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:;fv.,4V; ******* •ifrm:V vr ©T? "i .OS-#' 2£ $ j£* I* •* YEAR ago, when the smoke of battle rose from the sur­ face of the Bay of Cavite, when noth­ ing remained of the proud Spanish fleet but a few smoking hulks of junk--some so far beneath the wares that they will remain there to rust and rot forever, oth­ ers still burning and ^ ' sending up a reek of smoke, not of battle, §•'< but of abject helplessness and surrender-- (jrA this republic of ours sprang at one bound ifrom a naval power of the sixth class to acknowledged equality with the most fj®-J^powerful on the globe. The name of Jsf."' feeorge Dewey, some time of Vermont, K/; 1had been placed along with those of li., CDrake, Nelson, De Ruyper, Collingwood jiR, #nd Farragut fc" When Nelson hoisted the signal so dear If . "to the British heart before engaging the |Tf. ' taemy at Trafalgar the words were: "To- 4Jl .day England expects every man to do his |j tlnty." Every man in that splendid fleet ||g' -vfiid his full duty, for when the fight was Kj> *>ver the enemy's chief passed his sword «to the British leader. But the gallant sea- || Vnan who made the British navy what it Is lay in his wardroom dead in defense of |i/ f liis country. All over his ships in huddled a groups, headless, legless, mangled, shat- ' ' %ered by shot and shell, his sailors lay •il- ,, iflead and wounded in frightful numbers. 5 . S*he victory was a glorious one, but was at fearful cost. j : t When Dewey, theretofore almost On-, known, hoisted the signal to "Remember the Maine" the American jackies took it" ' to mean the same as the words of Nelson's ^ { lamous sentence. They cheered the flag ' and cut loose with a smothering fire which ? Ibade it impossible for the Spaniard to Serve his guns with any accuracy. When . the fight was ended the Spanish fleet was r; Hot surrendered to the victors; it had ceas- .j-v *d to exist. The commandefShad little to " surrender but himself and the rew remain­ ing uninjured men under his command. !> *Tbe victory was a glorious one and was won without damage to the victor. Six . lnen in all that fleet received injuries, the ^ ; Inost serious being a broken leg. When day dawned in Mirs bay, a little , land-locked inlet on the eastern coast of - i\ Chins, thirty-five miles north of Hong ^ JKong, on the morning of April 27, a mist > tiid the face of the sun. Heavy banks of 4^ clouds covered the gray hulls of the fleet "IT. frying at anchor there for the coming of . *he news of the outbreak of war. A cold •drizzle soon came to add to the discom- gpv forts, to increase the gloom of the anxious "watchers. Every moment of delay meant - «o much grace and so much preparation 1^; In Manila. Would the news never come? |p" ^ Morning mess had hardly been sounded 4 "*beD a sudden call to quarters roused ev- 'iIuan aboard ship. A faint smudge of M,; smoke had been made out at the mouth of 1 the bay. Was it a tug with the important p mews, or had the Spaniard anticipated the a- ^"Yankee? Men sprang to their positions, Zy cubs were scaled and everything cleared f? • ®or instant action should it be needed. Up WS to the gray Olympia steamed the little ry< vessel, which proved to be the long-looked- , for tug. Consul General Williams went |p?'. aboard the flagship and soon the signal 11, was bent on the halliards calling ship corn­ er mamlers to a conference with the commo- , 'iore. Soon the signal was seen to up anchor .and drop in the wake of the flagship. Out steamed the Olympia, followed in turn by the Baltimore, Raleigh, Petrel, Concord and Bogton in one line. Abreast of the flagship the little cutter McCuUoch steam­ ed on, followed by the Nanshan and Za- f ro in the second line. The formation for the descent upon Manila had been made. No matter if it did rain, another kind of "v-- --c'-.n? that little Saet of warships. Silently, in regular order, with a way of but six or eight knots, the fleet put to sea. Then a strange ceremony was enacted ®n the decks. Each crew was piped to - general quarters. W hen all liad assem­ bled the executive officers stepped to the front and informed officers and men that the commodore directed that the proclama­ tion of war issued by Spain be read. Slow­ ly and impressively the words were read. •Then hearty cheers rose on the heavy air as the men dispersed to their several posi­ tions. On speeded the vessels, now di­ gested of almost everything needless in a >fcot fight. Six hundred miles away was ; Manila, but who could tell where Montejo •and his fleet might be lurking? So they steamed on in foul weather for two days and nights. Ammunition was £taken from magazines and sent to the guns. Battle hatches were put in position, r and at night nothing but the lofty lights could be seen to tell the story of the pro­ gress. Slowly, at a mere walk, the stately s -vessels plowed their way through the sul­ len sea. Silently the men waited *and watched, sleeping fitfully; for