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\r. ' » '* . * 11 " - ' • .-*77-,- J^P«irg § Iaindeater I. VAN SLYKC, EMtsr and PiMtetMT. '^ifcHENBT, - JLL * ELLTNOra COUNTRY SONG. Anevwnlng so clear I would tlmt X weft, To kiss thy soft cheek Witli tho faintest of air. The star tl>Rt is twinkling Bo brightly above, '2 would that. 1 wore To enlightod my lovel J Would I were hnftvon, O'eravcliing ami 1>1 ue, I'd baiho tliee. my dearest, 111 freshest of dew. ."1 *ouW i Uio sun were, All radiance arid glow, I'd pour nil my Ki>ltf£xior Ou thee, love, be:owI If I wore the waters Sliat round the world rail, "I'd lavixh my peurls on th o, Not keeping of one. 1} 1 were the summer Mv flowers and srenn I'dlliettp on thy tempi©*, A^d crown thee my. Queen. ill were a kiln, Allfire nnd ftania, UVI mantle an<l girdle thoe Bound with the same. But as 1 mil nothing , ttovo lnve-tiiazed bill, . X'ray take of me. make of iuo, Jtiat what you will. HIRED SHAWL ward. "There ain't no sense in making a fuss!* "But why?" demanded Allison, still holding tight to Susie's arm. "That there shawl's stolen," said the officer. "Mrs. Richmond on F---- street lost it about four weeks ago. •She's here to-day and recognized it at once. She's a waitin' outside in her, -carriage, and we'd best go to the poliee station at once." "I don't know Mrs. Richmond," gasped Susie. "I never heard of her, I got this shawl from Madame Felicie. Oh, Mr. Allison," with a convulsive sob, '"don't let thetn take me away!" George Allison considered a moment. "It is as the man says. We had best go with him. But, of course, I will bail you out at once. There is evi­ dently some glaring misapprehension here!" Poor Susie nearly f.iiutod with Fwiape as she was led into tiie police station. Under the cross-examination of the man in authority the truth soon evolved it­ self. The shawl was Mrs. Richmond's and had been stolen from her by a maid, biuce dismissed--who, in her turn, sold it to Madame Felicie for a trifle. And so it all came out--that Susie Edson had the shawl, to make a brief display of what was not her own. Mr. Ellison's look of grave surprise, Mr. Copeland's ill-concealed contempt--oh, how they Btung Susie! She went home in the latter'a carriage, exonerated, it is true, from blame, but bitterly mortified, and seeing her own folly as she had nevor M SURE I don't i before seen it. know what to do," j Mr. Allison never called again, and said Susie Edson. j Mrs. Copeland, though polite when She was sitting at j they met, "dropped her. And that was the window, star- all poor Susie gained by hiring that ing at the falling India shawl. drops '*f rain. "About what?" said Miss Comp- ton. who was a teacher i n r v ' * ' m c . ' • W'*- I0: •santf >ciioolf aud was also waiting for the A;<ril shower to subside belore she ^reunited out. "Mrs. Copeland has invited me to go to the Academy of Art with her, and JTve nothing to wear but this old piaid sIms I that is moth-ea'en, aud darned, «k1 faded," sighed Susie. ~Mr». Copeland? Oh, yes I remem­ ber," said Miss Compton, with a know­ ing i-mile. "She is George Allison's sister--the one that lives iu the brown- «toae house on M avenue. Susie. Tm verv much afraid you'll have to stay %t home." "Bat I don't want to stsy at home," pouted Susie. "I have so few Ranees to go anywhere." ""JLea^t of all with Mr. Allison's aristo- wteltie lister/' said Miss Compton, laugh­ ing "But I'll tell you what you can dtt, Susie- hire a shawL I know plenty at ladies that do it. Go to Madam S^eUeie's, on State street, she'll charge ^jrwi $f> for one afternoon's wear of an india shawl; but that'* better than pay­ ing a hundred for it, out and out." "-T never heard cf such a thing," said £a«e. ""** Well, tmi see, you haven't heard all tike •world,"' said Miss Compton, with an •of superiority. "It's often dona I hired a lace shawl myself the day I went to the picnic, and a pretty taking I was in. for tear I should tear it. But lodia is a different thing, you know. Hoa would look just Ioveiv in one." ^J5ut--wouldn't it be acting a false- kood?" "Oh, pshaw!" cried Miss Compton. "Acting a falsehood, indeed? Is it any worse than hiring a carriage when you Aat1't afford to keep one oi your own ?" ~-I don't know," hesitated Susie. J&.B& then she thought how rich stbe India shawl would look, and ^remembered that George Allison would probably be of the party. "Will yrntt gso .there with me?" said shes turn- . in* thrift <ienk-to Miss Compton. "Where?" \ '"'.To Madame FelicieV "1 don't care. It has stopped raining I might as well go there." Madame Felicie was a smooth-voiced, voluble Frenchwoman who could talk a •«usf«mr<£r into any mood she pleased, tmvd<wheu Susie Edson went away she ^weded in a compact parcel under her •rm Vhe ludia shawl whose rich colors .had taken her fancy. "It makes me lael just like the 'daw in borrowed l&tniage,' of my childhood's fables," amid she to herself; "but it's only for •one afternoon, aud I do so hate to have •Oeorge think me shabby."' Mrs. Edson shook her head and looked very grave when Susie unfolded the shawl and claimed her mother's ad­ miration for it. "Why, dear," said she, ^itia very beautiful,but--it is not yours. Mt reminds me of tne old story of the •china pot and the iron pot swimming •dove stream together--and do you re- oaemiter what became of the china |KK?