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MANY RECOMMENDATION* QP- FERED TO CONGRESS. A Careful R«rl«« of the Chilian Com- jpllctUoBD -- Other Foreign Relations-- , ItaUr l>e|l«latton-HU View* on Hw Sn- ' V <TH Qaeetton--Concerning Safflva*, Sit. "V '• _____ i The Annual Document. StbTRS SRXATK AKD fc'OUSH 09 UKPSBSEKTA- ' 8? ̂arts of the beads of the several ex- •tutive depaitDoents, required by law to be sub- nutted to me, which are herewith transmitted, wad <be reports of the Secretary of the Treas­ ury and the Attorney General, made directly to Congress, famish » comprehensive Tiewof the administrative work of the last fiscal year re- i about a p. ac< ful adju tmont.. ami it was it one lating to internal affairs. It would bo o»' great " ' advantage If these reports could have an at- tentlve petusal l>v every member of Congress, 1 and by all who take an interest tn public a > airs. yWlllMf 1 imsfaee yoor tn tenia that r ~ J dor Motors this put the Itata, with the arms andtmi took on board la San Diego, at the disj of the United BtMia." A trial tn the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of .California has reoentty lesolted in a decision balding, among other things, tbat, inamnu h as Um COOc cresatonal patty had not been ree gniaed as a belligerent, the aots done in its interest oould not be'a violation of our neutrality laws ̂From tula judgment the UniteU States has appealed, not t<Vt tbe condemnation of the vessel la a matter of importance, bat that yre may know what the preeeut mate of our law it; for, If this construction of the statute is cornet, there is obvious necessity for revision ana amendment. During the prcgr* as of the war in Chill this Government tendered its good offices to bring about, a ptaot ful odju tiuont.. ami it was at one time hoi>ea that ft giod result wight be reached; but in this we won* disappointed. • limit < tai^ledn Much a perusal could not tell to excite a high appreciation of the vast later and conscientious •sort whioh are given to the conduct of our civil Administration. Hie reports will. I believe, show that, every question has bean approached, considered ana decided from the standpoint of public duty and upon considerations affecting the public inter- eats alone, -Again i invite to evert' branch of the service the attention and scrutiny of con­ gress. he work of tlM State Department during the < fatet year has been characterized bv an unusual ; number of important negotiations and by diplo- ! taatic results of * notable ana highly beneficial | character. Among these are the reciprocal . trade arrangements which have been concluded, ' in the exercise of ihe powers conferred by , •action 3 of the Tariff law, with the I'epubl c of I Brazil, with Spain for its West India posses- j •tens, and with San Domingo. Like nrgotia- i tiouii with other countries have been miicu ad- j vauced, and it. is hoped that before the close : Of the year further definite trade trrangemenis of great valuejpill be conclude . j In view of the reports which had been re- i •aired aa to the diminution of the seal herds in j the Bebring Sea, I deemed it wise to propose to j ]Mr Majesty's Government in February last lhat ; an agreement for a closed season should be i -inftde, rending the negotiations which then j itiemed" to be approaching a favorable cos- j chiMon. After much correspondence, and ; delays for which this Government was i not reaponsible, an agreement was reached j and signed on the lath of Jut e, by which Great fritain undertook, ; frcm . that date and udtil May 1, 18BW, to prohibit the killing by her subjects ot ' aeals in the Behring Sea. and the Government of the United States during the same ptriod to enforce its existing prohibition against pelagic j sealing, and to limit the catch bv the Fur btal Oou.pany upon the island to 7,600 skins. If j this agreement could have been reached earlier, j In response to the strenuous endeavors of this | Government, it would have been more effec- j are still m the American Legation without suit- tivo ; but, coming as late as it did, it unques- j able conditions. The instructions to our naval offic** and to our Minister at Santiago, from t,h« flrst to the last of this struggle, enjoin d upon tham the moat impartial treatment and absolute non­ interference. I am satisfied that these instruc­ tions were observed anil that our representa­ tives were always watch till to use their influ­ ence impartially in tha interest of humanity, and on more thau one occasion did so effect­ ively. We could not. forget, however, that l"Li« Government, was in diplomatic relations with the then established Government of i hill, as it is pow in such relations with the mcetssor of that <iovernu.ent. i am quite sure that President Montt, who ha , uudercircumstai-.ces ot promise ior the peace ot Chili, been instal.ed as 1'resident ot that Kepublic, will not desire t at, in the unfortunate event of any revolt against Lis authority, the policy of thla Govern-, uueut should lw < tnur than tha. whic/i we have recently observed. No official complaint of the conduct of our Ministir or our nava: officers during th J strug- gH'has been presented to this (lovcmuitut, a i :t is a nitttkr of regret that so many of our peo­ ple have £ivei tar to unofficial u arges and complaints t at manifestly had .heir origin iu rival interests and in a wish to pervert the re­ lations of the United Btat'.-s with Chili. Ttke col apse of ibe governmeut ot Baltnaceda brought about a condition which id unfortu­ nately too familiar in the history of the Central and South American States. vVith the over­ throw of the italmaceda (.Government, he and many of his councillors and officers became ai once fujci.ivi 8 for their lives and appealed to the commanding officers o the foreign naval vessels iu the harbor of Valparaiso and to the resident loreigu ministers at Santiago for asylum, 1'biB asylum was freely giv>-n. according to my infor­ mation, by the naval vessels of se.oral foreign powers and by several of the legations at San­ tiago. The American Minister, as well as his ool- leagues, acting upon the impulses ot humanity, extended asymm to political refugees whose lives were in peril. 1 have not l>eeu willing to direct ibo surrender of such of these persons as . tlonably resulted In greatly diminishing the destruction of the seats by the Canadiau •ealers. In mv last annual message T stated that the basi B of arbitration propqse.l by her Majesty's Government for the adjustment of the iong- patidiug controvery as to the seal fisheries was not acceptable, I am glad now to be able to an­ nounce that terms satisfactory to this Govern­ ment have been agreed upon and that an agree­ ment as to arbitrators i* all that is necessary •to the completion of the convention. provision should be a e for a joint demar­ cation of the frontier line between t auada and the United Mates wherever required by,the in­ creasing border settlements, and especially for the exact location of the water boundary in the •traits and rivers. « , I should have baen glad to announce some favorable disposition ot the boundary dispute between Great Britain and Venezuela, touching the western frontier of Britis < Guiana, but the friendly efforts of tile United States in that di­ rection have thus far been unavailing. This Government will continue to' express its con­ cern at any appearance of foreign encroach­ ment on territories long unde rihe administra­ tive control of American states. The law of the last i ongret>e providing a sys­ tem of inspection for our meats intended for export and clothing the President with power to exclude foreign products from our ma net in cam the country sending them should perpetu­ ate unjust discriminations against any product of the United States, placcd this Government tn a position to effectively urge the removal of Such discriminations against our meats. It is gratifying to be able to state that Germany, Denmark, Italy, Austria and France, In the or- der named, have opened their ports to inspected American pork products. The removal of tbeee restrict ionR in every instance was asked fcr and given solely upon the ground that we had now provided a meat inspection that should be accepted as adequate to the com­ plete removal of the