the southern-most portion of South America, but the wise men will remember that cereals and sugar do not grow in the same soil, and the sugar countries of*South and Central America and the West Indies contain 40,000,000 people who import the largest part of their breadstuffs. Indeed the largest portion of the &ugar product of \ Latin- America is at our doors, and wo can greatly enlarge our exchanges there if congress will give us an opportunity for reciprocal trade. Another class observe that they want time to study the system. To this I might reply that the best method of studying the system is to ob­ serve its practical workings. While studying in the abstract and refusing to take Some object lessons these gentlemen propose to open our markets to Latin- America products free of all charge, with­ out asking Latin-America to give us in turn, some freedom in their markets. The object lesson immediately before us is the treatment of the sugar question. Shall we make Latin-America a gift of that trade? When we have studied that lesson we shall be prepared for the sec­ ond. The worst proposition of all is put forth by those who say: 'Let us put sugar on the free list now, and next year take up the subject of reciprocity.' If I understand their logic it is to mako sugar free this year without conation, and next year to ask Spain if she will not kindly consent to grant us recipro­ cal trade. Holding the complete vantago ground themselves, the proposed policy transfers the vantage ground to Spain. Those who tako this ground belong to that class of careful guardians of prop­ erty who prepare a strong lock for the stable after the horse is gone. "I do not mean in anything I have said to imply that reciprocity is only a western interest. It win prove beneficial and profitable both to the farm and shop. The many forms in which our business interests will be promoted by reciprocity cannot be known until tho active com­ mercial men of the United States shall have developed those forms of investiga­ tion and experience. We shall not realize the full benefits of the policy in a lay or a year. But shall we, therefore, throw away countless millions of trade iu addition to the §60.000.000 we have already thrown away and then ignorantly declare without trial that 'the system won't work?' Finally, there is one fact that should have great weight, especially with protectionists. Every free trader in the senate voted against reciprocity. The free trade papers throughout the country are showing de­ termined hostility to it. It is evident that the ; free trade senators and free trade papers have a specific reason for their course. They know and feel that with a system of reciprocity established and growing, their policy of free trade receives a most serious blow. The pro­ tectionist who opposes reciprocity in the form in which it is now presented knocks away one of tho strongest supports of his system. The enactment of reciproc­ ity is the safe guard of protection. Tho defeat of reciprocity is the opportunity of free trade." MOTHER EVE'S TOMB. AFFAIRS IfrtLLINOISj "Is order to hold New York for the party," says a democratic paper, "New York's strongest man must be selected for the presidency." As New York, however, under the new apportionment, whatever it may be, will not be the de­ cisive state, its importance diminishes even to tlic democrats. There will be a larger number of doubtful states in 1892 than there was in 1888, and the demo­ crats must carry all of them to win, while any one of them will give the vic­ tory to the republicans. THE balance of power between tho parties is held by tho seven or eight northwestern states, and this balance will always be thrown in favor of the re­ publicans while the present political is­ sues remain uppermost. POLITICAL NOTES. Is most of the figuring on the next presidential election, Missouri is placed in the democratic column. This is an error that all political arithmeticians should carefully avoid. Missouri has made a fool of herself in that way for the last time, and will hereafter be found among the republican states. Is the three states where members of the next house have been chosen--Ore­ gon, Vermont and Maine--not a singlo democratic candidate has succeeded. There isn't much sign of a republican calamity this year in such a beginning as that. TnERE is such a thing after all as a man being loved for the enemies ho has made. Look at Reed, for instance, and consider how the malice of the demo­ crats has endeared him to the hearts of a large majority of the American people, Ouio would lose a congressman by the Dunnell apportionment, and is almost the only state which would thus suffer. The Ohio man has lost the pull which h§ had with Providence a few years ago. WYOMISG gives a handsome republican majority as a mark of gratitude for her admission into the Uuion by a republi­ can congress. It is a victory of reci­ procity, in other words. THE republican majority in Wyoming is not what can be called tremendous, but is large enough for all practical pur­ poses, and will grow with the growth of the state. TnE Australian ballot worked right in Wyoming. Any ballot which handicaps the ignorant and the vicious helps tbe republicans. THE result in Maine and Wyoming makes it tolerably plain that the repub­ licans can win in the congressslona" can­ vass in November if they set about the task intelligently and resolutely. As American Pays a Visit to the (irsve. It is not very often that an Amerioan visits the little town of Jiddah, on the Arabian ooast of the lied Sea, yet every year as the sacretL season of the Hed- jaz c.imei around, hutulred-t of thou­ sands qf devout Musselniaos are disem­ barked at its little harbor, intent on making a pilgrimage to tbe Mecca, which insures to them the haziness and honor o( paradise. It was not with any intention of , at­ tempting to visit the tomb of Moham­ med and to gaze on the mysterious "K>iaba" that I took sail one moonlit night from Suakim and crossed the tur­ bulent Eed Sea to Jiddah, writes an American traveler. My object was to visit the shrine of one venerated by Christian and Islamite alike--the re­ puted tomb of Eve, mother of all man­ kind. Leaving Suakim just after sundown, when the land breeze had spraoft up, in a small dhow with a prodigious sail, I arrived oif Jiddah about 9 o'clock the, next morning. As I was obliged to leave Jiddah •gain that night I lost no time in get­ ting ashore, and after breakfast I set oft to -visit Eve's gtave. This is situ­ ated about a mile and a half outside of the city on the north. Passing out by the northern gate the land rises gradually to the grave, which is in full view from the time you leave the citv wall. The grave itself is 160 feet long and five feet wide, and is surrounded by a stone wall four feet high, covered with chunam. In the cent or of it rises a small dome crowned mosqne, wherein pilgrims assemble to say their prayers. The mosque is in charge of some der- visliers, who have plenty to do in keep­ ing it clear of the crowds of beggars who assemble aud clamor for back­ sheesh. Inside the mosque is perfectly plain, except that in the center is erected an altar. This stands about three feet high and is covered with curtains. The cujrti.ins being drawn aside discloses a black stone let into the floor. The stone is supposed to lie directly over the tomb of Eve, aud is polished like marble by the Kisses of the faith­ ful. It is by no means permitted to every pilgrim to place his lips on this sacred spot, but by a liberal amount of backsheesh and the preseuce of the consular cavasses 1 was permitted the honor, and accordingly the curtain was drawn, and on hands and knees x paid homage to our legendary mother. The stone which is treated with so much honor, is a very curious one-- evidently meteoric, and is supposed, like the Kaaba, at Mecca, to have been specially sent down from heavtm for its present usei It is certainly carious that legendary lore should select spots so distant from each other for the graves of our first parents. While Eve rests on the Bhores of the lied Sea, Adam is popu­ larly supposed to lie buried under tbe forest clad slopes of Adam's Peak in Ceylon. Beating About tho Hush. In some parts of tbe southwest, re­ gardless of the great growth of towns aud the building of school houses, it is almost impossible to get a direot answer to a question. One evening about dusk a man road up to a fence surrounding a lot near the roadside and thus addressed a woman who was at­ tempting to persuade a few drops of milk from a mtiley cow: "Madam, I am lost." "Wall, that's whut the preacher says is the matter with the most of iis, an' I reckon the best thipg to do is to get 'ligion an' then do the best we kin under the parcumBtances," she replied, giving the cow an awful jerk. "I mean that I ha«e missed the road to Dabney's Ferry." "Wall, I shouldn't wonder, fur it is a mighty matter fur some folks to foller these roads here, they are so crooked. You air traveliu' I reckon ?" "Ye«, I wanted to go to Dabney's Ferry." "Got kin folks livin' down thar, I reckon ?" "No, I have no relatives living in this part of the country. Will this road lead me to the ferry ?" "Wall, you'll hatter ax pap about that. He tramps roun' all over the neighbor­ hood while I'm doin* the work an' he oughter know whar all the roads go to." "Where is . a?" "Who, pap?" "Ye*." "Wall, tbe Lord only knolls. But I reckon ther valler dog kin take you whar he is." " Where is the yellow dog ?" "I don't know that nuthcr. You'll batter ax one of the chillun." "Where are the children?" "The Lawd in Heaven only knows, stranger, fnr I don't. Jest wait awhile and mebby one of 'em will holler, fur it's about time for one of'em to git snake bit. '* "I haven't time to wait." "Wall, then, I reckon you'll have to jog along the best way you kin." "I wish you would give me some information." "Yas, I reckon so, fur I have hearn tell that information is a mighty fine thing when a pusson is pushed right hard fur it." "Where does that road over there lead to?" "Right to Dabney's Ferry." "Why, that's the road I want Why didn't you tell me?" "Wall, you didn't ax me about that road. You kep' on talkin' about sithin' else. "Wall, good day, Ef you travel 'round here much you'll l'arn to ax fur whut you waut without beatin' 'bout the bubh."