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HE United States government has recently undertaken to do something that a great many peo­ ple have been declaring for years past ought to be done. This is to record and perpetuate the tribal music of the American Indians. All over the world people of ev­ ery nationality have of late years been striving to perpetuate the folk songs of the different races that Inhabit the globe, because It has come to be recognized that these primitive songs which have leldom been written but have simply been hand­ ed down from one generation to another con­ stitute an invaluable link with the past. In the case of our Indians, however, in great­ er degree perhaps than with any other prim­ itive people, is there need for quick work if the old songs and ancient music is to be chronicled for the benefit of future generations who will know the Indian only from books and pictures. The Indian music alike to the folk songs of Euro­ pean nations, which have been brought to the tore In recent years, affords most interesting side­ lights on the peoples in whose lives it has so ong played a part and what is yet more im­ portant many of the old Indian songs have a ilstorical significance or at least expression to additions so interesting and poetic and beauti­ ful th at it would be nothing short of a calam­ ity were they to be Jost. Aside, however, from the fact that the Indians |f North America Is a vanishing race and that '. 'heir music is passing with them there is yet an­ other incentive to urge energetic work now that his musical research has been undertaken in sarnest This extra spur lies in the fact that i 1 i » I A TYPJCAL mDJAN VJLLACPf /ff OQl/r/~lW£OT if#*®® wtftli SiWiSsSM SSS! • • IDKN QUESTION OF CHANGING SYSTEM 18 EXPECTED TO BE BROUGHT BEFORE CONGRESS. RAILROADS COMPLAIN OF LOSS Companies Assert Crews Sometimes Compelled to Abandon Engines in Small Towns and Wait for Relief Crew. WD JAM Ml/J/C/AtfJ , PJLAY//YG 'JYATJVE MUSICAL JMZTfiUAfFffTJ - a *«s y. v.,«- .•afe ;s Wft-fmn// ..rf A TYPJCA1 J/yD/A/? y/HAGf there is a tremendous wealth of Indian music to be studied and chronicled in permanent form,-- each individual tribe having had from time im­ memorial its distinctive songs and chants. A man who is attempting to compile a complete pic­ torial record of the Indians has already spent twenty years in the work and it is likely that as much time will be required if there is to be mirrored for the benefit of future generations the distinctive music of all the various tribes. Private individuals, musicians or scientists, have from time to time in the past made effort in a small way to perpetuate American Indian music and while they deserve credit for what they have accomplished it is an undertaking which through its sheer magnitude, if for no other rea­ son, needs the resources of the national govern­ ment. That it is pre-eminent ly a government func­ tion is likewise attested by the fact that it has promise of success only when prosecuted through the organized channels of intercourse with the Indians,--channels which enable federal officials to get into the confidence of the more intellectual men of all the various tribes in a degree that would scarcely be possible except in the case of an individual who lived for many years among the Indians whose eecrcts he s.iugle. The governmental study and perpetuation of Indian music is being conducted under the aus­ p i c e s o f t h e S m i t h s o n i a n I n s t i t u t i o n a n d . N a t i o n a l Museum at Washington. The bureau of Ethnol­ ogy is the particular branch of this great seat of research which has the Indian music investi­ gation in charge. Probably the most interesting phase of the whole undertaking is that which has to do with the activities of Miss Frances Densmore. Miss Densmore. who is an accom­ plished student of music, has spent much time among the Chippewas and other tribes whose music is at once notable and representative and has recorded as many as two hundred songs be­ longing to a single tribe. Oddly enough the phonograph has been the chief means of capturing the songs of the for­ est. There is no system of written music among most of the tribes and the phonograph was hit upon as the only possible means of providing the means of studying the music carefully and leisurely. As may be surmised it was anything but an easy task to induce some of the more su­ perstitious of the red m< n to sing into the strange machine or to induce them to even permit the recording apparatus to be set up within earshot of their camp fires when there was in progress those ceremonial rites and dances v.hi<h cal l up the musical lore of the savages Finally, after much perseverance, however, at Indian