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1,^-^ - • v . . . . . . , . , . . , „ . . . . . • • , • • > r . rW THE- M-clIKNRr M,AXNDEAJJ£H. MeHENBSV lit*. a, i TABLE NO. 1. P^'ltiports R TELLS OF Commodity. %heat Imports Net Imports from , _ U- s / t9,4C«,000 40, S 11.000 1TSS.0W 4,946.000 567.000 from Other Con- Source's. sumption. 388,0,009 974.4s5.ooo 112,900,<m 135,675,000 266.596,0<X> 8S2.S65.000 199!793,000 90,537,000 121,109.000 Corn -its Barley Rye 1«,580,«M» 6.860,000 »,000 ks fit rrn ooaaia 6S.030.000 ..125.201.000 11,337.000 78.57S.000 136,200,000 4S7.134.000 2,214,276,000 102,532.000 'l V V' _,L I' " 'N -J» f *' _ - * ' > ' * i ^ i, ; L . » «.H T * ,«• T-' * * ' » ' " - * f ' W * 1 ' ^ < • . * * ,.* VI * • ' *r~ 6 ** 1 ' 3 ^ ,Vj" ^pgr* * ; •In ,i 'J*-,-: .. • . 1 • ; 535 Administrator Issues Message .#»*< Conservation GREAT PROBLEM OF WAR ^;;vm - • ff' I1"" : ' * " Si , fcv ^tmerlca's Production and Needs of the Allied Nations Set Forth--What " We *lust Do to Keep Wolf From the Door. <- r •: . . "" CwV Washington, Aug. 20.--Herbert C. ' '• feoover, United States food adminis­ trator, today issued to the American 7---. public his statement covering the food ^ - -Situation as it now exists and the ne- fesslty of conserving the food re- , jources-of the nation to provide for the future during the continuance of v J- ,jjhe war. The statement follows: ' ; Food Is always more or less of a problem in every phase of its produc- ^ f ' vtlon, handling and consumption. It is problem with every farmer, every. ... ^transporter and seller, every house-. ; holder. It is a problem with every . / town, state and nation. And now, very conspicuously, It is a problem with ' three great groups of nations, namely, j - the allies, the central empires and the cr- neutrals; in a word it is a great inter­ national problem. The food problem today of our own nation, therefore has as its most con- q>icuous phase an international charac­ ter. A sufficient and regular supply of food for the maintenance of the freat field armies of our fighting allies •nd of their no less great armies of • working men and working women in the war industries, and finally for the Maintenance of the women and chll- jr; dren in the home, is an absolute ne­ cessity, second to no other, for the •uccessful prosecution of the war for liberty. In the providing of this food for the great allied food pool, the Unit­ ed States plays a pfedominant part. ^ With the present diversion of tens of Millions of men from the farms into the fighting and industrial armies, re­ sulting in a marked lessening of food production, find the present necessity Of Increasing the daily ration of other* Millions of men turned from sedentary occupations into those of strenuous physical labor, resulting la a marked Increase of consumption, this deficiency between the food needs and the food production of the allies becomes great­ er than ever, with the consequence of n large Increase in the food quantities Imperatively needed from the United States if the allied armies are tphe •ble to "carry on." World's Larder Examined. This is a general statement of a con­ dition which only needs to be elabor­ ated in detail to show Just what we have to do. The time has come when this detailed statement can be made. Our harvest and the harvests of Eu­ rope can now be forecast. We Can also survey our combined stocks of flood animals; in other wordft, the size «f that part of the world's larder on Which we and the allies can draw for the next twelve months can now be es­ timated. This estimate shows at once that it contains too little for our own >«nd our allies use unless we all ad­ minister the supply with the greatest ij^re and wisdom. The allied peoples iffe energetically undertaking this ad­ ministration. It lies now with us to do our part. If we fail, the people of the allies cannot be maintained at war. Their soldiers cannot fight without flood. A certain definitely determina­ ble part of that food must come from 'VS. Let us then examine carefully the World's larder as it appears today, or 90 much of It as Is at our disposal. . I propose to review the situation flrst, as regards the cereals, second, as Hegards food animals and their prod- nets, third, as regards sugar, fourth, «s regards vegetables, fifth, as regards •sh and sea foods, and, finally, as re­ gards our duty In the matter. E Cereals. *1 The 1917 harvest is now so