who can sleep when mighty events are impending? Thus the meji and the engines marked two days and nights. _What land is that to the south and east? That is Bolmoa cape. It is a part of the island of Luzon. Manila is on that island. See it is about six miles off. It is a bright morning, this April 30, what will to-mor­ row be like? One thinks of the green shores and broken headlands of the south Atlantic looking at that dim Jine off there. See th* Boston and Concord have put on steam and are far in advance. What is their mission? They go to explore Subig bay. The don may have a vessel or two there and if so he can come up behind and smash the transports Nanshan and Za- firo. The commodore will smash him first, HM, hot beyond belief. The vessels roll lazily along, seeming to make no way. At this rate it will be late in the afternoon be­ fore the inhospitable shores of Corregi- dor are sighted. Now the Baltimore gets Bp speed and disappears in the wake of the two gunboats which have gone for­ ward as scouts. Itj^eeds her big eight- inch guns to add to their lighter ones to give the possibly waiting enemy an object lesson. Big guns count in naval warfare Sow; just wait and see until the clash when the hostile armadas meet. But what of the rapid-fire guns, the little fellows? Good to keep off torpedo boats; they won't be needed. Wait and see. The afternoon is long and very hot. WThy •o slow? Manila is but, thirty miles away. See, there is Subig bay and there the smoke of «ne of the scouts, or is it that of ; a hostile vessel? Scarcely the latter, or we would have heard the guns. The scouts will not give ^n without a hot fight, mind yon. Here coi»& the Boston and Concord; that is the Baltimore behind. What? Stop the engines? Yes, the old man wants " at! commanders to cwtae aboard to consult. So here off Subig the fleet i^ust lay until the final plans are adopted. All right, as well here as anywhere else. Six o'clock and once more under steam. Battle ports are taken out and qll lights •board ordered extinguished* The line is and th^ Boston closing-the main line. Only a single light gleams from the sterns that the following ships may not foul the for­ ward ones; that is all: Down upon the en­ trance bears the fleet in two columns as before. Sailors in groups with here and there an officer move about the decks like ghosts In the fading light. They are un­ easy ghosts, too, for they are full of the coming of fierce battle. Night falls, grim and dark, so dark that even the hulls of the ships are lost in its impenetrable gloom. But 400 yards part them, yet one cannot see the vessel in front, nor the one directly aft.r , Quietly, with not it sound on board, the fleet approaches the entrance to Manila bay. The oW tnan has determined to pass Corregidor, • the dreaded island which guards the entrance, to the south. What does he care if the, passage be mined and filled <rith torpedoes; will pitSs the isl­ and in the secrecy of darkness or fight his way by if need be. He goes to Manila to fight the Spaniards and such little thiugs as mines aqfl ^©rpedoes will not stop him. He does not setid in the little gunboats to blaze the w?ty aed hunt for torpedoes--a duty theyinight welh undertake from their lighter draught--but he leads the way with the biggest ship in ̂ command. The huge Olympia, with over 1;080 tons great­ er displacement than any other vessel in the fleet, is in th$ van and the old man is on the bridge. ' Close inshore, covered by the mantle of night, creep the two supply ships, hoping if firing commences to escape the hail of shot and shell they cannot reply to. On past the j;rim, silent island the vessels slowly make their way. Lack of haste has been the ruling tfalt of all the move­ ments since anchors were tripped at Hong Kong. Wonderfully trying on the nerves, but the old man has no nerves and thinks everybody is like him. He sits on the bridge and says nothing; he merely goes ahead. Of course all the others follow. He has taught the lesson of silence and action. The Olympia, Baltimore, Raleigh, Con­ cord and Petrel are well beyond the isl­ and as midnight chimes. The Boston and McCulloch are still under the fire of the' mwijt may Wgh is as jro* art ready, Gridfey." **Ay»» aye, sir," is the grim The words are scarcely spoken until the big eight-inch forward guns belch forth flame and smoke. The battle of Manila has commenced, although it is the hour for early mass on shore. But above the roar of the huge guns comes an incessant rattle as if a thonsand drums were beating the double drag. What is this and what does it mean? It is the rattle of the rapid-fire and secondary batteries on those ships. On the flagship the main battery can be fired only deliberately. Men cannot han­ dle the enormous shells, so steam winches are used. But the Petrel and Concord, with their small-bore guns, can fire with dazzling rapidity. The smaller calibers on all the vessels to the fleet are hot at work, sending oat a