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v+Vcf^ <H ̂ r . * „ ? r / * * v v y * - -*•' illMii I ii irtiifiiViiiiniii • ^ „ s, «, * ^ "* * "***' 4, * „ *.y •". J; $i IsA?'«•» PRESIDENT URGES •'"w 1 1 'H ,* III HOT MESSAGE in my mini? that St ha* somptlmes been j tor such real good can com® only by a used heedlessly and unjustly, and. that thorough and eonttautttfr supervision over c~ ,-= •'# .• r^'&>v W CORWR^ldNS ii- CAUSE OF ATTITUDE TO- •,*$& :•. WARD GOVERN MINT. EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY LAW r ** * 1 V » ' . '*"4gf' €*wrt»ve Declares At* iKeede Immediate Revision--Righting yf Injunction Abuees It • Urged. . fclJl-iV' ---^ : some of the injunctions issued Inflict grave and occasionally Irreparable wrong upon those enjoined. , . It Is all wrong to use the Injunction to prevent the entirely proper and legiti­ mate actions of labor organizations in their struggle for industrial betterment, or under the girtse of protecting property rights unwarrantably to invade the fun­ damental rights of the individual. Itts futile to concede, as we all do, the rigtit and the necessity of organised effort on the part of wage-earners and yet by in­ junctive process to forbid peaceable ac­ tion to accomplish the lawjjul objects for which they sre -orosnts«« ".j- •* uposi which their success depends. The fact that the punishment for the violation of an injunction must, to make the order effective, necessarily be summary and without the intervention of a jury makes its issuance in doubtful cases a danger­ ous practice, and in itself furnishes a reason whv the process should be sur­ rounded with safeguards to protect In­ dividuals against being enjoined from ex­ ercising their proper rights. Reasonable notice should be given the adverse party. This matter is daily becoming of graver importance and I can not too urgently recommend that the congress give care­ ful consideration to the subjept. If some way of remedying the abuses is not found the feeling of indignation against them $,mong large numbers of our citizens will tend to grow so extreme as to produce a revolt against the whole use of the process of injunction. The ultra-conserv­ atives who object to cutting out the abuses will do well to remember that If the popular feeling doets become strong manv of those upon whom they rely to defend them will be the fir3t to turn against them. Men of property can not afford to trust to anything save the spirit the Senate and House of Represen- j " i " / : 7 « f Y " V i a f v 7 " tor those very The recent decision of the sti- J ot Justice and ia r p ay, • »>- i- aretne court In regard to the employers' liability act, the experience of the Inter- Mat* Commerce Commission and of the <tep&.rt»:»nt of justice in enforcing the in­ terstate and antitrust laws, aafi the gravssly significant public men who, while It is to their in­ terest, defend all the abuses committed by capital and pose as the champions of conservatism, will, the moment they i think their tntereet changes, take the attitude ! 8UC;h a matter as this and ana the gravaly significant atmuae • d£ f- whal thev esteem popular feel- tovari. the la-* and iti» aijjumstratlon 1 . j.' encjeavc)ring for instance, e/- TtcxmW adopted by cenatn heads of y^tb the power ot the ®^t earporatuws, r«nder it de^r«b!e , ,ourts ln matters of injunction; and will ™ should he addujowsu j ^ geek t rerider nugatory the power tkm as reparlf, certain of the regions j ,sh for conte,„pt, upon which pow- Iwtween tabor and capital and £*weer. ^ ̂ existence of the orderly ad- the gcreat corporations and the public. 1 -~«r--- , v- • f ministration of justice depends. The supreme court ha# decided the em- | If js my purpose as soon as may be to I submit sowie further recommendations in i reference to our laws regulating labor ! conditions within the sphere of federal i authority. A very recent decision of the ; supreme court of the United States ren- i»red since this message was written, i in the case of Adair vs. United States, ; seemingly of far-reaching import and i of verv serious probable consequences, j has modified the previously entertained : views ort the powers of the congress in ; the premises to such a degree as to make necessary careful consideration of the jployers" liability law to be uneoastitti' ttonat because its terms apply to «n- jdoyes engaged whof!y in Ir.trastste coaa- merce as well as to employes engaged in Interstate commerce. By & substantial majority the coart holds that tie eo-n- grei» has power to deal wtth the tton in so far aa Interstate comaaerce la concerned. As regards the employers* liability l*w. I ad\ocate its immediate reenactnwot. limiting Its scope so that it shall arp-'y only to the class of cases as to w'u.-h the court says it can constitutional^" appiv. j ^nsoRs" therein filed before it is pos- kill tvol ncr He r»»N >;"i ciil**- C -1 i ^ _ •» i _i _ i V.»& *>rn«p + «-v but strengthening its provisions this scope. Interstate emp'. 'vment beisff thus covered by an adequate r.aticnai law, the Held of intrastate employment will be left to the action of the several states. With this clear derinitioR of responsibility the states will undoubtedly give to the performance of their duty Within their field the consideration the Importance of the subject demands. Compensation for Employes Hurt in Government ! also very urgently advise that a com- jparehensive act be passed providing for eeoapensation by the government t» all employes injured in the government ser­ vice. Under the present law an injured workman in the employment of the gov­ ernment has no remedy, and the entire burden of the accident falls on the help­ less man, his wife, and his young chil­ dren. This Is an outrage. It is a matter of humiliation to the nation that there Should not be on our statute books a pro- Vision to meet and partially to atone for cruel misfortune when it comes upon a man through no fault of his own while faithfully serving the public. In no oth­ er prominent industrial country In the World could Such gross injustice Occur; for almost all civilized nations have en­ acted legislation embodying the complete recognition of the principle which places the entire trade risk for Industrial acci­ dents (excluding, of course, accidents doe to wMifiit misconduct by the em­ ploye), oil the industry as represented by .the employer, which in this case is the government. In all these countries the principle applies to the government last as much as to the private employer. ' under no circumstances should the in­ jured employe or his surviving depend­ ents be required to bring suit against the government, nor should there be the re­ quirement that in order to insure re­ covery negligence fn some form on the Bart of the government should be shown. Our proposition is not to confer a right Of action upon the government employe, blit to secure Mm suitable provision against Injuries received in the course of his employment, ytne Burden of the trade risk should be placed upon the government. Exactly as the workingman Fs entitled to his wages, so he should be entitled to indemnity for the injuries sus­ tained in the natural course of his labor. The rates of compensation and