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vrrrZic? pi.Ar^E.VT.SK, xuesst, tit. >v ' f .^rji w >^. J!? <• «V X ?'. :W^. m^-r^ - \ f \ , £ r News Brevities of Illinois Make the Lazj ̂ Hens Lay rsz? mmsrimrmz. Hh] turkey is truly an American bird, it existed oh this continent with the Indians before Columbus landed. Only a few years ago among the caves of Arizona the mummified re­ mains of a turkey were found. Prac­ tically every cave once occupied by the cliff dwellers of that region con­ tained the bones or feathers of the turkey, but this specimen is intact. Its age is a matter of speculation among the scientists of the National museum at Washington, where the specimen Is an exhibition. Another interesting fact resulted from a scien­ tific expedition which Dr. C. Hart Merriam made among the mountains of Arizona; he came across a living species of bird identical with the one found mummified and which is now known to the scientific world by his name. Another recent discovery in connection with tbe turkey was a Maya hieroglyphic which men­ tions along with other things ten turkey hens and Are turkey cocks. This Is thought to be the first record of the turkey in this country and antedates the expedition of Cortes to Mexico in 1519. But the turkey goes back further among the Indians than even the probable date at which the specimen found in the cave existed. Among the Zunis, for instance, there exist many legends, handed down from time immemorial, which have (Or their subject the turkey. Perhaps none is more interesting than the one Which tells why hiB tail feathers are dark, show­ ing, as it does, not only the place he held in the estimation' of the Indians but also a noticeable 'similarity to the flood story of our Bible. Once upon a time, so the legend runs, there was a flood and the face of the world was covered with water. And thq turkey, weary of continually flying, decided to 4e0^t some spot on which he might light and rest. But the other birds and animals advised him not to; and the very gods themselves warned him. He refused to heed either advice or warnings and set out in search of land. After much effort he discovered a single spot not covered by water and alighted. But he found it only deep mud. 80 he decided to hunt further for some dry place on which to rest. But, alas, when he came to fly, he found his tail feathers stuck fast in the mud. He pulled and pulled, but could not get them loose. Finally, after a gigantic tug, he managed to free himself. But bits of mud stuck to the end of the tail feathers! And to this day turkeys have dark spots there--a sign of their disobe­ dience to divine command! The turkey plays a more important part in the life of the Indian than in his legends alone. Not only is It regarded as a choice article of food, but in many tribes it is held sacred. In the parts of the country where the turkey was worshiped it was never eaten except when other food was un­ obtainable. And even then separate portions were divided among various tribes, so that the religious custom would not be violated. Turkey feathers rank next in importance to those of the eagle with all tribes, while the Apaches, the Pamunkeys and Cheyennes chose the turkey's feathers for all ceremonial head­ dresses and ornaments. The Pamunkey tribe also used turkey feathers for ornamental purposes on their clothing, as well as for their headgears. To thin day, when they don their native costumes, the turkey feather is preferred as ornament. If Benjamin Franklin's words had been heeded the turkey would have been the national bird of the United States. The eagle is a first cousin to the species known of old in the eastern hemi­ sphere. Furthermore, it has appeared upon the banners of many nations. It was a symbol of the Roman empire. It was known in China for ages, and today it appears upon the banners of Germany and several other nations. The turkey is indigenous to America. Wher­ ever the early European adventurers and settlers arrived they beheld great flocks of turkeys, and it soon became known that they were a favorite fttod among the Indians. After a while turkeys ware proudly sent home as trophies of the chase. this way the turkey became practically a WGrld-favorlte as a food. When Cortes! la 1519, ascended to the plateau of Mexlco, he found a social life developed to a 'high degree of refinement. He was entertained with oriental magnificence. All the delicacies to be found within the empire were set before him; and though game was abundant, the tur'ey held the place of honor among the fowl. This was the first time that the Spaniards had eaten tur­ key. They also saw great tame floctx of the birds. In fact, since prehistoric times, the turkey has been domesticated and raised for snarket. Today in Mexico many of the quaint customs then in wogue are still kept alive. And so it is that the purchaser of today may select his choice of a fowl in tbe village street Or if he prefers the zzTzâ jpicmr̂ /tf <&#/{&rr/rc%r