far ad­ vanced that' we may compare It with - previous production, and with the de- fnands which are going to be made on It Table No. 1 Is given to show the normal peace sources of the annual supplies oC France, Italy, the United Kingdom and Belgium, befng an aver­ age of the three-year pre-war period. It will be seen from this table that the normal Imports of wheat are 381,- ©00,000 bushels and of other cereals 845,000,000 bushels. "The estimate of the 1917 harvest in the allied countries based upon crop reports from these countries. Is as follows: Probable Av. nor- Deficiency UH7 pro- mal pro- In prod'a. duction. duction. due to war. 590,675,000 196,905,000 121,109,000 26,645,000 670,890,000 233,665,000 125,201,000 31,616,000 78,573,000 >6,841,000 Total. 4^6,448,000 j j j j - T A B L E N O . 2 . ' .?; ^. Average •'! i> #*ot>abIe Commodity. ' tr. S l»lf> Wheat Corn 'bats .. Barley • Rye v.# Totals prs,ooo,<ios .?T.«^.ooo.ofl§.:. . . , | " l < j ' I E K t , 0 0 0 . 0 A j | SJ4.000.00S 68.ioo.ooS 6.525.100.00® &r Com­ modity. Wheat ...398,770,000 Corn .... 94,464,000 Oats 337,235,000 Barley ... 93,585,000 Rye 41,732.000 Total . .960,786.000 1.4S6,448.000 625,662.000 In order to provide normal consump­ tion it would therefore be necessary to Import in the next 12 months a total Of 577,000,000 bushels of wheat and 674,000,000 bushels of other cereals. The prospective position of our own and the Canadian harvest is given In table No. 2. Our crops, especially our corn crop, •fa/.', cannot yet be considered as certain, ^7 but If all mature safely, North Amer- e-rf ica will have an apparent surplus of wheat of 208,000,000 bushels and of other cereals of about 050,000,000 bushels. Demand on Our Crops, pll- The allies are Isolated from those ^ 4 markets, other than Canada and the A ProbecbU Normal tt. 8. : Cons u nipt IS# "rr^T Surplus 690,304.000 •; jfr., 88.000.000 J.653.698,000 >. ,4 470,000.000 1448,713,000 '* 804,000.060 178.S29.000 36,000,000 35.866.000 20,300,000 Add possible Canadian Surplus 180.000.000 63,000,000 • 10.000,000 a #.000,^00 , 1*.000,000 4,607,410,000 917.200.000 9,000,000 NEWLY RICH DISTURB TOKYO sit - #oeial Climber, Known in Japan as "Narakin," Thorn in the 8ide of Prince Yamagat|. ; JflM Japanese have a word to de- ""c - scribe the nouveau riche type of stock I\ speculator. They call him a "narakin." The latest tale about this class ap- pears in the Tokyo Yorodzu: J\ A Mr. Saito, who had amassed a for- ; Jwm tbt jtofik TO b rHifrti dftTslopsd a United States, on which they were ac­ customed to rely before the war. The Russian supply cannot be got out. Bulgarian and Roumanian supplies are In the hands of the central empires. The voyage froin Australia nn<^ In<J'a Is three times as long and therefore requires three times as many tons of shipping fis is required from North At­ lantic ports. It is also twice as dan­ gerous because -of the longer exposure to submarine attack. There has been a large failure in the South American countries and the new harvest from that quarter will not be available In Europe until next spring. As already said, all the allied countries are and have b^en for some time rigorously ad­ ministering and economizing their food. In Belgium, the relief commis­ sion has been compelled to reduce the consumpt' in of cereals by nearly 50 per cent; this brings the food supply so low that the population are in­ capable of labor. From the above tables it will be seen that on normrfl bases of consump­ tion the total allied wheat import re­ quirements fere 577,000,000 bushels against a North American surplus of 208.000,000 bushels--and from our United States supplies we must re­ serve a certain amount for neutrals from which we receive vital supplies and also an amount to protect our stocks better next year than this last. There Is therefore on normal con­ sumption a deficit of over 400.000.000 bushels. In the other cereals used in Europe mostly for animal feed, the Import necessities of the allies on noiv mal consumption basis are about 674,- 000,000 against a North American sur­ plus of 950,000,000. But again a re­ serve for neutrals and increased "car­ ry over" will absorb all the margin. In any event it means we must multi­ ply our exports of these cereals 20 times. However, upon the basis of our present crop prospects we should be able to supply their requirements in cereals other than wheat. Wheat Situation Difficult. The