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' - • -%• -V r ' . • MEN AT THE HELM ILLINOIS STATE OFFICERS AUGURATED. IN- 3^|» Capital Crowded with Hosts of the I'D terrified--An Imposing Ceremony--ln- t ««*ural Address of Governor 41t|4d 15 JSiciore the General Aueiably. Grwt Day for Democrats. Springfield correspondence: ;In the presence of the Senators and B«iiresectativcs in joint session assem­ bled, in the View and bearing of 3 , 0 0 0 m e n a n d women, in the great hall of Rep­ resentatives in the Capitol, atnid the pomp and circum­ stance of flags and flowers and music, surrounded by the leaders of his po­ litical party, Jo'an I.tSUT. GOV. OILU Altgeld was inaugurated Governor dt-Illinois. At the same time and fol­ lowing in their order of precedence these Democratic State officers were declared the executive departjnent of the State: Joseph B. tenant Governor; William rien, Secretary of State; David Gore, Auditor; Eufus N. JBamsay, Treasur­ er; Henry Kaab, Superintendent 61 Public Instruction; Maurice T. Mo­ loney, Attorney General. • In the eolemi; ceremony In the Capitol there cul­ minated the State Democracy's fears,S®C. or STATE HIN- ambitLons and bat- KtcHssw. . ttles of the last forty years, because, forty years ago, Joel A. Matteson, the last Democratic Goverpor of Illinois, Was inaugurated. Since that time the party of Jefferson and Jackson in 1111- Lieu- H, Hinrich- GOVERNOR JOHN P. ALTGEI.D ;»0i8 has sat in the- valley of desolation of constantly recurring defeat. The proceedings themselves were simple. The hand of thetgreat clock in the hallf of the House of Bepresenta- indicated exactly 12 o'clock when Doorkeeper Brown made his most graceful and pro­ found obeisance and announced, "the honorable the Senate." Speaker Crafts bowed as lie ordered the doorkeeper to "ad­ mit them." The ATTOBWKY OENERAL great crowd in the MOLOXKV. galleries and house floor ceased their, whisperings, and the bustle for a moment abated. Slowly the dignified Senators filed in­ to. the hall. As Lieutenant Governor Bay ^ind Temporary Chairman Coppin- ger stepped into the c h a m b e r S p e a k e r Crafts announced "The honorable the S 6 n a t e," and the m e m b e r s o f t h e House arose to their feet and remained standing till the Sen­ ators had passed in and taken their places in "the front rows of TREASURER RAMSAY. chairs which had been vacated for them. Gov. Altgeld and his associate advanced to the speaker's stand, where they were given seats. Governor Altgeld's appearance was the signal for an outburst of wild ap­ plause. Speaker Crafts made no at­ tempt to stem the torrent of enthusi­ a s m . W h e n t h e »^sm-1 noise had ceased V^yi r°U8 °* the f. v. House and Senate ijplp; were called and the v-iWilk;A joint session de- olared organized. N AUDITOR GORE. Secretary ot' State Pearson announced the names of the officers-elect. Su­ preme Court Jus­ tice Joseph M. Bailey administered the oath of office to the new officials. The neje Governor, after taking the oath of office in an impressive manner, stepped in Speaker Crafts' place and delivered his inaugural, which was listened to .with the greatest interest. After Governor Altgeld had concluded his inaugural address the joint session was dissolved. The Senate retuined to its chamber,where Lieutenant Governor Kay introduced -his successor to tli6 Senators and then handed him the gavel as the symbol of authority. Lieutenant Governor Gill delivered a brief address, and taking his place rapped three times with the gavel and inquired: "What is the pleasure of the Senate?" This was the last act in the work of transferring' the powers of office from the outgoing to the incoming officials. The Senate then adjourned. ALTGIiLD'S INAUGURAL. The Governor's Message Delivered to the • . General Asseml'ly. Following Is the text of tho Inaugural ad­ dress of Governor Altgeld: It has become the custom for each incoming executive to deliver an inaugural address de- fnting his position on public measures, and. to a lithited extent, outlining the policy of the new fifiniinistration. lti or.ler Jo better under­ stand the present, we will glance for a moment at the past. The policy of the State of Illinois was di­ rected almost wholly by one of the great ex­ isting political parties during the greater por­ tion ot the time from 1818. when it was ad­ mitted to the Union, until near the begin­ ning of the civil war. This was the formative period, during which the foundations ot our institutions were in great part laid and those broad and liberal politics relating to • education, internal improvements, the free­ dom of conscience andot speech, the rights of the citizens, the protection of property, and the welfare of the masses were not only adopted, hut became so lirmlv rooted that their subsequent growth, as well as the devel­ opment a id greatness of the Stata was as­ sured. It was durtug this time that our com­ mon school system, the bulwark of free insti­ tutions, was founded and munificently en­ dowed, in order that we might in time have the best schools in the world. During this time the Siate fostered a svstem of in­ ternal improvements, so as "to encourage and hasten the development of our great natu­ ral resources. It not only caused the con­ struction of a canal to connect the great lakes with the Mississippi system, but it encour­ aged the building of railroads so as to bring romote parts of the State close tozether. Not- withstanding its youth. Illinois then excelled almost every other fctate in that regard. At the ssree time the interest* the j^etT^rie weto carefully gnarled. It was during this period that an arrangement was made with the Illinois Central Railroad canipan v in purs nance of which it now pavs an­ nually nearly half a million of dollars into.the State Treasury. "1 hen came a change of party coDtrol. and soon thereafter the civil war. Tne young Ntate. which had led In the development of civil institutions, toot an equally patriotic and aggressive stand in favor of upholding the lTnion, and gave a greater per cent, of Its population to carry on the war than almost any other State: and we now have a home for tht azart heroes who were disabled in war, which is supported by the liberality of the fctate, and it will be our duty to see that this worthy object of a State's bounty is fairly and liberally treated. The richness of our sol! has attracted hn»- banflmen from all quarters ot the ciooe. Our great mineral resources and central location have drawn the manufacturers of almost every kind of goods; great railroads traverse nearly all parts of the State; while, owingto the push and enterprise of our people, our commercial interests are scarcely rivaled in the world. The present condition of our people, both in the State and in the