vender wiH bring it" alive to his door for inspec­ tion, fresh from the farm. North of the Rio Grande the turkey was equally well known and treasured. The celebrated expe­ dition of Coronado, between 1527 and 1547, pene­ trated this unexplored region west of the Missis­ sippi. His explorations were chiefly in what is today Texas, Arizona and New Mexico, the home of the cliff dwelling Indians of the Southwest. Itt all the Indian villages, according to those early explorers, turkeys were to be found, both wild and domesticated. Present day scientists have found enclosures In theBe villages wbich were at one time used as cages for wild turkeys, which were herded to­ gether, later to be domesticated. The wild flocks, according to the chronicles of Coronado, were many times a welcome sight to these explorers, as turkeys often made a toothsome addition to a larder otherwise too scanty for comfort. Cortes, in one of his letters written about 151$, mentions the turkey. He carried specimens of the bird to Spain in 1520, where thev came into immediate popularity, and the breeding of turkeys soon became established. It was then that the turkey became known as "pavos" on account of his relationship to the peacock, which was then caUed "pavo real"--the fowl of kings. It was a long time before the turkey reached France, for the first turkey eaten there was at the wedding of Charles IX and Elizabeth of Aus­ tria, June 27, 1570, or 50 years after 8pain had first tasted the bird. Its introduction into England seems to have been tn 1524. But, whenever it was, it soon came Into popular favor and was given such local names as Black Norfolk and Large Cambridge. It is an interesting fact that descendants of the parent stock were carried to New England, where, crossed with the original turkey already there, they began the breed that has spread from one end of the country to the other. As In this country, the turkey has come to be looked upon elsewhere as a holiday feast attrac­ tion. In Spain, especially during Christmas time, the markets are alive with the voluble arguments of the venders and purchasers and with the vna- •ailing protests of the victims. In Madrid some of the principal streets are crowded with troop* of these birds driven in from the country farms. In the early colonial days turkeys were stilt abundant in Massachusetts, the rest of New Eng­ land, Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas and Flori­ da. while in the last named states the turkey is still found as a native wild fowl, although in greatly decreased numbers. But a short distance from Richmond is a small inland Inhabited by a tribe of Indians, the Pa­ munkeys. They are part of the Powhatans, and under an old colonial treaty they pay no taxes and have their own government. They must, however, Bend to the governor of Virginia each year a gift of game or fowl; and very often this gift takes the form of several large, plump tur- ,kfy8- \ Many have been the explanations made as to 'how the bird now so popular at Thanksgiving came to be called the turkey, most of which, to the scientist, are nothing but fanciful. One such is the explanation that it comes from the East tedian word "toka," which, In Hebrew, tjLkes the form "tukkl," the pea­ cock. As the Jews in South Europe were ac­ quainted with this fowl, it iB assumed that they naturally applied the word turkey wher­ ever it was introduced in Spain. Such a roundabout explanation, say those who know, is entirely unnecessary. The bird was called turkey be- tiause it was supposed to come from Turkey, where it was known as an Egyptian hen. In France the bird was called "dindon," or in the feminine "dinde," as though it were the fowl of d'Inde--from India. The Mexican name for the bird is "huajolote," which, sci­ entists say, indicates the old Aztec knowl­ edge of the turkey. But whatever dispute has arisen as to the name 0f the turkey, the fact yet remains that the tur­ key is indigenous to America. Although scientists believe it is possible that there was a species, the original of the present tuVkey, indigenous to the West India islands, it is generally conceded that all turkeys have descended in some way or other from the three forms known today as the North American, the Mexican and the Honduras, the ocellated varieties The Mexican turkey Is found wild throughout the republic. It is short in sh mk. wtyh feathers on its body of a metallic black shaded only slight­ ly with bronze, while all its feathers are tipped with white. The Honduras turkey today is scattered all Over most of Central America and is extremely wild. The bronae turkey, that variety which today holds the place of honor in the North American group of turkeys, is outdone by none when it comes to beauty or size. Black, beautifully shad­ ed with a rich bronze, the breast plumage being dark bronze Illuminated with a lustrous finish at coppery gold, its plumage gives full warrant f tr the name by which this bird is known. The full-grown, healthy