continuous hall of pro* jectiles. A six-pounder shell is not big to look at, but it travels nearly as far aa a six-inch. When it reaches its destination it expands: into a peck measure of hurtling missiles, busily looking for victims. Over into those vessels of the don these peck measures are bursting at the rate of several hundred to the minute. Small wonder then that he is unable to handle bis guns with any degree of accuracy. Slowly the American ships move in the form of a wide ellipse. Turn­ ing, they put their port batteries into ac­ tion, giving the boys on the other side of the vessels a rest. But it is but a brief moment, for once more the starboard bat­ teries swing into range. Thrice the ships wheel in the ellipse, drawing ever nearer to the enemy. Flashes of fire are seen emerging from hatches on several of the ships of the lat­ ter. At 1,500 yards the American fire riddles the enemy. Tlie Cristina steams out to ram the Olympia, but, receiving the concentrated fire of the whole fleet, is glad to retire to cover. As the attacking fleet turns to steam out and take a rest the Olympia pumps an eight-inch shell into the flagship of the don and rakes her fore and aft. The huge fabric goes up in smoke and flame as a magazine explodes, rending her into pieces. Dewey dravfs off his ships after two hours' fighting to take ac­ count of damage. In all that fleet after these two hours of fierce conflict none is hurt. In all the crews but six men have been injured, not f)ne dangerously. A marvel in sea fighting has been accom­ plished and a nation scorned and reviled is now feared by ail, for she has a navy and men who can fight it. A couple of hours resting that the; men might breakfast follows the first battle. Then the little Petrel, which had dodged in and out, fought at short range with vessels superior in weight and armament, flashing here and there, is sent in beh^gd the arsenal where her heavier consorts UP am tetaMfa Urn $t]F»pia leading land batteries on either side. Success for the commodore's plan of slipping by in darkness seems certain. But just as this thought enters the mind a column of fire rushes from the funnel of the little cutter. For a couple of minutes .it hisses and roars, then subsides. The after 3-inch gun is manned .and loaded, and the crew stands by to fire, but no shot comes from shore. Once more upward shoots that column of flame. Over on the shore a light flashes for a moment and then! A flash of fire, a putt of white smoke and a shell screams over the little cutter. The order to return the fire is about to be giv­ en, but is withheld for a moment. Once more the dull report is heard and once more a shell flies over the little vesseL "After bridge, there," caJls the com­ mander of the Boston. "Aye, aye, sir." "Clear away those after turret guns." "Aye, aye, sir." Silently but for the sharp words of com­ mand the men work on the big guns. Cart­ ridges are sent home, breech locked and the officer reports all ready. Then comes the order 'fire. Out from the muzzles spring the first Wg shells of the battle of Manila; the war has commenced in earn­ est. But the projectiles do no damage on either side and soon the lines of ships are out of range, seventeen miles from Manila. All hands go below and take a sleep, for in the morning we fight the don. Day dawns clear and bright May 1. The fleet is standing past Gavite for Manila, looking for the enemy. While the men are waiting for the morning mess call the Spanish fleet is seen snugly ensconsed in behind the arsenal. The Reina Cristina is in front. The Castilla is nearly abreast of her and is protected by barges so shells cannot pierce iter sides. So the don was ready. Well, so touch the better. Al­ though the Americans are four miles away a puff of smoke comes from the forward turret of the flagship of the enemy and the fight commences. Dewey turns the prow of the Olympia sharp to starboard and bears directly dowp on the enemy. The cruisers and gunboats follow in order ex­ cepting the Boston, which steams in to­ ward the point and engages a shore bat­ tery. Not a shot is fired in reply as the vessels still steam rapidly toward the^n- emy. Shells are shrieking all around them, but none is hurt. But the men gnaw fin­ gers and mustaches and are eager for the command to fire. They are under a fear­ ful nervous strain and yearn fdf a chance to respond to the iron hail that is falling all around tbem. At last the Olympia sheers up and crosses the line of fire. The commodore, sedately staging on his: bridge, still pre­ serves his reputation for placidity and si­ lence. In the conning tower Captain Grid- ley peers out at his superior in an agony of desire to get into action. When the line has swept almost.clear across the admiral --he flies the Sag of that rapk--turns to the impatient commsadgr^ot his ftagship iOBiaiTOEil. NJSWS THINGS PERTAINING VO THt fARM ANO HOME, The * Stepmother, THE HERO OF MANILA. cannot go. In goes the stanch little