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; '" " "^pNK&2^^W.>~c " "v •'.;. :•- • '^•\r~ ".- ~r»-i...••»-.• ~r,. PEOPLE and EVENTS m%. Wr* m£: 0ROF. SMEDUEY AND SPELLING. -... ..jprofessor -Smedley and his assistants 111 the department of child study of the Chicago public schools are trying to Ind out why p many children do not |«*rn to spell/ That they do not is ad­ mitted by the fact of the investigation. And this admission is doubly interest­ ing because it comes from Professor Smedley. Professor Smedley's investi­ gations so far seem to be confined to physical conditions. He suggests that improperly fed children have weaker memories as well as bodies. Defective eyes are also suggested as another rea­ son for bad spelling. The theory is that the child, not seeing the word correct­ ly In the first place, is unable to re­ produce it correctly. In this latter the­ ory there seems to be a point-which tne lay mind concerned with results, and observing that the spelling results of Chicago school training are decid­ edly poor, may reflect upon with prof­ it. The old system, by which children were taught to spell by steady prac­ tice in vocal combining of letters into words, is regarded as very crude and ted by the apostles of the "new meth­ ods." For it has been largely super­ seded »y what is called "the visual nwihod." which seems to be that a child shall first be taught what a word looks like as a whole and then shall lean to spell it by taking it to pieces tad trying to put the pieces together THE FOXY OLD SULTAN. Abdnl Hamil II., Saltan of Turkey, vko has just conceded the demands ml the Ft . V government, thus sav- jit. AI3DUL HAMID. H *, --"fng the seizure of Smyrna by the * , French fleet in the Smyrna Gulf, is now in the sixtieth year of his life, , and probably a sicker man than ever £•., before. The sultan's sickness is not v, v merely metaphorical; it is literal. For *5;v">'. years he has been in bad health, and * " while he has had to face constant po- ?;YV litical menace from blustering powers abroad, he has been threatened with |j•,assassination and revolution at home, |C. „ together with all the other evils flow- | ing from the despotic form of govern- £v ment. It is now twenty-five years , since he ascended the throne of his %ancestors, and although he is the most £,•' execrated monarch on the face of the Oi;- ?• globe he has many warm sympathis- ers and friends among the foreign dip- lomats who have visited his court and jif'/ have learned" the exasperating trials jyf-., of which the sultan is the victim. Hi It is only within the past few years j v. ' that he took to wearing a full beard. Formerly he wore a mustache only. % • ' -- |i; The flitncra for Hlh. \ Those political prophets who the > next day after an election can predict all the changes which will occur be- H>- fore the next election are now appoint- ex-Governor Bennett Hill to the leadership of t h e N e w Y o r k D e m ­ ocracy, siic- c e e d i n g "Boss" Cro- ker's disas­ trous malad­ ministration. The leader of the New York Democ­ racy inevita­ bly becomes the National Democratic leader. Un­ doubtedly Governor Hill is one of the moat astute politicians and statesmen in the country. Yet it is too early to select the statesman who shall be in­ vited to assume the leadership of the Democratic party. It may be Hill and •hove the Democratic horizon there now appears no vision of leadership which he might not realize and filL But as the future unfolds th »re will be many objects to attract the jwjpular at­ tention. Next year, after congress ad­ journs, elections will be held in forty states. Governors, with oxher state officers, and members of co agrees will he chosen. Out of the events of 1902, not out of the events of 1901, the Dem­ ocratic leadership of the future will be evolved. Wi r fir#' 14 Ratals And Great Britain. Great Britain, in spite of its ill luck in South Africa, can still iurn to ac­ count every moment for looking after its Northwest Indian troniier. There­ fore Russia should regard Afghanistan more attentively and set to work more aeriously with that country, for Great Britain will know when to seize the v; right moment for provoking a quarrel r between the ameer and IRussla and such a quarrel would call far the with- t, drawal of Russian troops from points ^ at which their presence at .his moment j£ to indispensable.