bird is a beautiful pic­ ture of bronze, black, copper and gold, and some­ times weighs 40 or more pounds. Other varieties known in the barnyard, and even recognised among dealers as having distinctive markings, are in reality only highly developed fowls With pre­ served peculiarities. > In the United States there are six standard va­ rieties recognized and grown. These are the bronze, Narragansett, buff, slate, white and black. The chief differences are in sice and color of plumage. . The bronze and Narragansett are the largest, the buff and slate medium, while the white and black are the sfhallest. Within late years, how­ ever, the white variety has reached such a point of popularity that it has Increased in size until --with some dealers it occupies third place. Whatever the turkey may have missed through flailing to secure that place of honor suggested for it by Benjamin Franklin--as the national bird- it has nevertheless found a place in the regard of the American people which is held by no other fowl. Time was when a turkey, or as many as could be carried, might be had for the asking. Then came the period when 50 cents would buy a plump young fowl. Even so short a time as ten years ago turkeys could be purchased for from 8 to 20 cents a pound, dressed. CAPITAL AND CAPITALIZATION The actual capita) of a business be equal to, greater, or less than Its oaptfalUAfk'ii. The capital of a company is the niouuy actually invest­ ed, good will, plant, and stock. The capitalization is the total amount upon which dividends have to be paid, and includes not only common or pre­ ferred stocks, but also debentures or There are companies which 1Kb large returns that rather than excite amazement at their re- munerativeness, the stockholders were oivcu extra shr.rc? of stock, BO . that iuaiead of paying ten per cent upuii 1100 shares, five per cent might be paid upon J200 nhares. And there are others which could not be made to pay because not enough money had been invested, and to induce finan­ ciers to put their money into at pres­ ent unprofitable businesses, preferred stock which has the first claim upon profits up to a certain specified sum has been issued. The "watered," or enlarged value stoc|c, forms part of the capitalization, though it repre­ sents nn capital, invested. Learning Through Suffering. The world lb fuleu with men who are trying to retform some one else, with those who have some panacea or an­ tidote for all ills and who think that by legislation or other outward press­ ure men and woman may be made ideal. There is noising to such no tions. Life is a struggle, and gen­ erally a hard one. Good character is built upon overcoming oneself, and unless reforms begin from the inside they do not last long. Boys are pun- j not to give them pain but to giye certain ueumte reacuons oeivveen the physical and moral parts of their composition. The rod has been abused, but it is now more neglected than overworked. It is through sad experi­ ence that we Schieve moral Vorth.~- fixchange. Venice.--The body of Anthony Sall- sixteen years old, of St. Louis, was recovered in Gabaret slough, north of here. Jerseyvllle.--James K. P. Grimes, a bachelor, sixty-eight years old, was found dead In his barn at his home two miles northwest of Jerseyvllle. Taylorvilie.--Charles Hay§s, aged sixty-six years and a pioneer Wabash employee, was killed in the Wabash yards here by a switch engine. Monmouth.--The 1915 meeting of the Illinois Intercollegiate Oratorical association will be held in Monmouth under the auspices of Monmouth col­ lege. Jollet.--William Cox, Sr., seventy- four years old, one of the most promi­ nent early settlers in southern Will county, died from a blow inflicted by Williftm Doherty, a life-long friend. Jacksonville.--An epidemic of scar' let fever at Meredosa, 20 miles west of here, has caused the authorities to close the school and adopt strict rules of quarantine. One death and three cases is reported. Springfield.--Lightning struck the concrete hog barn of A. E. Alexander on the farm of his father, J. K. Alex­ ander. three miles east of Edinburg. and killed 46 hogs, valued at about nine hundred dollars. Edwardsvlile.--Frank Schiller of Collinsville, fifty years old, was found dead on the floor of the kitchen in his apartments by his wife, who went to investigate after hearing his body fall to the floor. Watseka.--There are many sections in Iroquois county where the white grub has done a great amount of dam­ age. The location where most serious damage has been done is along close to trees. Springfield.--Auditor of Public Ac­ counts Brady issued a permit to C. O. Shaw, Albert Barnlund and C. G. An­ derson to organize the Farmers State bank of Donovan at Donovan, Iroquois county, with a capital stock at $25,- 000. Chicago.--Mrs. Hannah G. Holt, konwn as the "Fire Angel" of the great Chicago fire of 1871, died here. She was eighty-six years old. For days after" the fire she threw open her home, the only residence undamaged in the flreswept district, to more than one hundred victims. Harrlsburg.