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V", ., jt. I . 1 1 ! i; '•N IT: „ / ; R£, Y •/•'; '< "v 'T ! • " I> I I M i l l " I l l - 1 i i i ' i i . " - ' ' ' i n ' i l l I ' " ' ' M r ' l H I " V i I » S.N.L lUCUfc USSMMB •ft3« WSfSS&S; Sfcia £5&Ĵ I*J I IJJ' BZWGFLV O/I L££A' JZA/FC/F - • * .?-• ROBABLY never before ftn the History of the universe (and 1 hope never again to be witnessed ID the Fame enormity) has SUCH a sad plight been evidenced among the wild animal kingdom as that which has been witnessed In Jackson's Hole, Wyo.. during - the past few years. Never until i - late years have the elk ranges been fenced off like they are now by settlers, and never again, I hope, will the government ^Uow these animals to suffer and die as they have In the past. The late appropriation by congress and by the state of Wyoming show that the people have at last awak­ ened to the necessity for immediate action--but oh! bow long the aid has bean a-coming, no one but we who are settlers of the "Hole" and see It with our own eyeB every winter can fully realise. The summer of 1910 was unusually oold and dry, which resulted in a scant growth of grasd on the winter range of the elk in Jackson's Hole. An early heavy snowfall In the mountains, with rain CONSTITUTIONALITY OF ACT TO BE TE8TED IN SUPREME COURT. WAS NOT LEGALLY PASSED State's Attorney Burke Declares Sen­ ate's Action Did Not Pass Bill- Circuit Court's Decision Ap­ pealed From. -- mm VJ TNRYJL/JR S<R D&W A NO OR//*? • .ey» "HSU! to one male, but we found that we invariably secured a male In making £ capture. During these hard win­ ters, up to the time that one-half the calves have per­ ished, It will be found that fully three-quarters of the dead calves are males. At the time when the calves are nearly all dead the spike bulls begin to die; next the older bulls, and last the cows. The males hare less vitality, less spirit and less endurance than the femrJes. The mountain lion gets them because they lack that spirit of self-de­ fense necessary to elude his pursuit. When we caught a calf elk and it laid its head out on the snow, allowing itself to be handled and tied without resistance. It was a male. If we found a lone calf among the willows on the creek or among the cedars on the hillside it was invariably a male. Reduced by hunger till too weak to follow the herd, they drop down by some rock or bush and are left alone with all energy and spirit gone. They be­ come a prey to carnivorous animals, or die a miser­ able death by starvation. It is not only here in Jack­ son's Hole that these conditions exist, but wherever there is elk In numbers. I have a letter from a guide in Cody, Wyo., saying that within a mile on a certain river in the park FZA" 3JT/MT ST/) AJY /V/?. /FFLIYO MM* (\ V 4M.EF~T~ ALOJYJG ̂ In the valley, caused the herds to come down un­ usually early. This condition prevailed with light snowfall In the valley till about February 15, 1911, when It began storming, and kept it up un­ til the snow was about three feet de^p In the •alley. Then, turning warmer, it rained for 48 nonrs. after which It turned colder, snowed some more and finally froze up, effectively shutting the elk from the little remaining grass. For feed they were confined to the willows (two-thirds of which had been killed by the close browsing and peeling to which they were subjected the two years previous), and to what hay they could steal from the settlers' haystacks. Before the storm ceased, on February 26, mes­ sages were sent to Cheyenne, where the legis­ lature was in session, calling attention to the need and asking aid. Four days later we received ® f®ply saying that a bill had passed the house appropriating $5,000 for the relief of the elk. We further informed thai this bill was sure to pass the senate, and that the governor would send a man In immediately. A week later, with no further word from Cheyenne, the calf elk getting very weak and many of them dying, and it being plain to be seen that If any of the calves were to be saved feeding must commence immediately, I gent the following mes­ sage to several addresses: Jackson. Wyo., Feb. 7. 1911.--Unless fed, five thousand elk will perish within two W«ek«. S. N. LEEK. This might have been putting it pretty strong, fcut I thought the end justified the means, and in Just four days after sending out the message Sheriff Ward of Evanston, Wyo., arrived at Jack­ son with authority to act, and three days later, February 13, the first load of hay was fed to the •Ik about one mile north of Jackson. Two days later feeding was commenced on my place, three miles south of Jackson, and on Mr. Kelly's place, one mile farther south. It „was now found that very little hay could be procured in the valley, and Mr. Ward was not authorised to offer a sufficient price for hay to in­ duce or justify any stock to be driven to Idaho. So it was impossible to feed all the elk. Feeding was commenced to about 3,000 head of those in the worst condition, and this later was extended to about 5,000 head, though the very limited hay supply (225 tons) made it necessary to feed bare­ ly enough to keep them alive. Feeding was com­ menced too late to save but very few of the calves. Such, in brief, is the history and situation to date for this year--a repetition of former years. 