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p&RlSCOP. \\\\\\\\l\fi^fc £)/v / r/c~ | .SALMON 1 &X,&Vi' 1 • 2*"'i-HFjAi and the attack failed only because the screw by which the torpedo was to be attached to the Eagle's bottom was not sharp enough. Robert Pulton's experiments In France and America (1795-1812) demonstrated that a vessel could be built which could descend to any given depth and reascend at will. Plunging mechanism was devised about the middle of the eighteenth cen­ tury, but Pulton developed the vertical and hori zontal rudders and provided for the artificial sup­ ply of air. A form of periscope existed in 1692 and an Improved kind was patente'd in 1774; in 1854 Davy still further developed it. Phillips' wooden boat on Lake Erie was crushed by the wmm m- M •tV-v. :<h' : i . /•. ' • rlf Bar1 •_•***" a*** VfTTJE SAM'S n«we*t and most Interesting subma­ rine boat the 3»lmnn. is an object of interna- tlon&l interest just now and to hailed cm both sides of the Atlantic the most remarkable submarine boat in the world. This fame is due to the Salmon's recent record-breaking cruise from the Atlantic coast to Ber­ muda and return--a deep-sea voyage such as has had no parallel in the his­ tory of uuder-water craft The cruise to Bermuda was not only the first cruise by a submarine to port or out of sight of land, but it was the longest virtually continuous run ever attempted by such a vessel. Tlie total distance covered aggregated nearly 1,700 miles and. as it happened, the little vessel encountered very rough weather during a considerable part of the trip. Not only did this nautical excur­ sion establish a new record tor ves­ sels of the American navy, but it sur­ passed all foreign achievements. The best performances previously record" ed by American vessels of this type was found in the run of the subma­ rine Viper from Cape Lookout to Ann­ apolis, Md., a distance of about 483 knots, and the cruise of a flotilla oz submarines from New York to Annap­ olis, a distance of 386 knots. Among the foreign performances of such ves- m!« thoro *tgnd«^ rmt the record of OmCtRS English submarines of about the same size as the Salmon, which made the coastwise run from Dover to Dundee, a distance of 512 miles, and the famous 'performance of the French submarine Papin, which on one occasion made a cruise of 1,200 miles. However, this French achievement Is overshadowed by the Salmon's cruise because not only was the distance of the latter much greater, but it was an open sea performance, whereas the Papin cruised along the coast, and, finally, the French vessel is much larger than the uew American record-breaker, the Papin be­ ing of 550 tons displacement, whereas the Salmon is of but 320 tons displacement. The Salmon, alike to moat of the submarines which have lately been added to the United States navy, is a development of the original Holland type of submarine which first gave the Americans the "lead in this class of shipbuilding. The Salmon Is 135 feet in length by 14 feet beam and is a twin-screw boat, being driven on the surface by two gasoline engines of 300 horse­ power each and propelled when submerged by electrical power supplied from storage batteries. By way of fulfilling her mission of destruction tine little vessel has four torpedo tubes equipped to fire the latest type of torpedo--that is, a tor­ pedo 17 feet in length and 18 inches in ftiameter, having a radius of 4,000 yards and carrying an explosive charge of 200 pounds of guncotton. On her cruise to Bermuda the Salmon carried a crew of 21 men, but it was demonstrated on this cruise that under actual service conditions such a submarine can be operated, in so far as navi­ gation is concerned, by five men--two on the bridge and three in the engine room. The Salmon is capable of a speed of 14 knots per bour when running awash or on the surface of the water and 12 knotB per hour when running wholly submerged. Only three minutes is re­ quired to change froA surface running by gaso­ line engines to submerged running by electrical power. The vessel has, on trial, dived to a depth of more than 200 feet without any sign of strain or leakage being manifest anywhere on her steel cigar-shaped body. A unique feature of the equip­ ment of an up-to-date submarine such as the Salmon, is a doublo periscope whereby, when the vessel Is wholly submerged the officers on board can observe all that is going on at the surface of the water. Electrical ranges are pro­ vided for cooking the meals