-- Chicago Herald. Lightning on tlie Stomach. Electricity is a fruitful mystery to the educated and to the uneducated. Al­ though men have learned how to man­ age it and make it useful, its qualities are not yet understood even by the best electricians. It is not to be wondered at, then, that the electric fluid, as it is sometimes called, is not understood by those who have never had any practical dealings with it. Mr.>. Vernon lived on a big farm. She was a clever widow, and made her farm pay. One day her eldest sou was struck by lightning in the wagon-house during a terrible storm. The hired men car­ ried his apparently lifeless body into the house. " Why, wasn't you scared out of your wits, Mrs. Vernon?" asked one of her neighbors afterward. "No; I knew prompt measures was nec'snry though, and there wa'n't no time to send for doctors. So I just gave him a good emetic, and he come to and vlirew up all the fluid, andthen he was all right!" "I VSDEBSTAND Dabsley paints?" "That's bad enough, but he does worse, even. He presents the paintings to his friends.--Philadelphia Times. Tbone Cunfttitutional Amendments. The Secretary of State Is sending ouf notices to all County Clerks In the State. calling attention to the amendments tefc" \ the act passed by the Thirty-sixth Cen-£#->•••• eral Assembly entitled "An act concern^;"* if Ing corporations with banking powers, approved June lti, 1887. and also to th« ' proposed amendment to the ninth ar-«' tide of the Constitution of the StatHt-, authorizing the corporate authorities of Chicago to issue bonds in aid of thtt World's Columbian Exposition of 1892*. and requesting the posting of notice* i -i that these acts will be submitted to a;y «*• • W •gj vote of the people for ratification rejection Nov. 4 next. •» The banlfin;: act places the banking system of the State on a much different- „ *' . basis from that of the present day. Tliir measure passed the Legislature of 1887;. -yf but was pronounced unconstitutional in | some one or two particulars by the Stat« *£ Supreme Court. The last Legislature amended it so as to conform with that i decision, and ft now requires another submission to vote. As amended it is afc^" follows: An act to amend sections one (1). six (#)»-, and eleven (11). of an act entitled "At \ act conccrnlnft corporations with banking^.;*" powers." approve;! June 16. 1887. SECTION 1. Be It enacted by the people DJT the State of Illinois, represented In the Gen- eral Assembly. That sections one (1), six (6)," ^ . and eleven (H), of an'act entitled -An concern In); corporations witli hanking pow«» ers." approved June 16, 1887, be amended us to read as'follows: SECTION I. That on a ratification of this act by a vote of llie people in accordance L, K' - with tlie Constitution of this State It sbaU be lawful to form banks and ban kin? assoi*' h- ' - elation-., as hereinafter provided, for the purpose of discount and deposit, buying und selling exchange, and doing a general bank**/ • ing bu>lness. excepting the issuing of bill* ' to circulate as money: and such banks o® banking associations shall have the power t > lean money on pir•tonal or real estate se- •, ' curit/ and to accept and execute trusts. .<• : > SEC. fi. Every stockholder in any bank oif ^ banking association organized under the provisions of this act shall be individually ^ responsible and liable to its creditors, ove* and above the amount of stock by him o*T . her held, to an amount equal to his or he# respective shares so held for all its liablfli- * ,, ties accruing while he or she remains sucti v ' Stockholder. It is hereby made the 4uty «# the president and cashier, within thirtf days after organization, to file in the office.' / of the Recorder < f Deeds of the county ill whL'h such bank is located a certified list of all the original stockholders, giving tl* number of shares of stock held by each, anril thereafter a certificate of all transfers «|f, stock not later than t >n days after suclt • , • transfer. No transfer of stock shall oper- v, : ate as a release of liability provided In this'":'l section. ••'",.-'•5? Sue. 11. Banks or banking associations may be organized under the provisions tit this act in all cities, towns, and villagW with a minimum capital stock according to the population of such citiis, towns, and villages, as follows: In all cities, towns, and villages of exceed i n g 5 . 0 0 0 i n h a b i t a n t s , o f S 3 5 . 