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ON THE TRAIL OF THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY By WILLIAM T. ELLIS TMs DubmuiilinJ Antrictn JoornalUI la TrattEnf Around the World for the Purpoae of [wrMlintinf th* AbmIbm Foreign MiaaioMry from a Purely Disinterested, Secular and Non-Sectarian Standpoint. Illustrated with Drawing* and from Photographs, STA F SAND DUNES Both Blame and Praise for Missions at Peking BATTLE OF TWO CSNTUJMIS END8 IN VICTORY. All Devices of Man Failed in Check­ ing Encroachment of Sand on Cape Cod and Then BQaeh Grass Was Tried; Pokint. China.--The missions at Peking are often pointed out as mod­ els. And with reason. The workers are of a higher grade than ordinary, and they maintain pleasant social re­ lations with the legation people and with the few other Europeans in the capital. They are on friendly terms with eminent Chinese. Their work is substantially planted, and housed in fine quarters. They display a degree of denominational corrity far in ad­ vance of what is generally to be found in America. At least one prosperous native church exists, and a medical and educational service is rendered to the community which commands the praise of all observers. There are serious grounds for. criticism, also, and these will be mentioned later. The American missions are the Northern Methodists, the Congrega- tionalists, and the Presbyterians, the Ix>ndon Mission and the French Roman Catholics represent the con­ tinent of Europe. Near Peking.^and to be considered in this general group, are the Congregational Mission at Tung Chow, and the Presbyterian, Congregational and China Inland Mis­ sion at Pao-Ting-fu, both of which cities were centers of the Boxer out­ rages. The year 1900 wiped the mis­ sionary slate clean, so that, in most cases, there was not even a vestige of the former establishments left. This accounts for the newness, order­ liness and attractiveness of the much discussed mission compounds. How Missions Get Together. The most notable feature of mission work hereabouts Is the union educa Various methods of approach are used, all depending upon the bent of the preacher's mind. At the Congre­ gational street chapel I heard a native pitching, into idol worship as a for­ eigner would scarcely consider it politic to do. Advantage is often taken of the Chinese ignorance of the physical world to lead him up to the teaching of one God through the facts geography and astronomy. I asked a missionary if natives are often converted by a single hearing of the Christian story, and the an­ swer was that occasional well-authen­ ticated instances of such are known to almost every missionary. The service I attended in the na­ tive chapel partook largely of the na­ ture of a prayer meeting, with par­ ticipation by numerous persons. At the close several hearers expressed an interest in Christianity and a desire to become '•inquirers. Since there were absolutely no material advan tages to be gained by this step, inas much as the work was exclusively na­ tive, 1 could not but regard this as one evidence of the sincerity of the Chinese desire for the Christian teach­ ing. In this chapel I noticed a list of the martyred members who had per­ ished in 1900. Where Martyrs Were Many. In Pao-Ting-fu and Tung Chow I found remarkably prosperous churches. That at the latter place is quite self-supporting, and it has a percentage of educated, prominent citizens far beyond the proportion ex­ isting in the city at large, thus dis­ proving the charge that only the low- i X,. The North China College and the American Board Compound, Tung Chow. tional plan, in which all the missions are united. Thus the Congregational- ists put into the scheme the fine new college for men at Tung Chow, and the college for young women at Pek­ ing; the Presbyterians, the theological seminary, and the London Mission the great medicai college and hospital at Peking. The Methodists unite only in the medicai coiiege. Each denomina­ tion has representatives on the faculty of all these institutions, and they are joiatly managed. Each mission main tains its own primary or day schools as before. The result is an educational work for the Chinese which must evoke the admiration of every one who sees it. The empress dowager is a con­ tributor to the medical school and hospital. All the buildings are large and well equipped, with the possible exception, in the last particular, of the theological seminary, and it has a fine body of students, and with high- grade instruction. The quality of the teaching throughout, both in the in­ stitutions mentioned and in the Pelt­ ing university, is the strength of the enterprise. If there were room, I should like to enumerate the men and women who are pouring their power into the creation of a new leadership for China. Such teachers as Rev. Dr. W. A. P. Martin, long