nation, is an illustration of the tact that in this conntry the people are greater than the government, and that they can attain a reasonable degree of prosperity and happiness in spite of unjust and injurious governmental policies. The recant action of our people at the polls is a warning that their patience has a limit, and that they can not be long fed on empty and delusive promises. They demand of their servants that honesty and good faith which every employer has a right to expect at the hands'of thoae'who serve him. Now, after an interval qf more than thirty years, that political party which guided the councils of the State In Its earlier history agatti assumes control of its destinies, and we are confronted by a number of important problems, whic;h. lor their proper solution, re­ quire painstaking investigation and deliberate judgment. These must all be treated by gene­ ral laws, inasmuch as special legislation is not only prohibited by our constitution but is an­ tagonistic to D< mocratic principles, Education. Our great educational system is ' so well grounded that, with the exception of Waste­ ful extravagance in some localities, it is work­ ing reasonably welt. Its further improvement will depend more upon the emulation of those who are laboring in that field and their efforts to reach the highest degree of excellence than it will upon legislation. But we have a statute, passed four years ago known as the compulsory education act, which is no part of our common school system, and which violates the funda­ mental principles of free government. It will be our duty, not only to re»>esl this act at as early a day as practicable, but to provide in its place another law that shall be tree from the objections that apply to this, and which shall make ample provisions for the care of neg­ lected children. Public Funds. The question as to who shall have the Inter­ est on public funds calls for the attention of the Legislature. While it may be true that the law does not contemplate that the funds shall be deposited at interest in banks, it is a notorious tact that all custodians of public funds actually draw interest on the balances of such funds. When the sums held \yere smaller, the matter attracted but little stttn- tion, but conditions have changed. The salary paid the custodians, whether of State, county, city, park, school, or other public funds, having been fixed when the amounts held were small, is now, in most cases, entirely dis­ proportionate to the bond which has to be given and the responsibilities assumed. In my judgment the proper course will be to pro­ vide, by general law, that all such custodians that may hereafter be elected or appointed and qualified shall be paid a salary to be de­ termined by a per cent, of the amount of monev they handle, and that all interest or incre­ ment earned by the fund in their possession shall belong to the fund and be accounted for. Liberty or the I'it zen. Practically, there is at present neither magna chart a nor bill of rights for the poor of our great cities. They have to submit to insult, assault, and false imprisonment, and have no remedy, except a suit at law, which takes from three to live years and requires time and money to prosecute; so they are .practically without any remedy. Any man, rich or poor, taken into our higher courts, no matter on what charge, can have a jury trial and a lull and fair hearing before sen­ tence can be pronounced against him, but in the magistrate's court they deorive him of a jury trial by requiring him to advance the jury fee, which, when poor, he can not do. so that he is compelled to submit to anvthing the magistrate may do, which frequently means anything that a police officer may wish to have (Jone. In the city of Chicago, where there are a number of magistrates sitting at the same time, there are irom thirty to fifty men and women tried by one magistrate in from one to two hours each day. The proceedings are not under the criminal law as a rule, but fines are imposed, and when these are not prompt­ ly paid imprisonment follows, just as it would In a case of conviction for crime in the higher court. While a judge of a higher court could not imprison a man for an hour without a jury trial, a city magistrate ac­ tually does imprison scores every day without a jury trial. The practice has long prevailed in Chicago and other cities of raids being made by the police at night-time, and as many as a hundred or more men and women, sometimes only women, arrested and carried to prison in one night, on no specific charge of crime, but simply at the caprice of a policeman. These cases have to be continued till the next morning. A bond is generally given, signed by a professional bailor. The justice charges $1 for taking each bond and the bailor all he can get for signing it, so that it is an ex­ ceedingly profitable business for those con­ nected with the so-called police court. While the law at present provides that nearly all other officers shall pay what fees they col­ lect into the public treasury, and shall re­ ceive a salary for the services they render, this does not seem to npply to the magis­ trates. The law should be made more strict, and prohibit every officer, whether JU- ducial or executive, who is in anv way connected with the administration of justice, from keeping anv fees under any pretext, for, so long as he profits by the amount of business that is run in, there Is a standing bribe to do injustice. On the other hand, there are many cases in which the police are rendered powerless to suppress crime by reason of political intrigue and interferences? I will also, in this connection, direct your at­ tention to the fact that our system of admin­ istering justice in- this State does not com­ mand the entire confidence of the public. This is due to the fact that with our present ma­ chinery, litigation is so prolonged and ren­ dered so uncertain, without regard to the merits of the case, that many prudent men feel they had better relinquish a claim and submit to an injustice than to venture into the courts. Public Service. It will be our duty to endeavor to reduce the expense of the civil service of the State. There has been a tendency to create unnecessary boards, and, while some ot these do not draw a salary, they are paid their expenses and a per diem, and they manage to draw large sums out of the State Treasury. Many of these should be abolished, and their duties, so far as they per­ form any necessary service, be assigned to" some of the regular county or State officers, who could attend to them without increased ex­ pense to the public. Again, the public service is frequently crowded by placing many more persons on the pay-roll than are necessary to do the work. This not only increases the ex­ penditure, but destroys the efficiency of the service. While there are many men r.nxious to hold office for the honor of serving the people, and without reference to salary there is no doubt that the demand is largely due to the fact that the applicants can get larger salaries while holding office than thev can earn at the private employment for which they are qualified. The people of Illinois are willing to pay fair salaries for the services rendered, yet the question is worth consider­ ing. whether, if we were;to reduce salaries we would not get rid of the persistent demand for official positions, and at the same time in­ crease the efficiency of the service. As the matter now stands, many capable but modest men who would gladly serve for a moderate salary are deterred from applying, it is a mistake to suppose that high salaries secure a higher grade of service to the public; if anything, they have the opposite effect. While we must pay such salaries as will enable poor men to hold office, yet we must not lose sight of the fact that we get the highest grade of service from those men who esteem it an honor to serve the public, and with whom salaries are a secondary considera­ tion. nearly all the great institutions of the State have for years been conducted on a partisan basis, and some of them rat her offensively so This has created a feeling of bitterness, and there Is a widespread demand that there shall be a change in the management. There is alsb a belief that many of these institutions are extravagant and that their expenses are un­ necessarily increased to accommodate political favorites. Such chances as may be necessary should be made, care being taken to brinir the .service to the hiehest degree of excellence possible. I wish, however, in this connection, to submit that the time has come ia the devel­ opment of our great State when its public ser­ vice should be as far as possible divorced from partisan politics and when we should establish by law a classified civil service based upon honesty and capability, such as already pre­ vails in some of the Eastern States. Claims of Labor. The State of Illinois already contains one of the greatest industrial communities in the world, and is rapidly growing. Not only are hundreds of millions of capital in­ vested. but employment is given to hun­ dreds of thousands of persons. The State must do justice to both employer and em­ ploye, it must see to it that la'v and order are maintained, and that life and property are thoroughly protected. Any weakness in this regard would be pusillanimous and in­ vite incalculable evils. On the other hand,the State must not pursue such a policy as to con­ vince the masses ot' the laboring people that the authority of the State is simply a conven­ ient club for the use'of the employer. When the State follows such a policy it forfeits the confidence of its people and itself, and sows the seed of anarchy. If we are to prosper, we must make all of our people feel that the flag which floats over them is an emblem of justice. Our laboring people must either advance or retrograde. There is no «ach thing as standing still. If they are to a Ivance. it must be ,by their own conservative and Intelligent standing togeth­ er--emly those force*, arirvire which eaa tak» care of themselves; tlit moment- individual* or classes become depend*** thev are object* <*t charity, and their case Is then hopeless. If the laboring classes < ai not thus stand together, they will be reduced to the condition of the laboring classes in the poorer countries of the old world. Strikes and Lookout*. TbAQueftion of the protection of noa-eom- batants the great public--in the even* of a Btnke or lockout must not be overlooked In connection, conditions have so changed that it can no longer be said that it is noboav's business what other people do. All the ele­ ments of American society have become so interdependent, each class or interest has so adjusted itself to the other class or interest, as to be ia a measure depen­ dent on t!ii-ni. and a suspension of the opiration of one must injure "the whole. For example, a strike on a railroad is not limited to a contention between employer and em­ ploye, but it affects all people alone the line of the road who have adjusted their affairs to the operation of the road, and who are entitled to protection at the hands of the State. Not only this, but when a large number hf men are suddenly thrown put of employment, con­ ditions are created which beget pauperism and crime and increase the burdens of the public. The rclgn of law has so broadened in this country as to cover almost every other con­ troversy betweemman and man, and in the de­ velopment of society some way must be found to subject the co-called "labor controversies" to law. This suggests the practicability of arbitration and raises the question of the powers of the State in that regard. There seems to be no doubt about the right of the State to make a thorough investigation and render a decision, but the difficulty arises In enforcing the decision. The State cannot com­ pel an unwilling employe to run his shop, nor can it compel unwilling employes to go to work. The State might compel an employer who disregarded its decision ana persisted in or crating his works to pay the expenses of any special protection he received. On the other hand, if employes should refuse to go to work in accordance "Witii tlic ICITUB O; St urCieiOU, i /l" give its entire power in protecting the em­ ployer in hiring new men, The constant In­ crease in the use of lnbor-saving machinery tends to thro w more and mora men out -of em­ ployment every year. This suggests the ne­ cessity of shortening the hours of labor wher­ ever this can be done by legislation, in order that all may still be able to get employment, and also that the working classes may derive some benefit from the great inventions of the age. Care of the Insane. While we already have erected four very large hospital* for the insane, stiil only about two thlrdB ot the insane of the Stnta are prop­ erly cared for Nearly one-mird are in the poor houses of the State, where thev can not be cared for, and exist in a horrible condition. The increasing density of population in our large cities, and the establishment of what has been called "the sweating system," whereby THE ILLINOIS STATE HOU?B. many people are made to work amid sanitary conditions which constantly Imperil the health of the community, apd the emplovment of children in factories and shops, where they be­ come stunted in both body and mind and unfit for citizenship, call for more thorough legisla­ tion. Steps should also be taken to facilitate the work ot furnishing proper homes in pri­ vate families tor dependent and neglected chil­ dren. A number of large