Lives in Greatest Luxury, Taking) Baths and Shower* at / Will. " U- »AXNK.BUIVir<iU 1»I BU » 10nf> ^, find curlouB history and did not originate Entirely with the Pil grims at Plymouth, for Thanksgiv-' ing days are mentioned ih the Bi ble--days set apart for giving thanks to God for some special mercy. These days of fast and prayer were customary in England before the Reformation, and later >, the Protestants appointed certain days of praise •ad thanks for various blessings. The discov ery of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 in London brought the common sentiment of Thanksgiving. A scheme had been formed to blow up parlia ment house on the 6th of November, the first <; day of the session. Great quantities of gunpow der and inflammable material were found con-:, sealed in the vaults underneath the building. The' plot was discovered and the traitors were exe cuted. In consequence of this deliverance the day was ordered to be kept as "a public thanks giving to Almighty God" every year that "un feigned thankfulness may, never be forgotten, and that all ages to come may yield praises to God's divine majesty for the same." All ministers were ordered to say prepers thereon, for which special forms were provided. This annual thanksgiving, together with one established later on May 29, W*b abolished in 1833 iu England, for both had fallen into disuse. For several years afterwards, however, these days were recognized in New {England by the Episcopal church on account of its place in their church calendars. England continued to have special days appointed for giv ing thanks, and as recently as 1872 there was a" day selected for the public to offer prayers of thanksgiving for the recovery of the late King Edward, then prince of Wales, from typhoid (ever. -v ' JThe first thanksgiving on the American contk nent was held by an English mlhister nagied Wolfall, and was celebrated off the coast of New foundland. This pious man accompanied the Frobisher expedition which brought the first Eng lish colony to North America. The log of the ship gives the record of the day's observances and tells how on Monday, May 28, 1678, aboard the Ayde, the men received communion, and how Minister Wolfall in a sermon gave humble and hearty thanks to God for hiB miraculous deliver ance in these dangerous placeB. This was the first Christian sermon preached in North Ameri can waters. Again in 1607 there was a similar service held at Sagadahoc--a little village on the coast of Maine. There is little record of this thanksgiving except that it consumed only a few hours of the day, after which the people returned to their labors. The great American Thanksgiving day had its origin in the Massachusetts colony in 1621, and Gov. William Bradford, the first governor of that little band of sturdy pilgrims, sent out the first Thanksgiving proclamation, setting apart a day for prayer and rejoicing over the plenteous har vest of that year. The Englishmen recalled their Guy Fawkes thanksgiving, and the Dutch remem bered hearing their ancestors speak of the great day of praise and prayer held at Leyden, Hol land, in 1578, when that city was delivered from a siege. So, the entire colony began their pious preparation for what proved to be the gayest Thanksgiving the colony ever knew, for after the first one, which lasted several days, the Puritan Thanksgiving meant long sermons, long prayers and long faces. Governor Bradford de termined that the initial Thanksgiving should be celebrated with no little ceremony and that feasting should play a part In the occasion. His tory tells us that lie Bent out four men, who were to search for game for the feaBt Many fowls were shot--in fact, enough to meet the wants of the colony for a week. Wild turkeys predominated, so it seems that the turkey made its appearance early in the history of Thanks giving. The day selected was December 13 (old style). At the dawn of that day a small cannon was fired from the hill and a procession was formed near the beach, _close to where the Plymouth Rock now rests. Elder Brewster, wear ing his ministerial garb and carrying the Bible, led the procession as it moved solemnly along the street; The men walked three abreast, with Governor Bradford in the rear. There was a long service in the meeting house, and after it was over there was a dinner--and such a din ner had never been known in the colony, for, apart from the savory turkey and other wild fowl, the i(omen had done their share in pro viding good things from the limited supply at their command. The most dramatic Incident oc curred when the dinner was in progress, for as if by magic 90 friendly red men, under King Massasoit, appeared, carrying haunches of veni son as an addition to the feast Thanksgiving day soon lengthened into days, for the psalm- singing and feasting. Interspersed with