8hould I tell you some of the terrible sights we are forced to see--to what extremities the elk are driven for feed, or the settlers to save their hay--you would not believe the half of it. Nearly the entire calf crop of three years In succession, with many old elk, has perished for want of feed, and including those killed this loss has reduced the magnificent herds of three years ago to less than half their number at that time. As a result we have, in place of young elk com­ ing cm, practically all old cows with very few bulls. /YORSMVG SUR JM#VAT/ORT W/IL C/IIASF MLO A/*JNA& TO B£CCJV£ JO 7XSF£̂ he counted 50 dead elk, all starved to death. These were nearly all males. I have a letter from a man In Montana saying that hundreds of elk perish by starvation on the sheep range north of the park. These are nearly all males. These are some of the causes of the disparity in male elk, and not the alleged fact that the resident set­ tlers kill one occasionally, or that the non-resi­ dent kills a few for trophies, or even that the tusk hunter, in his nefarious practice, kills males for their teeth. To prevent these things from re­ curring we must take better care of our elk. It Is not g«me wardens, but feed, that these ani­ mals need. It 1b therefore a fact that we, by permitting this The annual re­ port of the ex- state game war­ den for 1910 says: "About the usual number of elk died in Jackson's Hole last winter." I asked Mr. Crawford, an old resident of the valley, about what percentage of the elk calves died last winter. He said, "80 per cent." I next asked Mr. George Wilson, another old resident, the same question. He said, "85 per cent." Mr. Kelly Baid 75 per cent. The calf crop each year Is about 30 per cent, of the whole, while there are very few young elk growing up. At Mr. Crawford's place there was fed about 2,250 elk, two-thirds of which number were old cows. The yearlings from this number of cows (about 1,500 bead) had they not perished for want of food, would number 1,000 head, about one-half of which would have been males with spikes. All male elk one year old have spikes that are easily distinguished. All Bpike bulla are to be found in the herds with the cows. 1 drove past this bunch of elk at the Crawford ranch, strung out for nearly a mile In length, and watched carefully, counting just 12 spikes. Among the elk fed on Kelly's ranch and my place to­ gether numbering 2,000 head. I counted about 25 spike bulls. The state game warden's report for the previous year says: "About 15 per cent, of the calves and a few old elk perished last winter." Yet the young bulls of that age are nearly a minus qijantity (not 5 per cent, of them being accounted for), while among the about 4,000 elk being fed at the three places named, there is a great disparity of males of all ages. Are the elk degenerating? Are the calf elk less hardy than In the years past? Does breed­ ing to immature and Inferior males cause the calves to succumb to the rigors of winter? These are questions that are interesting to study at this time. At birth elk calves are probably half males. Now, among the three bunches of elk fed near my place, probably about 4,000 head, not to exceed 5 per cent, of them are males. It Is true that many bulls winter high up in the hills away from the herds, and that these are not to be found in the valley now; yet it la a fact that there 1B a great disparity of males, of all ages. While at birth 50 per cent, are males, yet now there Is not to exceed 10 per cent, males. Non-residents in­ variably kill males for trophies. Residents kill the larger portion of females, which leaves the ratio about even, as 50 per cent, of each sex la shot. Now, the question is, what becomes of this 40 per cent, of males? Ruffaio Jones, at one time official hunter in the park, to exterminate the mountain lions, told me he had learned that lions had a preference for male elk, as around a lion's den he had found 19 dead calf elk. killed by the lion, and all were males. Some years ago when there was practically no law on the game a few of the settlers In the val­ ley conceived the Idea of catching elk calves to Bell to parks and other places. In