--Robert M. Taylor, sev­ enty years old, a veteran of the Civil war, died here. He was one 01 the founders of the First National bank of this city In 1876, and at his death one of its largest stockholders. He fought in Logan's famous regiment, participate! in the capture of Vicks- burg and took part in Sherman's march to the sea. Danville.--The following officers were elected at the conference of the .Central Illinois Lutheran Teachers' association here: President, Profes­ sor Gross, Buckley; vice-president, Professor Eigmann, Warsaw; secre­ tary, Professor Hoeltze, Rock Island; assistant secretary, Professor Rum- gie, Springfield. Papers dealing with school problems were read by Profes­ sors Schroknecht, Springfield; Schroe- der, Danville, and Krumrieg, Peoria. Athens.--Edward Timlick, ticket agent for the Chicago, Peoria A St Louis Railway company, at Athens, and Miss Lizzie Robinson of Cantrall, have beeen missing for several days. Their relatives believe they met with foul play. They disappeared from a dance at Athens. Timlick had been In the employ of the road for several years. Duquoln.--The Duquoin city council made another unsuccessful effort to elect a mayor to serve the unexpired term of E. E. Jacobs, resigned. Aider- men Thill and Knauer received five votes, one short of election, on sever­ al ballots, following which Alderman Charlton was named to serve one month. Thill is the candidate of the "wet" element of the council, while Knauer is supported by the so-called conservative members. Dixon.--The murder of Emanuel Byers, who was shot to death by his two sisters on his farm, near Sterling, in July, was re-enacted twice in the Whiteside county court. Miss Emma Byers took the stand in her own de­ fense. She testified that she was caring for her aged father and plan­ ning to pay some of the debts. On the day of the murder she was at the home place three times. She reviewed her actions until she accompanied her sister, Lillian, to the hay field. She said that her brother became enraged when conversing with Lillian, and when asked what he said she broke down for the first time. Controlling herself, she said that her brother threw a1 pitchfork at her, striking her In the face. She reached into her sister's apron pocket and took the re- volvor and fired at her brother. She did not know how many times or what happened to the revolver. She said that she and her sister then ran to ' the home Of a neighbor. I Sherman.--An attempt was made to rob the general store of Clancy Bros. Patrick Clancy was asleep in the store and was aroused by the person or persens removing the glass from the tran some over the door. The men had entered the basement, but seoured no valuables. Belleville--Thomas Wiltshire, nine­ teen years old, and Edward Wilson, sixteen, both of Marissa, who ere arrested on warrants charging them with arson, were released »n Belle­ ville by State's Attorney Charles E. Webb, after be had investigated their cases. Kankakee--Two thirteen-year-old girls from Coal City ran away trom their home and came to Kankakee. They secured work at a factory and were working when found by Chief of Police John Stack. Joliet.--The foot and mouth disease indirectly claimed a human victim. Walter Cappel,- fifteen, «or of a cattle buyer, *ui«i i-HJUgias. '.vor.i shooting pigeons to prevent them from carrying the disease. Douglas' gun was accidentally discharged, Cappel receiving the entire charge in his right thigh. He is not ejected to Uva. Just as easy to get eggs in cold as in spring. Winter should be the best laying, best paying months-- will be if only you will once feeding ̂ , Poultry Replator Nature's own perfect tonic and conditioner. Yotaf hens should be entirely through the moult. If thef have not begun to lay, it is a sure sign that they need Pratts Poultry Regulator--the one tonic that stirs up our idle, lazy hens, makes them hunt a nest and gel usy producing eggs. > Don't delay. Go to your dealer's at once and Mk far Prattfc- Makea 110 difference whether you tiaiT trn tif nil nrtm thniwrnl they need Pratts. A record of 4a years back of every paekaoat and sack. Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back. In 23a packages up, big 25-Ilx pails at $2.30. At 40,000 dealenb Pratts Itonp Remedy Is a guaranteed cure. Now is the danseCf v ieason for Roup and Colds. Don't risk your laying birdli but get a bos of Pratt*, 2So and SOc. PRATT FOOD COMPANY rhlMabkto Chlctto I« WESTERN CANADA'S STRONG POSITION "THE WHEAT GRANARY OF THE WORLD," A WELL AP­ PLIED TERM. Western Canada occupies a stronger position today than it ever has occu­ pied. Taking one year with another, the efficiency of its lands to produce has been well proved. It has not been said of It that year in and year out there were bumper and bounteous crops. If such a condition existed it would be phenomenal in the history of any country. With an exterslve territory producing