war dances, were continued several days. After that Thanksgiving days took on a differ ent aspect, and occurred at any season; some times twice a year, or sometimes a year or two BUPP«Q| JuK BP jtfeased the governor of • the colony, until 1664, when the day became a formal one in Massachu setts. Other colonies fol lowed the example, and pretty soon all New Eng land Joined in giving thanks on the same day. . During the Revolution- war Thanksgiving days became a fashion, and the continental con- gresB set apart at least : tikght days during oye "year for that purpose. pn December 18, 1777, General Washington ls- ': sued a proclamation for a general Thanksgiving to be celebrated by the sot- « dfers of the Continental army. In 1789 congress decided to ask the president to issue a proclama tion asking the people to suspend work and give thanks on a certain day of the year. There had been considerable opposition to the passage of the bill, some of the reasons given being more • humorous than serious. President Washington a/iquiesced in the wishes of congress and issued a proclamation appointing November 26 of that year as the day for the American people to Join in thanksgiving to God for the care and pro tection he had given them in their plentiful • harvest and freedom from epidemics. s From time to time our presidents Issued proclamations, but It was generally left to the governors of the states to determine on what day it should occur. Under the administration of John Adams two national fast days were ob served, but no real Thanksgiving. It was not until 1815, after three national fasts on account: of the wnr, that another national Thanksgiving was appointed by the president, James Madison. - This was due to peace with Great Britain.^ After tikis there was another lull in proclamations as far as presidents were concerned until 1849, when President Taylor set a day of fast on August the t^ird on account of the cholera. Meanwhile the national Thanksgiving day seemed to be dying out, except in the New England states. Then came the Civil war, and the nation was again summobed to fasting, and two such days were kept in 1861--January 4 and September 26--but it was not until 1863 that the horizon had so brightened as to warrant the appointment of a national Thanksgiving. Immediately after the Battle of Gettysburg Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, a Boston woman, wrote to President Lincoln suggesting a national thanksgiving, and following her advice, the president set apart Thursday, August 6, as day of "praise and prayer." On November 26 , of the same year another Thanksgiving was kept, and this was really a great festival and observed in every northern state. In 1864 the 24th of November was kept. After this, with one ex ception, our great national day of thanks has been celebrated on the last Thursday in No- ! yember. • The presidential proclamations contain very . little that is new or original and usually take the • form of an essay. In 1898, after the Spanish- American war, President McKinley had a chance to vary the conventional form by "giving special thanks for the restoration of peace." This was " Just 100 years after Washington's proclamation. President Roosevelt, who always did original things, declared "that a Thanksgiving proclama tion could not be made a brilliant epigram mat i- cal paper." The-proclamation of the president Stamps the feast with a sort of official character --•something possessed by no other holiday. This- proclamation does not make It a legal holiday-- it merely recommends that the people suspend business for the day. A special statute in each state is required to make the day a legal holi day, and this has not been enacted in every state.* ^ ! The day was originally set apart for thanksgiv ing, fasting, prayer and religious devotions, butv the modern Thanksgiving has become a day of feasting and jollity, and is made the occasion of all sorts of sports and festivities. ' The craze for outdoor life keeps many from the churches,, although the places of worship continue to be filled with "a goodly company," who gather to • give thanks to him "from whom cotneth evfery good and every perfect gift" The turkey is still king of the Thanksgiving feast and as an addition the good things of the field and vineyard have been added. The famous pigeon pie, which was a popular Thanksgiving dish In the early part of the nineteenth century, is rarely seen in these days. The wild pigeons, which alighted in great numbers on the buck wheat fields, were enticed by a decoy duck with in a spring net and caught by the hundred. .. They were kept alive and fattened on grain until • the day before Thanksgiving, when they were killed and made into a pie for the Thanksgiving table. Most of the old customs of the day have •pn, nazA, ymvz&S*-̂ 39ZGR2>T&aZ#4f, passed