this I took part. It was our desire to get about three females aiiouai normai ioss among the elk for want of feed, by allowing one-third or one-half of the calves to perish year after year, are destroying the males only, and making it necessary that the breeding must be done by Immature and Inferior males, thereby raising degenerate, weak calves that succumb easily to hard winters. It is necessary in breeding farm stock to se­ lect the best sires. In breeding ambng wild ani­ mals nature's Intention is to eliminate the weaker. Inferior animal, for in their fights during the rut­ ting season the stronger, more mature male drives the others away. In the case of the elk there Is not enough mature bulls to go around, and this is causing inter-breeding to some extent, all of which has a tendency to create weak offspring. Now, the state of Wyoming and the national government are going to try another experiment --drive the elk like cattle to a better (?) feeding ground. We hope they may Bucceed, on this pro­ posed new elk range. Tbere were plenty of elk a few years ago, before the settlers took up the grazing ground. They were driven from these ranges, but not as cattle. What new Inducements are they now going to offer the elk to get them to stay on the proposed ranges? Will the sheep men give up this new feed ground for the elk? Will any arrangements be made toward winter's sustenance, or will the elk be sacrificed? Would It not be better to refuse permits to flock masters on a scope of ground twenty miles wide along the north park line, in order that a portion of the elk now coming this way from the park could go north to winter? Would It not be better to save the feed on the Grey Bull, Meeteetse, and Stink­ ing water rivers, to the east of the park, and on the Madison and Snake river tributaries, west of the park, for the elk? If this can't be done, where the elk will go themselves, how can it be done where they will have to be driven? dprtngfield.--The constitutionality of the commission form of government bill passed by the Forty-sixth general assembly will be tested in tbe su­ preme court, the case having been ap­ pealed from the Sangamon county court by County Treasurer C. H. Ed- mands. The case had Its origin In the San­ gamon county circuit court, rtfcen City Treasurer William H. Bowe sought to mandamus County Treasurer C. H. Ed- manda to pay over to him and to the city $60,000. which was due the city as taxes and general assessments. The court decided that this should be done and it is from this Judgment that an appeal is taken. The history of the entire case fol­ lows: On January 2, 1911, at an election held in the city of Springfield, the city adopted the commission form of gov­ ernment. On April 4, 1911, a mayor and four commissioners were elected, and after organizing as a city council, the mayor and commissioners adopted a resolution providing that certain per­ sons be elected to certain offices in the city of Springfield, among others being William H. Bowe, who was choBen to the office of city treasurer. Mr. Bowe qualified as such and on May 6, 1911, made a demand upon County Treasurer Edmands that he account and pay over the amount of taxes and special assessments collected by him and which amounted to $67,000. County Treasurer Edmands, on the ad­ vice of State's Attorney Edmund Burke, refueed to turn the money over to Bowe on the grounds that the com­ mission form of government bill was unconstitutional. He averred, however, that he was willing to turn the money over to the city, providing some one was legally authorized to receive it. On May 6, 1911, a petition for man­ damus was filed against Edmands, de­ manding that he pay the money over to Treasurer Bowe. Edmands filed an answer, setting out the full proceedings of the general assembly In passing the bill, declaring that the passage of the same was In violation of both the state and the United'States censtltution. The circuit court, after hearing sev­ eral motions, ordered Edmands to pay over the city's funds to Bowe and it is from this judgment that Mr. Ed­ mands appeals on a bill of exceptions. State's Attorney Burke in his brief eays the bill was passed originally in the house. The senate amended it by striking out all after the enacting clause and Inserting an entirely new act. The bill went to conference, but failed of agreement. On the la^t day of the session the senate voted to re­ cede from Its amendments. Mr. Burke holds that the senate never voted af­ firmatively on the bill, and that it did not legally pass It by voting to recede from Its own bill. Lastly he contends that tbe com­ mission form of government bill is con­ trary to the provisions of the federal Constitution and the constitution of the state, which provides for a re­ publican form of government. What She 8aw. Tourist (to his landlady)--How lovely it Is here. The green trees in the valley, through which tbe stream glistens; In the background the mountains and over ail the blue sky-- Landlady--H'm, but you don't say anything about the veal pie and the coffee I made you.