craft while the others resume the battle. But it is no longer a battle, for the enemy, though brave and defiant, has been so fearfully crippled that longer defense is fruitless. But for a couple of hours the shells hiss and explode over the sunken, burning remains of the Spanish fleet. Then again the Americans draw off. By noon the fighting is all over, the opposing fleet utterly wiped out and not a vessel of the Americans injured above or below. No commander ever put to sea with the purpose of seeking a fight who did not ex­ pect to get a run for his money. Dewey did not underestimate the strength of his enemy, for he sailed slowly and took every possible precaution all the way from Hong Kong to Cavite to avoid surprise. His daring has never been Excelled, for he dashed into a narrow channel command­ ed on both sides by heavy land batteries and mined throughout its extent, as he supposed. That this was not so takes nothing from his fame. He did not know it. Had it been true he in his flagship would have been the first victim of what a few have been hardy enough to call his recklessness. But to fight he must get within striking distance of the enemy. His passage of Corregidor under cover of night was but a proper precaution to avoid possi­ ble crippling before meeting Montejo. What a difference in the estimation of the world of the republic of America be­ tween sunset of Saturday, April 30, and the dawn of Sunday, May 1. As the ships drew near the mouth of Manila harbor the world watched with eagerness, fearing and some hoping that the daring American commander would be whipped. He attack­ ed a force stronger than his--on paper-- and could at best, the critics said, make it a drawn battle. But with the smothering fire of his rapid-fire guns, the accuracy of aim for which Americans on land and sea are noted, he bore dowu on the Spaniard and not only won, but annihilated him in less than half a day of fighting. That battle changed the face of the globe. That battle taught the scornful lords of Europe with their enormous mili­ tary and naval establishments, to respect the starry banner. With fewer ships than most other nations, a few Deweys and a few such men behind the guns as fought at Cavite, would be formidable opponents to the mightiest fleet under sail. Nations fell over each other in their desire to ex­ press their wondering admiration for the man who dared and the men who executed under his direction. To be an American was no longer a thing to (^isguise in cafe or playhouse over the ocean. It was to be courted and flattered by those who once likened a Yankee to a pig. The battle of Manila is a landmark in history for the study of the nations of the earth. It is so quiet in the Philippines that it is possible to hear the running Filipino's breathless pants. Many of him does not wear any otber kind. T Is disgraceful," cried Gertrude Foster, passionately. "That Is a fact," returned her brother, coolly, "but what are yon go­ ing to do about it?" The young man was lying In a ham­ mock, swung at the end of the piazza; bis sister was seated near him, in a rocking chajr, which she kept In vigor­ ous motion, as though thereby trying to accentuate her remarks concerning the letter she held in her band. A boy about 16 years of age was lounging on the step9, with a novel be­ fore him, but the contents of that epis­ tle had apparently taken away his in­ terest In the story, for he was not read­ ing. "You surely are not surprised, Ger­ trude," continued the occupant of the hammock. "I have been noticing for some time the care father took in mak­ ing his toilet, when he went out on business. Business!" laughing deris­ ively; "my stern parent never fooled me much. I thought he was going a-wooing." "Yes," returned Gertrude. "But how can a man with a heart fall in love again--so soon, anyway?" "Maybe she was bis first love, from whom he was separated by a misun­ derstanding," said Harold, putting his hand over his heart sentimentally. "Hello! the rain has stopped--and there comes a livery stable carriage. How dramatic! Rain stops, enter hero! Come along, Jim; we would not be here to embarrass the greetings of two young and loving hearts." He disap­ peared through the door, while Jim slowly followed In his lazy, languid way, saying, "Tell Dick I will see him at supper." By this time the carriage had entered the gates and was coining rapidly up the long avenue that led to the house. The Fosters prided themselves on their well-kept grounds, especially the drive from the lodge gate to the house, which was bordered on either side by maple trees. They gave a delightful shade during the summer months, and their gorge­ ous foliage in the fall made the Foster place the glory of the neighborhood. But neither Richard nor Gertrude thought of the maples as he was driv­ ing under them that afternoon. He had been abroad two years; his only thought was that, at last, he was really to be with his fiancee once more. While she