* "I don't see that that has anything to do with me, mamma." "Don't you, my dear? -old enough, and ought to be wi>e i to decide the-e things for your- aeif," t-aid Mrs. Edson. "But if you •would take my advice, Susie, you would jseod this gay shawl back, and either re- •anatn at home or wear your own shawl." But Su> ie did not take her mother's «(Kpalatabie advice. Ltw Wallace Is Fuoiif. Gen. Lew Wallace the author of "Ben Hur," and ex-minister, was once asked t h e i i* ho had seen M. de Blowitz of Paris, the correspondent oi the London Times. He replied: "I have heard him blow, but never seen his wits." This is credited as one of the Gen­ eral's Turkish jokes: 'f'here lived in Stamhoul, Turkey, a well-to-do Turk named Ismail Hossam. He did not have the eloquence of our Ingalls nor the im­ agination of a Rider Haggard, but he was endowed with a ready oriental wit that stood him in hand when be was in a tight place. A neighbor called upon him one day and wanted to borrow his donkey to use an hour. Ismail made a low salaam and said: "Neighbor, I am sorry, but my boy started ou the donkey an hour ago to Scutari. By now he is gaily trotting over the hills far from the sacred pre­ cincts of StambouL" Just as Ismail finished his speech, a donkey's loud bray wa3 heard in the stable, which was under the same roof as Ismail's house, but in the rear. The neighbor said: "Ah, I hear your donkey bray." Ismail protested that his neighbor's ears were deceived and that the noise wa3 not a donkey's bray. Then the donkey, which was supposed to be jog­ ging along toward Scutari, brayed twice loudly. It was too much, and the neigh­ bor cried: "Oh, that is your donkey, Ismail; Al­ lah help me, I can now borrow him." Then Ismail said: "Which do you be­ lieve is lying, the donkey or me ?" The neighbor had to give Ismail the benefit of the doubt, and weut away. Well vou are He Tumbled. He was standing in front of the De­ troit Opera House and surveying the building with seeming interest when a pedestrian halted to inquire if he was looking for the box office. "Well, I dun no," was the reply, "What's going on in there?" "It's the regular drama." "Anything like a circus?" "Oh, no. You've been to the theater, haven't vou?" "Mebbe. I've bin around a heap." "Well, then, you know what it is." "Any bare-back riding?" "No." "Anybody jump through hoops of Are V" "No." "Offer anybody $10 to ride a bucking mule?" "I think not. You'd better go in and see. There's a matinee this afternoon." " What's that--side-show or museum The other laughed and made no re­ ply, and the stranger bristled up and exciaimed: "I'm on to you, old fellow, bigger'n a horse! You're a bunko-steerer, and you thought you'd run up aein a hay-seed, but you just walk on or I'll lay you out colder'n a barn-door hinge in January!" --Free Press. "How nice you look, dear," said Mrs. *CSo|-ieland as her coupe stopped in front <jf the unpretending home of Su.sie Ed- son. "And what a love of an ludia f«hawl. An heirloom, eh?" Susie smiled and muttered some in- tinct auswer, as she stepped into the j market. The Clgarrttn Trade. The manufacture of cigarettes has so rapidly and steadily increased in this country that is impossible to estimate it. A great many, as is well known, contain no tobacco, whatever, and are not worth counting. Of those that contain mpre qr less tobacco, some 12,000,000 were made during 1889, and probably 16,- 000,000 or more will be made this year. Thousands of men, especially young men, smoke on an average twenty cigarettes a day, or in excess of 7,000 annually. The fact that they are very injurious to health seems to augmeot the demand. The bulk of us appear to be so constituted that the more clearly a thing is shown to be evil, the greater is cur attraction to it. Ten to twelve months ago^ive pf the largest mat^i- facturers formed a trust with a capital of £25,000.000, intending to control the This they did not accomplish. THE AMERICAN DESERT. R»*too Now Prodwatlv*. N 1858 when there was scarcely a hamlet forty miles west of the Missouri * River, the North Amer­ i c a n R e v i e w claimed that our people at that date had reached their inland west­ ern frontier. Mis­ souri bluffs it de­ scribed as"a shore at the termina­ tion of a vast ocean desert nearly one thousand miles in breath," which it was proposed to traverse, if at all, "with caravans of camels, and which inter­ posed a final barrier to the establish­ ment of large communities--agricul­ tural, commercial or even pastoral." In the school maps of that date all of the territory lying east Of the Rocky Moun­ tains and west of the Missouri River, extending on the south to the Mexican border and to Canada on the North, was THE DAWN OF CIVILIZATION. designated as "The Great American Detert" How different is it on the maps of to-day! Dakota, Kansas, aud Nebraska, have been scooped out of this "desert," and still there is enough left for a kingdom. It was in 1873 that the experiment of tilling this land was first tried, and soon marvellous stories were heard repeated among Eastern farmers about the fertility of the soil and the re­ markable quality of the grain grown on it. In 1874 and 1875 the locust Hcourge came in and the first wave of civilization was driven back. With the return of financial prosperity in 1877 and 1878 the tide of surplus population again rolled westward. This was a tidal wave, though it came never to recede, for