agencies and elsewhere, the music hunters have succeeded in making a creditable beginning in securing the priceless phonograph records of Indian music. In the case of one or two tribes the song collection of "canned music" is prac­ tically complete. After records of Indian songs or music are secured they are transcribed in pi­ ano score and studied scientifically. Meanwhile the collection ol records will be kept on file for the benefit of the musical students of future generations who will find it a priceless boon to hear the Indian music as nr'tMiially rendered. The researches which ha\e been mad e show that Indian music is as compi'-x ;-.s is the tribal life of the original Americans An accompaniment of 6ong is provided for eve-y public ceremony as well as for every important at t in the career of an Individual. The music of < a> h ceremony has its peculiar rhythm, as have also the classes of songs which pertain to individual acid such as fasting and prayer, hunting, courtship, the playing of games and the facing or defying of death An Indian or a person thoroughly versed in Indian y/YjO/A/y musical lore can de­ termine the class of a song by means of the rhythm of the music. From a technical musical standpoint, the Indian music is very similar to the form of our own mu­ sic. The compass of the songs varies from one to three octaves and some of the songs have no words, although this does not seem to im­ pair their definite meaning. There is much chorus singing among the Indians and in some tribes there are choirs of picked singers who are paid for their services when they appear at any formal ceremonies. It may surprise many readers to learn that some of the Indian com­ munities are so keen for music that they even hold musical contests. A favorite form of com­ petition seeks to determine which singer or group of singers can make the best showing In repro­ ducing a song with accuracy after having heard it but once The Indian songs are the property of clans, so­ cieties and 'ndividuals and the rights of own­ ership are rigidly enforced. In many instances the privilege of singing any individually-owned song must be purchased from the composer and in the case of the songs of clans not only is the right to sing the melodies restricted to members of the clan but each clan has special officers to insure the exact transmission and rendition of their songs, a fine being imposed upon any mem­ ber who makes a mistake in singing. Indian women have composed many of the best of the Indian songs, including lullabies, spinning and Springfield.--The question of amend­ ing the 16-hour law has been taken up by the management of some of the larger railroads, and it is expected will be brought before congress at Its next session. On account of crews tleing up exactly at the expiration of their 16 hours on duty, the companies say a great loss results, when if the time could be extended another hour, or in some caseB, 30 minutes, the crew would arrive at a terminal, where the loss would be reduced to the mini­ mum. The reason for this claim is that where crews tie up at stations other than terminals, it is necessary to call another crew to bring the train in, It being impossible to leave the engine and caboose at some point where no attention can be given them. It is also believed this would be to the advantage of the crews, as they would have access to their homes or at least to good places to rest, which they cannot get at intermediate eta- tionA. The manner in which this Is ex­ pected to be brought about is to have the crew take careful note of all de­ lays, and to extend the time over the 16-hour law limit to conform to the delay, no time to be accorded In the reckoning except unavoidable delays, that may be termed accidents. It is thought there will be very little oppo­ sition to the proposed amendment, as it is believed that the different rail­ road orders from whom the objection would be most likely to come, if any, will see that it will be to the benefit of the men as much as to the interest of the company. By a recent edict issued from the office of the general manager of the Southern Pacific railroad, women are debarred from positions with that com­ pany. The reasons given are that the tendency of the sex is to marry and leave their positions at about the time they have been long enough in the company's service to be of benefit to their employers, and that they are physically incapable of doing work that will admit of advancement to other positions. grinding songs and the songs of inspiration and encouragement intended to be sung to the war­ riors setting out for battle. It is usually difficult for a listener of another race to catch an Indian song owing to the con­ flicting noise due, in