head of the Im­ perial university; Rev. Dr. D. Z. Shef­ field and Rev. Dr. J. Wherry, the emi­ nent authors and educators; Rev. Dr. C. Goodrich, linguist and theologian, whose dictionary every student of China knows; Miss Luella Miner, au­ thor and leader in woman's education; Prof. Isaac T. Headland, author of books on Chinese folk lore- and art-- such as these would make any edu­ cational work great If there were room for particulars I could tell incident after incident to illustrate what all this means in the awakening of China. I chanced upon "essay afternoon" at the woman's col­ lege, when the girls were having their weekly social exercises. Now Chinese girls look stupid; their expressionless, unattractive faces reveal nothing. Yet I heard those girls get up and make speeches, without five minutes' warning upon the general subject of reform and progress, that would have made the statesmen of ten years ago call for the headsman. The girls are studying foreign governments and reading their own newspapers, and what they had to say about the needs of Chinese government was so point­ ed and practical as to take one's breath. This is the sort of thing that no end of Manchu reactions can over­ come. How Chinese "Get Rv igion." I dropped into two st.eet chapels in Peking, one belonging, to an inde­ pendent native church ind one at­ tached to the Amerlcaa board compound. The street chapel is the approved method of reaching the crowds ift Chinese cities. It is a typical ! Chinese room, open to the street, where a native or a missionary spends two or three hours every aft­ ernoon expounding Christianity to •whoever drops in, and there is a deal jOf coming and going, since it no long­ er bring? dfBgrace upon a man to listen to the preaching of "the Jesus er classes enter the church. One does not meet in the homeland many churches showing a more generally vigorous, healthy and active life than this one. Quite a strong Christian community now clusters about it, al­ though this region was solely rav­ aged by the Boxers and the allied troops. In this American board com­ pound, which is quite a close second to the Methodist compound at Peking in extent and impressjveness, although different in being situated outside of a city, a visitor finds, in addition to Miss Chapin, who was given a medal by King Edward for her hospital work in the Peking siege, and Rev. Dr. M. Williams, who led the party of missionary fugitives from the Boxers 1,000 miles across Mongolia; the lov­ able veterans, Dr. and Mrs. D. Z. Shef­ field, who suggest that the best way to keep young and happy is to go to the foreign mission field. Down in Pao-Ting-fu the martyrs' memorial church is worthy of a visit, having beside it the grave of 26 mar­ tyrs, marked by simple headstones, those of the missionaries being no dif­ ferent from the,Chinese. Here lie the bodies of Dr. Howard Taylor and Horace Tracy Pitkin. The Presby­ terian martyrs are buried on the other side of the city. This is an indepen­ dent Congregational organization of natives, who not only support and di­ rect their own work, but maintain various philanthropic enterprises be­ sides. The outstanding personality in Pao-Ting-fu is Rev. Dr. J. W. Lowrie, of the Presbyterian Mission, the man who saved the city from destruction by the allies. Although his own friends and comrades as well as his converts, had been massacred he prevailed upon the military expedition which he guided, to spare the city, with the result that he is held in highest honor by the Chinese. I found his church full of attentive hearers, many soldiers being among the number. Dr. Lowrie's mother, who came to China more than 50 years ago, is still working at Pao- Ting-fu. Here is a fine girls' school, conducted by Miss Grace Newton, and two hospitals. It was a spectacle to watch Dr. Charles Lewis put through a crowd of dispensary patients at the rate of more than one a minute, in­ cluding minor operations. From Pao-Ting-fu and Tung Chow itinerating is done out into the sur­ rounding country, as also from Pek­ ing. Reverting to the capital itself, a word should be spoken concerning the weekly union service for English- speaking persons in ths Congregation­ al church, which are quite well at­ tended. 