dangers, real or fancied, which had been previously urged. The State Department, our Miuisters abroad and the Secretaryof Agriculture have co-operated with unflagging and intelligent zeal for the accom- pUalw.ent of this great result. The outlines of an agreement have been reached with Germany looking to equitable trade concessions in con- •idoration ot the continued tree importation of her sugars, but the time has not yet, arrived when this correspondence can bs submi.ted to Congress. CJ'he recent political disturbances in the re­ public of Brazil have excited regret and solici­ tude. The information we possessei was tco meager to enable us to form a satisfactory judgment of the causes leading to the temporary •Bisumption of supreme power by President Konseca; but this Government dia not fail to etcpresa to him its anxious solicitude for the peace of Brazil and for the maintenance of the nae political institutions which had recently been established there, nor to offer our advice that great moderation should be observed in the claah of parties ami the contest for leader- ahip. These counsels were received in the most friendly epit it. and the latest information is tbat constitutional government has been re- eetablished without bloodshed. The lynching at New urleans in March laat of \ eleven men of Italian nativity by a mob of citi- ^aiiri was ft most deplorable and discreditable incident. It did not, however, have its origin In any general animosity to the Italian people, nor in any disrespect "to the Government of Italy, wita which bur relations were of the most friendly cnaracter. The fury of the mob waa directed against these men as tne supposed participants or accessories m the murder of a city ofboar. 1 do not allude to this as mitigat- it* in any degree this offense against law ttiul hnoraoity, but only as affecting the interna­ tional questions which grew out of it. It waa repreeented by the Italian Minister that several at those whose lives had been taken uy the mob «eie Italian subjec .s, and a demand w as made fir the punishment of the patticipants a. d UK an indemnity to the families of those Who were killed. It is to regretted that the ner in which these claims were presented not auch as to promote a calm discussion of the qae»tiom involved ; but this may well be attrtimted to the excitement and indignation which the crime naturally evokert. 'ihe views of tbia government as to its obligations to for- elgaera domiciled litre were fully stated in he itroapondence, as well as its purpose to make Investigation of the affair with a view to de­ ne whether there were piesent any cir- iBUinces that could, under such rules ot duty fehad indicated, create an obligation upon] United States. The temporary absence ut a Mlntater Plenipotentiary <-f Italy at this cap­ ital has re arded the lurther correspondence, but it ia not doubted that a friendly conclusion la attainable Some auggestions growing oul of this unhappy incident are wort y the attention of Congress. It would, 1 believe, be entiri ly competent for Congreaa to muke < ffeiiBes against the treaty righta of icreieners domiciled in the United Statea cognizable in-the Federal courts. This tes not, however, been done, and the Federal icers and courts have no power in such cases to intervene either for the protection of a for­ eign ci izen or for the punithimnt of bis slay- «rs. It seema to me to lollow in this state ot Ww that officers ot the State c barge a with polioe •nd judicial powers in such cttues must, in the OOUBideration of international questions, grow- t<ig out cf such incidents, be regarded in such tense as Federal agents as to make this Govern- Ipent answerable for their acts in cases where it Would be an-werable if the United t-tates had Seed its constitutional power to define and pun- fBh crimes against treaty rights. | The Chilian Complicatlona. ',f;- • The civil war in < hili. which began in Jana- • ^ .»ry last, was continued, but fortunately with ^ yfnirequent and not.important armed collisions, fmtil August 'i8, when the • on^ressional forces anded near Valparaiso, and after a bloody en- •iC^|agemeut captured that city. President Balma- t i :lCeda at once recognized that his cause waa lost, ^.Igund provisional government was speedily es- f ibhshed by the > ictorious party. Our Minister as promptly directed to recognize and put imself in communication with this govern- i ViJnent as it Bhould have established its ue facto character, which waa done. During the pen- It is believed that the Government of Chili is not in a position, in vlsw of the prFcedcnts with whi^li it has been connected, to broadly deny the light of asylum, and the correspond-^ ence has not thus far presented any men de­ nial. The treatment ot our Minister for a time was such as to call for a decided protest, and it waa very gratifying to observe that unfriendly measures which were undoubtedly the result of the prevailing excitement, ware at once rescind­ ed or suitably relaxed. On the ltiih of October an event occurred in Valparaiso so serious and tragic in its circum­ stances and results as to very justly excite the indignation of our people and to call for prompt and decided action on the part of this Govern­ ment. A considei able number of the sailors of the United States steamship Baltimore, then in the ha bor of Valparaiso, being upon shore leave and unarmed, were assaulted by armed men nearly simultaneously in different locali­ ties in the city. One petty officer waa killed outright and seven or eight seamen were seriously wounded, one of whom has since died. So far as I have yet been able io learn no Other explanation of this bi ody work has been suggested than that it had its origin in hostility to these men as sailors of the United Statee, wearing the uniform of their government, and not in any indivi uul act cr personal animosity. The attention of the Chilian government was at once called to this affair, and a statement of the facts obtained by the investigation we had con­ ducted was submitted, accompanied by a re­ quest to be advised of any other or qualifying facts in the possession of the Chilian govern­ ment that might tend to relieve this affair of the appearance of an insult to this Government. Tne Chilian government was also advised that if auch qualifying facts did not exist this Gov­ ernment could confidently expect full and prompt reparation. It is to be regretted that the reply of the Sec­ retary of Foreign Affairs of the provisional government was couched in an offensive tone. To this no response lias been made. Our Gov­ ernment is now awaiting the result of an in­ vestigation which has been conducted by the Criminal Court at Valparaiso. It is reported unofficially that the investigation Is about com­ pleted, and it is expected that the result will soon t:e communicated to this Government, to­ gether with some adequate and satisfactory re­ sponse to the note by which the attention of Chill was called to this incident. Ifthea< j. st expectations should be disap­ pointed or further needless delay intervene, 1 will, by a speci I message, bring this mater again to the attention of Congres • or such action as may be necessary. The entire corre- Bpondence with the Uov< rnmen of Chili will at an early day be aubmitted to Congreaa. I ntaivilaAlonai Copyright. In arnational tiatofrljb' has besn seourad, is MMCduee wftk tie condi ions of the act ot Mfcnh * mi, witfc Belgium, Franoe,.GMat Brit­ ain «n<i the Briti-h posaea iona, add ' witxer- lanil, tfeelawaof theae couutrie. permitting to oar aMMfia the heneHt of copyright on sub- atanttally the aameba,») a < to their own oitl- aena or aabjeota. With Germany a special con­ vention baa baa i negotiated upon this subject, whioh will bring that country within the recip­ rocal benefit! of our legislation. Tariff Legislation. The general interest in the operattws ot the TVeaaury Department has been much aug­ mented daring the last > ear by reaaon of the oonilioting pred'etiens, which accompanied and followed ute tariff and other legislation of the last Congress affecting tne revenues, as to the results of thla legislation upop the treasury and upon the country. It i« not my purpose to enter at any length into a discussion of the effects of tne legislation to which I have