situation in wheat is one of great difficulty«and concern, and must be met by an elimination of waste and reduction of consumption on the part of the allied peoples and ourselves, In one word, by an effective administra­ tion of the available supply. The allies are unable to use other cereals alone for bread. They can use them only as added to wheat flour to make the war bread now in uni­ versal use In European countries. Ex­ cept In Italy, whose people normally consume much corn, our allies haVe few corn mills and cornmeal Is not a durable commodity and therefore can­ not be shipped in great quantities. Moreover, for generations they have bought bread from the bakeries; they have no equipment nor do they know how to bake in the household. Every American knows that It Is infeasihle to distribute corn bread from bakeries, and It Is therefore necessary for us to furnish our allies with sufficient wheat to enable them to have a wheat basis for the loaf. However, they can use and must use other cereals for mixture In their war bread, and by this substitution and by savings on their part a great deal can be accom­ plished. On the other hand, a deficit of 400,000,000 bushels can be at least partially overcome if we can increase our exports from 88,000,000 to 220,- 000,000 or nearly triple. This can be accomplished If we will substitute one pound of other cereals for one rf»bund of wheat flour weekly per person; that Is, if we reduce our consumption of wheat flour from five pounds per week to four pounds per week per person. It will be no privation to us and will reduce the privation of our allies. Food Animals. Owlrig tc the ascending standard of living, the world was already strained to supply enough animal products to meet the demand before the war be­ gan. The war has injected Into an al- r<>ady difficult situation a number of vicious conditions which are Jeopardiz­ ing the ultimate animal products sup­ ply of the world. The production of fodder in Europe has been diminished by the diversion of productive labor to war, and its import has been curtailed by shortage In shipping and by the isolation of markets by belligerent lines. From these causes not only are the actual numbers of animals de­ creasing in Europe, but the average weight and the annual output of dairy products per animal, are decreasing. A careful estimate of the world's food animal position shows the follow­ ing position: Decrease Increase or In other decrease Decrease countries United western including Total net Statee allies enemies decrease Cattle 7,090,000 8,420,000 26,750,000 28,080,000 Sheep 3,000,000 17,500.000 34,000,000 54,500,000 Hogs 6,276,000 7,100,000 31,600,000 32,425,000 33,020,000 92.360,000 115,005,000 The problem facing the American people is not only one of supplying the Immediate demand of the allies, but one which is more far-reaching in its future significance. As the war goes on there will be a constant lessening of the capital stock of food animals of the world. Among our western al­ lies the demand outruns further every desire to get Into the same atmosphere with the great people of Jgpan. Mar­ shal Prince Yamagata, foremost of Ja­ pan's elder statesmen, some years ago erected a splendid house at Odawara, a suburb of the capital, and upon a site that commanded a superb view of Mount Fujiyama. Now, this Saito has paid a fabulous price for a large es­ tate located on the Irlyauia hill, higher up than the mansion of the distin­ guished prince, and has erected there­ on a charming country house. His architect located the building so that lt day die decreasing production, as ship­ ping becomes further shortened by con­ tinued submarine destruction, less ton­ nage can be devoted to fodder, and fur­ ther reduction of the herds must en­ sue. . These destructive forces have given rise to reactions in many direc­ tions. The world's supply of meat and dairy products, of animal fats and In­ dustrial fats, wool and hides, are all involved not only now, but for far into the future. ' j . -/••«. • Meats... ',v<r*, The Imtnedlate problem lii. to fur­ nish Increased meat supplies to the al­ lies to maintain them during the vwar. An important factor contributing to the present situation lies In the disturb­ ance to the world's trade by destruc­ tion of shipping resulting In throwing a larger burden on North America, the nearest market. Shipments from the Australasian, South American