-- Fliengende Blaetter. Unchanging Finger Marks 'IMf» Are the lines upon one's finger tipB absolutely unchanged from infancy to maturity? An affirmative reply 1B sug­ gested by a case under observation in Colorado. A college professor took ?*iypnnts of the lines on the finger tips •: •*" his daughter shortly after she was l^if^orn i« years ago, and new marks •« p.Sv-jhave been taken on the first day of Mkievery June every year since then. V<i lIThese marks have been sent regular­ ly by the child's father to a friend in London, who is a scientist of note en­ gaged in a special study of criminol­ ogy. Thi^ man of science now writes that the most minute examination of the finger prints of Jufce 1, 1911, a B compared with those taken 1# years ago and every year since, shows ab­ solutely no trace of variation In any respect. He concludes that of all dis­ tinctive markings on a human being, the lines of tbe finger tips alone are infallible and changeless.--New York Mall. Garments of Wood. A traveler in Tibet relates that be saw women weaving a garment con­ structed of wood. Wooden clothes, however, are not likely to be con­ fined to Tibet if the idea o| an Amer­ ican inventor becomes popular. He has manufactured for himself and wears a fancy waistcoat of pine-wood fiber, and looks forward to the time when wooden suits will be generally worn. Tbe wood is, of course, not in its usu­ ally crude form, but it is first reduced to pulp, then drawn into threads and woven like cloth. Cloth of this kind wears like leather, and is cheaper than the cheapest cloth. Forget It. "There is one thing the politicians don't want to tax," said the astutM citizen. "What is that?" demanded a friend "The popular memory."* Seeks Better Roads. The Joint committee of the state legislature, appointed at the last ses­ sion to investigate methods of im­ proving Illinois highways, bas an­ nounced its Intention of attending the fourth International good roads con­ gress In Chicago. Miss Alma Rlttenburry of Birming­ ham, Ala., who has espoused the cause of the proposed Jackson Memorial highway from Chicago to New Or­ leans, will consult with the legisla­ tive committee In hope of securing its indorsement and Btate aid for her project. Miss Rlttenburry inaugurated the movement for a national highway In memory of General Jackson at a state good roads convention in Birmingham two years ago. Members of the special committee who have accepted the invitation of the convention and with whom Miss Rlttenburry will confer are Homer J. Tice, Greenville, chairman, and John M. Chamberlin, East St. Louis; Lo­ gan Hay, Springfield; Campbell Heam. Quincy; Albert P. Isley, Newton; William Maclean, Chicago; Robert P. Hill, Marion; H. T. Ireland, Wash­ burn ; Robert S. Jones, Flora, and Ben­ jamin M. Mitchell, Chicago. Probing State Farm. The Hotchkiss investigating com­ mittee bas begun an inquiry into the affaira of the Illinois Manual Train­ ing school farm at Glenwood. As soon as the evidence relating to the Glenwood Institution has been pre­ sented to the Hotchkiss committee. St. Mary's Training School for Boys at Feehanville. the Chicago Industrial School for Girls, which lately has been moved to Desplaines, and the Klnder- freund Society of Illinois will be in­ vestigated. The .whole Inquiry will take about three months. Illinois Fair Is Greatest. For tbe past fifteen years it bat been the proud challenge of Illinois that It had "The Greatest Fair on Earth." Statistics for 1910 prove the claim, which is fully authenticated by hundreds of exhibitors and visitors who annuajly make the grand circuit of state fairs. Tbe Illinois fair is located at Spring- fldld, the smallest site of any with which comparison is made--the popu­ lation of each state fair site, census of 1910. is as follows, as furnished by the World's Almanac: Springfield 61,673 Dea Moines ................... 83,268 Syracuse ...,137,249 Columbus 1R1,54S Louisville 223,fv",o Indianapolis 233.650 Milwaukee : ,373,8o7 Detroit 465.766 St. Paul 516.152 The Minnesota state fair is situated at Hamllne, midway between St. Paul and Minneapolis, about three miles from each. Illinois gave no night show in 1910, while Minnesota,, Iowa and most of the other 6t&tes did. Tbe receipts from gates and exhibitors' tickets were: Minnesota Illinois New York Iowa Kentucky . Ohio ......