referred ; but a brief examina­ tion of the statintici* of the Treasury and a general glance at the stale of business through­ out the country will, I think, satisfy any im­ partial inquirer that its results, li'ive disap­ pointed, the evil propuecies of its opponents and in a large measure realized the hopeful predic­ tions cf its frienos. During the twelve months from October I. is *), to September 30, Irt U, the total value of our foreigu commerce (Imports and exports) was 81,747,8 6,4J0, which was the largest ot auy year in tjie history of the United States. The largeBt in. any previous year waa iu 1810, when our commerce amounted to 647,139,Osw, and the lust-year exceeds this enormous aggregate by over one hundred mill­ ion*. The average annual value of the imports of merchandise for the ten years from 1»81 to ltOJ was ; C hi,18(S,..2!, and during the year end­ ing Sept. ;w, 1891, ihis annual average was ex­ ceeded bv ?rl:iJ,3-y,Jti ». Tue value of free imports during the twelve mouths ending Kept. 3 >, 18J1, was cfll8,092,3d7 more than the value of free imports during the corresponding twolve months of the preceding year, and there wa < during the same period a decrease of tilOO.tjiO.iiOJ in the value of imports of dutiable merchandise. The percentage ot merchandise admitted free of duty during the year to which I have referred, the first under the new tariff, was 48:18, while duriugthe preoedingtwelve inonthA, under the old tariff, the percentage was iS4.27, an increase of 13.91 per cent, if we take the six months ending Sept. 21 last, which covers the time during which sugars have been admitted free oi duty, the per cent, of value of merchan­ dise imported free of duty is fouud to be 55.27, which is a larger percentage of free imports thau during any prior fiscal year in the history of the Government If we return to exports of merchandise the statistics are full of gratification. The value of such export? of merchandise for the twelve months ending f-eptember 3 , 1801, was $923,091.- 13tl, while for ibe corresponding previous twelve months it was §300,177,115, au increase of fttS,914,i 21» which is nearly three time-j the average increase of exports of, merchandise during any year in t e history of the Govern­ ment. Thr> increase in the value of exports of agricultural products during the year referred to over the corresponding twelve months of the prior year was $4d,Mti,197, while the increase in the value of exports of manufactured products was #lti,8H8,240. There is certainly nothing in the conditio^ of trade, foreign or .domestic, there is certainly nothing in the conuition of our people ot any class, to suggest that the existing tariff and rev­ enue legislation bears oppressively upon the people, or ret ards the commercial development of the nation. I think there are conclusive evidences that the new. tariff has created several great industries which will, within a few years, give employ­ ment to several hundred thousand American workingmen and women. In view oi the some- waat overcrowded condition of the labor mar* ket of the United States, every patriotic citizen ahou:d rejoice at such a result. prate Land C talma. of tho Court of Privatefcant t for by Mt of Mareh S, lf»»l, Into land the oonrt ocganiaed. to git* early relief to com- rcaaed in their development Jad titles, and to establish the poeiAalon and right of settlers whose lands nave been rendered valueless by adverse and unfounded otakns. Tho _ Clalaoa bmi hat* bean I fTianow tanniUea L by muMtJed" » ' ' ^ s n c y o f t h i s c i v i l c o n t e s t f r e q u e n t I n d i r e c t a p T> ' J**1.* were made to this Government to extend '^•.^'..belligerent righta to the insurgents and to give hj. . •• •».. audience to their representatives. This was '. declined, and tbat policy was pursued through- ,out which this Goveminen , when wrenched oy -/•civil war so strenuously insisted upon on the • part of European nations. The Ztata, an armed vessel commanded by a naval officer of the insurgent fleet, manna « by *its sailors and with soldiers on board waa re;? seised under process ot the United States'court • l^at San l)iego, Cal, for a violation of our neu- >t;.^teality laws. While in the custody of an officer '•> Of the court, the vessel was forcibly wrested t t • , , from his control and put to K a. It would h ,ve V ^Afbeen inconHistent with the dignity and self- •.; . 5.-.';respect oi thiKGovei anient nott have insisted » , f , »n . - that the Itata should be returned to San Diego p?t •, ' *"to abide the judgment of the court. This was so 4 » clear to the Junta, of tbe Congressional party, b : " '*"4 ,V \ eetablished at Iquique, that, before the arrival WPigt th* Itata at tbat port, the Secretary of For- m* fj.'i'f̂ v.-̂ lgn Belatlona of the Provisional Government J, ' ' f\ „ .^.aodreaaed to Bear Admiral Brown, command- g'v '. " *r," lng the United States naval forces, a communl- V" , £"•</> cation, from which the following is an extract: M * < • "The Provisional Government has learned by 'A t cableg-ams of the Associated Press that 3 s - ' the tranapoat Itata, detained: at Ban Diego by j ,'y- order of the United States for taking on board I f, munitiona of war, and in possession of ' ' v '* ' It marshal, left the port carrying on board Sf , official, who was landed at a point near ia.",' f. eoaat, aad thus continued her voyage. If fc.'.l- , I-,; " newa be correct, this Government woald pjptore tlM oooaaet of the ttirta, Mid as Other Foreign Relatione. I renew the recommendation of my special meaiage dated January 16,1890, f< r the adoption of the necessary legislation to enable this Government to apply in the case of Sweden and Norway tne same rule in respect to the levying of tonnage dues as was claimed and secured to the shipping of the United States in 1928 under Artiale 8 of the treaty of 1827. The adjournment of the Senate without ac­ tion on toe pending aats for the suppression of the sl%ve traffic in Africa, and for the reform of the revenue tariff of the iuc- pendent State of the Congo left this Government unable to ex- charge those acts on the date fised, July 2,1891. A modus vivendi has been concluded by which tbe power of tbe Congo state to levy duties on imports is left unimpaired, and, by agreement pt all the signatories to the general slave trade act, the time for the exchange of ratifications on the part of the United States has been extended lib Feb. 2, IMtt. The late outbreak against foreigners in vari­ ous parts of the Chinese Kmpire has been the caune of deep concern in vie* of the numerous establishments of our citizens in the interior of that country. This Government ean do no less than insist upon a continuance of the protective and punitory measures which the Chinese Gov- ernment has heretofore applied. No effort will be omitted to protect our citizens peaceably so journing in China, but recent unofficial infor­ mation indicates that what was at first regard­ ed as an outl reak of mob violence against for­ eigners has assumed the larger form of an insurrection against public order. The Chinese Government has declined to receive |Mr. Blair as the Minister of the United States on the ground that, as participant, while a Senator, in the enactment of the existing leg­ islation against the introduction of Chinese laborers, he has become unfriendly and objec­ tionable to,China. I have felt constrained to point out to the Chinese government the un- tenableness ot this position, which seems to to rest as much on tne unacceptability of our legislation as on that of the person chosin. and which if admitted, woald practically debar the selection of any representative ao long as the existing laws remain in force. You will be called upon to consider the expe­ diency of making special provision by law for temporary admission of some Chinese artisans and laborers in connection with tbe exhibit of Chinese in ustries at the approaching Colum­ bian Kxposition 1 regard it as desirable that tbe Chinese exhibit be facilitated in every proper way. The government and people of Spain propoee to celebrate the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by holding an exposi­ tion at Madrid, which will open on the 12th of September and continue until the 31st of De­ cember, 18 3. A cordial