forgot her father's second marriage, in joy of seeing her lover again. But after they had been together an hour or two Gertrude remembered the letter and her face fell. O, Dick!" she said, "father Is mar­ ried again. I received a note Just a few minutes before you came, telling me about it. He 3aid he should be home iu a few days and wanted me to have everything done to make her home-coming pleasant." Dick looked grave--then replied: Well, It will be only-for a little time, but," cheerfully, "I will take you away right off, if you like." Gertrude laughed. "O! I guess I can support her presence a few weeks, but Isn't it dreadful--for a man to get mar­ ried a second time." Awful," he returned, with convic­ tion. Then, after a second's pause: "I mean as a rule; of course, there are ex­ ceptional cases. That reminds me," he added; "you have heard me speak of my aunt Marion?" "The aunt who, you say, has redeem­ ed the race of old maids in your esti­ mation?" asked Gertrude. "The same," he answered. "Well, mother wrote me some time ago that she was going to be married. I suppose I shall hear all about it to-night when I go home. You know," he continued, "a great many years ago Aunt Marion fell in love. She was boarding in the country at the time, and, although he reciprocated her affection, tbey had not confessed their mutual attachment when her nearest friend came to board at the same place. This young lady also was fascinated by the same gentleman, and began to think how she could sup­ plant my aunt in his estimation. She had recourse to strategy; told number­ less falsehoods to both of them, and managed, in a short space of time, to provoke a quarrel between them. "Aunt Marion was proud and sensi­ tive, sought no explanation from her whilom admirer, trusted her friend, and lost her lover. "In a year or two she heard of their marriage, which opened her eyes a lit­ tle and caused the girlish friendship to be broken off. Two years ago she re- selved a letter from this woman, who, It seems, was dying, confessing the whole truth. She also left an explana­ tion for her husband, which he found when she was dead. After a while Aunt Marion acceded to the widower's repeated entreaties to be allowed to call, and in a few months they were en­ gaged. I guess my prospective uncle made the other woman a good husband, but he did not really love her, for his wife wrote that he had never forgotten his first love, and only married her in gratitude for the sympathy and tender ness she showed when telling how my aunt had deceived him. I think," con­ tinued Richard, "that I would never have made known the truth if I had been in her place. But I suppose the voice of conscience gets loud in the presence of death. It was" a tardy rep- ation, though.' "Dick, what is your aunt's name?" asked Gertrude, abruptly. "Why, the same as my mother's," he answered, somewhat astonished at the question; "Moore, Marion Moore. Pret­ ty name, isn't it?" he added. "Too pret­ ty to change, I think. Why, Gertie, what Is the matter?" For the girl bad grown deathly white, and did not seem to hear his last re­ mark. "Nothing," she said at last, making sffort to recover her self-possession, ia]t ^ silly.childJyou are!" he said, 7. 'Ttjyould^'i make any differ- "only your aunt is--my stepmother." "What!" ejaculated Richard. "Atint Marion your stepmother! It cannot be --and--yet--I never knew her lover's name; never heard It Is that her name, Gertie, are you sure?" "Here is the letter; you can read for yourself," she answered faintly. He saw there was no mistake and won­ dered how In the world he could recall his words. "I am sorry, Gertie," he said at last "Of course, you know I never would have told you had I dreamed of such a thing; I dare say I exaggerated. I never heard Aunt Marion say anything about it. All my information came from her sisters, who did not like your--her friend. Just forget all about it, Gertie." Gertrude was weeping as if her heart would break; but as he finished speak- Iiig she handed him her ring, without looking up. "What is that for?" asked Richard, aghast "I did not mean to hurt you; surely you are not going to punish me like that, when I offended so uninten= tionally." "No," sobbed Gertrude, "it isn't that, only I shouldn't think ypu would want to m^rfjP daughter of such a. mother." ' • Richard laughed as he took the ring and placed it oq, Gertrude's finger again; "What fondly ence to me if every relative you had was in the penitentiary. You would not be responsible for their sins. Be­ sides, I suppose your mother thought she had every right to try and win your father. He was not engaged to my aunt, ypu know, and they say all is fair in love and .war. So think no more abouMtrinnd Tre .^Ul aever mention it again.