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OTENRY PLA0DEALER, nm fCLUOED flBYSSSUSA WHY THE COUNTRY IS CUT OFF FROM ME REST OF JBE WORLD £ •v-- life' n m i- n*-V . CAzTZfjuzD cxtQjZS jytt&artf nr r&g JBtJosariSez? 1^5 MAII'S LIFE SAVED John Robertson, an Escaped In­ sane Patient, Has a "Hair- Raising Experience. TORTURED FORTY DAYS us-L- i ; : Ĵ CULDIIf&.aPA C&ZZ& C&&VWT NOTHER unconfirmed report of the death of Menelik II., emperor of Abyssinia, has drawn attention to that monarch's isolated and lit­ tle-known kingdom, which since the monarch's illness has been governed by a council of ministers. The present ruler's reign began in 1889, when, taking advantage of the disordered state of northern Abyssinia, Menelik proclaimed himself king of kings of Ethiopia on March 12, 1889, and was crowned at Entollo on November 3 of the same year. Ras M&ngascia, a natural son of Theodore, made several attempts to regain power, but Mene­ lik defeated all efforts to overthrow him. He conducted his government with firmness and sagacity and steadily consolidated his power. In the first year of his reign he made a treaty with the Italians, practically placing Abyssinia under their protectorate, they on their part agree­ ing to lend him 4.000,000 francs. In connequence of disputes with the Italians and their encroach­ ment on his territory and also of differences re­ lative to the Ucciali treaty Menelik raised a large army and inflicted a serious reverse on the Italian advance guard at Umbalago in December, 1895. The 'Negus then made propositions of peace, but they were unacceptable to the Italians as they Included 3 demand for retirement and "also for a modification of the Ucciali treaty. On February 24, 1896, the Abysslnians concen­ trated at Adowa and were pursued there by the Italian forces under General Baratleri. The Ital­ ian troops advanced against the Abysslnians in three columns, but the configuration of the coun­ try permitted Menelik to concentrate his men in an attack on the left column, and the other two columns being prevented--partly by the config­ uration of the ground and partly it is said by bad dispositions consequent on a want of unanimity amongst the generals--from arriving in time to assist the Italians suffered an overwhelming de­ feat with a loss of 7,000 men killed and wounded. This caused the fall of Signor Crispi's govern­ ment, and ^General Valles was sent with full power to treat, and an agreement fully recognis­ ing the independence of Abyssinia was signed. Meneiik had three concubines, by whoih lie had one son, who died at the age of thirteen, and two daughters. One of them, Zeodita (Judith), married a Dijasmach who was governor of the Wonomigra Gal las, and the other, Schoagasch, jnarrled Ras Michael, governor of the Wollo Galla country. \ Menelik married in 1883 Taltou, the present empress. She was a daughter of Batul, a former Has of Gondar, where the women are famous for their white skins. She herself was a great beau­ ty and very fair. She first married Waldo Ga­ briel, one of King Theodore's generals, but he was killed by Theodore shortly after their mar­ riage. Soon after King Theodore's death she took for her second husband Dedjaz Tekla Geor- gis, whom she divorced. She was then married for the third time to the governor of one of the provinces, who was subsequently imprisoned by King John of Abyssinia. She then returned to a convent for a time but left there to marry the Kanjazmach Likargacho. Then Menelik fell in love with her, and in 1883, all obstacles having been removed, she made him her fifth husband. Queen Taitou has borne Menelik no children. She has the reputation of being a woman of unusual strength of character and Is said to have had great influence with her husband. She does not, however, share his views with regard to the encouragement of foreigners and foreign ways, but is much more inclined to discourage foreign Intercourse and foreign civilization and to keep Abyssinia and its inhabitants to the customs ari£ cruder methods of the old regime. According to report It was she who stiffened the fcackbone of Menelik during the varying fortune) of the battle of Adowa, and It .was her ad\1ce that In­ duced him to hold on until the ammunition of the Italian column was exhausted and so enabled him to surround and decimate the force opposing him. A clever retort is ascribed to Queen Taitou when a foreign representative was impressing upon her the advantages of foreign and more nomss2?om) oir && am -ctiflt Jtezrte*. civilized countries, instancing telephones, rail­ ways, etc., aftd the various luxuries of civilised life. "If," she said, "things are' so much better and pleasanter over there, why do your people dome here?" The defeat of the Italians greatly Increased the prestige of Menelik. He presented President -Carnot with the Order of the Holy Ghost and also sent him two tame lions. Afterwards he renewed negotiations with Prance, which had lapsed in 1891. He also sent a mission to the czar, and in February, 1897, he concluded a com­ mercial treaty with the French, who in March of the same year dispatched an embassy under M. Lagarde to his court. In 1898 a British mission under Sir Rennell Rodd was received by Menelik in great state, 20,000 troops being present, and in spite of the efforts of Colonel Leontieff at the head of the Russian mission and Prince Henri d'Orleans, who were endeavoring to induce him to thwart Brit­ ish efforts in Soudan, a treaty was concluded between the British government and Menelik. A curious circumstance connected with the Brit­ ish embassy was that the average height of the officials of the mission was over six feet, wlji<;h fact appears to have greatly impressed the Abys­ slnians. The chief points of the treaty, which was ratified by Queen Victoria in July, were a settlement of the British Somali Protectorate frontier, the keeping open of the trade route frem Zeylah to Harrar, and the prevention of transit through Abyssinia of arms for the Mah- dlsts. In a letter to Queen Victoria Menelik said, "A treaty of peace now exists between our gov­ ernments, and we hope it will'increase In firm­ ness and last forever." In April, 1898, Lieutenant Harrington of the Bombay staff corps--now Sir John Lane Har­ rington, K. C. M. G.--who had been acting as British vice-consul on the Somali coast, was sent as British agent to Menelik's court, where he remained up to 1909. His firmness and the able management of such questions as arose from time to time between the British and Abys­ sinian governments gained him the confidence of Menelik and gave him considerable influence In the country. In October, 1898, Ras Mangascia, governor of Tigre, rebelled and a large force was sent against him, but eventually negotiations were opened up and they settled matters amicably. Since that period Menelik continued consolidating his power, and his great force of character made itself felt to such an extent that peace has reigned through- oat all his dominions from one end of the coun­ try to the other; the mandates of Menelik have been received with profound respect and implicit­ ly obeyed. One nation after another has rilw- patched a representative to Abyssinia, and Mene- lik was until his recent illness In touch with the whole civilized world. In November, 1909, Menelik was struck with cerebral paralysis and was stated to be at the point of death. A proclamation in his name was read to the chiefs preaching peace and unity and obedience to the successor he had selected, LiJ Yasu. Ras Tesamma was to continue to be the guardian of his heir, and his majesty called down the curse of the Almighty on anyone who might attempt to oppose his successor. After this he recovered his bodily health, but was too feeble mentally to attend to his work. He suf­ fered another relapse In the summer of 1909, but 7&&RX&EBZr& ZBiLBZR tRX ZRg&S Af dV&LDQZZX' WEZ&& made a satisfactory recovery. In November. 1909, he had a paralytic stroke which, depriving him of all speech and almost of motion, entirely incapacitated him from all work. Since then, notably in 1910, he has on more than one occ* slon been reported dead, and although 'these ru­ mors have been at once denied the fact remain* that for the last two or three years he hns been a mere figurehead, the government of the coun­ try having been carried out by a council of min­ isters under the presidency of LiJ Yasu, the heir- apparent, and during this period it is doubtful whether he has been seen by any one but a few select court officials. LIJ Yasu, the heir-apparent, is the son of Mene- ilk*B daughter, Schoagasch, and Ras Michael, and was born in 1897. Voyagers whose ways take them "somewhere* east of Suez" may know something of Djibouti, but to the average person Djibouti is "practically unknown. Suffice it to say that, although sit­ uated in the French Somaliland protectorate. It Is practically the only port that serves the coun­ try of Abyssinia. From Djibouti a single track (metregauge) railway runs to Dire-Dawa, some 185 miles in­ land. The trains run twice a week and the jour­ ney frequently tabes 11 hours to accomplish, passing through some of the most desolate desert country Imaginable. Dire-Dawa has grown up around the railway terminus, and as It is some 3,000 feet above the sea level Is much cooler than Djibouti. The place is not very large, but the wide streets and white­ washed buildings give the place an air of space and cleanliness. There is a large Arab and Somali settlement adjoining. Here one comes under Abyssinian officialdom and one's baggage has to pass the Abyssinian customs, usually not a very trying ordeal. At Dire-Dawa travelers to Adis Ababa have to arrange their own caravans for the journey. Both mules and camels are available, but usually mules are taken, as they cover the journey In much quicker time than camels, which are usual­ ly only employed for heavy baggage and mer­ chandise One has choice of three routes from Dire-Dawa to the capital--the Cher-cher route, by which one travels along the Cher-cher, moun­ tain range through fine forest and amongst beau­ tiful pine-topped hills. This route is rather long­ er than the others, but is by far the most com­ fortable, as it is cooler, and one may purchase fresh provisions--milk, eggs, and sheep--from the small Abyssinian villages that one passes en route. Camels are unable to take this track, ' owing to the many steep ascents and descents, which can only be managed by mule or donkey. The second trail is via the Asabot, passiiig along the foot of the Cher-cher range and joining the former route near the Hawash river. This route passes through the flat Danakil country, through great forests of mimosa trees and occa- slonjd open plains, where one meets from time to time enormous herds of cattle and camels guarded by fierce-looking Danakil shepherds armed with spears and curved knives. No pro­ visions can be purchased on this route, but It is fairly good going except during the very dry season before the rains begin, when water Is apt to be scarce. The third route, the Bllan, runs farther north in the Danakil country, and though flat is very trying on account of the great heat and long marches that hare to be made from waterinr place to watering place. From Tchoba it is two days' journey to Goi> dabourka at the foot of the Balehi pass. Here the track rises nearly 900 feet, a sheer ascent, and the'steepest cllub on the journey. The path Is simply cut along the mountain side, and at times one is about six inches from a drop of 200 feet. From Balchi the road is very uninteresting, passing through long rolling plains of cultivated land, and about two days brings one in sight of the capital. The view of the city as one approaches is very fine. A large circle of hills surrounds it, and on a small elevation running out into the center of the circle is built the "guebi," or emperor's palace. There are hardly any buildings of impor­ tance, and the guebi itself is but a miscellaneous collection of semi-European and native buildings. Hourly Dripping of Rusty Pipe Pre­ vents Death of Chicagoan Who Flees Kankakee Guards--He Lost ••Venty-five Pounds During Tim* Kankakee, 111.--Drip--drip--drip! • drop of water every hour for 49 days, the biblical limit of fasting, fell Into the eager mouth of John Robert­ son, who was eent from Chicago to the Kankakee State Hospital for the In* sane. For 40 days that drop an hoar was all he had to sustain him. Hia story was told as he lay in the hospital and watched with gaunt eyes hi* nurseB as they endeavored to coax life into hie emaciated body. In the 46 days Robertson had fallen in weight from 146 pounds to 75. In a mad endeavor to escape from the asylum Robertson slipped from a squad of. men marching back from work In the fields. He had never been "a violent" patient But the idea of freedom had worn on him. Unnoticed by the guards he slipped through the asylum grounds and dashed for lib­ erty. He forced his way into the window of the first building that he ran across. It was an abandoned building, desert­ ed because of the insanitary condition. Into the dark cellar of this structure Robertson slipped. He had no food and no drink. Hour after hour he watched by the window for a chance to escape. But the guards were alert Everywhere he saw them searching with their rifles. He watched and waited. In the deep silence one day, when his tongue was swollen from lack of water, he heard: "Drip--drip--drip." From a rusty water pipe, green with the crust of slime, a drop of water was falling. Once every hour, with the reg­ ularity of a clock it dripped into the fungus-smelling earth. With a glad cry Robertson, weak from hunger and thirst, cast himself upon the leak. He was too ill to stand. He sank limply to the ground and fainted. Hb was aroused when a drop of water struck him in the face. It was cold. He twisted about until he had approximated the fall of the wa­ ter. He tried to rise, but sank back again helplessly. The next drop of water struck his cheek. By this time he had reckoned where the leak would send Its saving drop.