and from the continental countries Into the allied countries have been interfered with. Their contributions must be re­ placed by Increased shipments from North America. The growth of American meat ex­ ports since the war began, most of which have been supplied by allied na­ tions, is revealed by the following fig­ ures: Three-year pre-war average, 493,- 848,000 pounds. Year ending June 30, 1916, 1,339,- 193,000 pounds. The Impact of European demand upon our animal products will be' maintained for a long period of years after peace. We can contemplate a high range of prices, for meat and for animal products for many years to come. We must undertake to meet the demand not only during the war, so as to enable our allies to continue to $ght, but we must be prepared to meet the demand after the war. Our herd can­ not be increased In a single night or in a single year. Our producers will not only be working In their own ul­ timate interest In laying the founda­ tion of larger hards and flocks, but will serve our national Interest and the interest of humanity, for years to come, If the best strains of young animals* are preserved. The Increase in herds can only be accomplished if we save more of our roughage and raise more fodder grains. It is worth noting that after the war Europe with lessened herds will, pending their recuperation, require less fodder and will therefore produce more bread grains and im­ port less of them, so that we can after the war safely reduce our bread grain production to increase our foclder. But we' must lay our foundation in the meantime to Increase our herds. There is only one Immediate solution to the short supply of meat for ex­ port pending the increase In our herds and flocks which will take years. Dur­ ing the course of the war, we can, Just as with the cereals, reduce the con­ sumption and eliminate the waste par­ ticularly among those classes which can best afford it. In the meantime, in order to protect all of our people, we must carefully control our meat ex­ ports In order that the people shall not be denied this prime necessity of life. Dairy Products. The world's dairy supplies are de­ creasing rapidly for two Important rea­ sons. First, the dairy cattle of Eu­ rope are diminishing, for Europe Is be­ ing driven to eat Its cattle for meat; second, the diversion of labor to war has decreased the fodder supplies and the shortage of shipping has limited the amount of imported fodder and therefore the cattle which can be sup­ ported and the productivity of the Indi­ vidual cow have been reduced. Even our own dairy supplies are not keeping pace with our growth of population, for our per capita milk supply has fallen from 90 to 75 gallons annually In the past 15 years. Yet today we must ship increasing amounts of dairy products to our allies. The dairy supplies of the allies in normal ,times came to a considerable degree from western Scandinavia, Hol­ land and Switzerland, but under Ger­ man pressure these supplies are now partly diverted to Germany. The men tfnder arms and the wounded must be supplied with condensed milk In large quantities. The net result of these conditions, despite rigorous reduction of consumption among the adults of the civil population in Europe, Is that our allies are still short of large quantities and again the burden of the replace­ ment of this shortage must fall on North America. The growing exports of dairy products from the United States to the allies are shown in the following table: j Three year average. Batter 4,457,000 lbs. Cheese 8,7SO,ihX> ibis. Cond. milk... .17,792,000 lbs Year ending June 30,1913. 13.487,000 lbs. 44,394,000 lbs. 169,577,000 lbs. In some sections. The only sections In which dairy products have had a t$se. in price in appropriate proportion to the increase in most of feeds are those producing condensed milk and. Cheese. Our home milk and butter supplies pre therefore looked at in a broad way, decreasing while our population is in­ creasing. This deficiency of dairy but­ ter Is shown by the Increased sales of margarine, which show an Increase of several million pounds per month over similar periods in 1915. Dairy butter, however, has qualities which render tt vitally necessary for children. Milk has no substitute and is not only In­ trinsically one of our cheapest animal foods, but is absolutely fundamental to the rearing of the children. The dairy situation resolves Itself