the regu­ lations for its payment should be speci­ fied in the law, and the machinery for determining the amount to be paid should In each case be provided in such manner that the employe is properly represented Without expense to him. In other words, the compensation should be paid auto­ matically, while the application of the law in the first instance should be vested In the department of commerce and labor. The law should apply to all laborers, me­ chanics. and other civilian employes of the government of the .United States, Including those In the service of the Panama canal commission and of the in­ sular governments. The same broad principle which should apply to tne government should ultimately be made appli­ cable to all private employers. Where the nation has the power it should enact laws to this effect. Where the jttates aluue have the power they should enact the laws. It is to be observed that an employers' liability law does not really mean mulcting employers in danv ages. It merely throws upon the em­ ployer the burden of accident insurance against injuries which are sure to oecur. Il requires him either to bear or to dis­ tribute through insurance the loss which ean readily l>e borne when distributed, bet which, if undistributed, bears with frightful hardship upon the unfortunate Victim of accident In theory, if wages Sere always freely and fairly adjusted, ley would always include an allowance as against the risk of injury, Just as certainly as the rate of interest for*mon- ey Includes an allowance for Insurance against the risk of loss. In theory, if employes were, all experienced business men, they would employ that part of their wages which is received because of the risk of injury to seoure accident Insurance. But as a matter of fact, It ts not practical to expect that this will be done by the great body of employes. An employers' liability law mak<»s it certain that it will be done, in effect, 3>y the employer, and It will ultimately impose no real additional burden upon him. There is a special bill to which I call your attention. Secretary Taft has ur- ! .gently recommended the immediate pas­ sage of a law providing for compensation to employes of th* government injured In the work of the Isthmian canal, and that 1)00,000 be appropriated for this pur- re each year. I earnestly hope this will done; and that a special bill be passed eovering the case of Yard master Hantnn, Who was injured nearly two years ago While doing his duty. He Is now help­ less to support his wife and hie three nttle boys. » Action Urged to RfgM Abuses of the Injunction I again call your attention to the need some action in connection with the use of injunctions in labor cases. As regards the rights and wrongs of labor i* And capital, from blacklisting to boycot- • ting, the whole subject is covered In ad- fei mirable fashion by the report of the fc Anthracite Coal Strike commission, §pp.: "Which report shof.i}d serve as a chart for t» v" the guidance of both legislative and exec- ?;}/ v Utlve officers. As regards Injunctions, I fe « (Ban do little but repeat what 1 have said |<*.,, tn my last message to the cengress. Even -though it were possible, T should con- ify.'eider it most unwise to abolish the use f>. i J Of the process of injunction. It is neces- £ ,/ Sary in order that the courts may maln- tyrt ialn their own dignity and in order that ;»<•£' <hey may in effective manner check *Cv. .disorder and violence. The Judge who ^ «*es it cautiously and conservatively, but fe"* ; who, when the need arises, uses it fear- *V* . lesslv. confers the greatest service spoil & ' our people, and his preeminent useful- fei'/'-tiess an a public servant should be heartl- . Iy recognized. But there is no question sibie deSntely to decide in what way to call the matter to your attention. Asks Federal Supervision of interstate Carrier* Not only should there be action on cer­ tain laws affecting wage-earners; there should also be such action on laws bet­ ter to secure control over the great busi­ ness concerns engaged in Interstate com­ merce. and especially over the great com­ mon carriers. The Interstate Commerce Commission should be empowered to pass upton any rate or practice on Its own initiative. Moreover, ii should be provided that whenever the commission has reason to believe that a proposed ad-v vance in a rate ought not to be made without investigation, it should have au­ thority to issue an order prohibiting the advance pending examination by the commission. I would not be understood as expressing an opinion that any or even a m'ajority of these advances are improper. Many of the rates in this country have been abnormally low. The operating expenses of our railroads, notably the wages paid railroad employes, have greatly in­ creased. These and othe> causes may in any given case justify an advance in rats*, and if so the advance should be permitted and approved. But there may be, and doubtless are, cases where this is not true; and -our law should be so framed that the government, as the rep­ resentative of the whole people, can pro­ tect the individual against unlawful ex­ action for the use of these publla high­ ways. The Interstate Commerce Com­ mission Should be provided with the means to make a physical valuation of any road as to which it deems this valu­ ation necessary. In some form the fed­ eral government should exercise super­ vision over the financial operations of our interstate railroads. In no other way can justice be done between the private owners of those properties and the pub­ lic which pay their charges. When once an inflated capitalization has gone upon the market and has become fixed in value, its existence must be recoB-nlzed. As a practical matter it is then often absolutely necessary to take account of the thousands of innocent stockholders who have purchased their stock in good faith. The usual result of such inflation is therefore to impose upon the public an unnecessary but everlasting tax, while the innocent purchasers of the stock are also harmed and only a few speculators are benefited. Such wrongs when once accomplished can with dif­ ficulty be undone; but they can be pre­ vented with safety and with justice. When combinations of interstate railways must obtain government sanction; when it is no longer possible for an interstate railway to issue stock or bonds, save in the manner approved by the federal gov­ ernment; when that government makes sure that the proceeds of every stock and bond issue go into the Improvement of the property and not the enrichment of some individual or syndicate; when, whenever it becomes material for guid­ ance in the regulative action of the gov­ ernment, the physical value of one of these properties is determined and made known--there will be eliminated from railroad securities that element of un­ certainty which lends to them their spec­ ulative quality and which has contributed much to the financial stress ot the re­ cent past. Would Permit Pooling of Railroad Interests the acts of the combination in all Its parts, so as to prevent stock watering, improper forms of competition, and, in short, wrongdoing generally. The law should correct that portion of the