of those on board, and there is a reserve supply of 4,800 cubic feet of air, contained In 28 tanks, so that if need be the vessel could be "sealed up" tight and remain under the surface cf the water for one or two days and nights without those on board having any communication with the outside world or coming to the surface for fresh air. On the Salmon's Bermuda cruise there were on board, in addition to the officers of the American navy, CapL Arture Cuevas of the Chilean navy, who went for the purpose of reporting to his govern­ ment on the behavior of the vessel. v. ' " , v: ! -;•» r v'- ^ALMOtf /7r //£=-/? £>OCK. Modern submarine boats arc cf two types, the submerged and the submerglble. The submerged when in light cruising condition moves with only a small percentage of the hull above the water; the submerglble cruises on the surface much like an ordinary torpedo |pat, which it resembles externally. The difference in principle between the two types is slight, but in construction de­ tails it Is very marked. The submerged boats are usually nearly cylindrical with pointed ends, the general shape being much like that of a Whitehead torpedo. Submergence Is effected by admitting water to the ballast tanks or by means of Inclined rudders, or both. Submerglble boats have two hulls, one inside the other. The outer hull resembles closely that of the ordinary tor­ pedo boat, but has as few projections as possible rising from the general outline, in order to pre­ sent a smooth surface when submerged. Inside this there is a second hull of nearly circular cross-section and as large as the shape of the outer boat permits. To efTect submergence water first admitted to the space between the hulls, and this brings the boat to the "awash" condi­ tion. Further submergence is effected by permit­ ting the ballast tanks to fill. When or by whom was built the first subma­ rine boat will probably never be known. It Is said that Alexamifr the Great was interested in submarine navigation, while subaqueous attacks of vessels was studied at least as early as the thirteenth or fourteenth century. M. Delpeuch states that some English ships were destroyed In 1374 by fire carried under water. In the early part of the seventeenth century submarine boats were numerous, and in 1624 Cornelius Van Drebbel exhibited to King James I. on the Thames a submarine boat of his own design. By 1727 no less than fourteen types of submarines had been patented in England alone. In 1774 Day began experiments with a submarine boat at Plymouth, England, losing his life in the Becond submergence trial. In the following year David Bushnell built his first boat, with which Sergeant Lee attacked H. M. 8. Eagle in New York harbor. Lee actually got under the ship. water pressure, and the same fata befell Bauer's iron boat Plongeur-Marin at Kiel in 1850. In 1863 McClintock and Howgat6 built a semi-submarine hand-propelled boat for the attack on the federal fleet, but it sank four times, each time drown­ ing the entire crew of eight men. In the same year several larger boats propelled by engines were commenced In Europe, and these at Inter­ vals were followed by others designed by Hov- gaard, Goubet, Zede, Nordenfeldt, Tuck, Holland and others. The French navy began experiment­ ing with submarine boats about >.885. The Gym- note was built in 1888 and th^ Gustave Zede In 1893. The Morse was ^commenced In 1894, but remained uncompleted until 1899, pending addi­ tional experiments with the Gymnote and the Zede. In that year the construction of subma­ rines was actively commenced, ten being launched in 1901. All London is talking about the startling ex­ hibitions of speed given by a little boat on the Thames and at Bournemouth. The boat was se-^n racing up and down the river at what seemed a terrific speed, darting along by leaps and bounds, Just as a shark chases a fish scudding between wind and water. The impression she left waf not so much that of power, for she was such (1 mite of a thing, only 26 feet long, as of vicious and desperate energy. Crowds of people gath­ ered along the embankment to watch her, won­ dering whence in her tiny body this overpower tag energy could come. It has since been divulged that she is the Ml randa IV., the latest experiment in skim boata or, as they are called technically, hydropla&ea- by the veteran English Inventor, Sir John Thcray croft. Compared with anything near her size, thtf Miranda IV. is certainly the fastest craft afloat Her exact speed is not