Into several phases. First, It is to be hoped that the forthcoming abundant haWest together with a proper restric­ tion upon exports of feeding stuffs will result In lower prices Of feed and di­ minish the Impetus to sell the cattle for meat. Second, the industry needs encouragement so as to Increase the dairy herd and thus our dairy supplies, for the sake first, of our own people and second of the allies. The people must realize the vital dependence of the well-beipg of their children, and thus of the nation, upon the encourage­ ment and upbuilding of the Industry. Third, we must save the wastes in milk and butter during the war\ If we are to provide milk supplies to all. We waste large quantities of our milk value from our lack of national demand for prod­ ucts of skimmed and sour milk. Pork Products. The hog Is the most efficient of ma-, chinas for the production ot animal fat. The hog not only makes more fat from a given amount of feed, but also the products made are specially capable of preservation and most economical for commercial handling. The swine of Europe are rapidly de­ creasing and the consumption demand Induced by the war Is much Increased, this particularly because bacon, ham and lard are So adaptable for military , supplies. Moreover, our allies are iso­ lated from many markets and a large amount from, northern neutrals is being diverted to Germany. While our hogs have increased in number by 3,000,000 animals, the aver­ age-weight at slaughter Is falling and our production Is probably only about maintained. The Increasing demand upon us since the war began is shown by the following figures of comparative exports: Three-year, pre-war period, 1,055,- 614,000 pounds. Year ending June 30, 1918, 1,512,- 376,000 pounds. Wool and Leather, bur national supply of both wool and leather are less than our needs, and we are Importing them more and more largely, as shown by the follow­ ing figures: Importations of wool and manufac­ tures of wool (value) for the three- yearj pre-war period, 862,457,965; for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1916, $158,078,271. Importations (value) of hides, leath­ er, and manufactures of leather aver­ age of the three-year pre-war period, $133,171,398; for the year ending June 30, 1916, $177,880,902. . At the present time the world's de­ mand for these products has Increased far above the peace level owing to the extra consumption in supplying the armies. This demand is"now again in­ creased by the mobilization of a large American armyl In the face of this, not only is the European herd decreas­ ing, but also American sheep have de­ creased about 3,000,000 since the war began. After the war is over, the va­ rious countries of the world from which we formerly drew our wool are likely to regain It for their own use until their flocks again become normal. 8ugar. The sugar supply on which our allies in Europe normally draw has been tremendously reduced, so that they must have recourse to other sources. In consequence of the shipping situa­ tion the area from which they must draw is also curtailed and, as a result, they are driven into those markets from which our own supply normally arises. Furthermore, their own pro­ duction has been greatly diminished. Before the war, Europe supplied in a large measure its own needs, through the production of beet sugar, as will appear from the following table show­ ing the average yearly production and consumption for the five years before the war (1909-1913), In some of the chief countries of Europe: Prod'n. Consump. Surp. (t) (short (short Or defi­ tons) tons) ciency (-) Germany .. ..2,525,88ft 1,299.585 tl,226,314 Austria ..1,661,889 679,204 t 972,686 Russia MT 1,322,286 t >37,662 United Kingdom.. ...... 2.066,000 •2,066,000 France .... .. 752,542- 704,830 t 47,712 Italy .. 211,050 190,000 t 21,056 Belgium ... .. 27ff,*18 120,358 t 188,660 Holland .... .. 