1 hese are conducted by vari­ ous missionaries, and managed, I be-" ll«ve. by Rev. Dr. W. S. Ament, the dominant personality of the American Board Mission here. There is a weekly church of England service In the British legation chapel. There are also German and French churches. The army and navy department of the International Young Men's Chris­ tian association maintains an associa tinn fof the legation guards, but the general impression seems to be that ?t rather misses the mark. I visited it three times when the American marines were off duty, but I never saw a soldier about the building. All the mission compounds in i ek­ ing are imposing, but most impressive is that of the Northern Methodist Episcopal Mission, concededly the finest in China. In addition to the large buildings of the boys' school-- or "Peking University," as it is called--and of the "girls' school,* there are the residences of the missionaries and the large church. The entire grounds are said to be larger than any of the extensive legation grounds, on which are housed not only minis­ ters and attaches, but a detachment of legation guards as well. Their im- pressiveness 3s heightened by the park-iike arrangement "of the attrac­ tive* gray-stone homes of the mission­ aries. This is the most criticised mission compound in China. I have heard legationers business men, traveling and other missionaries speak of it in terms other than praise. Most of these critics, it is fair to add, do not know that all except two of the mis­ sionary families living in these attrac­ tive homes have incomes independent of their salaries. The compound was enlarged imme­ diately after the Boxer outbreak, when the Chinese were in a state of terror and poverty. The ground was bought at what one of the Methodist missionaries characterized as "good Chinese prices;" the charge fre­ quently made that the property was "looted" is unfounded. Nevertheless, the opinion seems to prevail among many Chinese and foreigners that.an unwise advantage was taken of ~pe- euliar conditions and that the Method­ ist church will one day rue its great bargain," for the Chinese never for­ get. The buildings were' erected with indemnity money. A Methodist Scandal. In connection with the securing of the land for this compound occurs the name of the man whose personal initiative put through the transaction, the senior member of the Methodist Mission. Concerning him I have heard repeatedly the charge that he has served as the representative of corporations seeking mining and rail­ road concessions at Peking, using his influence as an eminent and honored missionary to secure privilege from the government for the companies em­ ploying him. Sizing Up the Denominations. Reverting to the splendid equipment of the Methodist mission at Peking, it has been noteworthy that every­ where I have gone I have found the Methodist stations possessing the best plants. Their work and their workers are better cared for than those of any other mission, so far as I have ob­ served. Other missionaries have re­ peatedly spoken in admiration and praise of this; personally, I think that one great personality stationed in a city or a village is better than a fine institution, but most missionaries seem to think otherwise. It has also been pointed out to me that, while the Methodists have by no means fur­ nished the proportion of great men to China that have come from the ranks of the Congregationalists, the Presbyterians and the British socie­ ties, they have yet maintained a high average of general fitness and effi­ ciency. As one Presbyterian mission­ ary said to me; "Have yoii noticed that you almost never see a Method­ ist missionary of whom you would say, because of incompetence: 'He should go home?' I do not recall one such in all China." Nor do I. In contrast with the Methodists, the Presbyterians often under-man and under-equip their missions. They seem to be spread out too thin. Good management would seem to advise fewer stations and stronger. For in­ stance, the Presbyterian hospital at Peking is closed, because it was made dependent upon one man, and when he fell sick, the work stopped. Sim­ ilarly, the Presbyterian seminary which went into the union of North China educational institutions must have made the Presbyterian workers blush for the inadequacy of their con­ tribution to this great enterprise. One man, D. Courtenay H. Fenn, who still wins praise for the display of the same qualities which earned him fame as "the miller of the Peking siege," is bearing two men's load in trying to make up for the shortcomings of his denomination in the matter of the seminary. (Copyright. 1907. by Joseph B. Bowles.) The Art of Happiness. The art of happiness consists in be­ ing pleased with little things. People with great wealth or great power are seldom happy. The leaders of the world, great men or great women, are seldom satisfied. The society leader, with millions at her commaiid and the homage of many men and women, rarely knows the happiness that comes unasked to the young wife or mother in humbler circles. The possession of money decrehses the power of onjoyment. A child gets more pleasure out of a sixpenny toy than a millionaire does from a thou- ?and-pound yacht. Sixpence has great-r value to the child than a thousand has to the millionaire. The joys of life belong to the little people--the quiet men and women who are satis­ fied to live their own lives and make little mark