Sher­ man Act which prohibits all combinations O' "he character above described, whether they be reasonably or unreasonable; but this should be done only as part of a general scheme to provide for this ef­ fective and thoroughgoing supervision by the national government of all the oper­ ations of the olg Interstate business con­ cerns. I on its view* are not ^ _ an assault on property, but are stren­ uous upholders of the rights of property. Under, no circumstances would we countenance attacks upon law-abiding property, or do aught but condemn those who hold up rich men as being evil men because of their riches. On the contrary, our whole effort is to insist upon con­ duct, and neither wealth nor property nor any other class distinction, as being the proper standard by which to judge the actions of men. For the honest man of great wealth we have a hearty regard. just as we T<ave a hearty regard for the sc. not know whether It is possible, j uonesi politician and honest newspaper, if possible, it is certainly desirable, j Bui pari of irm movement to uptioirt hon- S. In this connection I desire to repeat my recommendation that railways be per­ mitted to form traffic associations for the purpose of conferring about and agree­ ing upon rates, regulations, and practices affecting interstate business in w-hlch the members of the association are mutually interested. This does not mean that they should be given the right to pool their earnings or their traffic. The law re­ quires that rates shall be so adjusted as not to discriminate J&etween individuals, localities, or different species of traffic. Ordinarily, rates by all competing lines must be the same. As applied to' prac­ tical conditions, the railway operations of this country can not be conducted ac­ cording to law without what is equivalent to conference and agreement. The articles under which such associations operate should be approved by the commission; all their operations should be Open to public inspection; and the rates, regula­ tions, and practices upon which they agree should be subject to disapproval by the commission. I urge this last provision with the same earnestness that I do the others. This country provides its railway facilities by private capital. Those facilities will not be adequate unless the capital employed Is assured of just treatment and an ade­ quate return. In fixing the charges our railroads, I believe that, considering the interests of the public aline, It is bet­ ter to allow too liberal rather than too scanty earnings, for, otherwise, there is grave danger that our railway develop­ ment may not keep pace with the demand for transportation. But the fundamental idea that these railways are public high­ ways must be recognized, and they must be open to the whole public upon equal terms and upon reasonable terms. In reference to the Sherman anti-trust law, I repeat the recommendations made in my message at the opening of the pres­ ent congress, as well as in my message to the previous congress. The attempt In this taw to provide in sweeping terms against all combinations of whatever character. If technically in restraint of trade as such restraint has been defined by the courts, must necessarily be either futile or mischievous, and sometimes both. The present law makes some com­ binations illegal, although they may be useful to the country. On the other hand, as to some huge combisations which are both noxious.and illegal, even If the ac­ tion undertaken against them under the law by the government is successful, the result may he to work but a minimum benefit to the public. Even though the combination be broken up and a small measure of reform thereby produced, the real good aimed at can not be obtained. thai in connection with measures to restrain stock watering and over capital­ ization there should be meacures taken to prevent at least the grosser forms of gambling In securities and commodities, such as making large sales of what men do not possess and "cornering" the mar­ ket Legitimate purchases of commodi­ ties and of stocks and securities for in­ vestment have no connection whatever with purchases of stocks or other securi­ ties or commodities on a margin for speculative and gambling purposes. There is no moral difference between gambling at cards or in lotteries or on the race track and gambling in the stock market. One method Is just as perni­ cious to the body politic as the other in kind, and in degree the evil worked is far greater. But it is a far more difficult subject with which to deal. The great bulk of the business transacted on the exchanges is not only legitimate, but is necessary to the working of our modern industrial system, and extreme care would have to be taken not to Interfere with this business In doing away with the "bucket shop" tyjfe of operation. We should study both the successes and the failures of foreign legislators who, not- ablv in Germany, hav® worked along this line, so as not to do anything harmful. Moreover, there la a special difficulty In dealing' with thlB matter by the federal government in a federal republic like burs. But 5f It Is possible to devise a way to deal with It the effort snouid be made, even if only in a cautious and tentative way. It would seem teat tha federal government could at least act by forbidding the use of the malls, tele­ graph and telephone wires for mere gambling in stocks and futures, juat as It does In lottery transactions. Santa Fe President Hid Guilty Knowledge of Rebating I Inclose herewith a statement Jpsued by the chief of the bureau of corpora­ tions (Appendix 1), in answer to certain statements (which I also inclose), made by and on behalf of the agents of the Standard Oil corporation (Appendix 2), and a letter of the attorney-general (Ap­ pendix 3), containing as answer to cer­ tain statements, also inclosed, rmde by the president of the Santa Fe Railway Company (Appendix 4). The Standard Oil corporation and the railway company have both been found guilty by the courts of criminal misconduct; both have been sentenced to pay heavy fines; and each has issued and published broadcast these statements, asserting their inno­ cence and denouncing as improper the action of the courts and juries in con­ victing them of guilt. These statements are very elaborate, are very ingenious, and are untruthful in important par­ ticulars. The following letter and ih- closure from Mr. Heney sufficiently illus­ trate the methods of the high officials of the Santa re and show the utter falsity of their plea of ignorance, the similar plea of the Standard Oil being equally without foundation:- "Department of Justice, Office of the United States Attorney, District of, Ore­ gon. "Portland, January 11, 1908. "The President, Washington, D. C. "Dear Mr, .President: I understand that Mr. Ripley, of the Atchison, Topeka $ Santa Fe Railway system, has comment­ ed with some severity upon your attitude toward the payment of rebates by certain transcontinental railroads and that he has declared that he personally never knew anything about any rebates being granted by his road. . .1 in­ close vou herewith copy of a letter from Edward Chambers, general freight traffic manager of the