^r: Gertrude nevei»*diar-mention it again, but she thought about it many times; and when Mr. Foster brought his wife home he found everything arranged to his liking. He haff Said tirtrer: "The boys will be all right, and if Gertrude does not treat you well let me know." Never, James," replied Mrs. Foster, "for you might be tempted to tell her the history of the years that are gone, and children should reverence their mother's memory, which I doubt if she could do, knowing all." But there was no trouble. Gertrude treated her stepmother with the ut­ most respect and courtesy, and be­ haved in such a way that Mrs. Foster actually dreaded the girl's wedding day. As she watched the carriage that con­ tained her nephew and his bride drive down the maple avenue, now resplend­ ent in its autumnal colorings, she sigh­ ed--then turned toward her husband, who was standing near. "I never thought to have loved Louisa'is child so well," she said.--Exchange. Plowman Pictured by a Poet-- Kdncated Farmers Are the Ones Who 8ncceed -- Early Spring Work oa Trees--How to Transfer Bees. .. Mil < a;. >••'» ; Wb never has watched a plowman turning over . , The loosened soil must have been moved to laughter," 3^o see from fences* yard and, field of clover, Crows, cowbirds, chickens, running, flutt'ring afttr. Serene the plowman treads and all un­ knowing, ^ His only care, to judge him by his ac­ tions, Is to make straight the way the plow is going. He moves unconscious of his benefac­ tions. i I think were I a man I would not yearn to Adorn the platform, parlor or piano, For though applause is sweet who would not turn to . -Th.e living earth that most becomes a •"' man? Oh, How good to turn the mornlnfc soil with Dobbin's •Ungrudging aid. and hear the Children's laughter, As wrens and bluebirds, song sparrows and robbins, Crows, hens and cowbirds, fluttered gaily after. SANS SMELL--SANS TASTE. Man with His Nose Closed Cannot Tell Tea from Coffee. It would now seem from experi­ ments, which have been carried on in the University of Iowa, that we do not taste many of the things which we eat at our daily meals. It is asserted con­ fidently that we merely smell them. If the nose is tightly closed in the ordin­ ary man and he is blindfolded, he will not be able to distinguish coffee from water or a weak solution of quinine. This has been proved by experiments made on many persons. Common cof­ fee was said to be water, It was also said to be quinine. Water was said to be coffee. Tea was called coffee. Tur­ key was called pork. Raw apple was called grape juice. Malt extract was sherry wine. Lard was pronounced butter. In short experienced persons were unable to distinguish many com­ mon foods and drinks when sensations of smell were removed, and the con­ clusion was reached that a person might even practice economy in eating by merely blindfolding the eyes and substituting lard, pork and beer for butter, turkey and venison, while If the further precaution was taken to close the nose, a very weak solution of quinine would pass for good coffee and vinegar for the. most costly wine. The experiments which led to these conclusions were carried on by Prof. G. T. W. Patrick, of the University of Iowa, who has just communicated some of the results of his work to the American Psychological Society. Prof. Patrick was enabled to attain great ac­ curacy in his work by the fact that one of the persons he experimented upon was an anosmlc--that is, absolutely de­ void of the sense of smell. He was en­ abled thus to determine which sensa­ tions were those of taste and which were smell. He experimented also on normal subjects, and some of the re­ sults were surprising. There are only four simple taste sen­ sations, namely, sweet bitter, sour and salt It Is said by some that there are only two, sweet and bitter. All other sensations which are commonly" called tastes are complex results of sensation of smell, touch, temperature and sight. The means by which we distinguish almost all of our common foods and drinks is not the sense of taste so much as it is the sense of smell, touch, temperature and sight. All the fine differences by which we distinguish the various fruits, meats and drinks depend not upon taste at all, but upon these other senses. Pure sensations of taste add hardly more than a certain emotional element to the complex sensations. Don't think you can get on to the curves of a railroad by looking at the company's map. It's as hard to hide Indifference as it !