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^ CA« Oldmtt Graduate. ; : H®T. Joseph Warren, the earliest ltv> tag graduate of Harvard college, has Just celebrated his ninety-third an­ niversary of his birth in his comfort­ able home in Worcester, Mass. Mr. Cross was graduated from Harrard With the class of 1828. He was horn at Bridgewater, Mass, in 1808, and was prepared for college by Rev. Pitt Clark at Newton. Soon after his graduation he was married to his first wife, Mary J. Danforth, who died in 1830. At that time Mr. Cross was principal of Chatham Academy. The young Harvard man studied for the ministry in the divinity school of his own university, and also at the An- dover Seminary, and was called to the pastorate of the First Congregational church of West Boylston, Mass., in 1840. Thereafter he lived for nearly fifty years in one house. He was a (member of the state constitutional con­ vention in 1853 and of° the legislature In 1873. Although approaching his centennial, Mr. Cross is active, clear­ headed and Intensely Interested in the s REV. J. W. CROSS. Affairs of the world at large and of the aid w4ver|ity of which he Damm fe. CToo Many Colonial Societies. There are now three Societies of Colonial Dames, each one of which claimB the sole right to use that title. The claim has caused so much friction among the dames, and at times had •0 seriously threatened to arouse the old revolutionary spirit, that one of the organizations went into court and demanded that it Bhould decide which one of the three was the one and only original Colonial Dames of America. The court--the Appellate division of the supreme court of New York--for once was nonplused, and after long and serious consideration sustained the ruling,of the lower court that all three had the right to use the Utle in­ discriminately. As this decision vir­ tually says there is no one and only original set of Colonial Dames, and, .moreover, denies the right of mutual exclusiveness, it may well be im­ agined that the Colonial Dames of all three societies are in a state of mind which can he better imagined **»»»» de­ scribed. A recent writer proved that nearly •11 the members of one society of Co­ lonial Dames who could trace ancestry back to the "colonial times" were descended from "staunch old torles" Who never became reconciled to the severance from slavish bondage to Britain. In this respect the colonial tomes should not be confounded with (be Dames of the American Revolu­ tion, who are the actual descendants of Awerioan patriots. Current Topics l A. A. A. .k A--A A M. A A A A j I r f f f f i f f f F f f f f 1 Wsr is Hats* The war of exterminattioa on rat* which was recently proposed in the United States, is being carried on with relentless energy in Cape Town, South Africa. The irats are charged with «•» sponsibility for the Introduction of the b u b o n i c p l a g u e into South Africa, and some weeks ago a central "rat office" was estab­ lished on the docks at Cape Town, where a govern­ ment official was stationed! with In­ structions to pay six cents for every rat delivered 'there, dead or alive. For a while it seemed that a third of the people of Cape Town were busy turn­ ing captured rodents into ready cash. Then the supply of rats fell off to a considerable extent, and in order to stimulate the huntera the bounty was doubled, so that to-day a rat of any kind is worth 12 cents when deli?£**d at the rat office. * > froblem in Education, .The effect of the parochial school upon the public school system. Is a theme that invites the earnest atten­ tion of all thoughtful educators. The discussion of the question at the na­ tional teachers' convention at Detroit did not elicit any important informa­ tion outside of the interesting fact that expenditures for the religious schools show heavy increase and that these schools are drawing from the public schools. With these facts--if they are facta-- as a basis to work upon it would seem that the National Educational Associa­ tion should be able to conduct an in­ quiry that would disclose some of the reasons why the parochial schools are drawing pupils from the public schools. It should be able to ascertain the rea­ sons of parents for sending their chil­ dren to the so-called religious schools. It should supplement this data with in­ formation concerning the curricula of the latter schools and the pedagogic methods and principles employed. A fiat ad Queen, i If;'7 Bight young beauties, all society leaders, attired in serge combinations, 'Mtalit** shoes and hosiery, contested Mayor in a S'h rl Wars*. Mayor Harrison of Chicago is a shirt waist man. He joined the cohorts of the coatless last week and sent a thrill of wonder through the serried 1 s MAYOR HARRISON'S SHRITWAIST. ranks of officialdom when he appeared at his office In the morning with a plaited and beruffled garment that showed the manly outlines of his fig- OONSTANCB MACKENZIE. ® the swimming championship, gayg a London cablegram. Lady Constance Mackenzie, niece of the Duke of Suth­ erland and heiress to the Cromartle estates, won the challenge shield gold medal for the third time in succession. Medals previously