now this territory is part and parcel of the restless sea of population w hich is tead- ily rolling toward the Pacific slope. One wonders where they will stop. Ex­ perience proves that it takes three sets of pioneers to make a permanent population. The first settler ekes ont a half-starved existence nntil he can make proof of his land; by this time he is roadv and eager to sell out tc one of the second crop of pio­ neers--men who bring with them a little money to fight the battle with; a-; a rule they in turn give away to the thrifty farmers who come prepared and able to stay. It must not be supposed that the original homesteader is necessarily a farmer. - All Borts and conditions of men are to be found among them, from ministers to cow­ boys, from bankrupt business men to the latest exile from Russia. And the oddities of their life! What ehapters of queer tales could be written of them! To i begin;, with the habitation of the settler is either a dugout or a house carriage with her superbly dressed j though they saved a deal of money friend. And as she did so a sudden j formerly spent in pushing their wares, consciousness came upon her of how The outside companies were not huit, (little her faded hat accorded with the i and are now forming a trust of their nieh shawl, aud h«w frayed the trim- own with an equal capital. The two iSBitig ot her worn black silk dress. trusts will probably combine before Would not, the old plaid shawl have i long, as they can ill afford to compete $Meu better, after all? But it v.as too at the prevailing figures--very little be- late cow, to weigh these considera- yond the cost of production. If the 4koe.s--atd Susie derived a sort of pleas- j trade could be extinguished entirely it aim; from the soft feeling of the soft j would be excellent, which is a strong as they fell about her. "George will meet us at the academy," Mid Mrs. Copeland, an they roiled -•long. "George had another engage- «neaV but of course he broke it when fee heard that you were coming." It was-a lovely spring afternoon, and 4he academy was crowded with the i (fashionable world of Boston. George Allison met his sister and her friend at tike door, and at once gave Susie his '•rm- • "I could not resist the opportunity of nesting you," said he; and Susie's heart gave a happy throb as he spoke. How glad she was now that she had Mrtid the India shawl 1 reason that it will continue indefinitely. --Xeu: York Commercial Advertiser. A Versatile ConfeMor, Of Cardinal Mezzofanti, who could speak fifty-six dialects and languages, it is related that whiie he was at the Vatican, a traveler arrived in Rome from Asia to be confessed, whose lan guage no one who met him could un dei stand. Cardinal Mezzofanti was sent for, and found that even he had never heard it spoken. By means of signs, he learned fhe stranger's errand aud that tie had with him a dictionary ! of hi* native tongue. This the cardinal How shabby I to°k> aRd, informing the Pope that he • • ' J iv- ' * b : &• -f,tv 4M T;.- L * •he would have felt in the old plaid, I woui(l be prepared in tweuty-four hours -with its darned places »nd the faded ' Vj.confes8 the ma». re&ired to his room. WINTER IN NEBRASKA. built of squares of srd taken from the prairie. These sods are facetiously called Kansas brick. One room gen­ erally serves all the purposes of the homesteader and his family. If he prospers for a season he adds to the front of his abode by erecting walls of sod on the sides and putting in a new front, the old one serving as a partition between the two rooms. This is con­ sidered a commodious dwelling. Very frequently in Ih-^e primative habita­ tions organs and ornate designs of furn­ iture are to be found. In these hcuses, too, literary club3 meet regularly to discuss every manner of subjeoto from the latest political problem to the most abstruse point in metaphysics. The homesteaders are very honest, and no house is ever locked at night, and the stores are j-erfectly safe, with the ex­ ception of whatever liquor may happen to be on the premises. In other words the homesteader will steal whisky every time. The one thing needful to develop the agricultural and pastoral possibilities of the region is an adequate rainfall, and this suggests a topic regarding which has arisen all the controversies con­ nected with the success of the new West, Experts have tried to prove that they do not and can never have any rainfall worth mentioning in this region. The facts, however, have proved the con­ trary, for ever since the opening np of the country the settlers have experi­ enced a liberal rainfall. The trouble formerly was that the prairie grass shed the water, and it ran off without pene­ trating the soil. But once the sod is plowed up, the soil absorbs the rain like a sponge. After a day's heavy rain there is uo mud visible in a plowed field. The moisture soaks downward to great depths, and the soil retains it through weeks of dry weather faintly perceptible to the taste. Hold your ©yes to the water so that the lashes tonoh it, then wink once and the eyes will be suffused; do not wipe them. This so refreshes the eyes that they feel like a new pair. Do not forget the good old rule--as soon as you feel your eyes stop using them. By the above treat­ ment one need waste very little time waiting for tired eyes. Tlie Karlh'n Interior. The well nigh universal opinion that