invitation has been ex­ tended to the United States to take part in this commemoration and, as hpaia was one of the first nations to express the intention to partici­ pate in the Wcrld's Columbian Exposition at Chicago, it would be appropriate for this gov­ ernment to give this Invitation its friendly piomotion. burveya for the c nnecting links of the pro­ jected Inter-Continental lta Iway are in prog­ ress, not only in Mexico, but at various points along the course mapped out. Three surveying parties are now in tne field undet the direction of the commission. Nearly 1.1HK) miles of the proposed road have been surveyed, including the moBt difficult part, that through Ecuador and the southern part of Colombia. The reports of the engineers are very satisfactory and show that no insurmountable obstacles have been met with. On Nov. 12, 1884, a treatv waa concluded with Mexico reaffirming the boundary betwoeu the two countries as described in the treaties of Feb. 2, 1848, and Dec. 30, 1833. March 1, 1889. a further treaty was negotiated to facilitate the carrying out of the principles of the ireaty of The death of King Kalakaua iu the United States' afforded occasion to testify our friend­ ship for Hawaii by conveying the King's body to nis own land in a naval vessel with all hon­ ors. The Government of his successor. Queen liliuokalani, is seeking to promote closer com­ mercial relations with the United States. This Government has found a reason to ex­ press in a friendly spirit, but with much earn­ estness, to tho government i f the Czar, its se­ rious concern because ot the harsh measures now being enforced against the Hebrews in Rus­ sia. The immigration of these people to the United States--many other countries being closed to them-is largely increasing, and is likely to assume proportions which may make it difficult to find homes and employment for bore, and to seriously affect the labor Receipts and .Expenditures. Tho report of the Secretary of the Treasury shows that the total receipts of the Govern­ ment, from all sources, for the fiscal year end­ ing June 30, .8 0, were S458,5-14,233.1)3, while the expenditures lor the same period were #421,304,- 470.46, leaving a surplus of ^17,5:59,762.57. Tne receipts of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1:92, aciual and estimated, are Sl;y,O0O,( O0 and the expenditures !$409,O!)G,l0J For the fiscal year ending Juue 30, 1891, the estimated receipts are #455,330,360 and the expenditures 8441,3uu,093. Silver as Currency. Under the law of July 14, 1890, the Secretary of the Treasury has purchased since Aug. 18, during the fiEcal year, 43,393,113 ounces of silver bulhon at an average cost of $1,045 per ounce. The highest price paid during the year was SI 2025, and the lowest $ M(63». In exchange for this silver* bullion there have been issued $50,- 577,498 of the treasury notes authorized by the act. The ablest advocates of free coinage in the last Congress were most confident in their prediction that the purchase by the Government required by the law vtould at onoe bring the pries of silver to $1.2929 per ounce, which would make the bullion vaiue of a dollar 100 cents and hold it there. The proph­ ecies of the anti-silver men of disasters to result from the coinage of *2,000,000 per month were not wider f oui tho mark. The friends of free silver are not agreed, I think, a3 to the causes that brought their hopeful predictions to naught. Some facts are known. Tho exports of Bilver from London to India during the first nine months of this calendar year fell off over 20 per cent., or 817,2 2,730 compared with the same months of the preceding year. The exports of domestic silver bullion from this country, which had averaged for the last ten years over W7,UOJ,000. fell in tbe last fiscal year to $13,797,391; while, for the first time in recent years, the imports of silver into this country exceeded the exports by the turn of $2,745,31)5. In tbe previous year the net ex­ ports of silver from the United states amounted to $8,545,455. Tbe production of the Uni'ied ttates increased from 50,0^0 000 ounces in 1689 to 54,500,0(0 in 1890. The Government is now buying and putting aside annually 54,000,000 ounces, which, allowing for 7,140,i Oi ounces of new bullion used in the arts, is 0 040,000 more than our domestic product available for coin­ age. 1 hope the depression in the price of sil­ ver is temporary and that H further trial of this legislation will more favorably affect it. I an still of tbe opinion that the free coinage of stiver under existing condjtioas would disas­ trously affect our business interests at home and abroad. We could not hope to maintain an equality in the purchasing power of the gold and silver dollar in our own markets, and in foreign trade the stamp gives no adaetl value to the bullion contained in coins. The producers of the country, the farmers and laborers, have the highest interest that every dollar, paper or coin, issued by the govern me at shall be as good as any other. If there is one less valuable than another its sure andconstaut errand will be to pay them for their toil and for their crops. The money-lender will protect himself by stipulating for payment in gold, but the laborer has n tver been able to do that. To place business upon a silver basis would mean a sudden aod severe contraction of the currency by the withdrawal of gold and gold notes, and such an unsettling of all values as would pro­ duce a financial panic. I cannot believe that a people so strong and prosperous as ours will ) romote such a policy. I believe it is tha earnest desire of a great majority of tho j>eople, as it is mine, tbat a full coin use shall be made of silver just as soon aa the co-operation of other nations can be se­ cured a; d a ratio fixed that will give circulation equally to gold and silver. Bi-metalism is the desired end, and the true friends of Bilver will be careful not to overrun the goal and bring in silver monometalism, with its necessary at­ tendants, tbe loss of our gold to Europe and the relief of the pressure there for a larger cur­ rency. " The How of Gold. The exports ot gold to Europe, wliich began in February la»t and continued until the close of July, aggregated over 70,(<00,000. The net loss of ROld during tbe fiscal year waa nearly SS8,000,000. Tbat no serious monetary disturbance resulted was most, gratifying, and gave to Europe tresh evidence of the strength and stability of our financial institutions. With the movement of crops ihe outflow of gold has speedily stopped, ana a return set in. Up to Dec. 1 we had recov­ ered of our gold loss at the port of Hew York S27,854,0J0. Surplus Revenues, The pretence of a large cash surplus in the Treasury has for many years been tbe subject of much unfavorable criticism and has ur- nished an argument to those who have desired to placo the tariff upon a purely revenue basis. It was agreed by all that tho withdrawal from circulation of so large an amount of money was au embarrassment to tbe business of the coun­ try and made necessai y the interv. ntion of the department at frequent intervals to relievo the threatened monetary panics. The surplus on March 1, 1889, was $183,827,190.29. The policy of applying tbi* surulus to tbe redemption of the intereBt-be&ririg securities of the United States is thought to be preferable to that of depositing it without interest in se­ lected national banks. There have been re­ deemed since the date last mentioned of inter­ est-bearing securities si5y,07t»,S5 >, resulting in a reduction of the annual interest charge of $11.- 654,C75 Tbe money which had been deposited in banks without interest has been gradually withdrawn and used in the redemption of bonds. The result of this policy, of the silver legisla­ tion, and of the refunding of the 4'j per cent, bonds, has been a large increase of the monev in circulation. At the date last named the cir­ culation was 81,404,2i 5,89'i, or $23.03 per capita; while on the first day of December. 