out of existence. The turkey raffle with dice is still a custom In some parts of the coun try. Usually the turkey itf a tough bird, which was purchased cheap by the proprietor of the saloon (for the raffle usually takes place there). The raffle, of course, draws a crowd of men, who incidentally patronise the bar during the pro ceedings. Another sportive feature of Thanks giving no longer in vogue was the shooting match, where live turkeys tied to sticks were used. This cruel practice was abandoned be cause the New England clergy objected, not on account of its cruelty, but because it kept the men away from the church service. This reason seems to fit in with the idea of *he men back in the seventeenth century who, while they were eating a Thanksgiving dinner of venison, discos ered that the deer had been killed on Sunday. They at once sent for the Indian and had him publicly whipped, and also compelled him to return the money which he had been paid for the deer. This being done, they at once re sumed their dinner and finished up the venison. New York<aeity is responsible for the strangest of all Thanksgiving customs, and one which has only recently died out. Toung men and boys used to dress themselves In fantastic garb and parade the streets--hundreds of the boys wear ing their sisters' old clothes, their faces smeared with paint and their heads covered with wigs. As late as 1885 they held parades and made the street hideous with their thumping drums and blaring trumpets. In 1870 this queer perform ance took on the dignity of a political parade and prizes were distributed to the companies wearing the most unique clothing. Senator William M. Tweed, the famous political boss of that period, was the donor of a prize of $500 In gold. This custom was undoubtedly a survival of Guy Fawkes days, carried out on a later day in the year; for some unknown reason it was practiced inly in New Tork city. Thanksgiving has always been a day' of char ity, and In the old days It was considered bad luck to turn even a tramp from the door, and today our friendly Inns, almshouses and charit able institutions have their turkey dinners, usual ly gifts from charitable people. Our prisons, too, serve their Inmates with a hearty meal and have some sort of service of praise. The customs of the great national holiday may have changed somewhat, yet the spirit of the first Thanksgiv ing, which was held at Plymouth, in 1621, still hovers about the national day 'of prayer and praise of the twentieth century--a spirit of thankfulness to God for his mercy and kindness to the people of our great American republic. FOR ARRIVING COOKS. *How will I find the house?** asked the oook. who had booked for Lonelyville. "Can't |d wrong," said her employer. "Our suburb maintains a reception committee at the depot RUINS MANY CENTURIES OLD \ Invaluable Areheologlcal J*yt Been Reported From Find Has New Mexico. Forgotten cities of a prehistoric people, far beyond what was deemed the furthest eastern limit of the town building Indians, were reported by Father Julius Hartman of the Catho lic parish at Wiilard, Torrance coun ty, New Mexico, to the School of at Santa Fe. , Father Hartman was compelled to give up his explorations by the se vere weather until next spring, but made a survey of sixty miles of ruins 'and rock inscriptions extending from 'the present Mexican village of Plnos- wells, Torrance county, to the Canyon Pintada, in a region that Is desolate and uninhabited and touched only at long intervals by sheep herders. The ruins of the villages and com munal dwelllifgs antedate the Span ish conquest of 300 or more years ago, and Judging from the debris that cov- ' " ,~'J» ~ r •,, ,.»•/ > ; era the sites and hides the ruins, the cities are 1,000 or more years old. The two villages nearest to Plnos- wells are located on a high mound and tho communal buildings are cir cular in form. • From the burial place Father Hart man took sk«Jetons, funeral urns, pot? tery, stone Implements and weapons and other relics characteristic of the prehistoric town builders of 4he Rio Grand valley. The pictures of the granite walls, however, are apparently more con- nected and more vigorous fhan those found in the famous cliff dwellings west of Santa Fe. They depict scenes of the hunt and are interspersed with symbolic figures, such as the plumed serpent, the thunder clouds and forked lightning. .£. • . City of Mexico, Nor. 19.