on the lives of others. It is In the power of the least of us to b<#happy and to make others so. Which is stronger? Man and the devices which a keen and resourceful barin can create, or Nature? For two centuries the ingenuity and skill of man have been taxed in an effort to hold in check the shifting sands on the lower end of Cape Cod, but always without success, and now after re-- peated failures man has turned to gen­ tle Nature and sought her cooperation, and, lo and behold, the sands rest obedient before her, for beach grass has been planted, and while each blade is weak and Insignificant it is found that unitedly the multitude of blades present a barrier before which the erstwhile all-conquering sands are impotent. ^Strange to say, the fact that beach grass can withstand the shifting of the sands is not. of recent discovery, for back in the last century the town crier used every spring to add to his other admonitions about letting the cows run loose, cutting forest trees and paying the taxes this important Varning: "And now all ye who hear are admonished by thie authorities that it is the time to plant beach grass, and all those good citizens, therefore, who respect the law and fear for the penalty of its neglect will forthwith proceed to the planting of said grass." Even in those early days the value of beach grass was appreciated, but the various efforts to have it planted do not seem to have been effective until a few years ago, when the state of Massachusetts itself took over the sand dune desert that lies back of Provincetown and began a systematic process of reclamation. The dunes extend over an area of 6ome 6,000 acres and have long been a menace to- farms and roads. At times, when high winds have pre­ vailed, they have threatened the de­ struction of villages and homes. The harbor, which ha,s sheltered in time of storm as many as 1,000 ves­ sels, is even more in danger, for it is surrounded on three sides by sand accumulations that have washed around the head of the Cape. It was ! this menace to coastwise shipping and the fishing industry more than anything else that Mused the national government to act in the premises. When the state of Masachusetts took hold of th6 work the sand dune area was disignated as Provincelands. By means of public ownership the au­ thorities were enabled to exercise a- more effective surveillance than would have been possible were the areas under private ownership. The department of agriculture at Washington had in the pieantime been conducting a series of investiga­ tions regarding sand grass in the hope of reclaiming not only Cape Cod lands but also othelr vast areas along the southern coasts and in California and Washington. 'Representatives were OA® PLAN FOR A CORNCRIB. S3*'.--.' I IS Build ft H i 8o as to Make Handling of Grain Easy. The modern way to build a corn- crib and oat bin is to build it high, high. The building may be 25 feet by 48 feet with a square pitch roof, and I would use an elevator or grain dump outside of building over the roof, dis­ charging the grain through the mid­ dle of the roof, and spouting, it in the inside to either side or the mid­ dle, says correspondent of the Breed­ ers' Gazette. I have such an outfit and I can fill WIDE TIRES. Corn Crib and Oat Bin. the entire building by one setting of elevator. The enclosed plan of crib will hold 5,000 bushels of corn and 3,- 000 bushels of oats, and has a neat appearance. By building high you save work,in shelling, as corn will roll down and does not need to be shov­ eled. Planting the Beach Grass. sent to foreign countries to learn what had been accomplished. They discovered that it was possible to transplant grasses so that the most stubborn and lawless beaches could be held in control. France, as an ex­ ample, after a constant struggle of more than a century had transformed the desolate plains of Gascony into forest lands and fertile fields, while by the same means Holland had rend­ ered its country secure against the en­ croachments of the North sea. Jg, spite of' the progress made on Cape Cod the work that has been done is only the beginning. "Cape Cod is anchored to the heav­ ens, as it were, by myriads of little cables of beach grass, and if they should fail would become a total wreck and ere long go to the bottom." CARE OF SEED CORN. The Drying Out Process Must Managed Carefully. Be I f f » * iiL.ii STORY OF THE NOTED FAMILY OF MONEY LENDERS. Just One Hundred Years Ago Since the First Rothschild Settled in London--How They Came by the Name. Prize for British Museum. Miss Harriet Chicele . Plowden, of Folkestone, has left to the British Mu­ seum the original manuscripts of Bee­ thoven's first sonata for violin and piano and Mozapt's tea great string quartets. The Mozart manuscripts cost Miss Plowden's father le^s than itO in an auction In 1847. Just 100 years