- He screwed hia body into that OLD FRENCH FORTRESS V The first' white settlement within j Lawrenoo river. This fort was ,the present limits' of Vermont was ' dedicated to St. Anne, the mother made in the summer of 1666, when Sleur de la Mothe, a captain of the Carignan regiment, with a few com- "IpanionS of French' soldiers, was sent %*.;<pto what is now known Isle I/i X Motte, near the northern entrance to ; ,4;^ Lake Champlain, to erect a fort, ^l^/which was part of a chain of fortifl- «atioaa extending south firoar tke St of the Virgin, and here a chapel was erected. In the fall of 1666 Fort St Anne was used as a rendezvous for €00 French veterans, 600 Cana­ dian inhabitants, and 100 Indians, under command of Marquis de Tracy, this being a force sent out to subdue the Mohawks. Probably this bitt Isle La Motte was long a favorite stopping place along this great natu­ ral highway, and it is reasonable to suppose that the site of the French fortress never again became wholly a wilderness.--National Magazine. Women In Japan. Japan Is said to have been progress­ ing by leaps and bounds, «s far as the condition of women is concerned. The empress was the first to make an on- ward movement, sending a certain tort was maintained only a few years, { number of promising girls each year to be educated In America at her ex­ pense. Kindergartens have been opened for quite young children, and every child is required to attend a school on the first term after complet­ ing its sixth year, Japan has a Rom­ an's university, In which the teaching is said to be of a high order. There is a girls' high school attached to It Many professions and trades are be- lng opened to women. Mind and Body Centered on the Leak In Pips. position. With his mouth op§n and his dry and coated tongue forced between his Hps he waited. An hour passed. The drop came. It had a "brassy" taste. But it was wa­ ter. Once the drip of the water was gauged, Robertson rested. In the dark­ ness of the foul basement--where the only possible means of escape was a small window--Robertson almost smiled. All thought of eecape was gone now. Robertson had passed the stage of thinking all except one thought--water. Hour after hour he waited. Once every hour that drop of salvation slipped down the cor­ roded pipe and fell into bis mouth. Then one day some workmen, look­ ing through the old building to see from what point they might begin to tear it down, slid through the base­ ment window. With difficulty they en- tered the place. The first of them had an electric pocket lamp. He flashed It "Old clothes," he remarked to his companion. "I didn't think they let that kind of stuff lay around." His light had fallen on the spot un­ der the leak In the pipe. "Must have been here for a couple of weeks, too," replied his fellow worker. "Look at the mold on 'em." A bit later their work took them to that side of the basement Passing the spot under the leaking pipe the first worker kicked at the rags. "Good God!" he acclaimed. It's a man!" Robertson opened his white eyelids. "Let me go!" he shouted. "You can't tike me away from the water. It's all the water there is." His voice died away In a harsh eroak. Then he became tmconscious. Man Arrested for Gossiping. Marinnette, Wis.--Peter Kesoski of Niagara was arrested here charged with gossiping. He is the first man to be prosecuted under the new "gossip law." The arrest followed the charge that Kesoski called a woman an un­ savory name in conversation with friends in a bar room. ALCOHOL--3 PER CEKT AVfctfttebfc Preparation for K t - • •_ «INHHIIN(| INC I UVUOIFU TVCYUUI- ting rt* Stoaachs and Bowel* of I \ > \ \ < H 1 L D K L N * . - Promotes DigestioaCheerfui- nrssand Rest .Con tains neither Opium,Morphine nor Mineral NOT NARCOTIC /fnfJtkm Smd - Jv tjXx Arma » JttflMfe** •- 1 S--t« » - 1 /Brrw. 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