--A coup d* etat appears imminent. The expecta tion is that General Huerta, provision al president, will be arrested by order of General Blanquet, who will have the support of the army chiefs In this move toward restoring peace in Mex ico. Significance is attached by the pub lic to the fact that General Huerta has gone to the castle of Chapultepec. It taken for granted that his move is £o insure his greater personal safety. He had tcld his staff and personal friends that if any disaster came he would be the only one to suffer. The report has been revived, how ever, that Huerta intends to resign after congress convenes in regular ses sion Thursday. This! was based on a declaration attributed to a member of the new chamber of deputies on Mon day. General Huerta proceeded with his efforts to organize the new congress regardless of the notice given to him by John Llnd that serious conse quences would follow such a step. Therefore an early breaking of rela tions between the United States and Mexico was regarded as inevitable. Whether the United States embassy will be withdrawn appears to be a mat ter of which Nelson O'Shaughnessy, American charge d'affaires, 1b uncer tain. > \ . Organization of congress was com pleted on Monday. Enough senators were gathered to form a quoruni. Gen. Francisco Pronces was chosen tem porary chairman and a committee on credentials was. appointed. A similar committee of the chamber of deputies began revising the deputies' creden tials. President Huerta talked at night to his staff and personal friends regard ing the possibility of intervention by the United States. He intimated that he would be ready to resist Buch a step. The opinion was expressed in vari ous circles that the United States soon would inaugurate a blockade of Mexl- oan ports. The exodus of foreigners, especially Americans, continued all day. The trains to Vera Cruz were jammed. Many American citizens reached the capital from small towns in the in terior. Many declared the situation had reached its most acute stage. A number of business concerns whose headquarters are abroad re ceived cabled instructions to send the women and children of their employes out of the federal capital. Admiral von Hintze, German «tainia- ter, declared that he believed there Was no reason for anxiety. "A plan 'is being considered," he said, "by which armed intervention will most surely be avoided." /The German minister, however, convened the German merchants and- informed them that an American blockade of Mexico's ports waB com ing In three days. He asked the names of the merchants, also an in ventory of the goods they expected from abroad In the immediate future, saying thiB was for the purpose of getting the goods through the block ade if possible. Vera Cruz, Nov. 19.--Manuel Garza Aldape, who recently resigned as Huerta's minister of the interior, sailed from Vera Cruz on Monday on the steamship Espagne With his wife and children. Before the steamer left port Aldape told some \)f his follow ers that Minister Moheno planned to poison Huerta. Aldape was escorted to the quay by troops from the City of Mexico and was virtually under ar rest, secret police following him to the steamer. He said, however, he was proceeding to Paris to take up the duties of Mexican minister to France. Austin, Tex., Nov. 19.--Threats to make Texas "answer to the whole Mexican people" unless mercy is shown Mexican ammunition smug-? glers arrested last September at Garrizo Springs, were telegraphed to Governor Colquitt by 127 Mexicans under date of San Marcos, Tex. There were 14 smugglers, 11 of whom are awaiting trial. If the Mexicans start any trouble we will protect our citizens, and not wait for Washington to°act," said Gov ernor Colquitt after a conference with Adjutant General Hutchings. Woman Palntsr Is Dead. San Francisco, Nov. 18.--Mrs. Nellie Burrell Scott, who won international fame as a painter of fish life, died from a complication of diseases. Exhibi tions of Mrs. Scott's canvases have been made in every state in the Union. New 8enator for Alabama. Birmingham, Ala., Nov. 19.-- Hon. Frank P. Glass, editor of the Birming ham News and president of the Mont gomery Advertiser, was appointed U. S. senator by Gov. O'Neel to succeed the late Senator Joseph F. Johnston. . W. A. Harrlman to Work. Omaha, Neb., Nov. 19.--In order that he may know something of the practi cal end of operating jl railroad, Mr. W. Averil Harriman, son of the late E. H. Harriman, will go to work in the Union Pacific headquarters in this city. S2SO.OOO.OOO Strike Defense Fund. London. Nov. 19.--The employers of the United Kingdom are forming a new union and propose to raise a guaranty fund of $2,500,000,000 Jn order to yrotect themselves against strike moTements by the trade unions. Improved Parachute^' A parachute patented by a new Yorker consists of a pair of hemi spherical buoys to be fastened to a man by harness instead at tfte usual umbrella-like affair. Auto Racer Is Killed. 'flftck Island, III., Nov. 19.---Rey C. McDermott of Moline was filled in an auto wreck when the car he was driv ing skidded over a steep cliff ten miles from the city. McDermott made s record as an amateur racer Death was instaneous. Springfield.