--St. Petersburg Svet. *,,y:W: • • 1 ' j a* frii» 'y.t -. A' number of the Tmparial Forces tells me that when in hospital at Wyn > berg he lay between two "Tommies' from Vauxhall. When convalescent .v and able to talk bet asked them what , was the matter with them. "I dunno, ; was the reply; ' the bill at home passed *w as 'fit.' but we're mortil bad now." Before he left the hospital the yeoman read the card over the bed on either tide of them. Each boro the simple W "tateoient: "Cong^uX, heart dl*. , «k,^Tta1to Fair.™.'-.. p§ •*Vanitr Fair. > V . ' VYv* $$• Self-Disci pi In a. . The method of maintaining disci* pline in the state prison at Folsom, California, is declared to be very suc­ cessful. There are no dungeons or dark cells, and none of the old modes of punishment are recognized in this institution. When a new prisoner is received, he is informed that they have three different bills of fare in the prison, and that it is optional with each man as to how well he lives. If he is industrious, orderly, well-be­ haved and in all things conforms strictly to the rules of the prison, he is served with excellent food, nicely cooked. He can have chops, steaks, eggs, tea and coffee, milk and white bread; if he is only fairly well-be­ haved, and does not do his allotted task properly, is inclined to growl and grumble at the regulations of the in­ stitution, he is given ordinary prison fare, mush and molasses, soup and corn bread; and if he is ugly ana insubordi­ nate, he is permitted to feast on un­ limited quantities of cold water and a rather small allowance of bread. There is said to be an intense rivalry among the couvicts to enter the first class and oSce there it is very seldom that one of them has to be sent back to a lower class. Obelisk to Victorias Memory. An immense and elaborately built obelisk, in memory of Queen Victoria, is to be placed next year in the grounds at Balmoral by the tenantry of the royal estates on Deeside. The obelisk, which will be over thirty feet high, is to be constructed of stone from a quarry in Balmoral forest. The site selected for the memorial, of which the king has signified his ap- proval, is In the so-called Monument Park, between the bronze statue of the prince consort and the jubilee sfotue of the prince consort and the jubilee statue of Queen Victoria, which last was erected in 1887 by the tenantry. How's Thlsl We ofler One Hundred Dollars reward for any ease of Catarrh that cannot be cured by Hall's Catarrh Cure. F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, a We, the undersigned, have known F. £ Cheney for the last 15 years and believe him perfectly honorable in all business transactions and financially able to carry out any obliga­ tions made by their firm. West & Truax. Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, O.; Walding, Kinnan & Marvin, Wholesale Druggists. Toledo, Ohio Hall s Catarrh Cure is taken Internally, act­ ing directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces Of the system. Testimonials sent free. Pilot fbc per bottle. Sold by all druggist* Hall's Family Pills are the besL DMng on Bicycles. The embankment of the Tiber, just' outside the Porta del Popoio, is the vantage ground from which the most expert members of the famous swim­ ming club, "Rara Nantes," careering along in midair on bicycles, gracefully plunge into the river and swim to shore. Many of the feats performed by the divers in turning back somer­ saults while plunging from the bridges or the embankment are really surpris­ ing, and always drew admiring crowds. --Traveller. Three-Quarters of a Century. For seventy-five years the Youth's Com­ panion has been published every week as a family patter. In these seventy-five years the paper's constancy to a high standard has won the confidence of the American people. It has kept pace with the growth of the country. Its stories, its special articles. Its editorials, its se­ lections represent all that is best in American life. For 1902 the foremost men and women of the English-speaking world have been enlisted as contributors. The work of an unprecedented number of n«w and promising writers has also been secured. Thus the constantly in­ creasing demand for the best reading suited to all members of the intelligent American household will be fully met. Electric Kond t*> ML Blanc. During the past summer an electric railroad was completed to the foot of Mt. Blanc at Cbamounix, which makes it possible to reach that place from Geneva in three and three-quarters hours. But recently the journey was by diligence and took the greater part of a day. Ingenious Italian Newspaper Man. America does not possess all the in­ genious newspaper men. Luigi Car- reno, a journalist of Jlome, in order to get up a story on the Pope's daily life, secuied employment in the Vati­ can as a gardener. ^ / i 2 JBt-A A m a WW?