cities, both in this coun­ try and in Europe, have made the experiment of supplying their inhabitant-, with water, gas, electric light, and even operating the street railways with very satisfactory results. I commend this subject to yon; careful consider­ ation. Roads. While onr State ha* developed in every other respect, we have made no progress in the mat­ ter of roads. We are, in this regard, almost where we were half a century ago, so that for a number of months in a year our roads are almost Impassable. The loss and inconven­ ience of this falls most heavilv on our agricul­ tural communities. Not only is the farmer subjected to a heavy loss in th>3 wear and tear of his team, but he is fre­ quently prevented from availing himself of favorable markets by the impassibility of the roads. The State should again take up the subject of internal improvements, and adopt a policy that will tend to the building of good roads in everv county in the State--roads that can be traveled every day in the year. It Is also probable that some or the convicts in our penitentiaries could be used to preparo material for the building of roads. renitentta ries. An amendment to tho constitution wco­ adopted by the people in IHK»;, which prohibits the^ hiring of convict labor. This provision has been evaded and disregarded, and the af­ fairs of the penitentiary have been so managed in granting space to the contractors as to make it difficult for State' to work prisoners on its own account. After tha amendment was proposed, and in an­ ticipation of its adoption, some contracts running for eight years were made. Although many other contracts had run out, these con- tracts have been presented as an excuse for the failure to enforce tlie command of the con­ stitution, but it has not been accepted as a valid one by the people. Immediate action should be taken for the adoption of a plan for working colivict labor consistent with the fundamental law. I suggest that manv indus­ tries be established, so ts to interfere as little as possible with the markets and outside labor and industries. I wish to call attention to the fact that, in the matter of penal legislation, our St#te Is not abreast of the times. We still adhere to the old system of fixed sentences, under which the greatest inequality results; the vicious and hardened are frequently given short terms by a jury, while the comparatively innocent are given long terms by another jury. Some of» the States have adopted a system of indeterminate sentences, under which a pris­ oner is sentenced generally to the penitenti­ ary. the law fixing the minimum and maximum time of imprisonment, and the actual length of confinement between these two points de« pends upon the general characteristics and personal conduct of the prisoner. Under such a system, the number of convicts in our peni­ tentiaries would be greatly reduccd, and all problems involved in • the treatment of crimi­ nals and the conduct of our penitentiaries more easily solved. Kedistrlctlng. The redisricting of the State will be one of the most important duties devolving upon this General Assembly. It will be difficult to so redistrict the State as to do exact justice to all interests and parties. Nevertheless, every effort should be made to come as near doing so as possible. As a rule, injustice benefits no­ body, and almost invariably comes home to plague its authors. Taxation. Some of the States have tried the experiment of a heavy graduated succession lax on the es­ tates of deceased persons. This has been fol­ lowed with very satisfactory results. 1 com­ mend this fact to your consideration, likewise the advisability of providing for a heavy cor­ poration fee to be paid at the organization of a corporation, as well as by all outside cor­ porations coming here to do business. Then, there is a wide-spread conviction that the present revenue system of our State results in the greatest inequalities and injus­ tice in the matter of taxation. The subject is too great to be considered at present. 1 would like to suggest for the consideration of the General Assembly, the propriety of making the sittings or the Legislature a lit­ tle more continuous. A practice has grown up of workintr only a few days in the week. This not only tends to prolor.g the ses­ sion but necessitates constant interruption in the matter of considering any measure, and where this is the case, there can not be that thorough examination of a subject that would otherwise be possible, and which is of the greatest importance as the preliminary of in­ telligent legislation. BEN BUTLER IS DEAD. THE OLD WARRIOR UNEXPECT­ EDLY SUMMONED. His Demise Occurs at Washington--Sketch of kit Stormy Career Before the In the Field, and si a Politician. Plctirrewque American Character Gone. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, of Massachusetts, died at his Washington residence, New Jersey avenue, opposite ihe Capitol, at i:ao o'clock W ednesday morning, presumably of heart dis- Hp '•:*«] listn but a few minutes before and was suffering from an attack of nausea. His servant started to assist him, when the General murmured, "It is too late; all is over." And within five minutes all was over, the old hero expiring just as a hastilv summoned physician arrived. Not lat?r than Tuesday the General was discussing Mr. Blaine's illness, and said, "Blaine may outlive me yet." Did he feel a premonition of his impending death? [Benjamin F. Butler was born at I>eerfleld. N. H.. Nov. r», m*. His father, John Butler, served in the war of 1S12. Mrs. Butler and her young son Benjamin settled in Lowell, Mass. about 18JM. The lad attended the Lowell High School and the Exeter Academv, and was graduated at Waterville College, Maine, in 1*38. After pursuing a course of legal studies he was admitted to the bar in inn, and began practice at Lowell. He became a prominent civil as well as the most successful criminal lawyer in Massachusetts. In 1^54 he married Miss Sarah, the daughter of l)r. Hildreth. In 1853 he was elected a Free-Soil Democratio member of the Massachusetts State Legisla­ ture and became the leader of his party. He next became the coalitionist delegate to the constitutional convention and was again prom­ inent. During the Know-Nothing excitement of 1*55 he opposed the new party and when Gardner disbanded the Irish companies he re­ sisted, thereby losing his colonel's commission in t.ho nynit.isu In lsey he was nominated for Governor of Massachusetts on the,,Liberal ticket, but was beaten by Briggs. In 1W» the split took place in the Democratic party, when Gen. Butler op­ posed the pro-slavery clique, in botn the Charleston and Baltimore Presidential conven­ tions, yet voted fifty-seven times for the nomination of Jeff Davis. When President Lincoln issued