1891, it had increased to 81,677,202,07j, or <>24.:i8 per capita The offer of the Secretary of the Treasury to the holders of the 4Vj per cent, bonds to extend the time of redemption, at the option of the Gov­ ernment, at au interest of 2 per cent., was ac­ cepted by the holders of abo«t one-half tbe amount, and the unextendetl boiuUi hp(t[g redeemed on preaentation. The Chinese Question. The enforcement of the Treasury Department of the law prohibiting the coming of Chinees to the United States has beafa effective aa to auch aa aeek to land from vessels entering our ports. The result has been tridivert the travel to vea- a*lt entering the porta of British Columbia, whence a paaaags into the United Statea at ob­ scure polnta along the Dominion boundary i« eaay. The Dominion Government collects a head tax of $H> from every Chinaman entering Canada, and thug derives a considerable reve­ nue from those who only u e iti ports to reach a position of advantage to evade our exclusion lawi. There seems to be satisfactory evidence that the business of passing i binamen through Canada to tho United States Is organised and quite aetivo. . The Department of Justtqs haa construed the'laws to require the return oi any Chinaman found to be unlawfully in this coun­ try to china as the country from which became, notwithstanding tho fact that he came by way of Canada. This construction robs the jaw of all effectiveness, and I recommend soldi legisla­ tion as will remedy dcfects in the law. The Postal Service. In the report of tho Postmaster General some very gratifying results are exhibited and many betterments Of the service suggested. Ocean mail postoflices have been established upon the steamers of the North German Lloyd and Ham­ burg Linos, saving, by the distribution on ship­ board. from two to fourteen hours" time Eight thousand miles of new postal service have been established upon railroads, the car distribution to substations in the great cities have been increased about 12 per cent., while the percentage of errors in distribution has, during the past .year, bean, reduced over one- half. H An appropriation was given by the last ' on- gress for the purpose of making some experi­ ments in free delivtry in the smaller cities and towns. The results of those experiments have been so satisfactory that tha Postmaster Gen­ eral recommends, and I concur in the recom­ mendation. that the free delivery system bo at once extended to towns of S.OjO population. It is not just, that the farmer who receives his mail at a neighboring town should not only be compelled to send to the postoffice for it. but also to pay considerable rent- for a box in wnich to place it or to wak his turn at-a general de­ livery window, while the city resident has his mail brought to his door. I also recommend the extension of the money order system. Tlia.Xavv. The report of the Seojfetary of the Navy shows a gratifying Increase of new naval vessels in commission. When it is recollected that the work of building a modern navy was only ini­ tiated in 1883, that our naval constructors and ahlp-builders were practically without experi­ ence in the construction of large iron or steel ships, the progress that has been made is highly satisfactory, I commen to your favorable consideration the recommendations of tbe Sec­ retary, who has, I am sure, given to them most conscientious study. There should be no heal- tation in promptly completing a navy of the bes£ modern type, large enough to enable ,̂thla country to display its flag in all seas for the protection of its citizens and Of lta extending commerce. Indian Affairs. The report of the Secretary of the Interior Shows that a very gratifying' progress has been made in all of the bureaus which make up that coinplox^and difficult department. The work in the Bureau of Indian Affairs was perhaps never so Iftfge as now by reason of the numerous negotiations which have been proceeding with the tribes for a reduction of the reservations. The providing Of adequate sohool facilities for Indian children and the locating of adult In­ dians upon farms involve the aolntion of the "Indian queation." - Tho Land Office. Early in tbia administration a special effort waa begun to bring up the work of the General Laud Office'. Bv faithful work the arrearages have beafi rapidly radioed. . At the end of the last fiscal year only 84,172 final agricultural en­ tries remained undisposed of. Tour attention is called to the difficulty presented by the Sec­ retary of the Interior as to the administration of the law of March 8, 1891, establishing a court of private land claims. The small holdings in­ tended to be protected by the law are estimated to be more than 15,000 in nitmber. The claim­ ants are a most deserving class, and their titles are supported by the strongest equities. The Pension Bureau. The .administration of the Pension Bnreaa has beeu characterized durings},he year by great diligence. The total'number'of pensioners up­ on the rolls on th» 3. th day ot June, 1(-91, was 67(5,100. There were allowed during the fiscal year ending at/ithat time 2i0,575 cases. Of this number lu2,33C were allowed under the act of June 27, 1870. The issuing of certificates has been proceeding at the rate of about 30,000 per month, about 75 per cent, of those be­ ing cash under the new law. The Commissioner expresses the opinion that he will be able to carefully adjudicate and allow 35O,OC0 claims daring the present fiscal year. The appropria­ tion for th-f paymeut of pensions for the fiscal year 18Ji -91 was $127,685,793.89, and the amount expended ©118,530,649.25, leaving an unexpended surplus of $9,156,14 (.04. Tbe Commissioner is quite confident that there will be no call this year for a deficiency appropriation, notwithstanding the rapidity with which the work is being pushed. The mie- take which has been made by many in their ex­ aggerated estimates of the cost of pensions is in not taking account of the diminished value of flr^t payments under the recent lrgial ition. These payments, under the gen­ eral law, have been for many years very large, as the pensions, when allowed, dated from th^ time of filing the claim, and most o.' those claims had been pending for years. The first payment under the law: of June, 1890, are ^relatively small, and, as the*per cent, of these cases increases and that of the old cases diminishes, the annual aggregate of first pay- mentals largely reduced. The tommisslotier, under date of Nov. 13, furnishes me with the statement that during the .ast tour months 113,175 certificates were issued, 27,893 under the general law and 25,282 under the act of June 27,1890, The average first payment dur­ ing these four months was $131.8 >, while the average first payment upon cases allowed dur­ ing the year ending June 30, 1891, was $239.33. The estimate for pension expenditures for the next fiscal year ending June : 0, 189.), is 8144,- 93ti(C0J, which, after a careful exaiuinafctoii of the suoject. the Commissioner ia of the opinion will be sufficient. Subsidised Railroads. The report of the Commissioner of Railroads shows that the total debt of the subsidised railroads to the United States was, on Dec. 31, 1890, $112,912,613. A large part of this debt is now fast approaching maturity, with no ade- qua e provision for its payment, tome policy ior dealing with this debt, with a view to its ultimate collection, should bo at once adopted. Progress of the Gensos. Tha work of the Census Bureau Is now far in odvancs and the great bulk of the enormous la­ bor involved lompleted. It will be more strictly a statistical exhibit and less incumbered by essays than its immediate predecessors. The methods pursued have been fair, careful and intelli ent, and have secured the approval of the statisticians, who have followed them with a scientific and non-partisan interest. Irrigating Arid Territories. The repo. t of tho Secretary exhibits, with in - tereating fullness, the condition of tue Terri­ tories. They have shar, d with the States the great increase in products, arid arc bringing yearly large areas into cultivation by extending iheir iirigatiug canals. This work is being done by ludividuals or local corporations, and without that system which a full pre­ liminary survey of t ie water supply and of the irrigable lands would enable them to adopt. The future of the Territories of New Mexico, Arizona and Utah in their material growth and in the increase, independence and happiness of their people is very largely dependent upon wise and timely legislation, eitaer by Congress or their own Legislatures, regulating the distribution of tho water supply furnished by their streams. If this mat­ ter ia much longer neglected, private corpor­ ations will have unrestricted control of one of the elements of life of the arid lands. The United States should part with its owner­ ship of the water source* and the sites for res­ ervoirs, whether to the States and Territories or to individuals or corporations, only upon conditions that will iusure to the settlers their proper water supply upon equal and reasonable V4NTXDS. •-'*"> ja baaia of tike aaoaaaa has atta ded our efforts to secure tbe r* of the reatrietlooa maintained by theKuropaim govarnmaiita. 