known, but she bas sev­ eral times done well over 34 knots an h&ur, and has decisively beaten the Columbine at Bourne- mouth, the only other craft which could lay claim to a record in her class. But it Is not only for this terrific speed that the Miranda IV. in remarkable. She Is the most seaworthy craft of her size that has been constructed. When Sleep Will Not Come Fhre absolutely sleepless nights are aaoogh to oause death, and two may |M enough to cause hallucinations, loss memory, and all kinds of other trou- 41m. The best advice for the treat­ ment of insomnia, perhaps, was that of the Irishman, who said he knew the one and only cure--"Just go to sleep •ad forget all about It." Not easy, maybe, but sound advice, all the same; is worry about sleplessness Is fatal. Narcotics are, generally speaking, equally bad. To earn sound sleep, in fact, there is only one way, and that Is to follow nature's system of de­ stroying consciousness. First, lie in the most comfortable position possible, and thlB Is usually on the right side with the knees slight­ ly flexed. Then, with the lips closed, but not oompreased, drop the lower jaw and relax the tonsnin, gently shut the eyes, and draw the bedclothes over the exposed left ear. This shuts out light and sound, and relaxes some muscles which are usually forgotten. Now proceeed to relax more muscles, beginning at the feet, legs, thighs, and arms, imagining each in turn a heavy weight bearing down upon the bed; and, lastly, imagine that the eyes are looking far away to the distant horizon. The attention Is so taken up with the relaxing process that thinking soon ceases, and the imagination, instead of running riot at its sweet will, is Mt to play on something definitely soothing, and soon falls asleep. At the same time it should not be forgotten that the bedroom should be flooded with pure air; and an impor­ tant point to remember Is that a higher temperature than 58 degree# Fahrenheit Increases the action of the heart and warns sleep away; a tem­ perature too low congests the heart, tending also to wakefulness. It Is best to sleep on the right side, and In the morning to rest on the left side, ... FORMER MEMBERS OF THE 8TATI BOARD OF AGRiCSJ LTURE HOLD ANNUAL GATHERING. GIVEN HEARTY GREETING Good dm* of the Deceased Wre Re­ ferred To In the Remarks of a Number of Members Present- Officers Are Elected. Springfield.--The ex-members of the nols state board of agriculture met In annual session In the office of Hon. John M. Crebs, the president of the Illinois state fair. The old members of the board were given a very cordial and hearty greet­ ing by President Crebs and the recep­ tion committee of the board of agri­ culture. Vice-President Hon. David Gore in the absence of President Lewis, called the meeting to order. On motion a committee was appoint­ ed to present resolutions expressive of the esteem of the members for the service of three associates who had passed to their reward since the last annual meeting, viz.: Emery Cobb of Kankakee, who died April 14, 1909; J. M. Washburn of Carterville, who died April 3, 1910, and Warren of Spring­ field, who died March 7, 1910. "Resolved, That we esteem it a priv­ ilege to bear testimony to the high ap­ preciation entertained for the com­ mendable discharge of duty to the farming industry of the state so char­ acteristic of the gentlemen named In these resolutions. "Resolved, That we learn with sin­ cere regret of the decease of these worthy gentlemen and esteemed per­ sonal friends. "Resolved, That a copy of these res­ olutions be sent to the families of the deceased and the press." The good deeds of the deceased wcrs referred to in the remarks of a num­ ber of members present. After the consideration of some rou­ tine business the following were elect­ ed officers for the ensuing year: President--William Young, Butler. Vice-president -- Lafayette Funk, Shirley. Secretary--Charles F. Mills, Spring­ field. Treasurer--J. W. Judy, Tallula. Bailey Talks on Rural Life. . The country teachers of Illinois had before them one of the keenest stu­ dents of rural progress, and a most attractive speaker when Dr. L. H. Bailey of Cornell university addressed their annual meeting at Normal. Among many other things he said: The business side of farming has been so successful that the farmers have been able to move to town at fifty years of age, and so the country has been robbed of their influence In many ways, their farms have gone to ten­ ants, and the social life has been