his first for troops to suppress the Southern rebellion, Butler was a brigadier general of the Massa­ chusetts militia. On the Htli of April h6 marched with the Eighth Massachusetts Regi­ ment to Annapolis, and was placed in com­ mand of the district of Annapolis, which in­ cluded the city of Baltimore. He entered that city on the 13th of May, 1861, at the head ot l»00 men and occupied the city, placing it under martial law. He was made a major general during the same month and assigned to the command of Fortress Monroe. Here he Is­ sued his famous proclamation declaring slaves contraband of war, and for many years after­ ward the negroes were universally referred to as "contrabands," "the intelligent contraband" occupying a large space in the war literature of the period. In August he commanded the force that captured Forts Hatter as and Clarke, In North Carolina. His attempt to dig the Dutch Gap Canal coat many thousands of lives. About this time he became involved In a con­ troversy with Admiral I'orter, and for the good of the scrvice the two officers were separated, General Butler being assigned to command at New Orleans. It was during this controversy that the General referred to the Admiral as "Bottled I'orter," a soubriquet that clung to the naval commander for many years. Before his assignment to New Orleans General Butler had recruited an expedition for service on the lower Mississippi. In March, 1862, the expedi­ tion reached Ship Island and marched np the river to New Orleans and cc-operated in the atr tack made upon the city by Admiral Far- ragut. On taking possession of thf city General Butler assumed despotic powers, forbade the promenading of women on the streets after nightfall, and inaugurated sanitarv reforms that ultimately proved of inestimable value in guarding against epidemics ot yellow fever, lie armed the negroes of the city and levied forced contributions for the support of the poor and for the improvement of the city. He ordered the execution of William Mumford for tearing the American flag from the mint. He was cordially hated by the Southern people, and in December, 1862. Jefferson Davis issued a proclamation declaring him an outlaw. He also seized Swo.wo in treasure that had been deposited at the Dutch consulate, insisting that it was intended for the purchase of arms for the Confederates. Dec. lti, 1802, General Butler was recalled from New Orleans. At the time he declared that this was prompted by Louis Napoleon, who contemplated an invasion of Mexico, to which Butler was hostile. In 18G3 he com­ manded the Army ot the James, including the departments of Virginia and North Carolina. He was subsequently sent to New York, whete trouble was feared at the elections, but his stay there was short, owing to the protests of leading citizens and officials. Re­ turning to North Carolina he made a futile at­ tack upon Fort Fisher, near Wilmington. This ended his military career. He was removed by Gen. Grant and returned to his home in Massa­ chusetts. He was elected to congress, by the Republi­ cans in 18fi(> and served until 187U, with the in­ terval of two years. He was one of the mana­ gers on the part of the H ouse in the impeachment trial of President John­ son and displayed so much malignltv in his conduct of the prosecution that it assisted in bringing about a great popular reaction in the President's favor. He was the Republican candidate for Governor of Massa­ chusetts in 1871. In 187« and in 1879 he was again the candidate of a small wing of the Democratic party and of the Independent Greenbackers, but was again beaten. He was elected by the Democrats, however, in 1882. The following year he was again a candidate, but failed of election. lie was the Greenback and Anti-Monopoly candate for President in 1884, but received only 133,825 votes. He devoted the later years of his life to the practice of law in the United States Supreme Court and to writing a review of the public events in which he had borne a part. He possessed a large fortune, derived principally from the profits of a bunting fac­ tory, the only one of the kind in the United States. His wife died several years «go. His only daughter became the wife of Gov. Ames, the Military Governor of Mississippi.] Lip-Heading for Deaf People. A schoolmaster gives some usefu- liints as to the cultivation of lip-readl ihg by persons who suffer from imper­ fect hearing. He pays if (he deaf would only study this practice* tliey would: find it would help them hear better than anything else, for the habit oi watch­ ing people when they talk takes off much of the strain on the hearing, as sight supplies that which hearing lacks, namely, the power to distinguish those slight breath sounds which are em­ ployed for making consonuiits when speaking. It is his conviction that if deaf people would expend some care in the acquirement of this simple but use­ ful remedy, they would think their hear­ ing was improving, even if it were get­ ting worse, for the longer they studied it the more perfect they would become. THEBE is compensation for "that head" in the thought that swelling the internal revenue is a patriotic act*-*- Indianapolis Journal. •Notes of Cunrent Events. s ESTKLLE SEWELII, colored servant in the family of Episcopal Bishop Satwill, at Kansas City, Mo., joined the Cath­ olic Church. THE Cramps will build the cruisers Iowa and Brooklyn, as the contracts for both of the war vessels will be awarded to that firm. AN icicle weigh'ng a ton fell at Niag ara, fatally injuring two photographers, F. B. Werner and H. N. Howland, of Philadelphia. J. F. COOK, usher in the Central Con gregational ( hurch at Brooklyn, fainted during the morning service and died in a few minutes. ISAAC H. SLAVEN and wife, living near New Castle, Pa., were beaten to insensibility by burglars and robbed of a large sum of money. BARONESS BLANC, who recently se­ cured a divorce from the Baron, will wed Frederick Yuengling, son of the New York brewer. THE model o.' the caravel Santa Maria, the flag-ship of Christopher Co­ lumbus, for the World's Fair, has ar­ rived in New York. IN a dispute over a horse John Na- bors, a Deputy United States Marshal, •was shot dead by Sam Barber, a cow­ boy, at Bobane, Mont. A DEAL is being engineered to con­ solidate the wire, wire nail, and wire rod interests in the United States. The capital will be $25,000;00u. ALFBED LOZON, a mail-carrier, per­ ished on the ice between Mackinac City and- Mackinac Island. Three others were nearly dead when they reached shore. THE management of the Vandalla road has determined to follow the exam­ ple of the Pennsylvania and discharge all freight handlers who refuse to leave their unions. i l l S a l Textile Frabrics. DRESSES ef spun glass were shown in Paris in 1868. CHINA grass was used for making very fine goods in 1827. Iv f819 two-ply ingcain carpets were made in Lowell, Mass. A COMBING machine was patented by Joshua Heilman in 1845. IN 1870 the value of the world's silk produce was £44,7tS8,000. IN 1875 silk-raising was firmly estab­ lished in South Carolina. THE self-acting mule was jmtented by Boberts, English, in 1825. THE electric loom was invented by Bonelli, of Turin, in 1854. ANILINE violet was discovered, and • applied to calicoes in 1863. | In 1831 the duty of 3id on the square ' yard of calico was removed. j ANILINE blue dye was discovread am) used in cotton making in 1861, LEGISLATIVE DOINGS. WORK OF THE STATE SOI.ON? AT THE CAPITAL. 