won by her were worn on her blouse. Her beautiful ..... twen hair fell over her shoulders. ' MS he fo/ar Expeditions. ? V *The Peary relief expedition, rinded the command of N. L. Bridgeman of New York, has at last sailed. Mr. Bridgeman expects to find that Peary has discovered the pole, and failing that, has made some important explor­ ations. Mr. E. B. Baldwin of Illinois has aleo left Tromsoe, Norway, with a first-class outfit, a stanch vessel, anc plenty of dogs, and expects to reach the pole. Another, north pole expedi- ' Hon is that of Captain Bernier of Can­ ada, who intends to enter the arctic • regions through Bering strait and drift ' to the pole. In the meantime four ex- j peditions, German, British, and Scan­ dinavian, are about to sail for the '•outh polar regions. The frozen North kand South have lost none of their fas­ cinations for adventurous spirits bent upon solving the polar mystery. Thus (far, however, the outcome of explora- tfion has been principally the sending Of relief expeditions--an experience _likely to be repeated In the "fissg at iBaldwin and Bernier. Ottr fn&ajfon of En, English newspapers continue to dis­ cuss the dangers of American competi­ tion. In fact, no public question of the day receives more attention In England than American invasion of European markets. Every foreign brings to this office a bundle of news­ papers, all containing articles on some phase of American enterprise and ag­ gression, and these newspapers are of the highest grade. Included in the list are many of those credited with molding public opinion in England, and others that reflect the sentiment of manufacturers in industrial centers. The Manchester Guardian, in discuss­ ing the effects of American competi­ tion in England, quotes the president of one of the British steel, iron, and coal companies as saying that in the last six months of the year 1900 the works of the company were conducted at a loss because competition of Amer­ ica had been exceedingly keen, and bad embarrassed English manufacturers in their efforts to secure foreign and co­ lonial as well as home contracts. Nearly all the leading papers in Britain are agitating a prohibitive tar­ iff against American investments in British securities. They plainly se^ th?t by the unrelenting laws of interest American capitalists would soon en­ slave the English people. wmm if TP The Maine Historical society has voted to acept the gift of the old his­ toric Longfellow mansion on Congress street, Portland, tendered it by the late Mrs. Anne Longfellow; Pierce. The ac­ ceptance was made only after long hes­ itation, on account of the conditions made by Mro. Pierce, among these be­ ing that the society Bhall make its home In the building and prepare it for occupancy by other similar organiza­ tions that may wish to use it as a meeting place. Another provision binds the society to erect a hall for its meet­ ings and accommodation of its library, to connect with the main house, which must be left substantially as it stands. It is also provided that "the two front rooms upon the first floor of the house are to be kept with appropriate arti­ cles for a memorial of the home of Longfellow." The cost of the proposed hall will be about $21,000. The Longfellow family will put the house in good order, and by the provisions of the will of Mrs. Pierce, ab far as possible, the home- L9HCjFELU?W3| BIRTHPLACE THE IAM6PH P91OTAIT <m | H »• * t • ":V L9NGFELL9W6 RESIDENCE like look of the place will be retained by leaving some arctlcles of furniture, especially those of a semi-historic na­ ture. An Automobile "Residence. i M, TRAVELING RESIDENCE. It waa In the Congress street maa» slon that Longfellow passed his ear* ly life. His birthplace on Fore street 1» marked by a tablet. A novel vehicle that has attracted the attention or pedestrians along Wa­ bash avenue, Chicago, for some days is an automobile house, belonging to George Washington, 481 Wabash ave­ nue. It is a traveling van propelled by a forty-horse power gasoline motor, and is Intended for a home for its owner and his wife during their wan­ derings about the country. An old street car has been rebuilt for the body of the house, to which are added an observation and operating platform at the front end, surrounded by large windows, and a porch in the rear. The machinery is mounted on a heavy steel frame; the whole weighing about four tons. Although no great success has as yet attended Mr. Washington's ef­ forts to navigate in the new craft, he believes that when he has put ten- inch tires on it, with teeth to them to catch the ground, he can move his house at a good pace whenever he wifl. The Harben medal of the Royal In­ stitute of Public Health will be pre­ sented to Professor Koch at a dinner **to be held in London In a few days. ' Holland Is the only country tnEu- tflpe that admits coffee free of duty. Monument to Under the auspices of the Associated Poultry Fanciers of Germany and Aus­ tria a splendid monument has Just been erected at Gorlitz, Germany, to the memory of Robert Oettel, who is known as the father of poultry breeding In Ger­ many and Austria. Oettel was born In 1798 