ago Nathan Mayer Rothschild--the father of the British Rothschilds--settled in London. He was the third son of Mayer Amschel, who took the surname of Rothschild from the "Sign of the Red Shield," which was displayed on the front of his house in the Judengasse, in Frank- fort-on-A^ain. Nathan Mayer's grandfather was called Amschel Moses, but beyond him the family cannot be traced with certainty, for hll official registers were destroyed in the fire of 1711, which burnt out the whole of the street. Mayer Amschel, born in 1744, was In childhood dedicated to the Rabbinate; but, when he came of age, he elected to go upon the exchange, and entered the house of Oppenheim, the great bankers of Hanover. The Seven Years' war was raging, and the cute British policy of continental subsidies, in the shape of bills on Hamburg and Am­ sterdam, was eagerly adopted on the bourse. The distribution of these sub­ sidies was immensely profitable, ow­ ing to the exchange being invariably in favor of London. Young Mayer Amschel entered heart and soul into these negotiations with no small profit to himself as well as to his house. Mayer Amschel's five sons were Amschel, Solomon, Nathan, Mayer, Charles and James, each of whom in turn was the founder of a Rothschild house--family and bank--respective­ ly in Frankfort, Vienna, London, Na­ ples and Paris; the Naples house was closed in 1871. Nathan was sent by his father in 1797 first of all to Manchester to buy cotton goods for the German market, and there he remained till the end of 1806, having in the Meanwhile become a naturalized British subject. Early In 1807 he moved to London and set­ tled in New Court--which has ever since been the headquarters of the London Rothschilds--first as a gen­ eral merchant and next as a banker and broker. The Jewish financier was, however, not wholly engrossed by the "love of riches"--that of woman intervened. Hannah Cohen, the lovely daughter of Levi Cohen, in Throgmorton street, bewitched him, and after a brief court ship in Angel court, the happy day was fixed for Oct. 21, 1806--a day for ever memorable from the abject col­ lapse of Prussia upon the stricken field of Iena. Within a fortnight after the wed­ ding Nathan Mayer Rotschild received from his father at Frankfort a bulky post-package--no less a sum than £600,000 in British exchequer bills and other securities--with a letter saying that the Landgrave of Hesse- Cassel had fled before Bonaparte, but that all was well with them iq, Frank­ fort. Nathan Mayer Rothschild died in 1836, leaving several children, his eld­ est son being Lionel Nathan, born in 1808, who brilliantly retained the re­ nown of his family. A very success­ ful enterprise--to name one among many--was the purchase of Spanish quicksilver, whereby the Rothschilds secured a monopoly for. the sale of mercury. Lionel Nathan Rothschild--who, by the way, was Sidonia in Disraeli's "Coningsby"--died in 1879, and was succeeded in the headship of the fam­ ily by his eldest son, Nathan Mayer, born in 1840, the present most worthy bearer of the honors of the British barony of Rothschild--the first peer of the realm of the Jewish race. Lord Rothschild, who takes a great interest in all that concerns the wel­ fare of the Jewish community, is con­ nected by marriage with Lord Rose- bery, and the Rothschilds' mansions at Hyde Park Corner are as sig­ nificant of their wealth and social po­ sition as are their beautiful country seats in the Aylesbury and Tring dis­ tricts, where Lord Rothschild and his brothers Leopold and Alfred are thor­ oughly well known as good landlords and most hospitable and kindly neigh­ bors. EDGCUMBE STALEY. Seed corn as brought in from the field has a high content of moisture. If, in the attempt to dry it out quick­ ly artificial heat is used, with little or no attention given to ventilation, the chances are that the germ will start | to grow. Artificial heat is dangerous | at this stage. The important things I are ventilation, a dry atmosphere and a moderate temperature. Corn sus­ pended from a wire in a well-venti- lated shed, granary or dwelling house attic, in such a way that there is free circulation of air around each ear, is very favorably situated. Windows should be closed during ni-ghts and rainy days, but open the rest of the time. If the fall be dry and hard freezing weather does not come until seed is well drfed out, it will go through the niater nicely, in such quarters. If the weather be damp and winter sets in early, it should have the benefit of ar­ tificial heat. A chamber or attic through which a stovepipe passes will answer; a furnace room in a dry eel lar- is very satisfactory. We have found long bushel boxes about one foot wide, with one-quarter inch wire netting for sides and top, very desir­ able storage for corn which has first been handled as above until it is fairly