a great part, to the beating of the drums. There is usually a difference in time, the drum beats being designed to govern bodily movements and mark the sieps of the ceremonial dancers, whereas the song voices the emotion of the appeal. The drums may be bealen in 24 time and the song be in 3-4 time or the beat be in 5-8 time against a melody in 3-4 time, or the entire song may be sung to a rapid tremolo beating of the drum. The officials who have been making a study of Indian music are enthusiastic over its possibilities. They declare that not only does the field afford rich opportunit ies for the study of the growth of musical form, but the Indian songs themselves offer to the present-day composer a wealth of melodic and rhythmic move­ ments constituting a source of insplr ation. equal to that w hich has been supplied by the folk songs of Europe and vastly more serviceable in the development of a distinctive American "school" of music. Discuss Plans for Illinois State Fair. Plans for the annual Illinois state fair at Springfield in October were discflssed at a banquet held at Chica­ go of the officials of the Illinois state board of agriculture and editors of the agricultural papers of the state. The dinner was the urst the fair of­ ficials have ever given formally at which editors of farm papers were in­ vited, the idea of President George A. Anthony being to have the members of the board from Chicago meet one another prior to the opening of the ex­ position this fall. "We are here, ' ' said President An­ thony, "to get acquainted in a family reunion and to devise the best pro­ gram possible for the coming state fair in October. The Chicago & Alton railroad has broken with the Western Passenger association and will give its regular fair rates, and this has given us great encouragement. The fair belongs to the whole people and we want all the people to visit It." Scales That Would Weigh a Thought Sir William Ramsay, the distinguished English scientist, has. invented a pair of scales delicate enough, literally, to weigh a thougtit. Their rec­ ord so far Is one seven-millionth of an ounce, which is considerably lighter than most thoughts usually are. The scales are kept under Sir Wil­ liam's own laboratory In a small subterranean chamber. The room is kept in semi-darkness. So deli­ cate are these wonderful scales that their bal­ ance is disturbed by the alteration of temperature caused by the turning on of an electric light at the other end of the room. The operator has to leave them tor an hour in darkness--after he has tiptoed from the roof, so that his footfall should not set*°up any vibration--and then read them swiftly, before any change in the temperature has had time to affect them. Hanging by one end of the beam of the scales by a strand of silica fibre so slender that It is scarcely possible to see It is a tray. I 'pon this Is placed a minute glass tube. Imprisoned in the tube Is a whiff of xenon, a gas discovered by Sir William Ramsay. The movement of the. scales v, hen the tube is dropped upon them is so slight that it cannot be detected at all by the eye. Hut the movement Is made to swing from side to side a tiny mirror, upon which a beam of light is tocussed. The result is that a shifting point of light is thrown upon a graduated black scale six ieet away The weight of the tube, with the gas in it, is then recorded by the movement of this pin-point of light on the scale. Then comes the interesting test. The gas is re­ leased from the tube, which is weighed again. It is now found to wefgh a two hundred and fifty- thousandth of a milligramme, or a seven thou­ sand millionth of an ounce, less than it did when the gas was in it. Therefore, the weight of this whiff of gas was a seven thousand millionth of an ounce. The smallest object that can be picked up with the most delicate forceps is a piece of aluminum wire far thinner than a human hair, a twenty- fifth of an Inch in length, which weighs a four­ teen hundred thousandth of an ounce. It can scarcely be seen, and It is difficult to detect wheth­ er it is resting on the scales or not. A section ot aluminum wire weighing an e ighty four hun­ dred thousandth of an ounce can be prepared. But it is only visible in a microscope. For this reason weights of lesH than u fuuiteen hundred thou­ sandth of an ounce have to be registered In gases. Cities Want New Inpan* Hospital. Briefs setting forth the advantages of sixty different proposed sites for the new million and a half dollars state insane asylum, had been fiied with the state board of administration, the time limit for submitting bids. Sites in widely different parts of the state have been offered for the con­ sideration of the board, which will probably not reach a decision