and died in 1884. He devoted fifty years of his life to the improve­ ment of the breed of poultry in Ger­ many and Austria, and organized societies of poultry fan­ ciers with an aggregate of more 3,000 members. Control of Dalloon-r. } A cable dispatch from Paris de- Scribed how Santos Dumont, the Bra­ zilian aeronaut, steered a cigar-shaped galloon around the Longechamps race ijfcourse several times, and, after cir­ cling around the Eiffel tower, went back to his starting point. The state­ ment, on its face, indicates that one great difficulty in the navigation of the jjair has been surmounted. Long voyages in balloons were made forty or fifty years ago. Professor Wise and three others started in a balloon from St Louis in 1859 and traveled nearly 1,200 miles, landing in New York. Long voyages were also made Jay other American aeronauts and by ::t>alloonists in Great Britain and France, but in every case the aeronaut was helpless. The balloon carried him, not where he wanted to go, but where the winds willed. The problem of sus­ taining a man in air and of flying through the air was solved, but bal­ looning of that time was simply, a mat­ ter of adventure. All the efforts of aeronauts we: then directed to controlling the large balloons in use. No one succeeded. Then came experiments looking to the construction of a balloon that would sustain itself in midair and to the use in connection therewith of a motive power and controlling apparatus that would make the aeronaut the master of his machine. Many of the new bal­ loons were controllable in quiet air, but were utter failures when it came of a practical nature. ., "Billion Dollar Bruit. *$ignot> Crispi o_f Italy, Professor J. S. Kendall has resigned the position of Commissioner of Public Instruction in Texas to take charge of the North Texas Normal school. Pro­ fessor Arthur Le Fevre of Victoria. T«xai«. has succeeded him. A billion dollar cotton seed oil trust Is the latest. The Standard Oil, though nominally only a hundred million dollar trust. Is really a billionaire, for its stock is selling on a valuation of nearly $800,000,000 and Is worth more. The billion dollar steel trust is real'y a billion and a half dollar trust. Sev­ eral of the "community of interest" railroad system run from a billion to .two billions and a half apiece.--Ex. Misleading Figures. Some time when the National Bu­ reau of Statistics has nothing better to do it might take a day off and re­ vise the estimates of the population of the United States that it gravely presents to the world as mathematical facts. In skimming over that fascinat­ ing volume of light literature, the Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance, the astonished reader finds that our population in the latter part of 1900 Indulged in the erratic perform­ ances indicated by the following fig­ ures: ( June •••••• • • •*»'••• 4*77,816,000 July ,77.956.000 August *78,097,000 September 78,237,000 October 76,891,000 November .76,975,000 December 77,080,000 The future historian delving among these solemn historical records, will wonder what calamity could have swept away 1,346,000 of the Inhabitants of the United States in the month of October, 1900. The population had been steadily, increasing before that fats) time, and the increase was re- • W > . " > , V .1 - < h 1 &• ' 'I'». .f ! m Francesco cnspi was doto in oiciiy, October 4, 1819. He took a leading part in the Palermo Insurrection of 1848, and after its failure went Into exile. In 1859-60 he organized an­ other revolution, landed at Palermo with Garibaldi, and became a member of the provisional government In 1861 he was elected to the first par- frumed afterward. Was there a sudden Invasion just then, a pestilence or a hot wave, or did the people drop dead from excitement over the approaching election? Of course the real explana­ tion Is simple. The population of the country in June 1900, was not 77,816,- 000, but 76,304,799. In October the treasury statisticians got the census returns, and thereafter they based their estimates upon those figures, but they never took the trouble to correct their back estimates, which according­ ly continue to be reprinted, month after month, in all their glaring ab­ surdity. There is a page of these esti­ mates, including population and per capita circulation of money, for every month from June 1896, and all palpably wrong. As these are the things on which history is based, why not take time enough to get them rightT Hezekiah Conant, founder of the Conant Thread company of Pawtucket, R. I., now a branch of the J. ft P. Coats thread company (Limited), has resigned as treasurer and general man­ ager of his eoneerti becausei'j^'liil heal**. . • liathefrt of United ItMy. airtl H iSft became president of the chamber of deputies. He was for several years premier of Italy but resigned early in 1891, shortly after negotiating a settlement of the claims against the United States growing out of the Mafia massacre in New Orleans. He has three sons in the diplomatic service. „ Don't Jtay Don't. Mr. William Shaw of Boston said to the Christian Endeavorers at Cincin­ nati In discussing '"How to Hold the Boy": "Don't be forever saying *don*t\ Re­ member that boys are hero worshipers that they admire masterful men and women." That is pretty good advice for fath­ ers and mothers of boys. Napoleon Bonaparte said that "Mao is the born enemy of doubt" To thi* we beg to add that the boy is a born hater of uncertainty, of the unex­ plained. He Is also the especial enemy of "Don't" No camel in the desert with all of his stomachs empty evei yearned for water as a boy yearns foi a reason. He Is a living question mark, and mere affirmation without explan­ ation produces absolutely no effect up­ on him. Give your boy reasons and above all give him examples and an in­ centive. This writer is acquainted with a boy three years of age. He declined positively and finally to eat soup.