- Leopold9* Queen ,«*• % r-\ iT '1" 0 ̂ -ml v;*: •. ,r S May AJso Come• Rheumatism and the Kyeo. Chicago, 111., Nov. 18th.--Mr. R. A. Wade, the celebrated criminal lawyer of this city whose opinion on legal matters is unquestioned, has recently made public his unqualified opinion on a matter of medicine. Mr. Wade says that Rheumatism and Kidney Trouble affect the eyesight, an$i further that there is no case of the kind that can not be cured by Dodd's Kidney Pills. He has no fear of being set right by any of his nodical friends, for both atatements have a living and indis­ putable proof in the person of the great lawyer himself, who as a result of Rheumatism and Kidney Trouble from which he suffered for years, be­ came totally blind. Physicians, the best in the country^ pronounced his case Incurable ana' hopeless, but Dodd's Kidney Pills cured him, restored his sight, drove away the Kidney Trouble and with It the Rheumatism and made an all- around well man of him. Now that King Leopold has an­ nounced authoritatively that he is coming to this country and has told his burgomaster to prepare for his de­ parture interest centers in the queen of Belgium. Will she come also.? There is something about a visiting monarch that is unsatisfactory at best. Do what you will and entertain him as you may, he lacks something of interest and certainly of grandeur un­ less he can show by his side his nueen with her coronet upon her brow. The tiara worn by the duchess of Cornwall and York at her receptions In Canada is so brilliant that it makos the eyes of the women blind with toirs of envy, while the duke himself is quite commonplace in a long coat and white waistcoat So will Belgium's king lack luster unless he can bring with him the queen. Queen Marie Henrlette is one of the handsomest monarchs of Europe; By no means a young woman, she retains her figure and some degree of youth in 'her face. Like Queen Alexandra, she has defied the ravages of time and comes forth now on public occasions In much beauty. Her health is unfor­ tunately poor and, as she is a bad sailor, it is highly probable that she will beg off from accompanying her husband on his trip. The queen was once an Austrian princess, living in the atmosphere that is so different from that of Belgium. For many years she longed for her na­ tive land and was quite uncomfortable among the Belgians. But after a time this wore away and she Is now well beloved and loving. . It is not in her own land alone that the queen of Belgium is known. She has figured prominently before the public as the mother of Stephanie, who married Rudolph of Austria. When Rudolph died Stephanie lived,, alone with her daughter Elizabeth, but emerged from her retirement to wed the Count Lonyoi. Stephanie was known as the loveliest royal woman, the image of her mother, when the lat­ ter was married to the king of Bel­ gium. MARIE HENRIETTA, King Leopold Is a very Interesting monarch. In matters that advance a country, contributing to its benefit, he is supreme; and, during his reign, Bel­ gium has made great progress, spe­ cially along industrial lines. It is to still further benefit his own land that Leopold visits America, for he oppaeg QUEEN 07 BELGIUM. principally to study our factories and our commercial interests with a view to introducing new methods in the old world. The king has always enjoyed an oc­ casional holiday in Paris and while there is known as a very jolly good fellow. a Li Hung Chang'* "Distinguished Successor | Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 16th.--A medical authority says: "In m&ny families throughout the world Garfield Tea often takes the place of the family physician, for practically everyone suffers at times from disorders of stomach, liver, kid­ neys or bowels. Certainly, from no oth­ er medicine can such good results be Obtained. This Herb remedy makes peo­ ple well, thus greatly Increasing capacity for enjoying life; it is food for young and old/' The percentage of water is 80 in plums and grapes, 82 in apples, 84 in pears, 86 in oranges, 90 in lemons and 95 in watermelons. PUTNAM FADELESS DYES do not spot, streak or give your goods an un­ evenly dyed appearance. Sold by drug- gists, 10c. per package. New York state farmers are buying potatoes for their own consumption, a situation unheard of there for years. "Lazarre" is one of the most charm­ ing romances written in many a year." --New