dry. Such mouse proof boxes afford much ventilation and may be stored in a dry furnace room, or in a moder­ ately warm attic with safety, as win­ ter sets in. Experiments have shown that coru which is thoroughly dry will not be injured by any degree of cold. This, while interesting, is not as comfort­ ing as it would appear to be for the reason that some confusion may re­ sult in deciding when corn is thor­ oughly dry, and further, corn once dry does not necessarily mean always dry. If left subject to a moisture laden atmosphere it will very likely take up enough moisture to render it liable to injury from severe freezing. --Ohio Station. WINTER KEEPING OF SQUASHE8. A Suspicion. The lazy man I shall not flout. But let him Idle' all the day. For if lie tried to work, no doubt. He'd just be getting; in the way. --Washington Star. HOPELESS. Standing neath the vine-covered ar­ bor, at the southern end of the gar­ den, about page 357, the man and the woman gazed earnestly in each other's eyes. "My own," murmured the man, "my very own--may I call you so? Thanks. Then, will you, sweet one, be my wife?" "Ah," she said, her frame convulsed with sobs, "would that you had not spoken, Aubrey, for I can never be your wife/' "You never can?" ejaculated the disconcerted lover, starting back in amazement. "Nb, no," she said, with a choking so1>. , "But you love me?" he queried anx­ iously. "Yes, yes," she replied, convulsive­ ly. "And will you always re nisi a single If you don't marry me?" "Yes, yes." "There's never been any scandal abput you, has there?" "Sttrl" "No, of course not," he hastened to mutter. "Pardon me; 'twas an un­ worthy thought. But as far as I can make out, there seems to be no bar whatsoever to our union." "No,"--the light of love irradiated her classic features,--"there is noth­ ing to prevent our being married." "Then why--why"--the man's voice vibrated with passion--"why can you not marry me, if there is no earthly reason to prevent it?" "Because," she answered, In a tone of helpless despair, "I am the heroine in a woman's novel." As he recognized the insuperability of the obstacle before theni, he quailed and then, with deep drawn sighs, he glided into the forty-eighth chapter.-- Puck. One-Sided. "You should give us credit ror good intentions," said Mr. DuBtin Stax. !iYes," answered the discontented cittzen, "but we consumers get tired of being constantly called on to give credit when we are invariably requir­ ed to produce casta."--Washington Star. Must Be Gathered Just Before the First Frost. Squashes and pumpkins if expected to keep well must be gathered care­ fully just before the first frost. Leave the stems on and do not bruise. 11 frost nips them ever so little, right there they begin to decay, at first slowly, but too soon they ^ill be ruined. After they are gathered it is best to store them in an outbuild­ ing until danger of freezing ap­ proaches. They shoujd then be taken to a cool, dry, airy cellar, and placed upon shelves, being careful that they do not touch one another. Squashes gathered and taken care of in this way will keep good untl nearly spring. The best luck 1 ever had storing squashes and pumpkins was in a cel­ lar adjoining a cellar room, writes a correspondent of Orange Judd Farm­ er. It was very dry and the windows were all kept open until there was danger of frost entering the cellar. The squashes were gathered just be­ fore frost without bruising, care be­ ing taken to leave all th^ stems on. They were set upon shelves about four feet up from the cellar floor. The win­ dows were left open for awhile every warm day during the winter to air the cellar. The cellar was kept dry and cool. These squashes kept nicely un­ til January 1. Then some of them be­ gan to speck. When I wanted one to use I looked them over and used the ones that were beginning to show signs of not keeping very well. By this method none went to waste. A number of them kept until spring. The squashes were tlM Hubbard, the Hes­ ter, the Marlow and sweet pumpkins. There was a fine lot of them and I do not know that our family ever enjoyed anything better than they did those squashes. The Hester squash espe­ cially is a fine keeper and if cooked right is equal to sweet potatoes. Give Coating of Manure. Before the fall rains begin, cover the lettuce and radish beds with a heavy coat of fresh horse manure. The rain water will carry the very elements needed into the soil, ThJg same attention can be paid to the foli­ age beds. The litter must be removed in the ^spring. If the soil needs organic matter,4well-rotted manure should be used. ^ «nd Cons Concerning Their Utility on Country Roads. This is a question which has re­ ceived a great deal of attention and about which there has been much dis­ cussion. Whether or not wide tires are the most satisfactory depends upon a number of things. For