--Ex. Fishing poles are an article of eacpor from Calcutta to the United States returns tor 40 B# %iht #ere forelgn-tNMti. P*ri**t*fe of foreign-born inhabitants waf*/|»iUe larger in New York. It waa JWrth smaller in Philadelphia. Th#» || was only 25 per cent It is evident 'that the "foreign element" is not responsible for the poor govern­ ments of large American cities, for Phlladelphlans seem to be unable to manage their municipal affairs honest­ ly and efficiently. The census figures for last year show a decrease of the percentage of persons of foreign birth in Chicago to about 35 per cent, and presto, Chicago begins to grow worse. The native-born residents numbered 1,111,000, and the foreign-born resi* dents 687,000. Chicago is not so mush of a foreign city as it was. The num­ ber of persons of foreign birth in­ creased only 137,000 in the decade, and that o? persons of native birth 462,000. But the native white males and fe­ males born of native parents living In Chicago last year numbered only SSV 0u0, as against 727,000 natives of for­ eign parentage. If foreign immigrants and their Immediate descendants kept away from Chicago It would have been an inconsiderable place. Of the 967,000 men and women of foreign birth who were residing in Illinois last year more than half, It will be seen, were lu Chicago. They found em­ ployment and are helping with their manual or mental labor to build up Chicago, says the Tribune of Chicago. k Irrigation and Droughts An incident of the drought in c&e 'bf the corn states is related by an ob­ server from Western Kansas, where, in one county, two adjoining farms presented the contrast of irrigation and natural rainfall. A farm that had been Irrigated by a system of two wells in previous years was found to be thriving, although this summer one of the wells had failed and the other was giving but half the supply it gave last year. The farm that depended on the rainfall was naturally the sufferer through the unusually dry conditions, but the point was that the irrigated crop, although In need of water, would probably survive because of the mois­ ture that the soil had received in pre­ vious years. Irrigation Is a matter not only for this generation, but for the next, and an interesting result of its lasting ef­ fect is noted In a recent bulletin is­ sued by the United States geographical survey.. It is shown by this'authority that while water, turned loose on sandy soil, is rapidly absorbed in the first processes of irrigation, and that there is consequently little encourag­ ing headway, year by year the irrigat­ ed section grows larger, until land on which there has been little or gatlon becomes productive. . & < » "Pine JVeedtes. t It having been announced some time since that oil of pine was beneficial in relieving pulmonary complaints It seems that since then quite an indus­ try has sprung up in Oregon in its manufacture. The oil is made from pine needles, which are stripped from the trees twice a year. Some of the trees, it is said, yield from 600 to 800 pounds of leaves at each picking, a good hand being able to pick about 500 pounds a day. As soon as picked the leaves are sent to the factory, where the oil is extracted by distilla­ tion, ten pounds of oil being produc­ ed from two thousand pounds of leaves. The fibre that remains is wo­ ven into fabrics and mixed with hair for mattresses. It is also used as a filling for cigars, to which it imparts a pleasant quality. A notable fact connected with the process is that it la considered a benefit to the trees to strip them twice a year. Those engag­ ed in the industry are mostly .Ger­ mans. -* ty ,<v Discouraging Lynching, The constitutional convention la Virginia is now considering a resolu­ tion to prevent lynching and will probably adopt it It provides that the governor shall offer % reward ot $500 for the arrest and conviction of every person engaged in lynching; that the act Bhall constitute murder In the first degree, where the lynching is accom­ plished; and that the state shall pay |1,000 to the heirs of any person lynched, the money to be chargeable to the county or city where tne lynch­ ing takes place. Such a law would be a drastic remedy, but it undoubtedly reflects public sentiment In Virginia, for, like South Carolina, where a rem­ edy has already been provided, Vir­ ginia is but little cursed with lynch­ ing and almost universal respect is shown for the courts. Neither In South Carolina nor in Virginia has lynching become a habit or even, a characteristic. . l Happy f*hifologirtt, C .