until the middle of September. Springfield Is in the bidding, S. E. Prathar of Springfield filing with the board a brief setting forth the qualifications of a tract of one thousand acres of land ly­ ing north of the Sangamon river on the Illinois Traction company line and known as "Riverdale."c The tract has all the requisites enumerated in the law empowering the purchase of a site for fhe asylum. Including cheap fuel, plentiful water Bupply, accessibility to railroads and excellent farming land. Other tracts of land referred to In briefs filed are located at Danville and Barrington, the latter thirty-five miles north of Chicago. The Barrlngtoa tract comprises 1,100 acres, now the property of William Grace, and used by him as a country home. It is Im­ proved with handsome buildings, many of w^ich could be made available for the uses required by the state. The Qlairns of Danville were pre sented by Attorney George T" Buck­ ingham, and are set forth in elaborate style. The site offered Is along the Vermilion river. A topographical map, showing the land, drainage, accessi­ bility to railroads, etc., was filed with the board. Owing to the large number of sites Offered for the board's consideration, it will take two months to visit the various places, and it Is being dis­ cussed by the board, the advisability of naming a committee of two mem­ bers to make such inspections. EWS Will Make Bitter Fight In Appeal. What promises to be a bitter con­ test between the State Medical society and the state of Illinois is promised when the injunction proceeding of the Illinois Homeopathic society against State Auditor McCullough and the trustees of Illinois university is ap­ pealed to the appellate or supreme court. Judge Creighton has refused to grant a temporary injunction re­ straining the payment of an appropri­ ation to the Chicago College of Phy­ sicians and Surgeons. The State Homeopathic society sought to restrain the payment of an appropriation of $120,000 to the Chi­ cago college on the ground that the legislature has no legal right to give money to any one specific college. Attorneys for the petitioners assert an appeal will be taken, and they be­ lieve that all medical societies of the state will give support to the move­ ment, to determine whether the legis­ lature can single out one college and give it financial aid. The officers of the Homeopathic so­ ciety contend they- have no grievance against the University of Illinois, but the trustees of that institution were made party defendants to the suit, be­ cause the Chicago College of Physi­ cians and Surgeons is under the wing of the state institution. Alfalfa Land in Illinois State. E. H. Lyman of Farmingdale ! and J. E. Hemmick of Spring I f ield have returned from Alexander j county, this state, where they have | been for the past week looking at al- j falfa farm land. They report that in ! spite of the dry weather they are cut | ting the third crop of alfalfa hay and I will cut two more crops off the fame | '-and this year. The farm land around 1 Cairo from twenty-five to fifty miles Is j the finest land to grow alfalfa there is to be found anywhere in the coun- 1 try. The average yield is five tons : per acre, which has been the average j yield for the past eight years and the j farmers in this vicinity are just get- j woke up to the fact of the great value ! of alfalfa. Hundreds of acres of land I in this district that has beeM let grow up in timber and underbrush for years is now being cleared and planted in alfalfa. While thei^ they bought sev­ eral car loads of alfalfa hay and shipped it to Springfield. Illness Prevents Speech by Deneen. O'-vernOr Charles H. Deneen has been compelled to cancel his date to ^p^jik before t*:» State Ep- worth T^gague at Lincoln, Neb., be­ cause o* illness. He returned home from ChiV.igo. His illness Is not Beri- oui. Christian Church State Convention. The sixty-first annual state conven­ tion of the Christian churches (Disci­ ples of Christ) of Illinois, will be held in Danville, September 4 to 7. Rev. John R. Golderi, pastor of the West Side Christian church of Springfield, will preside over the sessions. The Disciples of Christ, though one of the youngest religious bodies, has now a membership in Illinois of over 120,000 and rapidly growing. This year they have shown great activity in permanently endowing Eureka college. They are also active in evangelistic work--Charles Reign Sooville recently closed a meeting at Oklahoma City, Okia., with l.oOO additions to one Christian church. July 4, 1911, they at­ tracted considerable attention through­ out the country by erecting a new church building in Peoria in a single day. Danville has four churches of this faith and order, three of them quite