broken up. The easier questions have largely been settled, but we shall never de­ velop a satisfactory system of country life until we settle the hard ques­ tions as well, the better schools, bet­ ter roads, better church and social advantages. We shall even develop a better skill in farming than many of us have ever dreamed of. Three New Illinois Banks. State Auditor McCullough issued permits for the organization of three banks in Illinois as follows: To Arthur L. French, D. Rees Browning and Frank J. Heinl for the organization of the Farmers' State Bank and Trust company at Jackson­ ville, Morgan county; capital, $100,- 000. To Thomas F. McFarland, Mark P. Bransfield and Edward J. Flaherty for the organization of the Morgan Park Trust and Savings bank at Morgan Park, Cook county; capital, $25,000. To Ellas H. Wilson, Solomon Kaba- ker, Anton Zepolis, C. E. Parlln, Otis P. Graves, John Edward Maloy, Ed­ ward Barrett and George E. Farrell for the organization of the Summit State bank at Summit, Cook county. Candidates Want Redress. The power of senatorial committees under the state primary law to limit the number of candidates for state representative in any district to two is attacked in mandamus proceedings brought against the state canvassing board in the circuit court by Walter A. Lantz and Thomas J. O'Brien of Chicago. Lantz was a candidate for re-elec­ tion from the Seventh district, and O'Brien from the Twenty-first dis­ trict, both of Cook county. Both ran third in the primaries,.and both de­ clare the senatorial committees should have allowed the three highest men to go on the ballot. Illinois Supreme Court Proceedings in the IlH&dls supreme court were as follows: ;' * • Graves vs. Krelgh et al.; final or­ der modified; rehearing denied. Hal berg vs. Pecararo, by next friend; rehearing denied. People vs. Joyoe; rehearing denied. Phillips et al. Ts. Gammon et aL; rehearing denied. People ex rel Bar association vs. Peters; motion by respondent for an ; order to reopen case before commis­ sioner for purpose of taking additional testimony allowed; case reopened with Henry D. Murphy; people may rebut testimony they see fit- Adair et aL vs. People ex reL Arn­ old, suggestion appeSe# of ui»ila- utlon of record and motion for Ismir® to supply allowed. Gilford vs. Cutler; motion by ap­ pellee to strike answer of Mattle Cut­ ler from files allowed; answer ordered stricken. Metrollis Theater company et al. vs. City of Chicago et al.; rehear­ ing denied. _ People ex rel. Coggeshall vs. Walk­ er Opera House company; motion by plaintiff for leave to file abstracts and briefs lnstanter allowed. Pingey vs. Rulon et aL; rehearing denied. O'Gara Coal company vs. Thomp­ son; motion by appellant for leave to file abstracts and briefs instanter de­ nied; no showing made of facts justi­ fying failure to file on time, People on relation Stead vs. Burk- halter; motion by appellee for leave to file appendix to brief allowed. People ex rel. Owen vs. Toledo, Pe­ oria & W. R. R. Co.; motion by ap­ pellant for leave to 'file abstracts and briefs lnstanter allowed. La very vs. Hutchinson; motion by appellee to transfer cause to appellate court denied. Wood River Drainage and Levee district vs. Hunneman; motion by appellant to continue and for time to file complete record denied. Erwln et al. vs. McLean^ motion by appellee to dismiss with damages al­ lowed; appeal dismissed with $50 damages. People vs. Isaac Bernstein; motion by plaintiff in error to be admitted to bail allowed; ball fixed at $4,000, bond to be executed by plaintive in error with S. Adam Lewinsohn as surety; ball to be taken by the sheriff of Cook county. People vs. Stelnhauer; motion by attorney general to strike bill of ex­ ceptions from files. People vs. Lucy Say lor; inotion by plaintive in error to make writ of er­ ror supersedeas. . McHenry vs McHenry; suggestion by plaintiff of diminution of record and motion to continue. Donaldson, admr. vs. village of Dei- trich; motion by apellee for leave to file briefs instanter. People ex rel. Deneen; motion by attorney general to fix time to file briefs of respondent to October 13; that he be allowed to file typewritten copies In lieu of printed copies and to set Friday, October 14, for oral ar­ gument allowed. People ex rel. Mclnerney vs. De­ neen; motion by attorney general to fix time to file briefs and respondent to October 13; to file typewritten copies of brief, and to consolidate with 7455 allowed; motion by John S. McLaughlin for