--Charles Rice, colored, was sentenced to life imprisonment for killing Special Deputy Sheriff James Martin, after he had entered a plea of guilty. * Duquoin.--When the quail season opened scores of nimrods were in quest of the birds. Quail abound in large numbers in Perry county, largely due to the copious rains of the early spring and summer. Effingham.--Arthur Mason of Wat son, one of the accredited Odd "Fallow Instructors of Illinois, was accidental ly shot near here by his brother, John Mason of Decatur. Arthur was behind some brush when hirf brother shot at quail. The wounded man is not dan gerously injured. Springfield.--The sheriff's office and Coroner Rhodes are investigating the death of August Polck, a workingmanr- whose body Was found on the Chicago & Alton tracks near Auburn. From the appearance of the neck, it is thought, the man might have been murdered. Pinckneyville.--Robert Wilson, for merly a convict in the Chester peni tentiary, was caught here by J. C Wildy and James Thetford. Wilson was wanted in Arthur on a charge ol robbing a store of $400 worth of cloth ing. When arrested he had on clothing taken from the store, it is Bald. Springfield.--Governor Dunne re fused the request of a moving picture film company to permit motion pic tures to be made of convicts in thej Joliet penitentiary, saying he did not believe that likenesses of unfortunate inqiates should be exposed in public, for educational or any other purposes. Rock Island.--John B. Schoessel, fifty-one yeare old, foreman of the machine shops at the Rock Island Gov ernment arsenal,( was murdered on the doorstep of his home In this city while returning from choir practice. He was accosted by three men at his gate and was stabbed through the heart. His assailants escaped. There is no known motive. Springfield.--"Corn Day" was ob served in practically all of the 20,000 public schools throughout the state of Illinois, Ih accordance with a proc lamation issued several weeks ago by State Superintendent of Schools Blair, most of the classes in every school devoted a portion of the day to exercise in which the state's principal crop figured prominently. Anna.--Union county farms were damaged approximately $20,000 by the freezing weather of October 31, which ruined all the sweet potatoes in the ground at that time. It 1B estimated that nearly 1,000 acres have been left in the ground by the growers. The loss ranges from ten to twenty acres and falls heaviest on the renters and those who depend on this crop ex clusively. The yield would have aver aged 100 bushelo an acre. Joliet.--H. A. Kellogg, twenty years old, who says he Is a student in the University of California and a wealthy resident of Los Angeles, Is in a crit ical condition in St Joseph's hos pital here as a result of a fall from a train. Kellogg was found beside the tracks of the Chicago, Rock Island ft Pacific railroad. He told police he had been hurled from the observation platform of a California train after a quarrel with two men. Springfield.--State penal, reforma tory, education and charitable institu tions will undergo a searching fire Inspection, it was announced, by the state fire marshal Acting State Fire Marshal F. R. Morgaridge will make the investigation. Not only will large institutions be included, but county jails, almshouses and like buildings will undergo the same test. The in vestigation results from reports from investigators working under the state board of administration. Decatur.--Lynn Legett, a wealthy Wapelia farmer, was flned $500 and costs by Judge Hill at Clinton for ^hooting at L, L. Gibbons of Decatur, conductor on an Illinois Traction Sys tem car recently. Legett, it was charged, raised a disturbance and was put off the car: He whipped out a revolver and fired at the conductor and the bullet perforated the door. The case attracted considerable atten tion in this section of the state. Eureka.--The Christian church ex tended a unanimous call to Rev. H. W. Blair of North Tonawanda, N. T. Doc tor Blair has been holding- a series of meetings here and the church hae been highly pleased with his efforts. He is a graduate of Butler college and Yale university and held pastorate in both Indiana and New York. He is expected to begin here in a month or six weeks. Winchester.--While John Rile? Hamilton, a Civil war veteran, was celebrating his seventy-fifth birthday anniversary be suffered an attack of heart failure ahd died. Waukegan.--A jury in the Lake county circuit court gave a $5,000 verdict to six small children of Carl Hog strum against Peter Wember and Steve Cvetan, saloonkeepers who were charged with selling liquor to Hog- strum, making him incapable of sup porting the children, who, after their mother was sent to an asylum for the insane, were taken to Lake Bluff or phanage. Grayville.