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{ ' * ' " ; i ' i WHAT FUG & + <* * *"0 • • *<? it & * & T IS now 188 years since the United States of America was composed of IS states, the greater number of which had a population cf littls more than that of the average city of today. Those 13 states have grown and multiplied until there are now 48 states, with a popular tion of nearly 100,000,000 of the most virile and strongest race of men on earth. It has been demonstrated many times in the past century that the strug­ gles of the patriots of 1776 were not In vain. The words "United States of America" are an Inspiration and a help to the oppressed of all lands. The Union gleams out through the world as a gigantic monument of freedom, and the lowly and persecuted of all na­ tions have their eyes turned toward America with the hope that some day ttnay may reach the prom­ ised land. The American flag Is the oldest flag among the nations of today. It antedates even the present emblems of the ancient empires of China and Ja­ pan. The Star-Spangled Banner has. a history un­ like the fla# of any other people. It is older than the present flag of Great Britain, which dates from 1801; It Is older than the German empire Btandard of 1870; older than that of France--1799--or that of Spain--1785. The first legislative action of which there la any record concerning the design and adoption of a national flag was taken in a resolution of con­ gress at Philadelphia on June 14, 1775, but it was not until October or November of that year that a 'committee of three--Benjamin Pranltlin, John Adams and Roger Sherman--met in the old city of Cambridge and entered upon their duties. Aftei long deliberation, this committee adopted a design consisting of the king's colors--the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew--=with 13 parallel horizontal stripes, alternate red and white. A most strange and unfortunate selection it/would seem. The flag wa* unfurled for the first time over the camp of thi» Continental army at Cambridge, on the 2nd day of January, . 1776. Wheo the ensign was first displayed at Cam­ bridge, the British regu­ lars assumed It was in­ tended as an indication pf submission by the 13 states to the king, whose speech had just been sent to the Americans. The comment of the British Register of 1776 on the new standard is Interest­ ing: "The rebels burned the king's speech and* changed the flag fgom a plain banner to one bear­ ing 13 stripes, as a syln- • bol of the number and union of colonies." ~' Isa belle Worrell Ball la the woman who made the American flag her life's study. She 1b the daugh­ ter of a veteran of the Revolutionary war and the founder of Flag day, which Is now observed all over the cduntry. Her fa­ ther was Capt. James P. Worrell, who served through the^CIvil war, and aha numbers »""">| her relatives many of the heroes of both wars. Many years ago Mrs. Ball became convinced that the real history of our flag was unknown. She determined to unravel the tangled skein, and give to posterity the true history and evolution of the American flag. "It was suggested by early writers that George Washington's coat of arms was the model for our flag of today," said Mrs. Ball. "These statements are supported only by tradition and legend, as all my search has proved that Washington was not egotistical enough to present his coat of arms to the nation as a model for its flag. I have delved into history as far as It is possible to go. I have examined many manuscripts, and have separated tradition and legend from facts, and It is my belief that Washington never thought of 'his coat of arms as a model for the flag. In fact, there is grave doubt that Washington had any­ thing to do with the designing of the flag at all. "A sentence from one of Washington's own letters seems to me to clinch this statement. Sir Isaac Heard, an eminent writer of the early days, wrote to Washington concerning his coat of arms, which appears upon the doorway and mantels of the old Washington manor house in England. To this inquiry Washington repHed on May 2 1792: " This is a subject to which I confess I have paid very little attention. The arms Inclosed 1n your letter are the same that are used by the family here.' As will fce seen, this was a letter written a decade after the close of the Revolu­ tionary war, and nearly two decades after the adoption of the Stars and 'Stripes-by the congress of the United States. If Washington, at that late date, had paid little attention to his coat of arms, he certainly paid less in his younger days, and especially at a time when he was surrounded by | enemies, malignantly persecuted by them, and was naturally deeply engrossed In the army and the preservation of the new-born nation. I do not" find in kll of Washington's writings a single alio- Jsion by him of any of his contemporaries that his |coat of arms was used as a model for the flag. "The evolution -of the flag was gradual atld un­ doubtedly grew out of the desire of the people [who had come to this country to get away from Ithe tyranny of Old World monarchs. Of course, [the first flag in this, country was the red and yel­ low flag of old Spain, brought over by Columbus. The Cabots, with other discoverers of England, planted the cross of St. George up around New- jundland. Pedro Reinal, tor the Portuguese, planted the five-spotted blue flag of that then reat maritime nation. Henry Hudson, comtng lere for the Dutch, brought the yellow, white and jlue flag, under which he sailed up the Hudson iver. This flag was the flag of the Dutch East idla 'company. These may be considered the discovery flags. "England dominated the country, and the Eng- colors were really the last as well as among first to dominate the destinies of tho evolving The cross of St. George, with the added m f I w ft gzory3 SINGS PRAISE OF "BIGNESS" iuuu. eross of 8t. Andrew, and later on with the croea of St. Patrick, was the vury last flag to be sup­ planted by the Stars and Stripts. 