the interior of the earth, below a few miles of outside crust, is a solid molten mass, is antagonized by Prof. Garret P. Serviss in the Chautauquan for Febuarv. He says: "One of the most interesting questions relating to the earth considered as a planet is that of its interior constitu­ tion. Observations made iu deep mines aud borings indicate that the tempera­ ture increases as we go downward at the average rate of 1 degree Fahrenheit for every 55 feet of descent, so that, if this rate of increase continued, the temper­ ature at the depth of a mile would be more than 100 degrees higher than at the surface, and, at the depth of 40 miles, would be so high that everything, includ­ ing the metals, would be in a fluid con­ dition. This veiw of the condition of the earth's interior has been adopted by many, who hold that the crust of the earth on which we dwell is like a sjbell surrounding the molten interior. But calculations based upon the tidal effects that the attraction of the sun and moon would hjive upon a globe with a liquid interior have led Sir William Thompson andothers to assert that such a condition is impossible, and that the interior of the earth must be solid and exceedingly rigid to its very center. To the objec­ tion that the phenomena of volcanoes contradict the assumption of a solid in­ terior it is replied that unquestionably the heat is very great deep beneath the surface, and that reservoirs of molten rock exist under volcanic districts, but that taking the earth's interior as a whole the pressure is so great that the tendency of liquefaction caused by the heat is overbalanced thereby. The whole question, however, is yet an open one. According to the nebular hypoth­ esis, which assumes that the bodies of the solar system once existed in a neb­ ulous form, and by gradual condensa­ tion and loss of heat have attained their present condition, it is probable that the earth is still slowly cooling off, and that, as we see it, it represents an inter­ mediate stage between the hot vaporous globe of a planet like Jupiter and the cold and barren moon. If we accept the the­ ory--and it is yearly gaining strength -- then the habitable period in the earth's career appears to be but one chapter in itp varied history. When it wash$et molten and vaporous it could not support life, l:ut it shed light like a star. Now it possesses a cool and solid crust on which innumerable tribes and species of animal and vegetable life swarm and flourish. Anon it will be­ come cold and inert, its waters and its atmosphere retreating into its interior, and with them the life that depends upon their presence will disappear. This possible cause of the cessation of the life-supporting energies of the earth, it will be observed, is independent of the withdrawal of the light and hfeat of the sun, an ultimate catastrophe to which we have heretofore referred." l)ld It lor His Health. An old darkey was leading an old tongh-looking mule along Austin avenue, when a slotichy-looking man on the bidewalk hailed him. Bay, there, where you goin' with that mule?" Jes down de road a bit." Is that a good mule ?" Yassir." ° \V auter sell him ?" I mout." Well, now, see here uncle, maybe I can make a dicker with you. Hold on a minute." The slouchy man walked out to the mule and looked at his teeth, got the old darkey to trot him up and down, and looked the animal all ever. The sweat rolled oft' the old darkey from the exertion of showing off the animal. "Weil,nowdatyo'seen what dat muli are, does yer want ter buy him ?" "No, I guess not. I had some time to spare and I thought I'd just like to see you and the old mule cavort a little > it's good for your health." The crowd that had gathered around laughed, and the old darkey turned to resume his interrupted journey, but he suddenly turned. "Say, boss, does yer know anyfing erbout doctorin' er mule ?" "Do I? Weli, I should say so. There ain't a man in thus hull country kin doctor a hoss or a mule like I kin. I know every wrinkle about 'em," said the slouchy man. "Den will yer jes feel on de inside of dat mule's off behine leg. Dare's a lump dare dat yerself am jes de man ter tell me what ter do fer hit." The slouchy man walked up and put his hand on the mule's leg. The next minute he was rolling over and over like a keg of nails. He rolled twenty- five feet before the curbstone stopped him. What did you tell me to do that for, you old black rascal," he sputtered, when he got the sand out of his mouth. Oh, d&t's all right; dare aiu't nothin' de matter wid de mule. I jes wanted ter see yer cavort er little, it's good foah yo' health," and while the crowd shouted the old man and his ipule moved on. -- Texas Sifting#. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS 31 Interest to JPeopie in Various Walks of rare. The Supreme Jndicial Court of Massa- shusetts has decided that the owner of a wagon is responsible for damages re­ sulting from the negligence of his driver while engaged in his business, but *7 here a mother permits a 3-year-old child to go upon a crowded street with­ out proper attendants to care for him, she is guilty of such contributory neg­ ligence as will preclude a recovery of damages from the owner of a team which ran over and injured him. "V The Supreme Court of Indiana de­ cided that where wheat is delivered by the owner to a mill or elevator upon the agreement that it is to be paid (op at whatever is the market price in twenty days from the day of delivery, the tran­ saction amounts to a sale and passes the title, and if between the date of de­ livery and the da:e of payment the wheat is destroyed by fire, the sellor is nevertheless entitled to recover the price agreed upon. V An Iowa coal company contracted with the Northwestern Railroad to furnish/a certain amount of coal; the coal company failed, made an assign­ ment, its assets were sold; tUe railroad company refused to take coal from the purchaser of the assets, and action was Drought against the railroad for breach of contract.