1* ia partioularly fortunate that tha inoraaaed demand for food prod- uota, resulting from the removal of the re- strlctiona upon oar meata and from tha recip­ rocal trade arrangamenta to whioh I have re­ ferred, should, have come at a time when the agricultural aurplna la ao large. Without the help thus derived, lower prioea would Jiave pre­ vailed. The Secretary of Agrirnlfllre eati- mataa tbat the restrictiona upon tha importa­ tion of our pork pxoduota into Europe loat ua a market lor irf0,000,003 worth of these products annually. The grain crop of this year was the largest in our history, SO per cent, greater than that of laat year, and yet the new markets that have bean opened and the larger demand resulting from abort crops in JBu ope, have auatalned prioea to each an extent that the enormous aur- plua of meats and bread stuff a will be marketed at good prices bringing relief and prosperity to an industry that waa much depressed. Hie vtfaa of the grain crop oi the United Statea la estimated by tbe (secretary to be this year five hundred million dollars more than last; of meats, one hundred and fifty millions more; and of all products of tha farm, seven hundred millions more. It la not inappropriate, I think, here to suggest that our satisfaction in the contemplation of this mar­ velous addition to the national wealth ia un­ clouded by any suspicion of the currency by which it ia meaaured and in which the fanner la pa d for the product of his fields. Civil Service. The rep rt of the Civil Service Commiss'on should receive the careful attention of the oppo­ nentas well as the friends, of this reform. The commission invites a personal inspection of its records and methods. The efforts of the several executive departments have been di­ rected to establish at once an effh ieuoy reoord as the basis of a comparative lating of tne cler&s within the cla sided service, with a vi-rw to placing promotions therein upon the basis of merit. I am confident that such a record, fairly kept, and open to the inspection of those interested, will powerfully stimulate the work of the departments and will be accepted by all as placing the troublesome matter of pro­ motions upon a just basis. I recommend that the appropriations for the Civil Rervice Com­ mission be made adequate tn the increased work of the next fiscal year. Protection for Railroad Kmployea. I have twice before urgently called the atten­ tion of Congress to the necessity of legislation for the protection of the lives ot railroad em­ ployes, but nothing has yet been done. Dur- iag the year ending June 30, 1890, 889 brakemen were killed and 7;841 maimed while engaged in coupling cars. The to- tal number of railroad employes killed during the year was 2,451, and the num­ ber injured 22,399. This is a cruel and largely a needless sacrifice. A law requiring of every railroad engaged in interstate commerce the equipment each year of a given per cent, of its freight cars with automatic couplers and air brakes to be used would very soon and very greatly reduce the present fearful death rate among railroad employes. s' L it* '?*/ i f^He «- * v /»..» &>.*. V .. V ' M rluk.: llC-l report of the Maritime Canal " Mlr-aragua shows that much costly ry preparatory work has beet, ione year iu the construction of ahopa, cka and harbor piers and break- that the v*ork iu the canal'a con- _,s made som-e progress. to be a matter of the highest con- the United States that this canal con- tfcewatan of th* Ailantie aod PMUto * The Army. , The report of the Secretary of tPfcf ^ihfb!ts the reeults of an intelligent, progressive, and business-like administration of a department which has been too much regarded as one of mere routine. The work of securing sites for shore batteries for harbor defense and. the man­ ufacture of mortars and atma of high power to equip them have made gob&progreaa during the ^^•pmlartofMlittiag Indiana waalTedmy Utah and Polygamy. The lagtalaUou of Congresrfor the-tigwilBsion of polygamy has, after years of resistance on the part of the Mormons, at last brought them to the conclusion that resistance is unprofitable and unavailing. The power of Congress over this subject should not be surrendered until we have satisfactory evidence that the peo­ ple of the btate to be created would exer­ cise the exclusive power of the State over this subject in the same way. The ques­ tion is not whether these people now obey the laws of Congress against polygamy, but rather would they make, enforce and maintain such laws themselve if absolutely free to regulate tho subject? Wo cannot afford to experiment with this subject, for when a State is once con­ stituted the act is final, and any mistake irre­ trievable. Department of Agriculture. If the eatabHahment of the Department of Agriculture was regarded by any on© as a mere conoeasion to the unenlightened demand of a worthy olass of people, that impreaaf ou has been most effectually removed by the great results already attained. lta home influence haa been ••ry great in diegeinlnating agricultural, and horticultural information; in stimulating and directing a further diversification of crops; in detecting and eradicating diaaaaea of dointeUo •nimaU: and, more than all, in theoloeeaod Constitutional Amendment Huggmted. The method of appointment by the Statea of Electors of President and Vice President has recently attracted renewed interest by reason of a departure by the State of Michigan iroin the method which had become uniform in all the States, Prior to 1832 various methods hod been used by the different States, and even by the same State. After a full test of other methods, without important division or dis­ sent in auy State and without any purpose of party advantage, as wo must believe the prac­ tice of all the Mates was brought into harmony. That this concurrence should now by broken ia, I think, an unfortunate and even threatening episode, and one thit may well suggest whether the States that still give their approval to the old and prevailing methods ought not to secure by a constitutional amendment, a practice which has had the approval of all. The recent Michigan legislation provides for choosing what are popularly known as the Congressional Electors ior President by Congressional dis­ tricts, and the two senatorial Klectors by dis­ tricts created for that purpose This legisla­ tion was, of course, accompanied by a new Congressional apportionment, and the two statutes bring the electoral vote of the State under the influence of the gerrymander. These gerrymanders for Congressional pur­ poses re in most eises uuttre^sed by a gerry­ mander of the legislative (list icts, thut making it impos-ible for a majority of t >e l^gal voters of tue State to correct the apportionment and to equalize the Congressional representa­ tion of all the di tricts. A minority rule iq established that only a politic .1 convulsion can overthrow. 