Atchison. Topeka & San­ ta Fe Railway system, to Mr. G. A. Davidson, auditor of the same company, dated February 27, 1908. ... "This letter does not deal with Inter­ state shipments, but the constitution of the state of California makes the pas*? ment of rebates by railroads a felony, and Mr. Ripley has apparently not been above the commission of crime to secure business. You are at liberty to use this lnclosure in any way that you think it can be of service to yourself or the p u b l i c . . . . "Sincerely yours, "FRANCIS J. HENEY." "Ban Francisco, February it, 1907. "Tloo*' Gl?" T V»*nr1 von o of papers covering the movement of fuel oil shipped by the Associated Oil Com­ pany over our line from January 1, 1906, up to and including November 15, 1906. "We agreed with the Associated Oil Co.'s negotiations with Mr. Ripley, Mr. Wells and myself, that in consideration of their making us a special price on oil for company use, which Is covered by a contract, and the further consideration that we would take a certain quantity, thev would in turn ship from Bakersfield over our lin6 to San Francisco Bay points a certain minimum number of bar­ rels of fuel oil at rate of 25 cents per barrel from Bakersfield, exclusive of the switching charge. "These statements cover the movement except that they have Included Stockton, which is not correct, as it is not a bay point and could not be reached as con­ veniently by water. "We have paid them on account of this movement $7,239 which should be deducted from the total of movement shown in the attached papers. "I wish you would arrange to make up a statement, check the same, and refund to the Associated Oil Company down to the basis of 25 cents per barrel from Ba­ kersfield where they are the shippers, re­ gardless of who is consignee, as all their fuel oil is sold delivered. The reason •for making this deal in addition to what I have stated is that the Associated Oil Company have their own boais arid carry oil from fields controlled by themselves along the coast near San L.uls Obispo to San Francisco at a much lower cost than the special rate we have made them and in competition with the Union Oil Com­ pany and the Standard Oil Company, it was. necessary for them to • sell at the San Francisco Bay points on the basis of the cost of water transportation from the coast fields. They figured they could only afford to pay us the 25 cents per barrel if by doing this they sold our companv a certain amount of fuel oil, otherwise the business covered by the attached papers would have come In by boat from the coast fields. "I am writing this up completely so that there may be in the papers a history of the reasons whv this arrangement was made. I wish you would go ahead and make the adjustment as soon as possible, as the Associated Ol'* Company are very anxious to have the matter closed up. The arrangement was canceled on No­ vember 16th at a conference between Mr, Ripley, Mr. Wells, Mr. Porter, and my­ self. . , "Yours truly, "EDWARD CHAMBERS." "Shipments-Associated Oil Company, "Mr. O. A. Davidson, "Auditor, Los Angeles." The attacks by these great corporations on the administration's actions have been given a wide circulation throughout the country, in the newspapers and other­ wise, by those writers and speakers who, consciously or unconsciously, act as the representatives of predatory wealth--of the wealth accumulated on a giant scale by all forms of iniquity, ranging from the oppression of wageworkers to unfair and unwholesome methods of crushing out competition, and to defrauding the public by stock jobbing and the manipu­ lation of securities. Certain wealthy men of this stamp, whose conduct should be abhorrent to every man of ordinarily de­ cent conscience, and who commit the hideous wrong of teaching our young men that phenomenal business success must ordinarily be based on dishonesty, have during the last few months made It apparent" that they have banded to­ gether to work for a reaction. Their en­ deavor is lo overthrow and discredit all who honestly administer the law. to pre­ vent any additional legislation which would check and restrain them, and to secure if possible a freedom from all re­ straint which will permit every unscru­ pulous wrongdoer to do what he wishes unchecked provided he has enough mon­ ey The only way to counteract the movement in which these men are en­ gaged is to make clear to the public just what thev have done In the past and Just what they are seeking to accomplish In the present. esty must be a movement to frown on dishonesty, We attack only the corrupt men of wealth, who find in the purchased politician the most efficient Instrument of corruption and in the purchased newspa­ per the mo# efficient defender of cor­ ruption. Our main quarrel is net with these agents and representatives of the interests. They derive their chief power from the great sinister offenders who stand behind them. They are but pup­ pets who move as the strings arel pulled. It is not the puppets, but the strong cun­ ning men and the mighty forces working for evil behind and through the puppets, with whom we have tp deal. We seek to control law-defying wealth; in the first place to prevent its doing dire evil to the republic, and in the next place to avoid the vindictive and dreadful radi­ calism which, if left uncontrolled. It is certain in the end to arouse. Sweeping attacks upon all property, upon all men of means, without regard to whether they do well or ill. would sound the death- knell of the republic; and such attacks become Inevitable if decent citizens per­ mit those rich men whose lives are cor­ rupt and evil to domineer in swollen pride, unchecked* and unhindered, over the destinies of this country. We act In no vindictive spirit, and we are no re­ specters of persons. If a labor union does wrong, we oppose it as firmly as we oppose a corporation . which docs wrong; and we stand equally stoutly for the rights of the man of wealth ana fof the rights of the wage-worker. We seek to protect the property of every man who acts honestly, of every corporation that represents wealth honestly accumulated and honestly used. We seek to "top wrongdoing, and we desire to punish the wrong doers only so far as is necessary to achieve this end. Campaign of Lawbreakers Against Government's Policy There are ample material rewards for tliose who serve with fidelity the mam­ mon of unrighteousness; but they are dearly paid for by the ppople who per­ mit their representatives, whether in pub­ lic life, in the press, or in the colleges where their young men are taught, to preach and to practice that there is one law for the rich and another for the poor. The amount of money the representatives of certain great moneyed Interests are willing to spend can be gauged by their recent publication broadcast throughout the papers of this country, from the At­ lantic to the Pacific, of huge advertise­ ments attacking with envenomed bitter­ ness the administration's policy of warring agatnst successful dishonesty, and by their circulation of pamphlets and books prepared with the same object; while they likewise push the circulation of the writings and speeches of men who, whether because they are