$150,206 95,128 86,163 80,983 88,912 28.643 The returns from Michigan. Wiscon­ sin and Indiana are not available. It rained at Milwaukee in 1910, and it is probable that tfco receipts were small at those fafcs. Amount paid for premiums--Illinois leads the world and has led it ever since the state fair was established. The cash premiums available in 1911 total over $80,000. For 1910 (except speed) the states named paid: Illinois 141,517 New York 40,8#2 Iowa 38,962 Minnesota 35,310 Ohio 24.5S* Kentucky .' 16.880 It is conceded that Illinois leads the world in attendance from rural com­ munities. Even Minnesota, located within three miles of half a million people, Is far behind Illinois. Attend­ ance 1910: 333,911 318.264 231.000 186.000 105.CKV) 53.985 The estimated value of state fair property in 1910 does not include $215,000 appropriated by the last legis­ lature for new buildings on tbo Illinois grounds. Estimated value of prop­ erty: Illinois $1,106, *03 Minnesota 1,052,375 Ohio 1,000,000 Iowa 750,000 New York 750.000 Kentucky 300,000 The Missouri state fair Is located at 3edalia, a smaller city than Spring­ field. Its receipts. 1910, $33,634; pre­ miums paid, $18,687; attendance, 86, 000; value of property, $433,216. Illinois Minnesota Iowa New York. Kentucky . Ohio Anti-Saloon League Issues Call. From the local headquarters of the Illinois Anti-Saloon League, a call was issued for a state Anti-Saloon league convention to be held November 13-14. The purpose of the convention, so the call states, is to consider the condition of the liquor fight in the state at large and the is­ sues in the coming state campaign. Tbe full scope of the proposed state convention is outlined in part as fol­ lows: "The governorship, the legislature, county local optloa, and Chicago and tbe state are the leading issues and the vital factors In the foury*ur bat­ tle between the temperance forces and the liqffeor interests which begins with the state campaign now on. Here at the very outset of the campaign we purposely define the issues as they af­ fect the future of the temperance cause In Illinois. "The liquor interests will attempt to control the next governor of Illi­ nois. They attempted it four years ago and they will try it again. Tbe next governor of Illinois, whatever his party, should be a man who is willing to let the people rule on the saloon question. "The governor of Illinois is elected for four years. He serves through two sessions of the legislature. To be sure, he cannot pass bills through the house and the senate, but he has it in his power to prevent their enactment Into law even though passed by the house and senate. For four years tem­ perance legislation in Illinois will rest largely In his hands. It requires a two-thirds vote of the house and the senate to pass a bill over the govern­ or's veto. "Every one knows that the flgbt between the temperance forces and the liquor Interests Is so close in Illi­ nois that neither can expect to con­ trol two-thirds of either house or sen­ ate. They are fortunate Indeed if they can secure a bare majority, There­ fore, neither the liquor interests nor the temperance forces can pass a bill over the veto of the governor. The governor can defeat all temperance bills. He can defeat all liquor bills. "The Anti-Saloon league expects you to nominate on your several tick­ ets as candidates for governor men who will favor and approve legislation giving into the hands of tbe people themselves the control of the saloon question." Staunton to Have New Bank. Jacob M. Appel, formerly head of the banking department of the state auditor's office and late vice-president of the La Salle Street National bank in Chicago, soon will become asso­ ciated with E. C. Vandagrift of tbe New St^te and Savings bank at Staun- to, Macoupin county. Staunton 1B situated in the midst of a nch mining field and will make, the new bank promoters think, a first- class location. Board Cuts Valuations. Valuation of Chlcsgo department stores and office buildings dropped more than $5,000,000, according to re­ ductions made by the board of review. The reductions were made from the estimates of the city assessor. Mar­ shall Field & Co. obtained a decrease of $94,480 in the valuation of its prop­ erty. The First Trust and Savings bank secured a reduction of $728,163 on its building. The Commercial National Safe De­ posit company got a reduction of $398,- 800 on its building. Must Show Receipts. State employes who travel at pub­ lic expense have been reminded that they must hereafter submit receipts of all their expenditures for hotel bills, meals, livery hire and other matters of travel. A circular letter to "Jog the mem­ ory" of the different state employes af­ fected has been issued by C. M. Tin- ney, executive secretary in the gov­ ernor's