York Press. There is four times as much nour­ ishment In ric# f$tu4 W«t«h* 0 1 I » t a t o « | , ; : • • ' •3$$f *k - < YUAN SHI KAI, NEW VICEROY OF CHEE LEE. Yi^[n Shi Kai, who succeeds LI Hung Ch^ng as viceroy of Chee-Lee, is the best appointment that could have been made from all China, according to Mr. Rockhill, the special commissioner of the United States to Pekin. He was minister to Corea. As governor of Shan-Tung he show­ ed surprising ability in tranquilizing that dangerous province, while his gift for diplomacy was exercised fully in preventing friction between the turbu­ lent population of the peninsula and the Germans when the latter were steadily encroaching from their origi­ nal holding at Kiao-Chow on the north coast. Wang Wen Shao, who Is made depu­ ty viceroy of Chee-Lee, is also a man of marked ability. Forjtunately he always has been friendly to foreign ideas and is not a reactionist. He was one of the grand secretaries of state and is at present one of the two minis­ ters appointed to form the new Chi­ nese foreign office which will replace the tsung-li-yamen. Rewarding Old' Kmploye*. Mr. Andrew Carnegie long ago adopt­ ed the practice of gtving an interest in the busi­ ness to men in his em­ ploy who a h o w ef d marked Abil­ i t y a n d whose serv­ ices he did not wish to lose. Some of those who were his ju- u t o r partj ners at the time he sold out the United States Steel corporation would have been still mere­ ly his salaried employes or working for themselves if he had not looked out for their interests in the way be did. Last week $1,000,000 worth of 5 per cent bonds of the Carnegie company were divided among twenty-one of its old employes. They would have been given the same amount in* stock but ' for the taking over of the Carnegie Barope Comes Here to Lttra. The announcement that a technical institute Will be established in this country, probably in Chicago, under the direction of the Minister of Com­ merce of France, to give French stu­ dents an opportunity to study Ameri­ can industrial methods, is another con­ fession of Interest as revealing the ad­ miration whioh this country's commer- company by the Steel corporation. These employes are independent now, the income from their bonds equalipg the wages they have been getting. This is their regard for intelligent, tealous, and long-continucd service. IN BEHALF OF JULES VERNE. A**grateful public will sympathise with julesjyerne, the prince of scien* tjflc romancer^. Report sayS that he ws become en­ tirely blind. While a calamity of this kind is a grievous misfortune to any human being, M. Verne's power of sec­ ond sight, of seeing things that are hidden from the ordinary eye and ot creating a vista through which others can look Into wonderland, will serve him in good stead in this time of mis­ fortune. It would seem that his popular works have not brought to him the remunera­ tion he richly earned, since a subscrip­ tion for liis benefit has been started. The distinguished writer ought not to lack for. bread or for the luxuries which would make him comfortable in hit old age. A monumental stone erect­ ed by a grateful people is ot small im- cial career has excited in Europe. Ap­ parently all the strongest of Europe's commercial powers are coming to school in this country. The visit of English railroad men to study the ef­ ficient operation of American railways is a nice tribute. A representative commercial agent of Germany, who does not stand for his government but is in close touch with it, is now in the country to make a study of industrial and reciprocal tariff relations. Now the French come with an ad­ mission that engineering students can find a better field of research than in Germany, England, or Belgium, where they have been sent hitherto.1 The technical schools of France itself are no mean places. For an architect to have had a thorough course of study in Paris is a high recommendation. In the high-grade technical schools of this country the courses are rigorous, but graduates are almost morally cer­ tain to find excellent opportunities not only open but waiting eagerly for them on their completion of the school work. Oar Annual Fire Waste. In the year 1900 79,?49 reported fires in the United States burned 109,092 pieces of property and caused a loss of $160,929,805. These and other facts of our enormous annual fire waste are clearly set forth by Arthur E. Harrell in the current Leslie's Weekly. They show a condition of ignorance and neg­ ligence which certainly speaks ill for the intelligence