ex­ ample, on hard roads, wide tires do not pull any heavier than narrow tires, but on some country roads, and especially where the dirt "rolls up," It is difficult to use a wide-tired wagon. Many states have legislated on this subject, but the question is still unsettled. Let us look for a mo­ ment at some of the problems. One of the most convincing tests, which has been referred to often, was that made at the Missouri agricul­ tural college several years ago. A load weighing 3,665 pounds was used in the test. The tires of the wheels were 1% inches and three iches, re­ spectively. The draft of the narrow tires was 439 pounds, or 41.6 per cent, more than the wide tires. Estimat­ ing the wagons to weigh 1,000 pounds, thus on broad tires 5a 3,248-pound load would be drawn as easily as 2,000 pounds on narrow tires. The broad wheels do not injure the turf, while the narrow wheels go through; Under some circumstances, the nar­ row tires evidently draw easier. This is true on a dirt road which is muddy. Then, too, as a rule, broad tires have been used on low wheels. Generally speaking, low wheels pull heavier than high wheels, particularly where the road is rough. In a recent inquiry sent out to users of low-wheeled, wide- tired wagons, the consensus of opin­ ion was that wide tires were much more satisfactory; first, because it was easier to put on the roads; sec­ ond, because the reads were injured less by these wide tires. Where nar­ row tires tended to cut up the surface of farm rqads, wide tires tended to pack the surface and make it hard. A few years ago some very com­ plete tests were made at South Bend, Ind. The conclusions were as fol­ lows: On hard roads, block pave­ ments and other permanent and sub­ stantial roads, there was no argu­ ment, so far as actual draft is con­ cerned, the effect being rather against the wide tire and in favor of the nar­ row tire. In the effect on hard roads, wide tires have the advantage, and this benefit should be appreciated by turnpike and macadam companies. In soft mud, slush and other similar circumstances the advantage is against the wide tire and in favor of the narrow. On the other hand, on sod and soft ground, where the wide tire does not cut in and the narrow one does, the advantage is on the side of the wide tire. A test was made at the Ohio state university and the results were simi­ lar to those in Missouri. Two horses could easily draw a heavy load on a grass sod where the tires used were used. It will thus be seen, says Orange Judd Farmer, that the matter of wide tires is very important from the standpoint of the man who is inter­ ested In better highways. There are, however, two sides to the question, . and every state must fully discuss and investigate before attempting rules and regulations. FOR SAVING 8EED CORN. Tall-End Box Which Will Prove Handy at Husking Time. At husking time make a box one foot wide, as long as the width of the wagon box and a few Inches shallow­ er. Fasten hooks on one side to hook over the end-gate. If a worn-out buggy tire is available, suggests Prai- Box for Seed Corn Ears. rie Farmer, it would add to the strength of the box to bend it to ex­ tend from the top of the outer side of the box, under and around to the in­ ner top, terminating in the hooks, as shown in the accompanying illustra­ tion. Farm Lore. Inbreeding will quickly invite fail­ ure. Don't give a hen more egga than she can cover well. ° Breeding turkeys can be profitably kept up to the fifth year. Young poults are delicate. Protect them from storms and wet grasses. The use of quicklime on soils helps to set loose the mineral plant food locked up in the soil. Ground phosphate rock is a good material to add to barnyard manure, as the manure helps to make the phosphorus in the rock available for plants. Lime is very beneficial to many soils. The fact that lime Is exceed­ ingly abundant makes it impossible for it ever to be high in price. It is one thing that nature supplies us in superabundance. Profit on a Cov«. It costs on an average of about $25.00 to keep a cow & year. The average good cow on the farm is cap­ able of yielding her owner as high as $40.00 a year, and the average poor cow $10.00. Which are you keeping, Mr. Dairyman? The cow that yields you about $15.00 profit or the one that costs yoji $15.00 for the priv­ ilege of keeping and caring for her? It's a good thing to engage in dairy­ ing, if your bank account needs a "bracer," but be careful to have the right kind of cows. Therein lies the secret of the whole thing in being a successful dairyman. Handling Manure. Barn cellars for the storing of manure are not much in use in this country. The easiest pi in for handling the manure is to haul It out onto the land as soon as a load has accumu­ lated, unless it contains conrstalka and other materials that need time tor disintegration