strong. Preparations are now In progress to care for a very large at­ tendance of delegates and visitors, and indications are that It will be one of the largest conventions in the his­ tory of the Disciples of Christ in Illi­ nois. DEFINITION IS ASKED FOR Dealer Wants to Invest $20,000 In 8econd Hand Gentlemen'6 Clothing. Writes a charming advertiser: "Again I am back, looking for your business; $20,000 to invest in second hand gentlemen's clothing." Splendid! As fine, almost, as that more familiar advertisement: "Unredeemed mens overcoats"--finer, in fact. For where­ as the notion of unredeemed men is de lightful but not stimulating, the notion of second nand gentlemen opens up inexhaustible treasures of thought. T he mere notion of gentlemanllness has tried to. For a lime it succeeded. A perfect carnival of ratiocination at­ tended the effort to define gentlemanll­ ness and to determine how to tell a gentleman from a churl. Unfortunate­ ly, a good lady put an end to the car nival by settling the whole matter. There was a fatal finality in her re­ mark: You can tell a gentleman by the condition of his boots." Think not that clerks are without gratitude for this discovery. They merely lament t hat the curtain should have been rung down so promptly upon so luminous and fruitful a discussion. Accordingly, they applaud the advent of the new problem: "How can we tell a first hand from a second hand gen­ tleman? There are lots of Becond hand gentleineti, you know. They have had gentlemanllness thrust upon them, or have at best achieved It by servile lral- 1 t^tlon. Naturally, one would prefer to 1 flock with a first hand gentleman. On a bench next the frog pond this was once the clerk's privilege. His fel­ low beaoher, a retired circus actor, dis­ played true first hand gentlemanllness in his chivalrous tribute to the circus woman. Said he: "Say, don't you get fresh wld dem ladires. Dey'll stand off an' fight you like a man, see?" In a flash the clerk perceived that her< was one of nature's noblemen, who owed his gentlemanllness not to mere class room instruction, but to original research.--Clerk of the Day in Boston Transcript. Names Members of Commission. Governor £>eneen has appointed the members of the Illinois park commis­ sion (the Served Rock commission) created by the Forty seventh general assembly. The members are: Pro­ fessor J. A. James, Northwestern uni­ versity, Evanston; Alexander Rich­ ards, Ottawa, and Rev. D. S. Crowe, Kewanee. Lawrence Y. Sherman, former lieutenant governor of Illi­ nois, was reappointed by Governor De­ neen as president of the state board of administration for a term of six years. Committee Leaves to Tour State. The committee recently organized for the investigation of alleged dec­ ision frauds at the election for na­ tional president of the United Mine Workers of America, left Springfield for a tour of the state. They will visit 49 local unions of the state. The committee is composed of James Morgan of Iowa, William Dia­ mond of Michigan and George Baker of Kentucky. Each member of the committee will visit from five to ten locals on the tour in order that the investigation will be completed within a few days. After completing their Investigation, the committee will re­ turn to this city and make their re­ port. Sherman Out of 8enate Race. Governor fteneen reappointed Law­ rence Y. Sherman member and presi­ dent of the state board of adminis­ tration. The reappointment is for a period of six years. Mr. Sherman will take the oath of his office and will enter upon the new term of duty. Former Lieutenant Oovernor Sher man, in accepting the appointment from the governor, voluntarily elim­ inated himself for the present from the possibility of a race for the United States senatorship, Veterinarians End Meeting. The Southern Illinois Veterinary Medical and Surgical association closed a three-day mee.ing at Cen tralia, after selecting tha; city for the next semi-annual meeting. The asso­ ciation has held most of the sessions there, and it is probable that Cen- tralla will be made its permanent meeting place. H. S. Haner of Spring­ field, chairman of the state board of live stock commissioners, addressed the meeting. The meeting was attend­ ed by veterinary surgeons from all sections of southern and central 111; Plans to Vielt Sites. Fiscal Supervisor Frank D. Whipp and Secretary B. R. Burroughs of the Btate board of administration were empowered by the board to draft ao itinerary by which the proposed sites for the location of the new state in sane asylum may be visited. Exactly 71 cities want the new institution, the cost of which will be $1,500,000, and the board is confronted with the task of visiting each site before making a choice for location about Septem­ ber 15. Monticello.