* The Supreme Court of Iowa decided that when a company makes an assignment contracts made by such company cannot he enforced by other persons. Says the Supreme Court of Indiana: "Where a debtor takes out a policy of life insurance, and after holding it a short time, in good faith transfers it by indorsement to some of his creditors, taking from them an agreement under which they were to pay the premiums and from the proceeds of the polioy re­ tain th»j amount of their claims, and pay over any surplus to his heirs, such transaction is not in fraud of creditors not participating, and is valid and will be sustained." The Supreme Court of Wisconsin says: "An employe accepts the risk oi all dangers incident to his employ­ ment which are apparent to him and of which he has notice, and one who works near and around a stairway built for the use of employes, which is steep and nar­ row, without railing and with steps at irregular distances, and which he has useH, is chargeable with knowledge of the d&ffict8, as they are plainly obvious, and he assumes the risks of injury in using the stairway arising from such defects^ The Court of Appeals of Maryland says: "Where a person is about to en­ ter the employ of another, he has no right of action against the former employer, who in good faith, without malice, voluntarily and in honest be­ lief that he is discharging a duty he owes to a neighbor, aud with a full con­ viction that the statement is true, com­ municates to a person about to employ him the information that when in his employ he had stolen from ihirn. Made in this way, and under these circum­ stances, this is a privileged communica- tion." The Supreme Court of Missouri said: "A 17-year-old boy working in a ma­ chine shop was ordered to stop the en­ gine and in obeying the order his cloth­ ing was caught by a set-screw in a rapidly revolving shaft, over which he attempted to step in going to the en­ gine, It is a correct statement and well applicable to these facts to say that if, without any nc^ligence on his part, aud by reason of his youth and inex­ perience and his reliance on the direc­ tions given him, he failed to appreciate the danger in passing over or by the shaft, in consequence of which he was inj,ured, the employer will be held re­ sponsible for not properly guarding tho shaft." In a suit against a common carrier for breaking merchandise shipped "at own­ er's risk of breakage," the plaintiff has the burden of proving that if the freight w^s received in good order, and by the exercise of ordinary care could Each chief of a brigade shall plant twenty olive trees, each chief of a bat­ talion, or captain, six, each inferior officer five, and each corporal one. "I have spoken. It is for you, all of you, to go and do what I have tol<? you to do. The command was received wiid en­ thusiasm. The men of tho country de­ pendent upon Danilograd constitute a brigade of four thousand men, and they have taken an oath to plant, the coming year, eight hundred thousand vine-stocks and twelve hundred olive trees. , Fallier'it Kiss. For father and son to kiss each other is not so common in this country as to mean nothing; but it is always a pleas­ ant sight to witness, and only those who have a false notion of what constitutes nanliness can see anything "babyish" in it This incident is reported by the Hartford Post. A father was seeing his son off on the cars for some distant point. There was a moment of quiet conversation between the two, perhaps a few words of such advice as a father should give a son, and and then the train came thundering iuto the station. As the latter, a tall fellow well along in hin "teens," stepped on the platform, he extended his hand and his lips to his father. There was a gentle kiss of fare­ well, aud the two separated. There was no gush, no nonsense, no affecta­ tion ; just the expression of fatherly tenderness that had followed that son *ince he lay in the cradle. Is there any danger of that boy stray- afterwards, sus- ' ing from the path affectionately pointed been carried and delivered in like good order, then the law presumes that the breakage was caused by the carrier's negligence. The only liability of a railroad company for goods shipped re­ leased is for the- injuries sustained through the actual negligence of em­ ployes of the company. Upon release the shipper assumes the ordinary risks of transportation. The Supreme Court of Wisconsin de­ cided that where a shipper of goods ac­ cepts a bill of lading which provides that all liability on the part of the car­ rier to whom the goods are first deliv­ ered should immediately cease upon de­ livery of the goods to another carrier, and that "for all loss and damage occur­ ring in the transit of said packages, the