leave to file his ap­ pearance and to file briefs. Kemp et al. vs. Division 241, Amal­ gamated Association Street and Elec­ trical Workers of America; motion by appellee for leave to cite additional authorities allowed. UtNltS Willi IMPORTANT RULING! OF ILLINO|| SUPREME TRIBUNAL ON THE PRIMARY AGStV BENCH DIVIDED IN OPINION Deneen Urges Law Vigilance. (governor Deneen complimented the delegates to the annual session of the Anti-Horse Thief association at their closing session for the work that has been done to suppress thefts and crime in the rural districts of Illinois. The governor said that many citizens believe they have done their duty when they refrain from violating the law, and allow peace officers, such as policemen and con­ stables, to unearth offenses which have been committed. He said It was the duty of every citizen to obey the law, and also aid officers in causing the arrest of persons who have no regard for the statute. Governor Deneen promised his as­ sistance in bringing about the enact­ ment of laws which are favored by the state organization. The associar tlon favors a law giving them more stringent protection against tres­ passers, such as hunters and other persons who destroy property and in­ jure stock. The next meeting of the state asso­ ciation will be held at Carlinville. Tax Commission to Meet. The special tax commission of the state of Illinois will hold a further public hearing on October t7, 1910, in Chicago, beginning at nine o'clock a. m. This hearing will be for the con­ sideration of proposed changes In the tax and revenue laws, submitted in writing ten days before. Such state­ ments of proposed changes should be addressed to John A. Fairlie, chief clerk, Urbana, 111., and should be re­ ceived not later than October 17. On Trail of Corporations. Capital stock committee of the state board of equalization announced that In the absence of schedules, It would make capital stock assessments on such information as it was able to obtain independently of delinquent companies. It Is preparing to collect this Information through agencies of Its own. For some unexplained reason, many corporations have been slow about turning In schedules this year, and the list Is short several hundred names. Exhibits Razed---Pair a Memory. The fifty-eighth state fair Is but a memory now. Where stood the ex­ hibits of yesterday there Is but litter now. The stalls are empty of their •dumb occupants, the race course is no longer the scene of equine strug­ gles, the blrdman has flown away and just as rapidly as possible the strang­ ers within the gates are doing like­ wise. There was little rest and quiet for tuOSS Who w&d displays ii thS StfttS fair. Three Homemakers Win Scholarships. With the awarding of three scholar­ ships to the domestic science depart­ ment of the University of Illinois to the students making the highest aver­ ages the state domestic science school, which has been In annual session lnt the Woman's building at the state fair grounds for the past two weeks, closed. Miss Beulah Klrkpatrlck of Benton won highest honors. Her gen­ eral average was 96 per cent., while Miss Axle Watkins of Petersburg and Miss Mae Murphy of Waterloo each averaged 95 per cent. Decision Handed Down Shows Court Howl 4 to 3 on the Opinion-- Statement by Chief Jus­ tice Vickers. Springfield, HI.--Standing four to three on a divided bench, the Illinois supreme court decided against the "nominate three' idea and upheld the number of house nominations decided on by the senatorial committees In the various districts before the pri­ maries. Tub decision does not psss upon the constitutionality of the "little" pri­ mary act covering nominations for the legislature. It is, instead, an inter­ pretation of the act, the court deny­ ing the petition of Charles l^'S«®ey and Joseph A. Mclneruey of CivhJago asking for a mandamus writ ordering the state canvassing board to certify the three highest candidates of each party at the primaries for. places on the badlots for the house at the No­ vember elections. Whether a majority of the court re­ garded the law as valid was not in­ dicated in the brief statement made from the bench by Chief Justice Vick­ ers. He said: "A majority of the court are of tho opinion that the writ should be de­ nied, and this 1s the judgment of the court. The members thus agreeing are Justice Cook, Farmer, Hand and v ickers. The minority, consisting of the ether members of the court, think the writ ought to Isue. An opinion will be