4t«eord of One W«ek'i "mlnnra Minnrni Piwitutcdi Considered sud <» What Our Public Servants Are Eoliig.- In and Around Legislative Halls. The taw-MBkcni. A% the session of the 'eoate Monday Senator Bartling introduced the following brief bill, which, if passed, will effect the repeal of tho compulsory education laws A bill for an act to repeal an act entitled "An act ooncernlng the education of children." ap­ proved May >4, 1886: SECTION l. Ke it enacted by the people ot the State of Illinois, That an act entitled "An tot concerning the education of children." ap­ proved May 24, 1888, be and the same Is hereby repealed. Not more than a score of members at­ tended the session of the House, and the only business was the discussion ot inaug­ uration ceremonies In the Senate Wednesday morning Sena­ tor Hunter offered a resolution requesting the Senators from Illinois iu Congress to vote for the anti-option bill now before the I nited States Senate. It went over under the rules. Senator Ford introduced a bill providing against the desertion or aban­ donment by husbands and fathers of their wives and children. Senator Johnson in­ troduced four bills. One provides that an appeal may be taken from an order refus­ ing a new trial; another concerns actions in ejectment and proving of ti5k;; the third, that an appeal may be taken from the Appellate Court to the Supreme Court; the last, that any instrument entitled to he recc>rd6« la aay jyubsic office in this State nisy be proven by a sworn copy and intro­ duced in court as evidence. Senators Farmers and Hi?ble introduced the various bills prepared by John Mayo Palmer, of Chicago, to prevent fraudulent failures. 'Ihe session of the House was brief; no business was dona Thursday morning Senator Johnson had his resolution, asking Conitross to consent to the opening of tho Wo Id's Fair Sundays, postponed to Wednesday, 'then Senator Hunter's resolution, requesting Illinois Senators to vote for the :inti-option bill now before the United States Senate, was made a special order for Wednesday imme­ diately after the consideration of the World's Fair resolution. Many bills were introduced in both Senate and House, and a joint resolution by Senator Noonan, for tho appointment of a Committee to investi­ gate the "sweating" evil in Chicago, was reported and adoptad. Mr Miller presented the following, which was referred to Ihe Committee on Rules: Ilesolved, That, the Senate concurring, the House Committee on Education meet with Senate Committee on Education and Educa­ tional Institutions in joint Besslon and formu­ late a bill to repeal "An act concerning the education of children." approved Mav 24. 1N8!», in force July 1, JTW'J, and if deemed advisable draft a substitute for the same and submit it to both branches of the (leneral Assembly. WINDSOR CASTLE. HEADACHE AND EYE, 8TRA!N, osr the Most Attractive Abodes oi British lloyalty. "Windsor Castle is one (lie most picturesque places in England. It was originally built by William the Con­ queror, who here established a hunting seat. To Edward III. it owes much of its magnificence and strength; and since his time it has been a favorite abode ol English sovereigns. And what a his­ tory its thirty generations of existence enn tell! Here the sagacious and statesmanlike Henry Tudor, who recon­ ciled the rival houses of l'ork and Lan­ caster, held high council with his court; here his son and successor dallied with his maids of honor, and after his scan­ dalous divorcement from Katberine ol Aragon, placed the crown on Anne Bo- ley; herethe"good Queen Bess" listened to the plays ot Shakspeare and re­ ceived the encomiums of poets and courtiers; here the pedantic James and the pious Charles asserted the divine right, and here the Protector sat in de liberation withlhe stern representatives of the commonwealth. Here, too, after the restoration, roinpod the "merry manarch" with beauty and wit; and from this palace was driven forth the next King to give place to the great Stattholdor. The third George here resigned; and the palace at last proved a prison to the in­ sane old ruler. His granddaughter, Victoria, makes Windsor her home; and tho Queen's court is a moi'el of good order, while her family exhibits the re­ sults of wholesome training and worthy example. The palace contains many relics i»f by-gone years. The armor and equip­ age of chivalry, the fashion of former ages, the dieentombed ruins of antiqui­ ty, and tfie graves of Kings and Queens in the royal chapel are here; and the portraits of heroes, statesmen, writers and civilians adorn the clumbers or decorate the galleries. The paintings of some of the old masters hang in the large saloons; and one roL'm, called "the beauty room," formerly contained pictures t)f Charles II.'s court. They have, to hef honor, be it said, been ban­ ished by Victoria. To some portions of the palace the public is admitted; and obliging attendants point out the princi pal objects of interest. Tht iatttrUflm tiie Canxc of fWmW --What to Avoid, a Eye strain should lie the first ttiought suggested by any complaint of headache, fof in our day and civil­ ization it i^by far the most common cause of that symptom, says a recent writer in the Scientific American. It enters as a factor into the causation of nearly all headaches not due to pyrexia, toxaemia or diseases of the brain or its membranes. The sinipie existence, therefore, should suggest eye strain, but frequently a careful inquiry as to the manner and time of occurrence of the attack and the loca­ tion of the severest pain will be al­ most conclusive as to the origin of the trouble. Often it comes on whenever the eyes are used, and is absent when the eyes have had a proper season of rest The occasions of most severe re­ quirement in the direction of eye work are the doing of anything requiring accurate near vision, taxing both the accommodation and the convergence, or traveling, shopping, attendance at public gatherings, which' entail more use of the eve than the patient is at the time conscious of, and often under unfavorable conditions. in hyperopia in young people, the