misled, or be­ cause, seeing the light, they yet are will­ ing to sin against the light, serve these their masters of great wealth to the cost of the plain people. The books and pampklets, the controlled newspapers, the speeches by public or private men to which I refer, are usually and especially in the interest of the Standard Oil Trust and of certain notorious railroad com­ binations, but they also defend other in­ dividuals and corporations of great wealth that have been guilty of wrong­ doing. It is only rarely tthat the men re­ sponsible for the wrongdoing themselves speak or write. Normally they hire oth­ ers to do their bidding, or find others wlio will do It without hire. From the rail­ road-rate law to the pure-food law, every measure for honesty in business that has been passed during the last six years has been opposed by these men on Its pas­ sage and in its administration with every resource that bitter and unscrupulous craft could suggest and the command of almost unlimited money secure. But for the last year the attack has been made with most bitterness upon the actuas ad­ ministration of the law, especially through the department of Justice, but also tfcrough the Interstate Commerce Commission and the bureau of corpora­ tions. The extraordinary violence of the assaults upon our policy contained in these speeches, editorials, articles, ad­ vertisements, tj.nd pamphlets, and the enormous sums of money spent in these various ways, give a fairly accurate measure of the anger dad terror which our public actions have caused the cor­ rupt men of vast wealth to feel in the very marrow of their being. The attack is sometimes made openly against us for enforcing the law, and sometimes with a certain cunning, for not trying to en­ force it in some other way than that which experience shows to be practical. One of the favorite methods of the lat­ ter class of assailant is to attack the ad­ ministration for not procuring the im­ prisonment Instead of the fine of offend­ ers under these anti-trust laws. The man making this assault is usually either a prominent lawyer or an editor who takes his policy from the financiers and his arguments from their attorneys. If the former, he has defended and advised many wealthy malefactors, and he knows well that, thanks to the advice of lawyers like himself, a certain kind of modern corporation has been turned into an ad­ mirable instrument by which to render it well-nigh impossible to get at the head of the corporation, at the man who^is really most guilty. When we are able to put the real wrongdoer in prison, this is what we strive to do; this is what we have actually done with some very wealthy criminals, who, moreover, repre­ sented that most baneful of all alliances, the alliance between the corruption of organized politics and the corruption of high finance. This is what we have done in the Gaynor and Greene case, in the case of the misapplication of funds in connection with ccrtaln groat banks in Chicago, in the land-fraud cases, where, as in other cases likewise, neither the highest political position nor the posses­ sion of great wealth, has availed to save the offenders from prison. The federal government does scourge sin; it does bid sinners fear; for it has put behind the bars with impartial severity, the powerful financier, the powerful politician, the rich land thief, the rich contra', tor--all, no matter how high their station, against whom criminal misdeeds can be proved. Ail their wealth and power can not pro­ tect them. But It often happens that the effort to imprison a given defendant is certain to be futile, while it Is possible to fine him or to fine the corporation of which he is head; so that, in other words, the only way of punishing the wrong is by fining the corporation, unless we are content to proceed personally against the minor agents. The corporation lawyers to whom I refer and their employers are the men mainly responsible for this Btate of things, and their responsibility is shared with all who ingeniously oppose the passing of Just and effective lawa, or who fail to execute them when they have been put on the statute books. Much is said, In these attacks upon the policy of the present administra­ tion. about the rights of "innocent stockholders." That stockholder is not innocent who voluntarily purchases stock in a corporation whos« method: and management he knows to be cor rupt; and stockholders are bound to try to secure honest management, or else are estopped from complaining about the proceedings the government finds necessary In order to compel the corporation to obey the law. There has been In the past grave wrong done in­ nocent stockholders by overcapitaliza­ tion. stock-watering, stock-jobing, stock manipulation. This we have sought to prevent, first, by exposing the thing done arid punishing the offender had been vlo- nding the pas- ke unlaw- e future, nd editors thy for hen a ; ptin- fr,in­ fo y when any existing lated; second, by n sage of laws whici ful similar praof The public rrnn, who loudly procl the "innocent s great law-defying ished, are the first tic vehemence again law to put a stop to t are the real and ultimat damage alike to the st the public. The apoiogl ful dishonesty always t any effort to punish or the ground that any su "unsettle business." It by their acts have unse> and the very men raisin hundreds of thousands „ Sincerity Gives Power. Tnere is nothing which will add so mucii to one's power as the conscious- mess of being absolutely sincere, genu­ ine. IT your life is a perpetual lie, if yon are conscious that you are not ; what you pretend to be, you cannot w fee strong. There is a restraint, a per- :'-petuai fighting against the truth going on within you, a struggle which saps j»ur energy and warps your conduct, #ays Home Chat. Sham and ahoddy are powerless; only the genuine and ithe true are worth while. "t - - •" . : :'»v I' Mule Resented Tail Pulling. Mistaking the tail of a mule for an electric light pull in the darkest cor­ ner of his barn, John McCarthy of Atlantic City, N. J., gave the supposed contact line a sharp jerk. The mule responded to the pull with both hoofs. As a result of the mistake McCarthy was taken to the hospit&i with the marks of the mule's hoofs on his face and side. He barely escaped being stamped to death by jrolling out of reach after b* bad been knocked down. They Bo^h Went. First Mother (reading letter from son at college)--Henry's letters always send me to the dictionary. Second Mother (resignedly)--That's nothing; Jack's always send me to the bank.--Puck. „ . f , • • Aa Might Have Bean Expected. "With one exception, everything I've put money into has gone up la the air." "What was the exception.?" •An airship."--Ute. |\ * •; ,V. . • V,, , During the Mrs. Houlihan (so saw ye till th' day be nit marriage! Mr. Houlihan--An hadn't seen me till Puck. Ttw Uses of Selene Stella--How did you pose? Bella--Introduced statement that he cou new heart.--N. Y. Sun. htch inst who pend n se­ tt ever nforch fsrisht ye fther!