--The session of the Pres byterian church of this city has ap pointed a committee to select plans for a new churchhouse to cost about $10,000. The structure will be erected In the spring. The old building, a frame structure, jwaa erected about 186«. Mount Vernon.--Bank robber "Jim Watson" attempted to commit suicide by slashing his arm with a razor. He was found unconscious In a cell calling for his mother. "Watson/* who refuses to give his real name, attempted to rob the Jefferson State bank a vveek ago. IT SUFFERS :• TV: V-' -A" •' /:y<*v w M'HENRY PkAINDEAkBRy M'HENRY, i M Y JAIL NEWS NUGGETS FROM ILLINOIS BLAN&UKT REPORTED READY TO <M|!tEST DICTATOR NAME 8UCCESS0R. Nashville.--The First Presbyterian church has extended a unanimous call to Rev. H. Grant Dusenberry of As sumption Gibson City.--H. T. BreningerK a lineman, was electrocuted here by coming -in contact with a live wlro urhflo at tfc of the pole. LEADER POISON Ousted Minister Aldape Asserts •>»• heno Planned to Kill Presldei£*» Executive Flees to Castie ' for Safety. 3ZLG&ft® Gmtf&ZV QfURCff-* Dignity Was Disturbed to the Extent] of Being Dragged by the Nape of! the Neck Into Wire Cage by Con»| mon Dog Catcher. y Chicago.--Theo, one of Chicago's most aristocratic canines, suffered high insult the other day. Its mie- tress, Mrs. J. De Vos, who lives ilk Grand Boulevard, near Forty-sixth street, said so. It was taken to the vulgar pound- by one of those horrid dog catchera and forced to mingle wlthl, common dogs. / The experience disturbed Tbeaftjj equipose. The dog's dignity was dis turbed to the extent of being dragged > ^by the nape of the neck into a wins cage. To recompense the insult Theo was given a three hour ride in an up*., holstered limousine through the South side parks. Then Theo return' ed home to Theo's four-room apart> , ment Yes--get it right--it is Theo's apart ment, and It is located at 2402 Powell park. The bachelor apartments--which cost $25 monthly--of Theo are up to date in appointments. There is a bed with a downy pillow, white counter* panes and luxurious comforters. There is a porcelain bathtub with shower attachment, where Theo takes "bawths." The dining room is set off from a kitchen thorough in its equip*" ment, and a pantry full of delicacies. While Theo slept peacefully the otlfc* er night In bed the mistress Bat uitn sleeping near him, fearful lest her pe»; be Btolen. When a reporter arrived! at Theo's apartment Mrs. De Vos ao-j swered the knock, but did not opeij the door. "There is absolutely nothing to say,1 she said. "Theo was horribly im ed. This morning he was within stone's throw from his own threshol And I had removed his muzzle. He SO pound registered English • ' • £% '3 I "•vF&5 The Rude Person Grabbed Thee t h e M e s k . j f -K:„ terrier, and that horrid dog catche|» recognized his value. Without aajt cause whatsoever the rude persoi| V '• Jj grabbed Theo by the neck and lifted^ '», him into a dog catcher's wagon. "I called a taxicab and went direct^ ly to -Mayor Harrison. I tell you, know the law, and I am always rights I know just whom to go to, and f showed them my rights. Mayor Han» rison n as not in, so I told Abe Merin^'^4 baum, the pardon clerk, that Theoj - 4. was no ordinary dog, and had beeu ^ • across the ocean three times. He re* ' •„ ferred me to Chief McWeeny and 1^ - » ? obtained Theo's release. I didn't hava YJ to pay a cent. Then I got the bes^;"^"'^ ^' limousine 1 could find and gave Theot a ride all the afternoon. Then It brought him to his apartment** "His apartment?" naked the porter. 't: "Yes, his apartment We maintain this apartment for him alone. "As I said, brought him to his apart- ment and gave him a bath in his owns bathroom. He certainly needed it aft- X er being In there with those comfetoa. dogs. Then I prepared him some food ^ on his kitchenet and served it in hla~ dining room. He is sleeping now,and; V; cafc't be disturbed." „ • YSf: ' ' 'W GAMBLE OVER A SYNAGOGUE! "Worshiper*" Take to Fire When Police Arrive--No Ar rests Are Made. New York.--Inspector CHlton receive ed word that a well-known gambler was at work in a hall at Twenty-ninth • street and Eighth avenue. The in spector and Sergeant Leibold found the place waa a synagogue. There were rooms on the third floor, and Leibold asked a gray-bearded care taker if anybody was upstairs. "There's a man holding a religious meeting there," he was told. The policemen we'nt to the third'., floor, where Leibold looked throu^Jj * a transom and saw a man mounted , on a soap box dispensing slips to a> hundred or more men. Gillen knocked on the door ttth his £ revolver, and when he threatened to blow tho lock tho Yftien the man opened the door the room was empty. Leibold rushedTsS the fire escape and found it rrondn^ with men. All were allowed to (O, tfe eluding the slip dispenser. ^ ^ The policemen gathered a# tw**- bushels of racing tickets and son#' \ money that had been dropped by th&