--Unable to get the city council to take action toward closing a hitching yard In front of his resi­ dence, John L. Hudson has appealed to the state board of health. Duquoin.--Senator Lorimer, Sena­ tor Cullom, Governor Deneen, "Uncle Joe" Cannon, Mayor Harrison of Chi­ cago, Secretary of State Rose and Ad­ jutant General Dickson are among the speakers who will deliver addresses at the Southern Illinois Soldiers and Sail- ore' reunion here August 23-25. Alton.--A yacht load of potatoes was taken from Alton to farmers in th# vicinity of Otter Creek, on the Illi­ nois river. The potato crop there this year was a complete failure. Kewanee.--Carl Hennell, 28, a farm­ er, was accidentally drowned when he fell into the Green river north of here. Marion.--Tony Polko, a miner, was shot to death by unidentified persons. A policeman found the body a few minutes after hearing the shots. Alton.--The Alton Poultry associa­ tion is planning a show with 1,200 birds the last of November. The as- scciation Is offering $200 1 in cash prizes and about 200 merchandise prizes. Sterling.--Eggs are being marketed in Rockford with the date stamped on them when they were laid, thus insuring freshness to the buyers. The first of the stamped eggs were sold with "July 31" printed in purple. Freeport.--That E. H. Weaver was a traveling gold mine instead of an or­ dinary tramp was the discovery made by Dr. J. T. White while searching the clothes of the man, who had sud­ denly died here. He found $6,000. East St. Louis.--Because she was not permitted to wed her 16-year-old lover, Miss Stella Carter, aged 17, tried three times to take her life, with carbolic acid. She will recover. Centralia.--The Southern Illinois Veterinary Medical and Surgical as­ sociation met here. The association embraces sixty counties and has a large membership. Aurora.--The officials of the Chi­ cago, Burlington & Quincy rail­ road have announced that they soon will inaugurate a system of paying freight handlers by the piece system. If the experiment, which is to be tried first at Aurora, proves success­ ful, it will be adopted at the Chicago freight houses of each railroad en­ tering there. Lincoln.--James Hyde, city treas­ urer of Lincoln ai|*l the oldest public officeholder in Illinois, is dead at Pierre, S. D. He was the oldest Mason In Illinois, and the oldest resi­ dent of Logan county. His age was ninety-eight. Decatur.--W. E. Carter, shoe mer­ chant, was killed when his auto mobile turned turtle down an embank­ ment. His wife, Mr. and Mrs. B. T. Hallam and an 18-months-old baby escaped with a few bruises. Rev. H. S. Roblee, Congregational minister here, his wife and daughter were painfully injured in a collision be­ tween their automobile and a street car. Kankakee.-• Anton Beeherer, cigar manufacturer and one of the most widely known German citizens of this section 01 the state, was found dead in bed at his home. Death was due to heart trouble. Clinton.^--A buggy occupied by three young ladies and a small boy was struck by a. string of freight cars, en­ tirely demolishing the vehicle. None of the occupants were injured. Peoria.-- Arthur Arment, a cement worker, was decoyed into nearby woods and assailed by two compan­ ions whom he thought were friends. Danville --Peter Neiman, a resident of Hoopeston, was killed by a train here The crushed and mangled body was found scattered along the rails for a distance of fifty or sixty yards. Quincy.--It was established at the Inquest of Robert Gratton. who was run over and killed by a string of cars that he was an Inmate of the state hospital for the Insane at Jackson­ ville. Albion.--Anthrax is killing many cattle, horses, mules and hogs in the farming communities west of Albion. George Barnhart has lost ten milch cows worth $45 each, a brood mare and a large drove of bogs. Altamont.---While helping thresh on the Ott farm, (wo miles north of Altamont, John Seigman, twen­ ty-eight years old, was killed when a pitchfork which had bccome caught In the belt on the engine, hit him on the head. Mattoon.--Night Captain Lawson In the arrest of two negroes on a charge of loitering, is belleVed to have landed two criminals wanted in Cincinnati, O.. on charges of murder. They gave their names as Sidney Sampson Posey and Charley Johnson. Rock Island.--Eloping from Racine, Wis., with an affinity and taking her tfaby along. Mrs. J. P. Jensen and Charles Schultz have been arrested here. Four children were left behind. Kewanee.--August Sempke, a farm­ er, harvested 100 acres of oats in 11 hours. This is a new record in the way of fast harvesting. Wataga.--Robbers broke into the hardware store of C. Dairympie at»d got away with $100 worth of stock, in­ itialing rings and watches.