-- ffi WO» ex a era ybody earing, by speech, editorial, book, or pamphlet, the defense by misstate­ ments of what they have done; and yet when public servants correct their misstatements by telling the truth they declaim against them for breaking silence, lest "values be depreciated." They have hurt honest business men, honest working men, honost farmers; and now they clamor against the truth being told. . The keynote of all these attacks upon the effort to secure honesty In business and In politics Is well ex­ pressed in brazen protests against any effort for the moral regeneration of the business w*rld. on the ground that It la unnatural, unwarranted and injurious, and that business panic is the neces­ sary penalty for such effort to secure business honesty. The morality of such a plea is precisely as great as if made on behalf of the men caught in a gambling establishment when that gambling establishment Is raided by the police. If such words mean any­ thing they mean that those whose sen­ timents they represent stand against the effort to bring about a moral re­ generation of business, which will pre­ vent a repetition of the insurance, banking and street railroad scandals in New York; a repetition of the Chicago & Alton deal; a repetition of the com­ bination between certain professional politicians, certain professional labor leaders, and certain big financiers, from the disgrace of which San Fran­ cisco has Just been rescued; a repeti­ tion of the successful effort by the Standard Oil people to crush out every competitor, to overawe the common carriers, and to estaMish a monopoly which treats the puVllc with a con­ tempt which the public deserves so long as it permits men of such prin­ ciples and sentiments to avow and act on them with Impunity. The outcry against stopping dishonest practices among wrongdoers who happen to be wealthy Is precisely similar to the out­ cry raised against every effort for cleanliness- ana decency in city gov­ ernment. because, forsooth, it will "hurt business." The outcry is made agatnst the department of jus­ tice for prosecuting the heads of colos­ sal corporations that has been made against the men who in San Francisco have prosecuted with impartial sever­ ity the wrongdoers among business men. public officials and labor leaders alike. The principle is the same in the two cases. Just as the blackmail­ er and bribe giver stand on the same evil eminence of infamy, so the man who makes an enormous fortune by corrupting legislatures and municipal­ ities and fleecing his stockholders and the public, stands on the same moral level with the creature who fattens on the blood money of the gambling house and the saloon. Moreover, in the last analysis, both kinds of corruption are far more intimately connected than would at first sight appear; the wrong­ doing is at bottom the same. Corrupt business and corrupt politics act and react with ever increasing debase­ ment, one on the other; the corrupt head of a corporation and the corrupt labor leader are both ia the same de­ gree the enemies of honest corpora­ tions and honest labor unions; the re­ bate taker, the franchise trafficker, the manipulator of securities, the pur­ veyor and protector of vice, the black­ mailing ward boss, the ballot-box stuff- er. the demagogue, the mob leader, the hired bully, and man-killer--all alike work at the same web of corruption, and all alike should be abhorred by honest men. The "buslnesa" which is hurt by the movement for honesty Is the kind of business which, in the long run, it pays the country to have hurt. It is the kind of business which has tended to make the very name "high finance" a term of scandal to which all honest American men of business should Join in putting an end. The special plead­ ers for business dishonesty, in denounc­ ing the present administration for en­ forcing the law against the huge and corrupt corporations which have defied the law, also denounce it for endeavor­ ing to secure sadly needed labor legis­ lation, such as a far-reaching law mak­ ing employers liable for injuries to their employes. "Business" Hurt by Movement for Honesty Should Be Crushed It Is meet and fit that the apologists for corrupt wealth should oppose every effort to relieve weak and helpless peo­ ple from crushing misfortune brought upon them by injury in the business from which they gain a bare livelihood. The burden should be distributed. It is hypocritical baseness to speak of a girl who works In a factory where the dangerous machinery is unprotected as having the 'right" freely to contract to expose herself to dangers to life and limb. She has no alternative but to suffer want or else to expose herself to such dangers, and when she loses a hand or i3 otherwise maimed or disfig­ ured for life, it is a moral wrong that the whole burden of the risk necessarily incidental to the business should be placed with crushing weight upon her weak shoulders, and all who profit by her Work escape scot-free. This is what opponents of a just employers' liability law advocate; and it is con­ sistent that they should usually also advocate immunity for those most dan­ gerous members of tMBfcoriminal class the criminals of great wealth. Our opponents have recently been •bitterly criticising the two judges re­ ferred to in the accompanying commu­ nications from the Standard Oil Com­ pany and the Stata Fe railroad for hav­ ing imposed heavy fines on these two corporations; and yet these same crit­ ics of these two judges exhaust them­ selves in denouncing the most re­ spectful and cautious discussion of the official action of a judge which re­ sults in immunity to wealth and power­ ful wrongdoers, or which renders nuga­ tory a temperate effort to better the conditions of life and work among those of ror fellow countrymen whose need is greatest. Most certainly it be­ hooves us all to treat with the utmost respect the high office of judge; and our Judges, as a whole, are brave and upright men. Reapeci for the law must go hand in hand with respect for the judges; and, as a whole, it is true now as in the past, that the Judges stand in character and service above all other men among their fellow- servants of the public. There is all the greater need that tha few who fail in this great office, who fall below this high standard af integrity, of wisdom, of sympathetie understanding and of courage, should have their eyes opened to the needs of their countrymen. A judge who on the bench either truckles to the mob and shrinks from sternly repressing violence and disorder, or bows down before a corporation: who faiVs to stand up valiantly for the rights of property on the one hand, or on the other by misuse of the proeess of injunction or by his attitude toward all measures for the betterment of the conditions of labor, makes the wage- worker feel with bitterness that the courts are hostile t® him; or who falls to realize that all public servants in their several stations must strive to stop the abuses of the criminal rich-- such a man performs an even worse service to the body politic than the legislator or executive who goes wrong. The judge who does his full duty well Stands higher, and renders a better service to the people, than any other public servant: he Is entitled to great­ er respect; and if he is a true servant of the people, if he is upright, wise and fearless, he will unhesitatingly