legal remedy shall be against the par­ ticular carrier or forwarder only in whose custody the said packages may actually be at the time. Iron Deposits or the Soutlt E*»ry day brings accounts of new discoveries of mineral wealth iu the South, and it bids fair to be one of the manufacturing districts of our cation. The expert testimony of so eminent a scientist ai N. S. Shaler, Professor of Geology iu Harvard University, to the wealth of its resources will interest all our readers who wish to keep up with the industrial progress of our nation. The Professor thinks that the South­ land has in itself almost illimitable op­ portunities for development. In a re­ cent number of the Arena he says: "The iron ores of the South are not only extremely abundant, but occur in Ed» eral widely separated fields. The Shenandoah district of Virginia and the neighboring valley of the Roanoke, Western North Carolina, Eastern Ken­ tucky, and Tennessee, Northwestern Georgia and Northern Alabama, all dis­ tricts belonging to the system of the Appalachians, abound in workable de­ posits of this mineral. Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, also contain valuable iron ores, but they lie remote from deposits of good ooal. The peculiar advantage of the Appalachian district is found in the fact that the ares lie in the neigh­ borhood of excellent coal beds which in certain cases can be used as it comes from the mine, or may be made to serve tlie needs of the smelter after it is con­ verted into coke. The average distance of the iron ores from the coal needed to reduce it to the metallic state does not probably exceed one hundred miles. The ores of the Lake Superior district have to be transported from seven to ten times the distance to find an appro­ priate fuel. It is true, that the average richness of the Lake Superior ores in metallic iron is probably nearly one- third greater than those found in the Southern States, and the former yield Bessemer iron, which, save in rare in­ stances, cannot be produced from the Southern deposits. On the other hand, the Southern ores are generally won with considerable ease. Enough ore to make a ton of iron can at many points be mined and put in the furnace at a cost of between one and two dollars, while to bring the same amount of raw material from the earth about Lake Superior to the smelting point costs, at the present time, from nine to twelve dollars. Moreover, there is a method of making steel known as the Basic process, which, for general purposes, is as good as the Bessemer system. This method is well proven, and, with the expiration of certain patents, which in a few years will cease to be valid, will doubtless come into general use in the Southern States. "The peculiar ease with which the Southern ores are mined is in good part due to their geologic conditions. They are generally in the form of true beds which once were lime-stones, and have been converted by percolating waters containing irou in a dissolved form into iron ores; being beds of this origin the beds are mora continuous than those of other nature; such as those about Lake Superior where the ore occurs in much more irregular deposits. Moreover, the Southern country was not occupied by the glaciers of the last ice period; thus the soft oxidized ores were not worn away as has generally been the case in the glaciated fields, nor have the out­ crops been hidden by the deep accumu­ lations of drift materials which are . so common in Northern districts. In part also their advantageous conditions are due to the fact that tho Southern cli­ mate permits work to be carried on in have i open pits throughout the year, while such uncovered opeuings would not be workable for more than seven months of the year in more northern climes." ing understood that this company as­ sumes no other responsibility for their safe carriage or safety than may be in­ curred on its own road." The stipula­ tion is a valid one and will be enforced against the shipper. <|neer Theory AI>ont Salmon. It is the opinion of many people that salmon on this coast eat nothing after coming into fresh water on their way to their breeding grounds. This absti­ nence from food is not «1 aimed for sal­ mon in the rivers of Canada or Great Britain, where-they are taken in great numbers with the artificial fly. In the rivers of this coast generally, and in the Columbia particularly, it is claimed that salmon eat nothing after leaving the salt water, as nothing is ever found in their stomachs. According to this theory, the ordinary Chinook beats Tanner or Succi, for thebe fish come into the Columbia as early as possible in the year--there are plenty of them in Thereof, it be- i riv«r8 uow--aQd they remain here taining the crops without additional rain I out br his father? for a wonderful length of time. An-| Or is there any danger of that father other remarkable change which has been | ever having to excuse that son because effected by the settlemerft of this region he is "sowing wild oats?" We think is the heavy dews which fall every night j not. The gentle power of a mothers «apot iu the middle. 