grain, hogs, cattle and sheep* of some 800 miles wide and 1,000 miles long, it Is easy to con­ ceive of a wide variation in tempera­ ture and climate ; there is variation In rainfall and snowfall; every section is not the best in the district--some are better than others and some worse, but as a general thing, the great per­ centage is "better." This past^ear has shown that some portions are not altogether Immune from periods of drought. The same may be said of ad­ joining states to the south. But this year has also shown that In the greater portion of Western Canada drought does not appear, but even in the drought-stricken area of this year, past years have shown that the soil produces wonderfully well and even this year, with modern methods, known as "dry-farming," good crops were harvested. The large number of Americans who during the past six­ teen years have been attracted to Canada have not gone simply because of the advertising of that country, but because their friends and their old- time neighbors have done well there, and with careful and Judicious farm- Ins almost everyone has done well. As a result of the great influx of Immigration the open or prairie home- steading area Is being rapidly taken up. The fact that this is so is evi­ dence that Western Canada lands are productive, and on these open plains today are to be seen the hompR of successful farmers from almost every state In the Union. They have earned their patents, and now own outright their 160 acres of land, together prob­ ably with an adjoining 160 acres. which they have purchased er pr« empted, all of which is worth front $25 to $30 per acre. They originally" started by growing grains altogether but they found that they could seeur*.. a better price for much of their graia by feeding it to hogs and cattle, ani. the most successful ones are thosi who have followed this course. But to meet the wants of the new comer a new homestead area has beel opened up, known as the "park conn try." In this park country are to bt found beautiful groves of poplar ant willow, small lakes and streams, wit| sufficient open area to enable one tr go into immediate cultivation of croft and In due time when they wish morf laud to be put under cultivation, may at small cost cut down some erf the groves, which in the meantime have been valuable in- providing fu4 and in giving shelter to cattle. Notwithstanding the high characttt of tbe open prairie lands and the fad that farmers there have realized in •' splendid way, there Is the opinio! backed up by a lot of experience thai this parklike country contains sot even better than that of the open ares referred to. The opportunities, therefore, fat money making are as great today ac they ever were. The opportunities fai carrying on farming successfully ax% fully as great as they ever were. Ot this park area we have an lmmensi quantity of land yet to be settled. S is true that the railroads have not yd penetrated these districts to the exteqft that they have the open area, but thil will come and as settlements advance so will railroads build. For the pre* ent there is a temporary lull in raft road building, but it is always the case that where there is a deman4 there will come a supply, and it wlB not be long before the park country will be penetrated by railroads thai will give sufficient accommodation foa all needs, but to those who prefer tl there are lots of opportunities for pu» chasing land nearer towns and vlftt lages and at low prices and on terms. Whether one cares to purchase m homestead it can better be done tap paying a visit to the country and ft will repay you to spssd scins utujl time visiting the different districts.-* Advertisement IJN S-li riiH :. • : Strange as it may seem, high living has put many a man on his uppers, j [ That Weak Back J accompanied by pain here or there--extreme nervousness-- sleeplessness--may be faint spells--or 6pasms--all are signals of distress for a woman. She may be growing from girlhood into Womanhood--passing from womanhood to motherhood or later Suffering f rom that change into middle life which leaves so many wrecks of women. At any or all of these periods of • woman slife vhc should take a tonic and nervine prescribed for just such cases fciy a physician tf yaat experience in the diseases u women. DR. PIERCE'S Favorite Prescription £ riTe'S w <l*klprs or trial box bv mail on receipt of 50 cents in stamps. Miss Elizabeth Lordahl of Berkeli-y. Cal.. in a recent letter to Dr. Pierce said: *t waa completely brJkindown i^hea ̂ . 1 wa, acMn*and had p.in,a! Iovernny body ~ IT"." V.! hllt I had the Eo.d fortune to meet a nurse who had be«n cur«d tar Ut.rmfemm Prescription. '1 "" Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets rendat* llMMck, liver and bowel* -- sa»af-mUs, ttoy graaalw "; "{ . • •>>!! •VM •MM z-'£ t vzm Sfi Where Profanity Helped. "Swearing doesn't help to play the game," Bald the young minister on the golf links. 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