0 0 0 . V 4 1 . In all cities. t:»wns, and villages of ov^te-,^ ':;-- 5.000 Inhabitants aud less than 10,000 in* habitants, of $50,000. \ In all cities, towns, and villages of 10,009 inhabitants and less than 50,000 inhabitants*. ' 'V of $t oo.ooo. In all cities and towns of 50,000 inhaler Te­ nants or more, of $300,000. Should the capital stock of any bank op»- r ganized under this act become impaired, the Auditor shall give notice to the President ti> have the impairment made good by assess * - • ment of the stockholders or a reduction of . the capital stock of such bank, if the re^s ' ductlon should not bring the capital beloir : ^ the provisions of this section: and if th)t ' capital stock of said bank shall remain inir , paired for thirty days after notice by the * Auditor he shall have power, and it is here­ by made his duty, to enter suit against eacJi stockholder in the name of the peopleof Stale of Illinois, for the use of said bank* for his or her pro rata proportion of suoj^ tnipairJnent, and when collected shall pajr Over the amount thereof to said bank, "W: • t the judgment in such cases shall be for tlia amount claimed, with all costs and reason* able attorney's fees, which fees shall lie , -a1' fixed by the court, or he niay. in his dis>» - cretini, file a bill in the Circuit Court, ot the county in which said bank is located* in the name of the people of the State ot Illinois, against said bank and its stock* • " holders, for the appointment of a receive* " v-v t >r the winding up of the affairs of sa* bank. And said court, upon the present^ w tion of said bill, and upon being made sati«» . fied that the capital of said bank has be­ come impaired, shall immediately appoiitt t, * a competent and disinterested person t|jS ,, such receiver, and shall determine and fix V J lii* bonds, and shall prescribe his duties." r And said cause shall proceed as other in equity. SEC. 2. It shall be tbe duty of the Becm* trvy of Stal,e for this fltate to submit this act to a vote of the people for their ral ill-" cation, according to Art. 11. Sec. 5. of th*. ' Constitution of this State, at the next geit^ . eral election, and the question shall b^ _•**.. '•For the amendments to the act concern corporations with banking powers," ojp,' "Against the amendments to the act con­ cerning corporations witli banking powers.** And if approved by a majority of the votsa cast at such election for or against suc$^ law. the Governor shall thereupon issue hfjKr proclamation that this act is then iu forcfk Approved June 3, 1889. " • The constitutional amendment to b|ii' submitted is as follows: ? The corporate authorities of the city <jf , Chicago are hereby authorized to issue i«*> terest-bcaring bonds of said city to asl- * amount not exceeding $5,000,000, at a rate r of interest not to exceed 5 per cent, per an­ num. the principal payable within thirty years from the date of their issue, and the proceeds thereof shall be paid to the Treas­ urer of the World's Columbian Exp sitloa^ and used and disbursed by him under the direction and control of the Directors in aid of the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held in the city of Chicago, in pursuance of an act of Congress of the United States:' provided, that if at the election for the adoption of this amendment to the constitution a majority of the votes cast within the limits of the city of Chicago shall be against Its adoption, then no bonds shall IKS Issued under this ameudment. And^ said corporate authorities shall be repaid as" large a proportionate amount of the aid given by them as is repaid to the stockhold­ ers on the sums subscribed and paid by them, and the money so received shail be used in the redemption of the bonds issued as aforesaid; provided, that said authori­ ties may take, in whole or in part of the sum coming to them, any permanent improve­ ments placed on land held or controlled by them: and provided, further, that no such indebtedness so created shall in any part thereof be paid by the State or from any State revenue, tax, or fund, but the same shall be paid by the said city of Chicago alone. CHICAGO will lead the West in the pro­ duction of aluminium. An aluminium plant is to be established which will be a pioneer in the territory west of Pittsr ^ ^ burg. A party of capitalists have pur* ' • . * chased 1.1)00 acres in the southeaster* -t edge of Cook County, and will establish an extensive manufactory. Their plan! contemplate a manufacturing town ami" a summer resort, with mineral springs v And a big hotel. , • ^ TIIKKK are twenty-seven grain ele- g|g| vators in Chicago, with a total eapacitji^g of '>11,175.000 bushels. SMITH JT Co.. a Board of Trade fins t*; Chicago, have failed for 5100,000. (iovKKNoii FIFRK has made the follow?.; ing appointments: Robert L. McGuirey; Springfield, to be County Judge of San­ gamon County, to till the vacancy causetf by the death of James II. Mathenyj Thomas Craig as Sheriff of Marshall County, to succeed Henry Sherman: Mis# Mollie O'Brien as Superintendent ot Schools of Peoria County, vice Mrs. Mar* W. Emery, resigced, '• IH'RISO a showier of rain in Cair^- V|" quite a number of live iish fell in varioufc ̂ parts of that city. They were all abou|^' four inches in length, and of the sut% perch and buffalo species. They wer«( stunned by contact with the earth, but many were, rintnd by (dfteing then i» water. i V * i -a. « » 1. W v -At*. ' a