7 As she stood iu front of a beautiful -pictuioc still leaning on Mr. Allison's inn, a soft tap came on her shoulder, and turning with a start, she saw a man in .police uniform. "You must come with said he. "Quiet now," as George i Califoukia pedestrains are all right Allison made aa indignant step for-! when they strike the Golden Gait W hen, at the end of the time named, lie ap) eared and announced that he was ready to proceed, it was fouud that he had mastered the language sufficiently •to converse quite freely with the trav­ eler. now, but were absolutelyt unknown ien years ago. The upturned soil parting with but a little of its moisture every day, it returns to it at nignt as refresh­ ing as a shower. For Tired Kyes. For tired eyes take a cup brimful of water and add sufficient salt to be kiss has been snng by poets, but is there not also a wealth of tenderness and a lasting memory for good in the kiss of a father ?--Youth's Companion. *, "How WAS it that the judge granted •your divorce before even reading pe­ tition?" "He was my wife's first hus­ band." till late in the fall or until they die. The fact that'salmon of various species and all sizes aro taken at the falls of Oregon City with trolling spoons or with a bait of salmon roe goes for noth­ ing with the believers in the total-ab- stinence-from-food theory. A few days since a locomotive engineer tried fish­ ing for salmon with the Columbia, at the mouth of the Yfalla Walla River. He baited his hook with a live minnow and caught a fine fifteen-pound salmon. This is the first ever caught there with a hook so far as known, and, for ail that is known to the contrary, is the first salmon caught with a hook and line in the Columbia.--Portland Ore- gonian. Mad Breath. Dr. Frank H. Gardner, in the Dental Review, speak of the causes of bad breath. He concludes: First, decay­ ing particles in the mouth as far back as the pharynx vault, taint the breath, if i exhaled, very little, if at all. Second, mouth-breathers have a bad breath when the tonsils are enlarged, or when cheesy masses exist in the tonsilitic mu cous folds. Third, certain gastric de rangements taint the breath only when ga^es are eructated through the mouth. Fourth, the principal cause of bad breath is decomposition in the intes tinal canal, the retention of fecal matter in the transverse and descending colon, and the absorption of gases into tb^s cir culation, finally exhaled bv the lungs. >v . . j -i Fifth, catarrh, nasal, pharvngeal, or , ™08t- lSV'®S®" i bronchial, causes bad breath. Sixth, medicines oi aliments which undergo chemical changes below the esophagus may, by rapid absorption through the stomach walls, or immediately below, give to the breath the characteristic odor. Bad breath is often a source of serious annoyance to patients, and the fact that it has more tjian a local cause is too often ignored by the physician, who therefore fails to cure it. DAGGETT--Gregory is very close, isn't he? Cutting--I don't see how that eau be. He's always been pretty well off! Commanded To Work. In that very interesting little country, Montenegro, which, looking down on the Adriatic from its dark hills, is like a bit of medieval Europe saved from the wreck ef the past, the reigning Prince is still a sort of father to his people, and commands their actions as a parent does his children, though he would hardly veuture to oppress a people so like and really heoric. Recently Prince Nicholas, or Nikita, the monarch of this little domain, left his capital at Cettiuje to visit France. Before he departed, he ordered the people of a large part of his little country to meet him at the village of Danilograd. Arrived there, the Prince found the people ready to meet him, and he made to them the following remarkable speech: "My children, you are valiant and doughty fellows, and there is not one of you who is not ready to fire on the first Turk who comes, and chop off his head. "But when it comes to tho matter of work, you are terrible lazy. "Oh yes, you fight splendidly, but we no longer live in the times when the warrior cau support himself and family by fighting. ~ ing of these new ways of the world is the neccessitv of working for a living. I "Well, well! If the world has got to j work, each one must do his part of it. I want my people to become as brave ' toilers as they are fighters. j "Look around at these mountains! j What growfc on them? Nothing at all. No sheep are here, nor is there any grass for them to eat if they were here. "Now I want you to change all this, and you shall change it. Since the country is fit for the grape and the olive, every warrior shall plant, this very year, two hundred vine-stucka. SHE CHANGED HER MIND. % RitKat Until After the Conductor Ha Stopped the Train. The last train out on the Lifoortyvill* Branch was drawing away from th« junction. It was a black, dreary night, the raindrops dashed monotonously against the car-windows, and everybody on board from the fireman up to the passengers, scattered here and them through the cars in various stages of drowsiness, felt thankful that the journey would soon be over, and th«t| . more comfortable quarters av~utm them. In a dimly lighted corner sat a uttfft woman, of unmistakable African de­ scent. Her plump, placid face wore * look of unruffled contentment, as she gazed abstractedly at the tiny channels of water coursing down the window- pane, or gathered about her more closely the half-dozen bundles which occupied the rest of the seat. She Was startled from her reverie by the voice of the conductor. "Ticket, please, ma'am!" "Ticket, hey! Yes. Bah," and she began searching through