and prudence of the American people. Defective flues, overheated stoveB, faulty machinery, and similar products of ignorance caused 23.13 per cent ot the fires. Careless handling of matches, lamps, cigars, hot ashes, etc., caused 23.85 per cent more. Crime and mis­ chief are known to have caused 8.52 per cent. They are conservatively es­ timated to have caused at least one- half the fires of "unknown" origin, which resulted in 21.15 per cent of the total loss. "Spontaneous combustion" caused 4.25 per cent. President Roosevelt and the Indiana. Commissioner Jones of the Indian bureau has some radical ideas as to the duty of congress to make if possible the Indian wards of the nation self- sustaining. It is understood that Com­ missioner Jones has urged his views upon President Roosevelt, and that the latter, from his intimate knowledge of Indian administration throughout the western states, is inclined to share the commissioner's views. portance, but it is fitting that the au­ thor who baa created so much happi- * »• . JULES VERNR, f ness for others should not tttSet 1%- lect during his lifetime. Mayor Capdevllle of New Orleana has received through the state depart­ ment the Insignia decoraflon of the Order ot 8t Olaf conferred an hlflt by King Oscar of Sweden. Ml jreooba on tor Obest-Cold^ •hltls, Group and Pleurisy. An outward application for bron­ chial difficulties is many times far more effective than syrups, cough mix­ ture, cod liver oil, &c., simply because it penetrates through to the direct cause, which Is. as a rule, an accumu-> latlon of matter or growth tightly ad­ hered to the bronchial tubes. ' St. Jacobs Oil, possessing as It does Chose wonderful penetrating powers, enables it to loosen these adhesions and to induce free expectoration. Casea have been known where expectorations have been examined after St. Jacobs Oil has been applied, and the exact formation was clearly shown, where the adhesions had been removed or pulled off the bronchial tubes. All ir­ ritation of the delicate mucous mem­ brane of the branches is quickly re­ moved by the healing and soothing properties of St. Jacobs Oil. In cases Of croop and whooping cough in chil­ dren St. Jacobs Oil will be found su­ perior to any other remedy. St. Jacobs Oil is for sale throughout the world. It is clean to use--not at all greasy or oily, as its name might imply. For rheumatism, gout, sciatica, neuralgia, cramp, pleurisy, lumbago, sore throat., bronchitis, soreness, stiff­ ness, bruises, toothache, headache, backache, feetache, pains in the chest, pains in the back, pains in the shoul­ ders, pains in the limbs, and all bodily aches and pains It has no equal. It acts like magic. Safe, sure, and never telling. Borne-Made Holiday' Gifts* • An article made by one's own hasp Is invested with a charm and sentf^' ment that a purchased gift nevejt^;;. brings. Five full pages of the Decen*», x ber Delineator are devoted to the !!• ~ lustration and description of holidajf*. gifts that may be made at home. Everjp., lnember of the household, and everf* part of the house, has been considered " in these remembrances, which will ap» peal as much on account of their easif r of construction as their beauty &n{t. their utility. What the World Owes Asia. On the whole, when the continent of continents is fairly viewed in her length and fullness of history as in her breadth and wealth of land, Asia must be held at once the cradle of hu­ manity, the birthplace of nations, the nursery of the world's religions, and all right-thinking men must hope that the debt of the western world to the queenly continent will be paid In full measure, and in pease and good will to the men of ancient lineage, whether their skins be brown or yellow. Curious Condition at Carlsbad. The city of Carlsbad, Bohemia, up to August, 1901, had no street cars of any description. The city has a population of 15,000 permanent residents, which number is augmented each year from April to October by about 40,000 visit­ ors. The druggist who sells soothing sir­ up is guilty of taking hush money. You never miss the political orator till the "bar'l" runs dry. An Innocent At>ro»d, An old lady of New Brunswick, ife J., went to New York city on a visltr/ one day' recently, intending to return that night. She discovered that sha had inadvertently carried the key her home with her. Entering a tele* graph office in Broadway, she put th# key on the counter, saying: "Pleasi send that to my husband, in New v: Brunswick, by telegraph, yr . be-*bk),tO'get Mt His One Chance. • "Goodness! I do hope our younft minister won't marry that Miss Strong^ ^; mind." "I didn't think yoa took «li ^ much interest in him as to care verjp'.' <V- much." "I'm thinking of myself, that"#, all. If he marries her he'll never hav# ' a chance to talk except from th€ put* > pit and then we'll 8aflOT.'