accommodation is in excessive use so long as the eyes are open and the at­ tention fixed on any visible object, and hyperopia is the most common cause of constant headaches. The Writer was formerly subject to a con­ stant headache whenever confined to the house, and regarded it as caused by breathing vitiated air, until it was quite cured by the correction of his hvperopic astigmatism. Many persons have the same idea as to the causation of the headaches they always experience when attend­ ing the theater or other places of public amusement, and which really due to eye strain. Others cribe these headaches, and those perienced in traveling and shopping, to exhaustion. -This is nearer the truth, only they commonly have in mind a condition of general exhaus­ tion, wheieas it is largely one of local exhaustion of the special nervous ap­ paratus concerned in the act of* see­ ing. Congestion, irritability or lnfiam- »mation of the eves and their append­ ages, should always suggest the sus­ picion of eye strain. A single attack or manifestation of this kind has no special significance, but repeated at­ tacks of inflammation, or prolonged congestion, or irritability are exceed­ ingly suggestive of a continuing cause, and the most common of these is the one now under discussion. No case of chronic inflammation of the mar­ gins of the lids, or of recurring con­ junctivitis, or repeated sties has jus­ tice done to it until it has been care­ fully investigated for eye strain. Persons at the period when they begin to feel the effects of the loss of accommodation in presbyopia, or ab­ solute hyperopia suffer from repeated attacks of conjunctivitis, which they commonly ascribe to "taking cold in the eyes," butwhvety are cut short by use of the appropriate lenses, and which, if unchecked, would tend to es­ tablish a chronic catarrhal condition, which is a chief discomfort , in the lives of many people. A strange thing with reference to eye strain is that it often exists tb an exceptional degree without showing any symptoms in the eye. The pa­ tient will often say that the eves are perfectly good and have never caused any irritation. The reflexes seem to have settled in &ome other place. This is an interesting pathological and physiological question. are as- ex- AROUND A GREATSTATE* ; I BRIEF COMPILATION OP ILU~ ' F,/"; • NOIS NEWS. * ". " • VT$ i» 5 " Twenty Things Worth Knowing. Keep the cover on tho canister. Bub lamp-chimneys with dry salt. Throw chloride of lime in rat holes. Wash oilcloth with 6kin»med milk. Beat carpets on the wrong side first Cover apple barrels with newspaDers. Keep everything clean around the well. hartshorn to the stings of in- boiling water through fruit on your Appi.v sects. Pour stains. Drink cream for a burned mouth and throat. Put your coffee-grounds house plants. Good eggs always have dull-looking shells. Boiled vinegar and myrrh are good deodorizers. Use oatmeal instead of soap for toilet purposes. Camphor is the best anti-moth prep­ aration known. Uso whisky instead of water to make liquid glue. .Sponge roughened skin with brandy and rosewater. • Use hartshorn to bring back colors faded by acids. Wagon grease will take off warts and protruding moles. Tf sneezing be induced it will stop a disagreeable hiccough.--Home Queen. It Boats the Suez Canal. The Suez canal has a world-wide re­ nown, and serves the commerce of Eu­ rope and Asia. It has a vast traffic, since it shortens eo greatly the distance between the continents named, yet a small canal in the northwestern sectioit of the United States, which is but little known outside of this country, is the avenue JE a much greater traffic. The Saulte Ste. Marie canal, connecting the State of Michigan with the Canadian province of Ontario, has this year done an immense business. By the closeo" navigation the amount of freight car­ ried through it will be over ll,UOO,OnO tons, whioa is fully 2,000,000 more than the Seuz canal floats in twelve months. In October freight went through at the equivalent of 300 I arrels of flour everj- minute. *It is the channel through which the vast commerce of our North­ west passes, and of which the world generally has but little conception. CbrouoluKy ol i'liiub. THE mandive is % South American; noted in 1-193. TOBACCO is American." Described by Spaniards, 1495. MADDER is Italian; brought to- FM- g!anI 4.. D. 1320. - BUCKWHEAT is ol Siberian evlgiu. First mentioned ia 1436, » Mistaken Pleasantry. . "In selling goods," said a success­ ful canvasser, "you must not be con­ tent with selling to the people whe want them; you must persuade the rest to want thtfhi also." Many a crafty salesman feels that the secret of success lies,in describing his goods so that they shall seem "all things to all men," and woe be to the innocent and jocose buyer who brings down upon himself the flood of such a man's pertinacity. Says a traveler ic Malta-- "Going to the quay, we made out passage by energetic pushing through the lines of vendors of cigars, to­ bacco, lace, oranges, and sponges. One man, with canaries in cages, stopped us at the water's edge with-- '•'Want a canary, sir?' " •Are they for eating?' I asked him, to get rid of his importunity, and in a spirit of Mark Twain jo­ cosity. " VNo, no! They are for singing.' " 'Ah, if that's what they're for we don't want them.' "A brilliant thought struck the man, and he bolted after us shout­ ing-- " 'Yes, yes! They are for eating. Very good pie! Buy the lot?' "Leaving his cages in charge of an assistant, he made off to tell the ca­ nary vendors that here was a man who ate canaries, and might buy all there^was in Malta, and a fine time we had with cages until we steamed away." Weather t unes for Farmer**. Where a bright, well-kept weather vane surmounts the barn or other convenient outbuilding It gives an air of neatness, thrift and prosperity that really makes the farm more valuable. The weather vane never is put upon an old, dilapidated and unpainted barn. That is another point in its favor, for the painting and repairing of buildings are jobs that most farmers are e<|ualto if they would only try. and in doing thisthey would heip develop powers that will be useful to them on other lines. The weather vane has its practical as well as sentimental side. Nearly half the tallc at most breakfast-tables is about the weather, and a vane seen from the w indow enables the family to talk intelligently on this subject. Ihe direction of the wind may be learnc 1 otherwise, it.is true: bub we sincerely pity the man whose common means of learning how the wind is blowing is to sift coal ashes near tbe back corners of the house. The wind in such places is too variable to be depended upon, and at each change is apt to suggest, unedifyir.g thoughts,/ If not unreportabie expressions. LITTLE