pockets and packages innumerable for the missing bit of paper. Finally it was produced from the depths of a capacious pocket somewhere within the folds of her faded black gown. It was a ticket for Lib- ertyville. * "Dat's de on'y ticket I'se got, sail, bit I wanter git off ter Brown's FarmiS, - please. Meh sister's done took-sick day, end sent for me ter come right off. so I come jes's I was." The conductor hesitated. What Was the use of stopping at a little way-sta­ tion to let off people who had tickets for somewhere else, at a late time of night too? But his kinder feelings pre­ vailed and he promised to stop the train at all hazards--it wouldn't take long, and such a pressing case, too! The train sped oft until the lights of the lonely farm house that was the only sign of life about the deserted station shone across the meadows. Jerk went the bell-rope, down came the brakes, and the train stopped with a sudden­ ness that brought the sleepy passengers bolt upright in their 6eats. The con­ ductor hurried into the oar, slamming the door spitefully behind him, and strode down the aisle to where the little woman sat in the midst of her bundles^ She was to all appearance utterly un­ conscious of the disturbance going on around her, and was still engaged in peaceful meditation. 'Here's your station, ma'am? Ain't yer goin' ter get off!" bawled the vexed official. She looked up, smiling! "I was agoin' ter, but I done change meh mind. Guess '11 go 'long up ter Lib'ty- ville." The bell-rope was pulled again, and pulled hard. The bell of the locomo­ tive changed, and the train moved on through the rain and darkness.--New York Tribune. m Abraham Lincoln's Bedstead. A critical period in the history of this country is recalled, says the Washing­ ton Post, by the discovery of the old- fashioned French bedstead on which Abraham Lincoln slept during his en­ tire occupancy of the White House, and on which his body was laid when brought from Mr. Peterson's house, op­ posite the old Ford theater on Tenth street, after the assassination. Mrs. M. M. Magruder of 735 Thirteenth street is in possession of the bedstead nd prizes it very highly. The same bedstead was used during the admin­ istration of Gen. Grant and a portion of that of Mr. Hayes. It was stored in the attic of the White House, and in the early part of President Arthur's term was purchased by Mr. Magrrade^ who was e'friployed at the White House as a carpenter, at the general sale of fur­ niture. It has been identified by several of the employes who were at the White House during the periods mentioned, and particularly by the colored man who made the beds, by Mrs. Lincoln's messenger, and by Presi­ dent Lincoln's valet. Mrs, Magruder has also a marble-top table, purchased by her huSbaud at the same sale, which has been handed down from one ad­ ministration to another, and which was always understood to have been the first "President Harrison's card-table. Prussia's Little Prince. . The name givt-n to the little Prince of Prussia, is more of the German name than it souuds, and has been borne by some of the best as well as some of the worst members of the Brandenburger princes. It is au unwritten law of the Prussian Court that the names to be given at the christening of an infant of the reigning house must not be kuown to any one except the parents and sponsors until actually uttered at the- ceremony by the court chaplain. The secret was well preserved on this occasion as far as " Joachin" was con­ cerned, as it was generally supposed that the 'Kaiser would give Franz as the chief name to his youngo-t son, in compliment to his present warm friend and ally the Emj.eror Franz-Josef of Austria. At the banquet following the ceremony the Empress Frederick wore the same grey silk gown which she had specially made for the dinner she gave some weeks ago in honor of her daughter Victoria's engagement to the Prince of Schaumburg Lippe. Her Majesty was in high spirts and ffe- quently kissed her little granchiid. The Toad Grew Cp with a Tree. When a huge pine log was being sawed into timber at a suw mill on a small creek some two miles from Athens, as the workmen were turning it over preparatory to "squaring it," what was their astonishment to see the head of a huge frog bob out, where he was im­ bedded aud barely escaped being cut by the suw. How is th6 world hui frogship got there is a mystery, as he was completely incased without any possible means' of iugress or egress. As the log was the fourth or fifth from the butt of the tree, the frog must have had his apartment some fiifty or sixty feet from the ground. The tree was perfectly sound with the exception of a decayed spot some inches below the hermetically sealed prison of the freg. The animal was very fat and was unable to move when pulled out of his den, and he was taken in hand by one of the negroes who dis­ covered him in his singular domicile.-- Albany Neics and Advertiser. The Wise Tramp. Tramp--Please, ma'am couldn't yon spare roe a little Housekeeper--Go right away from here, or I'll call the dog, you lazy, dirty "Yes, ma'am, that's what I was about to remark. I'm travel-stained from my long journey, and I wanted to ask if you oouldu't spare.me a little soap." "Soap? Soap? Mercy on me! la the world ooming to an end? Walk right in, sir, and stay to dinner. You're more than welcome."-Street and Smith** Good Ktws. 3£