office. Recent failure of a number of travelers to furnish receipts for expenses is said to be responsible HOT the latest reminder. PROFIT IN SHEEP Feeder Sheep and Lambs Art Now Cheap. GOOD MONEY IN PROSPECT ^ Self-Evident Preposition. Good growing stock of any kind that is selling below the cost of production is always a safe investment, if the purchaser Is prepared to tay^ good :are of it He who buys and develops such stock is almost certain to make a good profit in doing so, because pro­ duction will not long continue at a loss, while consumption of staples must go on steadily. Not many others are buying such stock, or else it would not be selling so cheaply, and it follows logically and consistently that when it has been grown and finished for market, there will then be a comparative scarcity of such finished stock and such good prices will be realized for It that a hancteome profit will result from the deal. This reasoning is self-evident, and applies with especial emphasis to the present situation in feeder sheep and lambs. Last year's conditions are now re­ versed. Then nearly everybody was crazy to feed sheep and lambs, and an immense number were sold and shipped to the country at about the highest prices on record. This to­ gether with an enormous corn crop of high feeding value, a world of perfectly cured roughage and a splen­ did winter feeding season were flic- tors that combined to produce a heavy supply of fat sheep and lambs for market during the early part of this year, while retailers of meats held up prices to consumers, so that con­ sumption was limited, with the naf ural and logical result of low pricea and feeders' losses in most instances. In consequence of last year's un­ profitable experience and present scarcity of grass and hay, most farm­ ers and many professional feeders of sheep and lambs are now avoiding the market, and very few are being ship­ ped to the country, while prices are the lowest since 1904. In fact, feed­ er sheep and lambs are selling on the market today for less than the cost of production. These factB mean that early 'next year there will be a scarcity of fat sheep and lambs at market, and com­ paratively high prices will prevaiL Those who have the nerve to go con­ trary to the crowd and invest in good, thin but thrifty feeder sheep and lambs at the present low price, will have no cause to regret their enterpris­ ing independence when they come to market them in finished condition. Tbe concensus of opinion of the best minds in the trade is that since both prices for feeding stock and pros­ pects for fat stock are much better than they were last year, therefore the opportunities for profit are corre­ spondingly better. In fact, the whole situation is the reverse of last year. Now is the time to buy, because range conditions are such that most of the sheep and lambs will come to market from the range regions ready for slaughter, while fewer of the feed­ er classes will be marketed during the remainder of this year, and tbe supply will not equal the probable Fall de­ mand, so that prices are likely to be materially higher in October and No­ vember. 8URE. She--Religion is a wonderful thing. He--Yes; but some people only look on it in the light of fire insurance. PHYSICIAN SAID ECZEMA < CAME FROM TEETHINQ "When my little girl was ab9ut eight months old, she was taken With a very irritating breaking out. which came oil her face, neck and back. When ahe first came down with it, it came in little watery-like festers under her eyes, and on her chin, then after a few days it would dry down in scaly, white scabs. In the daytime she was quite worrysome and would dig and scratch her face nearly all the time. "I consulted our physician and found she was suffering from eczema, which he said came from her teething. I used the ointment he gave me and without any relief at all. Then I wrote for a book on Cuticura, and pur­ chased some Cuticura Soap and Oint­ ment at the drug store. I did as I found directions in the Cuticura Book­ let, and when she was one year old, she was entirely cured. Now she la three years and four months, and she has never been troubled with eczema since she was cured by the Cuti­ cura Soap and Cuticura Ointment. (Signed) Mrs. Freeman Craver, 811 Lewis St., Syracuse, N. Y., May 6, 1911. Although Cuticura Soap and Ointment are sold everywhere, a sam­ ple of each, with 82-page book, will be mailed free on application to "Cuti­ cura," Dept. 2 K, Boston. Lingering. "Did you have a trial before you hanged that horse thief?" "We sure did," replied Piute Pete. "He was a mighty bad man and we wanted to give him all the unpleas­ ant suspense possible." How About It? It may also be true that the roll- ing moss gathers no rocks.