GIKL--1 wonder what's th' reason a 1 our schoo -teachers go an' get murried? Little Boy--I guess it's 'ciiUbe they likes to boss.. Pity '.tte " Poor Chleagfe Clair County Scheme for Fardona by Gov. Fifer--^Victim* of WW , MorphlTe • * --V - •: " ' From Far and STcar. . • 4*.' " tdirrr If. HrimARD, cotofreif, wit* , killed by the expTos'on of a blast ia th* ' Woodskl* mine at Springfield. THE Jackson Club or Olney, gave J its first annual banquet Saturday night, 100 guests, many of them women, being present. , . v(^| CHIEF OF POLJOE TISDEIX of Bock- H§! ford has resigned owing to a difference with Mayor Starr, and C. M. Avery was given the vacancy. A BILL will bo presented to the Hoase providing, for the appointment of a com- t mission to devise means for improving; ^ j public highways. " J HENRY WALLACE, of Chicago, died at ; the residence of his son George, in Lincoln. Deceased was 60 years of age, • -i;JJ and was a G. A. B. man. i | WILLIAM MYERS began suit in the -'s&| United States Court in Springfield. against the Santa Fe Railroad for $18,- 000 for personal injuries. --S§1 THE Tandalia paper mill has bee* purchased by the Columbian Straw Wrapping Paper Company, ail Eastern syndicate. The consideration ia not yet known. THE people of Do'nnelleon have jnat closed a contract with President Oar- land, of the Producers' Coal Company* of Springfield, to sink a coal shaft. Work IS to begin at once. AT Cairo Dora Hines committed sui­ cide by taking morphine. Her teat name was Hattie Black, and she was the daughter of a farmer living near Cape Girardeau, Mo. Bemor#^prompted her to end her life. THE Council of Administration ot the Grand Army of the Republic, Depart- ' ment of Illinois, fixed upon March 18 as the time for holding the annual encamp­ ment of the department. It will be held in Springfield. AT Elgin just before the curtain fer Hamlin's Wizard Oil Company's per­ formance went up the other night Frank Larux, one of the members, was taken violently insane and had to be placed under restraint. He was takeu to his home at East St. Louis. ^ GOVERXOR FIFER pardoned I^ANK Wray, of Eoek Island, Convicted of rape in 1U85 and sentenced to twenty years, and William Patterson, of Xhicago, convicted of receiving stolen property: .5 in April, 189*2, and sentenced to the House of Correction for one year. PROMINENT St. Clair County men * want to extend their county's practice of having prisoners smash stones for roadmaking. A plan recently suggested . here is that the rock be prepared foe the country roads inside the. walls ot I the State prison. The product would. It is urged, be hauled hy the different rail­ road companies at small cost, and conid be fairly divided between the different counties. The counties in turn could' (•vide up their allowance between its townships in accordance with the mile- • age, taxation and population.. CHICAGO druggists are in an uproar. over the conduct of a Clark street ph*r- ) macy which has been cutting prices. The other retailers have hold numy : meetings to discuss pi As for squelching the cutter, and one of the results is that no wholesale house in the city will sup­ ply goods to the offender. With a view to learn just whether or not the Chicago druggists would be seriously injured if a general.reduction of prices were ef­ fected, an inquisitive citizen, according to thfe Times, secured two prescription^ from a leading physician, which to­ gether contained ingredients costing at wholesale a trifle over fifteen cents. • For the purpose of comparison he had . them compounded at five different drag- stores. Tho charges were $1.30 ateachw of two, $1.20, $1.10 and $1, respectively^® at each of the others. The total timff" consumed by clerks was seventy min­ utes, and the total charges $5.90. DEACON J. E. BASSET and George Vanhausen, two pioneers of Woodstock, are dead. " AT Boekford Charles Ohureh of Am- boy, and Miss Hattie L. Arnold, ot llockford. were married. SOME robber who must have known the combination unlocked the postoOtce safe at Lincoln, and secured $80i> iu currency and $400 in stamps. Money orders and registered packages were disdained. J. M. Morris, a former far­ mer, is Postmaster, and the loss"* se­ riously embarrasses him. ^ . PRESIDENT A. A, KENDRICK an­ nounces that Shurtleff College has adopted a university extension course and secured as lecturer Prof. W. ff. Mace, of Syracuse. A certificate of graduation will be awarded at 'the end of the course by the University of Chi­ cago to all pupils passing a proper ex­ amination. THIEVES descended upon Springfield during the inaugural ceremonies and made a great h?ul of diamonds. No less than three statesmen were robbed of gems valued at $300 each and upward, and numerous Chicagoans in private life lost shirt-studs worth small fort­ unes. The gathering at Springfield offered the thieves richer opportunities than did the famous Auditorium Ball In Chicago "iven in honor of the dedi- cation of the World's Fair. • Font notable deaths occurred in Mor­ gan County Monday. Two were ef aged farmers, Aquilla King and Joseph Trotter, both old residents. Mrs. Bailey died at the advanced age of 98 and left no relative to mourn her loss.* The fourth was that of Thomas Spainhow- ard, who was nearly 80 years old. Be had a romantic history. After a career as circus performer in early life he set- tied down in business and lost all he tad. Having no friends he died in tke poor-house. > THE World's Fair hotel at Harvey, Ik, . course of erection, burned; loss $100.00$; THE twenty-fifth installation of Col. Thos. Or. Lawyer as Commander ef Kevin's Post, G. A. B., at Bockfor4, was made the occasion of a grand cele­ bration. A r Cairo, the hay, lime and feed steep- of H. H. Hollidav collapsed, prveipitat-* ing eight carloads of oats and titteeft carloads of bailed hay, besides 400 bar­ rels of cement to the ground, crushing one mule to death and seriously injur­ ing Joseph Jackson," a' colored ktborer employed in the work of repairing the foundation of the building. The loss.|s| the contents is not very great, but tl|i> .'1)1 A 0m building is a wrec'». MEMBERS of the jfamily of John ^ Rhodes, of Brighton, have all been serl* ously poisoned tv eating pie made & ordinary field squash. Piiysiet&ns pro­ nounce Mr. Rhodes' case very serloilp aud say that the poison is paris greelpf put on the vine in the growing s?« " ' to kill bugs. PRESIDENT KENT, of the IUinois-I« Base-Ball League, says the league ia. uot dissolved. Jacksonville, Rt ckfordL Bock Island-Moiine, and Peoria will a$| > have teams in the field uext st.•:»!»*$,".. v| and an attempt will be made Kv lete the circuit by taking iu Springti*U& • j Decatur, tialesburg and Bloomingtoat. The League elected Frank Sander, ef i oekford, secretary and treasurer, ^ - -Mm