#* The thirty-third annual meeting of the American Philological Association closed at Cambridge, Mass., the other day. Though the association had been In session a week, there was no dimin­ ution of enthusiasm. There were three meetings during the day. In the morn­ ing Professor Kirby of Johns Hopkins discussed "Certain Irregular Uses of the Elegiac Pentameter," Professor Magoun of Redfleld "The Treatment of Elided Syllables In Latin Verse," Pro­ fessor Fairbanks of Iowa asked "Is There Still a Latin Potential?" Profes­ sor Hale of the University of Chicago investigated "The Dating of Euripides' 'Iphigenla in Tauris,'" and Dr. Bates "The Variant Runes on Franks' Cas­ ket" ***** IM 3?+ tiM creaasd ftttnt IMftUit to 7M»tt * ****'** St per sent, »» to Im Christfaa Waomarn soelstlss, Inst ended, ln- etoftttd their ttsaftsrship tnm one milUon to fcror million--a gain of 300 per cent Not quite aH of thiS la In America, for the Ch5î Btoavor societies haw been phwiliNl ihW^ ŝt, but It needs only a simple cal calculation to show th«t # thess relative rates of increase keep ,up it will be but a matter of twenty-five years or so until all the InhablttBts of the United States become Endeavorers* and in less than fifty years the socie­ ties will include the entire population of the globe. But without waiting for that consummation we may Congrats late ourselves upon the vigor of an or­ ganization whose sole purpose is to work for good. That four young people can be found to act with a single one of the many bodies formed to elevate the world is a pretty fair set­ off to the selfish commercialism is doing fo much to drag. maatfaA dowik, • / ^ I I (I. ' 1 ^ Ma* 123 Dercendants. The Dowager of Abercorn who eslt* tested her ninetieth birthday quits •rln recently, has more living descendants than even Queen Victoria had. Her children, grandchildren, great-grand­ children, and great-great-grandchil­ dren number 128, among them being four dukes and heirs to dukedoms. Tho Dowager Duchess is a daughter of the sixth duke of Bedford, and was mar­ ried to the Duke of Abercorn in 1829. On her eighty-second birthday, in 1894, there was a family reunion, at which 101 of her descendants passed befors the venerable Dowager, led by her eldest daughter, the Dowager Duchess of Lichfield, with her thirteen children and thirteen grandchildren, who were followed by the thirteen children and fifteen grandchildren of the Countess of Durham. The children of the Dow­ ager Duchess who are still living are the present Duke of Abercorn, Coun­ tess Winterton, Lord Claud Hamilton, Lord George Hamilton, the Marchion­ ess of Blandford, the Marchioness of Lansdowne, and Lord Ernest Hamil­ ton. i.;- ; m %s;y ' * +itte*jr Womtmi; The Countess of Essex, who Miss Adele Grant of New York before her marriage to the head of the ancient English family, is giving London an exhibition of American pluck. When it became known that she and her hus­ band both had exhausted their for­ tunes, much sympathy was extended, but instead of throwing up, her hands the countess devised a way of earning both hers and her husband's living. Her plan is to rent apartments she has had furnished in her own taste, and the high rents she receives give her a good income. It is said the title of Countew of Essex always has been born by a beautiful woman, and the present American owner of the title particu­ larly is greatly admired for her beauty and charming manner. She was tha &'•$! \ v! M belle of New York and Newport before her marriage to the Earl of Essex, and once was engaged to mary Earl Cairns. She has a daughter of 5, who promises to be as beautiful as her mother, and a stepson of 14. r ; DooXpvaHer'* Vie***. After a 2,000-mile bicycle trip through Southern Europe, John W. •-1 -m Bookwalter, the eminent American economist and author, is convinced that there 1s trouble for the world in the higher prices for grain. He is also convinced after closely studying the peasantry of Europe that a crisis Is imminent between the urban and rural populations of the United States. After traversing Italy from end to end, and after crossing the Apennines, Mr. Book- waiter predicts a great struggle b ween the agricultural districts and the dtla% particularly in the United States. .Hetty Green's ipost valued posses 1 sion is just now a pet poodle, named Dewey. Mrs. Green says she is dis­ tantly related to the admiral and for that reason named her dog for him. t ... j Last year Uncle Sam turned out now coins worth $136,000,000; of whleh $99,000,000 were gold. . ~ * <#• ... J. A. Fillmore, who has resigned the position of manager of the Pacific sys­ tem of the Southern Pacific railway after almost a lifetime of meritorious service, will be paid $1,000 a month by the company till the end ot the year, OTd a pension of $500 a month there­ after aa long as he lives. Tho ships of the world, eidudlnfl naviea, are worth 1294,000,000, of • Europe's share is $227,000,000. "%tY h ̂ ,U' jt ~l • * <• ; *• * 4 t ^ vk h * / £4 & it*** ^