1 have recently been advised that in one county of a certain State three districts for the election of mem­ bers of the Legislature/are constituted as fol­ lows : One has t>5,000 population, one 15;0(0, and one 10,000, while in another county, detach­ ed non-contiguous sections have been united to make a legislative district. These methods have already found effec­ tive application to the choice of Sen­ ators and i epresentatives in Congress, and now an evil start nas been made in tne direction of applying tfatra to the choice by the States of £leciors of President and Vice Presiaent, If this is accomplished we shall then have three great- departments of tha Government in the grasp of the "gerrymander," the legislative and the executive directly and the judiciary indi­ rectly through the power of appointment. An election implies a body of electors elect­ ors having prescribed qualifications--each of whom has an equal status and influence in de­ termining the result. So when the Constitu­ tion provides that each State shall appoint (elect) in such manner as the Legislature tnereaf may dirt ct, a number of electors, etc.. au unre­ stricted power was not given to he LeeisJatures in tbe selection of the methods to be used. "A re­ publican form of government"' is guaranteed by the Constitution to each State, and the power given by the same instrument to the legislatures of the States to prescribe methods for tne choice, by the State, of electors, must be exercised un­ der that limitation. The essential features of such a government are the right of tne people to choose their own officers and the nearest practicable equality of value in the suffrages given iu determining that choice. Nothing just now is more important than to provide every guarantee for the absolutely fair and free choice by an equal suffrage, with the respective States, of all the officers of the Na­ tional Government, whether that suffrage is ap­ plied directly, as in the choice of members of the House of Representatives, or indirectly, as iu the choice of Senators and electors of President, ltespect for public officers and obe. dienee to the law will not ceaso to be the char­ acteristics of our people until our electiona cease to declare the will of majorities fairly as­ certained, without fraud, suppression, or gerry­ mander. All the States have, acting freely and separ­ ately. determined that the choice of elections uy a general ticket ia the wisest and safest method, and it would seem there could be no , objection to a constitutional amendment making tbat method permanent. If a legislature cbossn in one year upon purely local questions should, pending a Presidential contest, rescind the law for a choice upon a general ticket and provide for the choice of electors by the Legie- latu e and this trick should determine the re- suit, it is not too much to aay that tho publio peaoe might be aerioualy and widely endan­ gered. ft Frauds Against the Suffrage. An attempt was made in the last Congress to bring to bear the constitutional powers of tbe General Government for the correction of frauds against the suffrage, it is important to know whether the o( position to such meas­ ures is really rested in particular feat­ ures supposed to be objectionable or includes any proposition to give to the election laws of the U i ited States adequacy to the cor- r. ction of grave and acknowledged evils. I must yet en ertain the hope that it is possiblo to secure a calm, patriotic consideration of such constitutional or statutory changes as may be neccssary to secure the choice of the officers of the Government to the people by fair appointments and free elections. I believe it would be possible to constitute a commission non-partisan in its membership, and composed of patriotic, wise and impartial men, to whom a consideration of the question of the evils connected with our election system and methods might be committed with a good proe- poet of securing unanimity In some plan for re­ moving or mitigating those evils, 'ihe t onsti- tution would permit the selection of the commission to be vested in the Supreme Court, it that method would give the best guaranty ot impartialty. While the policies of the General Government upon the tariff, upon the restoration of our merchant marine, upon river and harbor im­ provements and other such matters of grave and general conoern are liable to bo turned this way or that by the results of Congressional elections and administrative policies, some­ times involving issues that tend to peace or war, to be turned this way or that by the results of a Presidential election, there is a rightful interest in all tho States and iu every Congressional district that will not be deceived or silenced by the audacious pretense that the question of the right of any body of 1< gal voters in any btate, or in any Con­ gressional district, to give their suffrages freely upon these general questions is a matter only of local concern or control. The demand that the limitation of suffrage shall be found in the law, and only there, ia a just de­ mand, and no just man should resent or resist it. My appeal is, and must continue to be, for a consultation that shall "proceed with candor, calmness and patience upon the lines of justice and humanity, not of prejudice and cruelty." To tha consideration of these very grave ques­ tions 1 invite not only the attention of Con­ gress, but that of all patriotic citizens. A trust, momentous in its influence upon our people and upon the world, is for a brief time committed to us. and we must not be faithless to its first condition--the defense of the free and equal influence of the people in the choice of publio officers and in tbe control of public affairs. Sscoozm MAKKOK, Deo. ' I'.V**- ::"'V i' -> . U On we' frlendlteuiiJ rioUS ittMte- aUiwtfa - Bt Ot one occasp^e «*gty, as _ otherwise these his regard by paring/ will make themselves moltf * some unwelcome( ant, to say the least. M:M * lian, who was cruising about these is­ lands iu a small yacht, found it nec­ essary to make some repairs to his boat, and took advantage ot a friend­ ly harbor for that purpose. He pur­ chased a bit of land with a small house upon it from the chief, and work was Immediately begun. Everything went weil for a time, as the chief expressed himself to be en­ tirely satisfied and friendly. Soon, however, the workmen began to miss one smail thing after another, and finally an irreparable loss was sus­ tained, by the natives entering the house at night, ariQ cutting the bel- • lows of the forge thfough at tbe noz­ zle. \ Hearing of this from the workmen, the gentleman decided to go ashore and demand satisfaction from the > chief. The only result of the inter­ view seemed to be a loss of temper on one side, and a display of insolence / upon the other, the chief showing an > offensive indifference. "After delivering my ultimatum/* says the yachtsman, ,41 turned round* ' and found about fifty armed men coming out of the bush behind jne. Hallo! thought I, this looks like i fighting; so I began to back down to :& the beach, at the same time prepar­ ing a small revolver I had in my pocket. ^« "The old chief, meanwhile, had ' ,? taken a tomahawk and spear from be- C hind a tree, and made a rush for me, and as he lifted his tomahawk "to v strike, I Aired full at his breast, but v„- • the revolver missed fire, and I only savfed my skull by catching his arm . as it jfell, and giving him a trip at the same time, which tmabled me to back away faster than hewild follow me. « , £iV." that the nor ua- Inquired Mtolitii Polytechnic (likntAht# the great General advice. Kapoleon announced his intention of reading a paper to the French In­ stitute. Monge frankly expressed his disapproval of the plan. "You have not time to write a good paper, and you cannot afford to write a podr one. The eyes of the world are upon you. Whatever you write will be severely criticised." Napoleon was astounded and indig­ nant at this plain speaking, bat he never wrote the paper. On the voyage in a frigate from Alexandria to France, Napoleon said to those who were in his confidence: I ain taking two very different chances. If this vessel is captured by the English and I am thrown into an English prison, I shall be In the eyes of Franco a common deserter, a gen­ eral who left his army without au­ thority to do so. "Hut if I reach France in' safety, subdue the factions, take command of the army, and carry out my plans for the nation's good, 1 shall win the blessings of our fellow-countrymen. "I will not be taken by an English vessel. If we encounter one, we will fight as long as possible, : and when the enemy begins to board us, we must sink the ship." This desperate plan was received in silence, and with evident disapproval, except by Monge, who said, when it appeared that no one else was going to speak: "Yes, General, you have stated the situation exactly. If what you sug­ gest happens we must sink the ship. I was waiting for this proof of friendship, and I Charge you with executing the plan," replied Napoleon. Not long afterward an alarm was given, and every one hastened to his post to defend the frigate against an approaching English vessel. It was soon discovered, however, vessel was not English friendly. "Where is Monge?" Napoleon. "Find him and tell him that the .danger is past." Mtfnge was found at his post by the powder-magazine with a lighted lan­ tern in his hand.