'The people of Amerioa, with growing contempt for Old World flags, fabricated many of their own. Some of these were very odd, and without exception, all of them were very ugly. This was true until 1620, when the Mayflower carried the St. George's cross, but those stern old Puritans protested against the use of the cross upon the flag, believing it to be sacrilegious, and In every way they could, used other devices and designs, only to bring down upon themselves the wrath of the king's officers In the Colonies. The first evidence of this was when a Mr. Endicott, muv tlnying against the cross, concluded to cut off one end of it. Roger Williams, for some reason, probably Just to get a whack at one whom he disliked, complained of this. The king's officers took it up, and after a long discussion, decided that Mr. Endicott had been grilty of lese. majeste, although that term was not khown in those days. He was deposed from office and a penalty Im­ posed that he should not hold office again for one year, thus putting an end to the flytng of any flag other than that bearing the .St. George cross. , "For a long time a plain red flag was carried by an organization called the Sons of Liberty. Following this was a blue flag with three cres­ cents, another with two, and still another with one. Washington himself in 1776 suggested a white flag with a pine tree, and this is only an­ other proof that the story of Washington's coat of arms was false. About 1775 a striped green and yellow flag was carried by one of the militia companies. In January, 1775, the fi^st red an<J white-striped flag was adopted. This was known as the Cambridge flag, and consisted of 13 alter­ nate red and white-stripes, with the king's color* then consisting of St. Andrew's and St Qeorgc% crosses on a blue field. "Later a Colonel Gadsen proposed to congress our first naval flag. This was a great big yellow flag, with a snake colled up in the center. It hung over the head of the speaker for some years and then went out of existence. Following this came flags of red and blue stripes, and red and white stripes, each without a field, and each with snakes in them. There were pine tree flags galore. There were flags with badgers, flags with anchors; In fact, any old thing except a St George's cross seemed acceptable to the colonists struggling for light in the darkness. In 1776 the Rhode Island colony adopted a flag of 12 white stars on a blue field. This is the very first time stars appeared in the flag. ' "From the date of the Declaration of Inde­ pendence and for a year or more afterward the oolonies used almost everything that flies In the heavens or swims in the water or grows on land as a symbol for their flag. Finally, one bright day in June, with no father and no mother, Old Glory was born. There Is not ^ word or record of any kind to show who designed the flag, who presented the resolution, or how it ever got into the congress of the United States. The fact is sim­ ply recorded as follows: " 'Resolved, That the flag of the 13 United States be 13 stripes, alternate red and white; that the Union be 13 stars, white in a blue field, representing a new Constellation.' "So far as the vote is recorded in congress it was unanimous, and that is how the flag was born. "About this time ' the great seal of the United States came into exist­ ence. On July 4, 1776, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jeffer­ son were appointed a com­ mittee to prepare devices for a great seal of the na­ tion. This committee re­ ported on August 10 of the same year and recom­ mended a design to con­ sist of a rose of red and white for England, a this­ tle for Scotland, a heart for Ireland, a fleur-de-lis . for France, an imperial tUgifi in black for Germany, and a Belgian iion for Holland, the idea being to commemorate the countries from which the states had been peopled. In addition. It was intended to ha*re three escutch­ eons linked together by a chain, and each tof these chains was to bear the initial of each of the 13 independent states. Then there was to be a Goddess of Liberty in corselet and armor, with* spear and cap and a shield of the states, with a goddess of Justice bearing a sword In her right hand and in her left a balance. In the corner provision was made for the eagle of Providence In a triangle, with the motto, 'E Pluribus Unum.' On the other side of thiB unique seat was Pharaoh In an open chariot, with a cross and sword, pass­ ing