filed hereafter setting forth the reasons for the conclusion an­ nounced." After the decision had been given the state canvassing board ordered that certificates issue in accordance with its former action, and Secretary of State Rose commenced making up the ticket. The proceedings filed in the circuit court at Chicago will not interfere with the plans for the eleo- tiori, as they will not be finally ad­ judicated until after t^e election 18 held.1 Attorney General Stead will file a demurrer to the petition In the circilit court, and if that tribunal holds against him an appeal will be prosecuted. Politics apparently did not enter into the decision. Of the four justices who held against the petition, Jus­ tices Cook and Farmer are Democrats and Justices Hand and Vickers are Republicans. The three justices who held that the writ should issue, Cart* wrlght, Dunn and Carter, are Repub­ licans. The argument on which the peti­ tioners based their case was that the senatorial committees act in merely an advisory capacity in deciding upon the number of house nominations, and that the court might construe the law as meaning that each party should | nominate three In each district, re- | gardless of what the senatorial com- { mittees decided upon. In other words, I that if the act were to be construed | literally it conferred upon political I committees a power that could bo j only advisory and not binding upon the state canvassing board. Attorney General Stead in his de­ murrer maintained that the court had been in error in the Strassheim case In holding that primaries are elec­ tions, and from this he argued that the minority representation feature of the constitution is not applicable to primary elections, and in the absence of provisions on that subject the number of candidates to be nominated by each party is a political question. The question as to whether the "little" primary act is constitutional was not raised during the mandamus proceedings, the petitioners confining themselves to the subject of interpre­ tation of the law. Consequently the politicians and the lawyers are eager to hear the court's reasons for its opinion, in the belief that the bench 1 (n expounding the grounds that led it to dismiss the petitions may discuss the question of constitutionality. ' I Attaches of the attorney general's ' office in Springfield said that the re- j fusal of the court to order the "nom- | Inate three" idea to be put into opera- jtion does not necessarily mean that ; ^he justices hold the act itself valid. I David K. Tone, representing the petitioners, says that he has little | doubt that the court will declare the j act unconstitutional. This question, however, will be settled only by the tiling of the opinion by the court I later on. i j The decision brought the politl- > cians out of a state of high suspense, the legislative campaign having been ! practically held up ^'hils the case wae ' pending. The leaders professed that I they were indifferent as to which way the court held, but on hearing the Secision they beamed with pleasure. Boy Hurt In Football Game. port Wayne, Ind.--Harold Carr, six­ teen had his left leg crushed In a football game here. He was playing with the Cathedral eleven when he was caught in a scrimmage. His con­ dition Is critical, owing to the com­ pound fracture. ^viator Hlta and Kills Girl. Limoges, France.--M. Balllod, a monoplanist. In attempting a flight here, steered his machine Into a crowd, killing a girl and Injurtag sev­ eral other persons. Passed Examinations for Nurses. Secretary Mason of the state civil service commission announced that the following had passedv the state civil service examination held in vari­ ous cities of the state on Sept. 7. Supervising nurses--Myrtle C. Ras- mussen, Elgin; Ellen Moore, Elgin; Julia A. Smith, Anna; Fannie Wiley, Waterloo, la.; Margaret M. Roach, Anna; Cora M. Robinson, An­ na; Jeanette K. Kipp, Joliet; Marcla W Tibbets, Anna; Henrietta Good­ man, Elgin; Katheryne F!t-gerald Anna: Mattle Adol^ Watertow% I Nicaragua Again in Turmoil. New Orleans.--News reached here from Managua, Nicaragua, that disor* der had broken out anew in the tapf- tal and that frequent rioting was oc­ curring. According to these advices, the situation has become crltlcaL Aviator Daahad to Ground. Birmingham, Ala.--Just as Parma- lee, in a Wright aeroplane, was ma­ king an ascent at the fair grounds a guBt of wind caught the machine and hurled it to the ground. Parma!** was hurt, but not seriously.