disre­ gard even the wishes of the people If they conflict with the eternal princi­ ples of right as against wrong. He must serve the people; but he must serve his own consciemce flrat. All honor to such a judge. The opponents of the measures we champion single out now one and now another measure for especial attack, and speak as if the movement In which we are engaged was purely economic. It bas a large economic side, but it is funda­ mentally an ethical movement. It is not a movement to be completed In one year, or two or three years; it ts a movement which must be presevered In until the spirit which lies behind It sinks deep Into the haart and the conscience of the whole people. It Is always important to choose the right means to achieve our purpose, but it is eves more important to keep this purpose clearly before us; and this purpose is to secure natienal honesty In business and in politics. We do not subscribe to the cynical belief that difhonesty and unfair dealing are essen­ tial to business success, and are to bb condoned when the success Is moderate and applauded when the success is great. The methods by which the Standard OH people and those engaged in the other combinations of which I have spoken above have achieved great fortunes aa* only he justified by the advocacy oi .a system of morality which would ape. justify every form of criminality on_ tne part of a labor union, and every form of violence, corruption, and fraud, rrQMa murder to bribery and ballot-box stuff­ ing in •politics. We are trying to secure equality of opportunity for all; and the struggle for honesty is the same whetner it ia made on behalf of one eet of or of another. i Laws Must Continue to Ba Administered with Even Hand The laws muni in the future be ad* Kvinistci cu they are now beuig «»»••- ministered, so that the department Ol Justice may continue to be, what It now is, in very fact the department of jus­ tice, where so far as our ability permits justice is meted out with an even nana to great and small, rich and poor, weaK and strong. Moreover, there should d« no delay in supplementing the laws now on the statute books by the enactment ot further legislation as outlined in tn® message I sent to congress on Its assem­ bling. Under the existing laws, much, very much, has been actually acc®I7r plished during the past six years, ana u has been shown by actual expenenoe that they can be enforced against tne wealthiest corporation and the r' and most powerful manager or manipu­ lator of that corporation ,as r!gor^1ifL^ and1 fearlessly as against the humoleisi offender. Above all. they have been enforced against the very wrongdoers and agents of wrongdoers who have ior so many years gone scot free and noutea the laws with impunity, against K'eat law-defying corporations of im'n wealth, which, until within the last hair dozen years, have treated themselves ana have expected others to treat t!ien; ,/V: being beyond and abbve all posstoie check from law. 1 . It. is especially necessary to secure to the representatives of the national gov­ ernment full power to deal with the great corporations engaged in Interstate com­ merce, and above al5s with the great in­ terstate common carriers. Our people should clearly recognize that while tt.ere are difficulties in any course of conauct to be followed In dealing with these t,reat corporations, these difficulties must oe faeed, and one of three courses foliowea. The first course is to abandon all ef­ fort to oversee and control their actions In the interest of the general ptibuc and to permit a return to the utter lacic of control which would obtain If tney were left to the common law. I «o jioi for one moment believe that our peop would tolerate this position. The ex traordinary growth of modern ind^u^rial Ism has rendered the common law, wwen grew up under and was adapted to deal wth totally different conditions. Ini many respects inadequate to deal with the new conditions. These new conditions make it necessary to, shackle cunning as in past we have shackled force. The vast individual and corporate fortunes, the vast combinations of captal, which nave marked the development of our Industrial system, create new conditions, and n -ces sitate a change from the old.a"^u(ir®iea the state and nation toward the rules regulating the acquisition and untram meled business use of proi^rty. ln oraer both that property may be adequately protected, and that at the same time those who hold it may be prevented from wrongdoing. v The second and third courses are to have the regulation undertaken either by the nation or by the states. ot course in any event both the national government and the several state gov­ ernments must do each its par*- each can do a certain amount that tne other cannot do, while the only really satisfactory results must be obtaineo by the representatives of the national and state governments working heart­ ily together within their respective spheres. But in my Judgment thoroughgoing and satisfactory c»n- trol can in the end only be obtained by the action of the national government, for almost all the corporations ol enormous wealth--that is. the corpora­ tions which It is especially desirable to control--are engaged in Interstate com­ merce, and derive their power ana tkeir Importance not from that por­ tion of their business which is intra­ state, but from the interstate business. It is not easy always to decide just where the line of demarcation between the two kinds of business falls. This line must ultimately be drawn by the federal courts. Much of the effort to secure adequate control of the great corporations by state action has been wise and effective, but much of it has been neither; for when the effort is made to accomplish by the action ox the state what can only be accom­ plished by the action of the nation, the result can, only be disappointing, and In the end the law will probably be de­ clared unconstitutional. So, likewise, in the national arena, we who believe in the measures herein advocated are hampered and not aided by the extrem- that it "would "either be useless or else would cause more mischief than . it would remedy. We have just passed through two months of acute financial stress. At any such time it is a sad fact that entirely innocent peopl© suffer from no fault of their own; and every one must feel the keehast sympathy for the large body of honest business men, of hon­ est investors, of honest wageworkers, who suffer because involved in a crash for which they are in no way respon­ sible. At such a time there is a natu­ ral tendency on the part of many men to feel gloomy and frightened at the outlook; but there is no justification for this feeling. There is no nation so absolutely sure of ultimate success as ours. Of course we shall suc­ ceed. Ours Is a nation of masterful energy, with a continent for its do­ main, and it feels within its veins the thrill which comes to those who know that they possess the future. We are not cast down by the fear of failure. We are upheld by the confident hope of ultimate triumph. The wrongs that exist are to be corrected^ but they in no way justify doubt as to the final out­ come, doubt as to the great material