through the divided waters of the Red sea in pursuit of the Israelites. Moses was there, and the pillar of fire, with the motto, 'Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God.' This design wa» not adopted. , 'In March, 1779, another committee was ap­ pointed, and the report they made for a great seal was worse than the first. On June 13, 178S, however, a William Barty of Philadelphia pro­ posed practically the present coat of arms, which was finally adopted after being modified by an­ other committee." The story of John Paul Jones is Intimately associated with the story of our first flag. The same congress that created the first flag ap­ pointed John Paul Jones to command the Conti­ nental ship of war Ranger at the same time. When the flag was prepared and the Ranger was about to go forth on her lonely adventure the naval committee made the commander the first official present of the flag of the United States. The achievements of the Ranger are a matter of the most stirring events of our history. All the world knows how, in 1777, Jones made such gallant use of the Ranger and kept the shore* of England and Scotland In constant terror. The first military incident connected with the new flag occurred on August 2, 1777, when Lieu­ tenants Bird and Grant invested Fort Stamwlx. The garrison was without a flag when the enemy appeared, but the patriots soon supplied one very much on the pattern just adopted by fhe Conti­ nental congress. Shirts were cut up to form white stripes, bits of scarlet cloth were joined for the red, and the blue ground for the stars was composed of a cloth cloak belonging to Capt. Abraham Swartout, who was then In the fort Before sunset this curious mosaic standard, as precious to the beleaguered garrison as the most beautiful wrought flag of silk and needlework, was floating over one of the bastions. The siege was raised on August 23, but it is not known what became of the improvised flag. In his statement to Governor Trumbull, August 21, 1777, of the occurrences at Fort Stamwlx, Colonel Wlllett mentions as one of the results of his sally from the fOrt that he captured and brought off five of the enemy's colors, the whole of which, on his return to the fort, were displayed on the flagstaff under the Impromptu Continental flag. 10 DANGER FROM WIRELESS nveetlgatiofi Show* That There NeStanca of Its Ignftlng ltyjt. of 8hi|>a. Is In April, 1913, at the instance of a of shipowners, the Marconi com- ly carried out exhaustive experi­ ments with the view of ascertaining fhether there was any actual danger the presence on board of ships of parks arising .oqt of the use of ie wireless plant, says Wireless w , . ; . I f - • SMi.' " World. A quantity of naphtha was placed In a saucer and lodged as near as possible to a heavy spark, and a piece of waste saturated with naph­ tha was place^l close to the spark elec­ trodes, but in neither case was the vapor ignited by the spark. A sim­ ilar test was applied to the small sparks which obtain at minor parts of the apparatus, but it was not until a continuous spark was allowed for a very long period that the naphtha was eventually ignited. The tests, which were all the more Important, as naphtha Is one of the most Inflammable cargoes carried, con­ vinced the officials who carried them out--the superintending engineer of the shipping company and a repre­ sentative of the Marconi company-- that fumes of naphtha would never be sufficiently dense inside the wire­ less cabin to permit of ignition. Out­ side In the rigging thla would be even more obvious. ~t--: Debt is a paradox. The faster wa run In, the more we get behind. ly the Wholseals.; r Silas--What an enormous appetite that man Jebklns must have. '• Hex--What's the proof? Silas--He says he always eats at a restaurant where they serve meals a tla ear**, A-'}--' ' A Date Eater. Bacon--Ever see a goat eat pnmesT Egbert--I don't think so, but I saw one eating dates, today. "Where did the goat get the dates?" "He was eating a calendar." Writer In Leslie's Weekly Sees Good In Everything That Has Quali­ fication of Six*. Si*! tth'J.s said that the satt^ thai- produces big crops is found where big men abound. After all bigness Is something of which every one is proud. California boasts of its big trees; Oregon and Washington of their big apples, Texas of its big territory; Oklahoma of its big oil wells. Colorado of its big mines. New England of its big mills, Alabama of its big iron de­ posits, Pennsylvania of its big steel industry and New York of its big banks. Everywhere bigness is the boast of civilization. Nations vie with each other to command the biggest part of the world's trade. In this great strug­ gle for commercial supremacy the United States, during the past decade, has been among the foremost because cfeits big men in the Industrial, the railway and professional fields.. The product of this bigness of men has been a big country with big wages. Let us stop caviling and finding fault. Let us put an and to busting and smashing, and give the widest op­ portunity for individual effort. En- courago bigness of. the factory and the pay envelope alike. Give big brains a chance, whether in bank, counting room or workshop. Bigness paya.