--Youth's Com­ panion. ' % *7*-tr * TT;'- fit for T»t. ,, It is, or, if not, it ought to be, re­ lated by Horace Greeley, that once upon a time while traveling in a rail­ way car he had for a companion one of those young lawyers of the ' kind which it is, unnecessary to describe because everybody knotfs it. After a^ few commonplace remarks had been exchanged, the lawyer suddenly began an unprovoked criticism of Greeley's paper. "Of course," he said, "I* admire you, Mr. Greeley--everybody does-- and I'm a Republican to .the back­ bone; but then I think you will your­ self admit that the Tribune isn't up to the standard of several other New York papers. Now, I never read tha Tribune. I take the Henild because I think it has more news." Mr. Greeley listened for some time in silence, and then, as K to change the subject, said: "I understand, my young friend, that you won an important case in the Supreme Court the other aay." Oh, yes," said the lawyer, all smiles as he thought of his victory. "Your opponent was Mr. Blank," continued the old editor, gravely. • Yes," with just a suspicion of ft sneer in the accent. ' "A very capable lawyer." "Oh, yes." The sneer was quite evident this time on the face of the young man. My own opinion, in spite of your victory in the case, is that he is a much better lawyer than you are." The young man fairly gasped with astonishment, but Mr. Greeley merci­ lessly went on: "If I had any legal business I should give it to him in preference to you. Of course I never heard you try a case, and I know nothing about you. I admire you very much. But 1 have a feeling that Mr. Blank must be much the better lawyer." By this time the point had dawned on the young critic of the Tribune, and, suddenly remembering that ho wished to see a friend in the smoker, he left Mr. Greeley for the remainder of the Journey. • ~j t r . > * Thrift in France* ';£"*•» i.*'V ' Whenever a public loan is offered in France, the world is astonished at the eagerness with which it is taken, and the huge sums subscribed by multi­ tudes of small capitalists. Few of us have an idea of the vast- ness of the money savings of the French people. If such a structure as the Biffel Tower were byfilt in pure silver, it would require something more than ' two thousand million francs' worth of that metal. Two stages more would need to bo added to the tower to represent tho savings of the French people now de­ posited in the Caisse d'Epargne, or savings bank. A comparison like this appeals to the imagination, it is one that was recently made by the Min­ ister of Finance. The deposits in French private and postal savings banks combined now number six and a half millions, and the same deposited are more than two thousand eight hundred million francs, or 112,000,000 pounds. Thrift in France, as well as every­ where else, has one great foe--the public house. The annual outlay for intoxicating drink and tobacco amounts to almost a thousand millior francs. . < Slight Error. Customer--You made a mistake in my prescription the other day. It called forten grainsof opium,and I got a small package containing magnesia. Druggist--Are you sure about it? Customer--Yes;! here is a duplicate prescription from the physician. Now tbe question is, who got the opium. Druggist--Dear me, that's so; (to tlfe prescription clerk) "James, who's dead in the neighborhood." THIS man afflicted with frontal baldness hath this to console him-- It will be quite impossible for any Ute "to puil the wool over his eyes/1 "It was not safe to turn and run, ^ as then I could not see to ward off any spears they might throw; but as the chief was making for me the sec­ ond time, one of the others threw a spear, which I avoided by knocking it ^ off with my hand; however, it pierced - it below the first finger ^ : Then the chief made another rush for me, and as he struck I fell back­ ward over the root of a tree. Again I tried to fire the revolver, but it woulc^jnot woi-Jrf' "At that uioment I heard a rush- ' ing noise in the leaves, and & howl £ from the chief. My old dog Rover \A had him by thelegi, tn which he made his teeth meet; but he did not stop long enough to let the man get a blow » at him, and though the natives threw : many spears, they failed to hit him. . "The dog's timely assistance Enabled me to get down to the beach' and call II----, who jumped ashore • tyth the muskets, when the natives t cleared off. 1 sent for Torcootooroo, ^ the chief, who came over with his i •' > canoes, and when he saw I meant business, he came to terms and paid | the fine which I had demanded, f Then I made the chief a present, he J made me one, and we were good ^ friends again, and there was no"; further trouble." The Croaa Man SubskliK^ The scene was the interio?soi i parlor car; the time was near the close of a warm afternoon, and the dram­ atis personaa were a handsome young matron, her two children, one a girl ̂ of 18 months, the other a boy of per-; haps 3 years and 6 months and across man. The man occupied a chair opposite those of the other party, and as the children grew restless and dif-,<•** ficult to keep quiet his annoyance and . choler rose considerably beyond the ^ visible point. Suddenly the little boy, running down the car, tripped and fell against his little sister, who was toddling to meet him. Both fell, the boy getting ; -•? a bump, while the baby only rolled ••' i over to pick herself up with a laugh. t ^ The boy screamed in pain, and the ^ cross man reached out to raise him * ' with a jerk he evidently could not re- y strain. ^ "Aren't you ashamed of yourself," he said so sharply that the child stopped his crying, "to make such a ' r\ ^ noise when your baby sister does not -V t;?? cry at all?" " ,» There was no mistaking the pent-up " ' crossness of his t-one and manner. "' The mother saw it and flushed. "Don't blame him." she said,;.' sweetly, and everybody heard her. |s f "It isn't his fault. Men, you know, ^ big or little, can never put up with^ anything disagreeable without mak-4;] ing a fuss about it," and she took her ^ little man on her knee to soothe him, ^ while the big man swallowed his re- ^ buk^ as best he could, to the amuse- < ment of those within hearing.--Her ' Point of Yiew in New York TlnoiM. • • , . • . A Severe Critic. - -f^y A correspondent signing herself "Blackboard" lately wrote to 41 con­ temporary--' 'May I be allowed to call the attention of mothers and ; governesses to a Ihideous habit de­ veloped of late years among young : ladies, which seems to be on the in­ crease? I refer to the ugly and vui- \ gar practice of sticking out the el-; bows which too often disfigures an, otherwise graceful girl. When I was young, my schoolmistress was never p weary of instilling into her charges the maxim that 'a young lady should ;V | •show no daylight between her arm v ; and her waist. Deportment wasp? taught in those days; now I fear it is .% sacrificed to the mere development of muscle. It is to be hoped that those in authority will make some attempt' to check in the school room any ten­ dency to this most displeasing atti-SKj tude. I fear those young ladies who i are already grown up will continue to go about looking like ducks with both wings dislocated." To this two other V*., ' correspondents replied--"Your corre-c; spondent 'Blackboard' says that «a ft young lady should show no daylight W between her arm and her waist.' No # more she should. "The space thus del- " * icately indicated should as often as possible be filled up. Another arm is an excellent thing for the purpose." • >\ "Your correspondent 'Blackbard' says 9 she fears 'young ladies who are al- ^ N ready grownup will continue to go about looking like ducks.' I am sure they will--a good many of them."" - THE first step in debt is like the firsfi ftp? & tolseh^ -̂--̂ amuel Smites.