prosperity of the future, or of the lofty spiritual life which is to be built upon prosperity as a foundation. No misdeeds done in the present must be permitted to shroud from our eyes the glorious future of the nation; but be­ cause of this very fact it behooves us never to swerve from our resolute pur­ pose to cut out wrongdoing and uphold what is right. I do not for a moment believe that the actions of this administration have brought on business distress;, so far as this is due to local and not world-wide causes, and to the actions of any par­ ticular Individuals, it is due to the specu­ lative folly and flagrant dishonesty of a few men of great wealth, who seek to shield themselves from the effects of their own wrongdoing by ascribing its results to the actions of those who have sought to put a stop to the wrongdoing. But if It were true that to cut out rotten­ ness from the body politic meant a mo­ mentary check to an unhealthy seeming prosperity, I should not for one moment hesitate to put the knife to the corrup­ tion. On behalf of all our people, on behalf no less of the honest man of means than of the honest man who earns each day's livelihood by that day's sweat of his brow, it is necessary to insist upon honesty tn business and politics alike, In all walks of life, in big things and in little things; upon just and fair dealing as between man and man. Those who de­ mand this are striving for the right In the spirit of Abraham Lincoln when he 88"Fondly do we hope, fervently do we nray, that this mighty scourge may pasa away Yet, if God wills that It continue until all the wealth piled by the bonds­ men's two hundred and fifty years of un­ requited ton shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said: 'The judgments of the I^ord are true ana righteous altogether.' "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in. In the work we of this generat^n ere In there is, thanks be to the Almlgnty, no danger of bloodshed and1 no use, fo HEARD IN BOSTON. ,yrv- V Aunt Hester--Did 'oo play vi--i«| games at the party? Emerson Highhed--Well, they par« ticipated in osculatory pastimes, which I consider a rather unlnter®afc» in« amd juvenile diversion. * f IT SEEMED INCURABLE t; Body Raw with Eczema---Discharged from Hospitals as Hopeless---GutU J • ;M cura Remedies Cured Him* \ ̂ the* age of three months rtvim fifteen years old, my son Owen's Uf« was made intolerable by eczema in its worst form. In spite of treatments the disease gradually spread until nearly every part ol his body was quite raw.- He tiaed tc tear himself dreadfully ia his sleep and the agony he went through is quite beyond words. The regimental doctor pronounced the case hopeless. We had him In hospitals four times and he -waB pronounced otae of the worst cases ever admitted. From each he was discharged as in­ curable. We kept trying remedy after remedy, but had gotten almost past hoping for a cure. Six months ago we purchased a set of Cuticura Remedies. The result was truly mar­ velous and to-day he is perfectly cure4< Mrs. Lily Hedge, Camblewell Green,, England, Jan. 12. 1907." * - The Retort Venomous. *8o this is your widely advertised dollar table d'hote dinner, is it?" said the indignant would-be diner, as he pushed aside an entree which he could not masticate. "Why, this is the last place in the World I would recom* mend to friends." "Don't blame you, sir," said th® sad-faced waiter, "Send your ene­ mies here." * ' jt ' "i ' > V, ^ . g|8f :..'V M <$• "r « ' • With a smooth Iron and Starch, you can launder your1 shirt­ waist just as well at home as the steam laundry can; it will have tiie proper stiffness and finish, there will be less wear and tear of the goods, and it will be a positive pleasure to use a Starch that does not stick to t&o iron. .... . . Oysters R In. .. . <• , V Yes, sir; we can dm jam an oyster stew. Oysters are In season * * " * now. Guest--Well, see that a few of them get into the stew.--Philadelphia Ledger. Easy Money for men and women who will give whole or spare time selling our Family Health Tablets, Liniment and Salye. No experience necessary. Big profits. Exclusive territory. Vosena Company, 1170 16th St., Washington, D. C. First Postoffice Scheme. The first postoffice scheme was a private enterprise and wa?. rated about 1464. .? '• Brown's Bronchial Trochee- ^ ^ have a world-wide reputation for cur­ ing coughs, sore throats and relieving bronchitis and asthma. The trouble with a Jealous woman is that she can't keep the lid on. j , ONLY ONE "BKOMO QUININE" * > That 1s LAXATIVE BHOMO QDIS1NB. Lorfrftf the signature of Jfl, W. GKOVTS. Used the World ever to Cure a Cold i> One Day. So. A virtuous deed should never b# delayed.--Alexander Dow. It's the judgment of many smokers that Lewis' Single Binder 5c cigar equals in quality the best lOe cigar. Experience begotten of matrimony is a great teacher. - Lv.v/r/S: BsEt.ir.v the sword; but..thereJs^grave^n^d^ef qualities shown a^tke by the men of the north and the v™,! when" greed" and trickery and the day be trampled under feet by those who fight for the righteousness that «xaltel^HftEoroflRB ROOSEVELT THE WHITE HOUSE, January 31, 1908. Hopeless. "Now don't ask. me another question. Little boys should not be too inquisi­ tive?" "Why mustn't I ask you any more, daddy? And what's inquisitive?"-- Judge. A Martyr. • • • '"Mam have I got to take a bath to-night?" "I'm afraid you have, my dear?" "But I haven't done anyUj||| *U | the week to deserve it"--Life." , Commander of Archers. In Scotland there is a picturesque office known as the marshal of Gentle Archers. The holder is commander of the ancient Bodyguard of Archers, who still appear in London green, and are armed with the old-time bow. Reassuring. . Patient (to. dentist)---I iny? This gas is absolutely safe, isn't It? Dentist--Don't worry, sir. In these Wsrliproot that tydia *.!»!*_ ham's VesetableCompoimd saves W; woman from surgical operations. |f , Mrs. S. A. Williams, of Gardiner, ^ Maine, writes: , .£ ^, "I was a greatr sufferer from female troubles, ana Lydia E. Pinkham's Vege» ' - . • - ii1 f f- K.r' table Compound restored me to health in three months, after my physician declared that an operation was abso­ lutely necessary." Mrs. Alvina Sperling of 154 CSey- bourne Ave, Chicago, 111., writes: "1 suffered from female troubles, a tumor and much inflammation. Two of the best doctors in Chicago decided that an operation was necessary to save my life. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound entirely cured me without an operation," FACTS FOR SICK WOMEN. For thirty years Lydia E. Pink­ ham's Vegetable Compound, made from roots and herbs, has been, the standard remedy for female ills. and has positively cured thousands of women who have been troubled with displacements, inflammation, uleera- tion, fibroid tumors, irregularities, , „ T periodic pains, backache, that bear- >, fng-down feeling, flatulency, indiges- tion, dizziness, 01* nervous, prostration. Why don't you try it ? Mrs* Pmkham invites all tick: xromen to writ# her for fMtvfofe ** ®. £ he has guided thousands, /. * , . h •• "•' *7 ; 1. health. Address, Lynn, Mas*..' , V " l - S i JiM ?, '• i J i. V. :,v vSSj " VV 'A/; JSC* : H