• to conceal love. Do Educated Bojt Leave the Farm? Notwithstanding the persistent ef­ forts of those who are'opposed to edu­ cation because it costs too much, or be­ cause learning is a dangerous thing, or for any other of the equally senseless excuses (they cannot be called, even by courtesy, reasons), the fact becomes more and more aparent that the men who are getting to the front to-day are the men of trained brains and hands. And this is as true of agriculture as of any of the callings. We have Prof. Moore's report of the short course in the Wisconsin College of Agriculure. That report shows that of the 196 students in this course, sev­ enty-one had secured positions as man­ agers and helpers on dairy, stock and fruit farms, and left the college at the close of the term to enter upon their respective lines of work in the different States to which they had been called. Forty-four accepted positions In the home State, and the larger portion of the students returned to their own par­ ents' farms. And numerous calls for the young and practically trained men have been received which the number graduated is not large enough to sup­ ply. Who may estimate the Influence of such a body of men scattering out among the States of the Union and teaching by preeept and example the better way of agriculture? These are signs of the times that assure us that the agricultural college is working along right lines, and that agriculture is at last coming into its own.--Farm­ er's Voice. Early Sprinar Work on Trees. Get out into the orchard and swipe the trees with washes to kill the eggs and nits of insects so destructive in the growing season. The rough bark should first be scraped off, after which apply one of the following washes: Winter resin wash--Resin, 30 pounds; caustic soda, 75 per cent, 9 pounds; fish oil, 4% pints; water to make 100 gallons. Boil the resin, soda and oil until thoroughly dissolved. Then boil for three hours, during which time hot water should be added slowly, so as not to stop the boiling, until the other 50 gallons may then be added cold. The resin wash is valuable In destroying scale Insects in dry seasons, and root lice, root maggots and white grubs. Lime, salt and sulphur mixture for washing trees --Unslaked lime, 50 pounds; sulphur, 25 pounds; stock salt, 18 pounds; water to make 100 gallons. Put the sulphur and one-half the lime In twenty-five gallons of water and boil until the sulphur is thoroughly dis­ solved. Mix the remaining lime with the salt and slake with water, and then add this to the lime and sulphur mix­ ture and boil for another hour, when the whole can be diluted to 100 gallons with water. Strain before using and apply during winter only. It is neces­ sary to scrape off all the rough bark and celan out the forks of the trees and limbs. In view of anything better thorough­ ly wash the trunks and large limbs with whale-oil soap and water, three- fourths of a pound of the former to A gallon of the latter, with a pound of red seal concentrated lye added to each fifteen gallons of water. Some grow­ ers make it as strong as one pound to nine gallons of water. The lime, sul­ phur and salt mixture applied when the trees are dormant is very good for the brown mite, red spider and all scale insects. It will also kill the larvae of the leaf roller and codling moth when­ ever it comes in contact while secreted anywhere about the tree. These are the most common insects with which we are afflicted, and spring is the best time of the year to fight them, before the eggs hatch.--Denver Field and Farm. Transferrins Bees. Transferring is usually done in springtime, though It may be done suc­ cessfully almost any time during the summer; but owing to the fact that there are but few bees In the hives in early spring, compared to the number that occupy them later, and also the condition of the combs, having but little honey In them In early spring, it is not best to transfer too early, and before the bees have begun work for the season. It Is best to do the work about the time they are gathering their first honey, and have considerable young brood In the'hive. Transferring a hive of bees is a good lesson for the amateur. It is easily done, and any one can do it First, get the new hive all in readiness to receive tbem, and, by the use of a good bee smoker, smoke the bees in the old hive by raising it a little from the bottom boafd and blowing the smoke well up among the bees. Continue smoking tbem moderately for a few minutes to allow them to fill up on honey, which they will do when smoked, and again apply the smoker as before. Now torn the old hive bottom up, and If the beet come to the top to any extent smoke them back do^n into the hive. Now, with the necessary tools, draw out the nails or cut them off, and take two sides off the hives. If any combs are fastened to the inside of these, use a knife with long blade to cut them loose. Now cut out the first combs, and with a feather from the wing of a turkey brush the bees into the new hive, where the first combs are placed, and so on until all are in the new biv**» Texas Farm and Ranch. Bprinsr Work on a Fruit Farm.