^p]kl]ade#cv^ phla Press. Xother Gray's Sweet Powders for Chlldrei!̂ : Successfully used by Mother Gray, nurse >' f In the Children's Home in New York. Cur#?-, ' -V. Feverishness, Bad Stomach, Teething Dia^» ' orders, move and regulate the Bowels an! . Destroy Worms. Over 80,000 testimonial*. At all druggists, 35c. Sample FHEB. Adk dress Allen S. Olmsted, LeRoy, N. Y. Fpod IionriM for Soldlera. All European armies have certafw ex­ tras w e e k l y i n t h e w a y o f f o o d . S u g a r ' [ - P is given in England and France, tw<r , > gallons of beer in Riissla, half a gallop of wine in Italy, thrjee pounds of flsfe- - in Spain, and five ounces of butter itt Belgium. Bit Bets Compared. Elections have not produced the big-, gest bets. In August. 1900, a New York firm wagered $250,000 on McKinley'a election, but in 1843 Lord George Ben- tinck bet $720,000 on one of his race horses in England. " It costs $4 for ten words by the new telegraph line to Yukon. Have you seen Mrs. Austin's new dressT When a man gives his word he should try to keep it. E NfiSISKSi-t m 2£!£££? mechanics,engineers, nairaun o LlucnOk firemen, electricians,Etc. KEpage putnpbiet containing questions uskeri by Examining board ot Jiaigineers. GEORGE rt. ZELLER, Publisher Room 596. 18 South Pour h St.. St. Louis. Ma SENT FREE. TKE HANDY PARING AND SLICING KNIFE is a HOUSEHOLD NECESSITY for paring and siloing fruits and vegetables. As the depth is regulutedby a^auge both paring and Blicing aro perfectly uniform. Therefore fruits and vege» tables cannot be wasted. Made of highly tem» pered steel. Takes and retains keen edge. Will poy for itself the flrRt week using. Money refunded if not satisfactory. Sent to any address postpaid on receipt of price, 29 cents. CROWN SUPPLY HOUSE, Box 299, CHICAGO, U. S. «. FOR COMFOR.T WHEN RIDING OR DRIVING CARRIAGE aH SLEIGH USE LEHMAN OVER 150,000 IN U8E. Cost of Heating only 2o per day. Heaters and fuel of all Carriuge, Harness and Hard­ ware Dealers. Don't fail to send for circular telling more about them. LEHMAN BROS., Mfrs., 10 Bond SI, New York. JAMES W. ERRINGER, Mention this paper when writing. den. West Sales £gt., 297 Wabash Ave., Cbicaf*. lit. HEATERS • II NIDKItMAnF* S5*22«S3'2S HOES^ i JtvUQ dealers W. > - i>oT*grla» Gilt Edge Line Cannot lie Equaled At Any I'rice. For Hon Than a QturUr of m Century Hie reputation of W. L. Douglas J.i.00 und S3.CO shoes for style, comfort and wear has ex­ celled all other makes sold at theso prices. This excellent reputation lias been tv-ou by merit alone, w T. 1>ouk1»9 shoes have tojtfve better sat­ isfaction thau other S3.00 and #3.50 shoes because his reputation for the best (SUX) and shoes must be maintained. W. X*„ Douglas 83.00 and S3JSO slwes are mode of the same high-grade leath­ ers used in V5.00 and 86.00 shoes and are Just ab good in every -way. The standard has always hern BO Wch that tne t*c-urer receives moro Tnlue for his money in the \V. L. Douglas $3.00 and $3.50 shoes than ho can K 't elsewhere. W. L. Douglas makes and uella more 23.00 and ts.oo f-liocs than any other two Bi.nrr.:f:i"turerg In the world. FAST COLOR EYELET" USED, Xniiit upoa having W. L. EouglM tboM with name ard prlc* stamped onhntf-orri; Klines Kent an wliero on receipt of price and 25 cents additional for car­ riage. Take measurements c" foot as shown; state stylo de- slrcd: size ana width usually worn; plain or cap toe; heavy, medium or light soles. Bold by 88 DoogUi atom In American cltte* wiling direct twjwlwn. C^ntftlog O from fkotory to wearer at one profit i and the b»t aboa acuns : W. E.. nnroi.AiL Br--fctoa. Mm. BY TELEGRAM FROM THE WALDORF MMS "We have just struck d very body of ore iti our Cotnniotiwealtn Mine--too busy taking care of the or* to write fw week." , v A • 2 FEET OF SOLID ORE GOLD, SILVER, LEAD** COPPER i«E BET NY FOR TIE 4 SHHU - ; the biggest strike made in ^MClNORTHERN COLORADO DUR- . , 5 . j A r ' l ' • " Som* of «ur agtnts In tht East art making $400.00 par lonth for thamaalm and good monay for thalr friaadt. Ma mkoa our atoak tba bast parohaaa an tba mutat EvJ. WILCOX, Manager 1038 Emenen St.. DENVER. COLO. u i , y., •di,. uv- i: 4V-' -A"-'"-'i-^V 1 •*>. •' '• 'Jfe-v: •' - Y•" i •'J'-.h V'-a' 'i'-y -- '=•' t km . . - a ry^ :?riY