-- Leslie'^ Weekly. Discovering the Real Mexico. Some of the correspondents with the army at Vera Cruz are acquiring a knowledge of Mexico which they are -Imparting to their readers to the bene­ fit of the public. They are learning that cities founded by the conquering Spaniards before Jamestown or Ply­ mouth began are not mere adobe vil­ lages, but are architecturally reminis­ cent of Spain In Its heroic age. One correspondent admits that all the pub­ lic buildings in Vera Cruz are good "and compare favorably with what we have at home.'" If the scribes to whom real Mexico Is a revelation keep on with their jour- neyihgs they may come to Puebla and see the great professional library of one hundred thousand volumes at­ tached to the medical school. In the City of Mexico there are many struc­ tures that delight traveling architects. Mexico is not all "militaristas" and "peons," though its trouble has always been too many of the former. There are cultured people in M exico who find in culture a refuge from the turmoil of their disturbed republic.--Boston Transcript. Long-Deltyed Postcards. During the removal of an enamel plate from a lettet box outside the post office at Stanley Road. Tedding- ton, England, three post cards dated October, 1891, were found wedged be­ tween the plate and the frame of the letter-box. Although the cards were much dis­ colored after their 23 years' rest, the addresses on two of them were de­ cipherable, and they have been de­ livered. Pertinent. Tom--What was the result of the election in Mexico? Dick--Dunno. Who was shot?-- Judge. Worry Is part of the price a man pays for living. -• i $ --it answers every beverage requirement--vim, vigor, re­ freshment, wholesomeness. It will satisfy you* \ f ^ Demand the rrnoine by fell nan Nicknames en «ahvfratioa. Thi Coca-Cola Co., Atlasta, g*. GLADIOLUS EASY TO GROW By M. BtNWINQTON. Gladiolus are easy to^grow and ever beautiful; anyone with a few square feet of garden can have them. They grow well in almost any soil, requiring no especial preparation to obtain fair­ ly good results. Better care, better flowers, of course. Gladiolus are free from Insect ene­ mies. requije no spraying and it is the; one flower that makes a good showing with little care. Gladiolus can be planted from the middle of May up to June 15 for a succession of blooms. Small bulbs Gladiolus Peace. should be Bet about two inches deep and the larger ones three times as deep. In planting remove the soil" to the required depth and then spread about an inch of sand over the surface ex­ posed. Set the bulbs on the sand with pointed side up. Replace the soil and Arm thoroughly. FLED FROM ENRAGED WOMAN >\V& km Sear Proved More, Than Match •fet> Husband, but Ran When At-. .Ucked by Victim's Wife. #r A. ^McCloskey, a former near Hyner, vtns attacked by a she bear in his barnyard and so seriously wounded that it is feared he may die. The bear came into the yard in search of food. McCloskey shot' at the ani­ mal with a small caliber target gun. and wounded it. The bear threw him to the ground and badly mangled his left arm and leg. The animal waa driven oil by Mrs. McCloskey, who beat it with a club. A party, of farm­ ers started in pursuit of the animal over the mountains later in the day. The experience of McCloskey la ugique in this section of the state and caused great excitement In the vicin­ ity of Hayner, where the party of farm­ ers quickly gathered and started out in pursuit of the bear, under the lead­ ership of B. B. McCloskey, the Penn­ sylvania railroad station agent at Hyner, who is the wounded man's brother. They hunted over the moun­ tains near McCloskey's home during the greater part of the day, but were unable to find any trace of the ani­ mal. The same bear is believed to -7^4 £ . have carried off a live calf from a neighboring farm several days ago.-- Williamsport (Pa.) Dispatch to Phila- ' V:H delphja Record. Known'Of-Old. "Ambassador Thomas Nelson Page, like most married novelists, treats married life in his books from the in­ side, as it were," a Washington woman said on her return from Rome. "At a tea Mr. and Mrs. Page had a ludicrous argument over something or other, and when their misunderstand­ ing was satisfactorily cleared ap JfB< Page laughed and said: " 'This seems like a chapter that laa slipped out of a novel, doesn't it?' "'It seems,' Mrs. Page retorted*. 'more Uke a chapter that wftt *Hp tntof one."* "v A Dark Mystery. •' "Excuse me, Miss Oldgirl, hut ha»»' Jl you dyed your tiair black?"' "Sir, that is not a fair question.* Make floral offerings to your friWflir"** before tbey reach the point where «- they are unable to sniff the fragrance. 'V I - -V- a posv I- PS "Johnny on the 'S'M' A >:W' W- When breakfast has to be prepared in a hurry-- When something appropriate is wanted quick for afternoon lunch-- 1 • ^ When thoughts of a hot kitchen appall one-- Whenever the Appetite calls for something delidously good and nourishing-- --with cream, and, say--berries or peachy These sweet flakes of corn--toasted crisp--satisfy summer needs. Ready tso • eat from bother--no work--110 f^»n& A. food^with J^htML _ flavour. Grocers everywhere sell Post Tomti mS mm :c- 1 • •••. • ^ A M >rV* t *•' • s. • s. •rsty > 3d PA •V-", 4• "H-fr M