* • Standard pears and cherry treif should be cut back but little. If any, cutting out such branches only as are crowding or those that cross each other. Apples should be looked over every year, cutting out enough of the top to let the sun's light in. Dwarf peas, plums and peaches should be cut back severely each year. At least one-half (and better, two-thirds) of the past year's growth should be taken off. Don't be afraid to cut these back, and you will get better results In both tree and fruit than those who prune but little. Your trees, when thus cut back, grow stocky and will support their load of fruit without propping^-and herein lies the secret of having no "off years" ot fruit In planting out your berry patch plant as early in the spring as the ground can be worked. Get plants as near home as possible. Raspberry and blackberry roots start very early in the spring, and must therefore be handled with care so as not to break the sprouts that start If plants are bought at the nursery they will have a foot or more of the cane on them, but these are left on only j£or convenience in han­ dling, and silftuld be cut off after $*e plants are set. If left on, the plant will make an effort to produce fruit the first season, which it shotild notlfe allowed to do, for by so doing It will weaken the new growth and injure the plant, greatly reducing the next sea­ son's crop of berries. Do not make the mistake of setting your plants too close. Give them plenty of room for full development of plant and fruit- American Gardening. f Peas for Family Une. It Is necessary to make several plantings of peas to have a successio: for the table during the season. Of course the earliest will be planted first, and the very earliest of all should not be one of the sweeter wrinkled va­ rieties, as these will often rot in cold, wet soil from the amount of water that they will absorb. But the wrinkled varieties when they come are so much sweeter and better that they spoil the others for use. The peas not wrinkled should be used^whlle they are small anfl tender. When they attain full size It will be impossible to cook them soft. One of thelearly and one later variety of#wrinkle<r peas should be plantedi about the same time when the ground gets warm enough. The planting may be kept up till nearly June, though later-planted peas are apt to mildew^ and at the time they are ripe there Is such variety of other vegetables and fruits that we do not care so much for the peas. Care of Blackberries. The canes of blackberries and" rasp­ berries, as well as of grapes, should have been removed before now. One of the crops that seldom receives an application of fertilizer is the black­ berry. After picking the crop sow cOW . peas between the rows, and plow them" under when the seed pods begin ts form. If preferred, they may be allow- ed to fall down and remain on the ground all winter as a mulch. Ten bushels of' air-slaked lime will nmv* tcucfclal "nrLtn tlie cow peas are turn­ ed under. If plowed under sow rye; and plow under the rye the next spring. This method will keep weeds down and add nitrogen to the soil. Good Food for Berries. EW the strawberry, well decomposed stable manure, supplemented by potash, is a good feed, If liberally dished out; or from fifteen to twenty pounds per square rood of high-grade fruit and vine fertilizer or a like amount mixture five parts bone, two parts muriate of pot­ ash and one part nitrate of soda. You may plant strawberries any month In the year when the grouud is not frozen, but least trouble, least expense and surest and most profitable results come from early spring planting.--Ex. Gleanings. ^Manure cannot be estimated by the cord so far as its value is concerned. The liquid and gaseous portions are the most valuable, and also the most dif­ ficult to retain. The value of. a cord of •manure depends largely upon the food from which it was produced and the manner in which It was preserved. Soaps are made mostly from soda lye instead of potash, the soda soaps being hard and the potash soaps soft Soap- Suds, therefore, contain but little, ̂ if any, potash, but serve to prevent insect attacks to a certain extent. Sotne plants, like celery and asparagus, seem to thrive when drenched occasionally with soapsuds, which is probably due to the fact that soda is beneficial to such crops. Frequently, when the fOod of cows is suddenly changed, the flow of milk decreases. This is due to the fact that the cows may not readily accept the new food and do not eat as much of it as of the food to which they had been accustomed, as some cows are very dainty. Changes of food should be made gradually, so as to allow the cows time to become accustomed to it, increasing the allowance daily. Farmers do not give the garden'as much attention as it deserves, and they consequently deprive themselves of many luxuries. Early peas should bo grown by every farmer, as they take up but little room where a supply for the family is desired, and after the weather opens warmer tomatoeis should not be overlooked, as they can be util­ ized in many different ways. Potato tops cost the farmer more than ^tubers in fertility. The solid matter of tubers is mostly starch, while the tops contain a large proportion of potash, for which reason potash is an essential ingredient in the cultivation of pota­ toes, as healthy tops and vigorous growth conduce to a large production of tubers. The tops of all root crops should be saved and added to the maanre heap.