246,146 131,538 t 114,608 The high price of fodder and meat In the United States during the past few months induced by the pressing Euro­ pean demand has set up dangerous cur­ rents in this country, especially in those regions dependent upon butter and the sale of milk to municipalities having made it more profitable to sell the cattle for meat than to keep them and produce dairy products. There­ fore ; the dairy cattle are decreasing shut out the view from the famous Kokian or "house of rare age,'" by which name the prince's villa was known, of beloved and revered Mount Fuji. To quote the vernacular Jour­ nal : "The 'house of rare age,' built when the prince had attained seventy years--described by Confucius as 'the rare age'---is no longer a quiet bower to which, the aged Yamagata can re­ pair at all seasons and enjoy rest from the distracting, worries of national pol­ itics. His view is obstructed by the hatkar* house of tbs narikln. Ths As appears from the table, France, Italy, Russia and Belgium were self- supporting, while the United Kingdbm drew its entire sugar supply from ex­ terior sources. The supply of the Unit­ ed Kingdom came to the amount of about 70 per cent from countries from which It Is now cut off by the war. Ten per cent came from the East In­ dies and 20 per cent from the United States and the West Indies. The prospective 1918 crop in France has diminished to 207,000 tons and that of Italy to 75,000 tons, and t$ey are therefore short 590,000 tons. The displacement of United Kingdom sup­ plies amounts to 1,435,000 tons; and therefore, In total, these three allied countries must import about 2,700,000 tons In order to maintain their normal consumption. Of this, 2,000,000 tons must come from new sources. The disturbance of shipping re­ duces the tonage available and drives the demand to a large degree upon the prince hasnt visited summer." Odawara this Few Feet Are Perfect. Bow many bones in your feetf Most likely you don't know. Few people do, and It is usually a surprise to learn thfit there are so many %nd that the foot is about the most complicated and delicately constructed part of "the body. That Is, perhaps, the reason why at least 75 per cent of all adults have some kind of foot trouble.. ; William M. Scholl pf Chicago, an Pfel ' ' . , ' ' - . nearest markets, the United States and the West Indies. This field has since the war Increased its .production by 1,000,000 tons per annum. How far this demand will interfere with the American supply of 4,000,000 tons is, difficult to forecast, first, because some increased supplies may be obtained by the allies from the East Indies, and, second, because the allies have re­ duced their consumption to some ex­ tent In any event, if all the enemies ot Germany are to be supplied, there must be economy in consumption everywhere. The normal American consumption is about 90 pounds per person per annum and Is just double the French consumption. Vegetables. Ai We have this year a most abundant crop of vegetables for our use as a re­ sult of a patriotic endeavor almost universal throughout the country. Our potato harvest.. alone promises an in­ crease from 285,000,000 bushels last year, to over 400,000,000 bushels this year. The other vegetables are like­ wise enormously Increased through the planting and extension of millions of gardens. The sweet potato crop promises to be from 10 to 20 per cent above what it was last year, and the commercial crop of sweet corn for canning purposes is estimated to be from 20 to 30 per cent above that of last year. The commercial crop of tomatoes for canning purposes will probably be somewhere between 10 and 20 per cent above, what it was last year. There is an increase in the acre1- age of late onions of about 54 per cent; over the area harvested in -1916. Fish and Sea Foods. The waters of our coasts and lakes are enormously, rich In food fish and shell fish. Our streams, too, contribute a great quantity of fish. Many varie­ ties are now jnot used for human foodfc but are thrown away or used for fertife lizer. Habit has confined our use of fish to a few varieties, and inadequate methods of commercial handling have limited our use of these largely to only certain days In the week. With better marketing facilities, with better under­ standing of how to use the most varie-. ties, with proper preservation by sp 'ng and salting and by establish­ ing plants for frozen fish, we can in­ crease greatly our supply and thus re­ lieve largely the pressure due to the Inadequate supply of meat. We only have to harvest our own fish supply.. It feeds Itself. Every fish eaten Is that much gained in solving the pres­ ent problem of living. The products of the land ai#; conserved by eating those of the sea. Qur Duty. I have endeavored to show in previ­ ous articles that the world Is short of food; that Europe is confronted with the1 grim specter of starvation unless from our abundance and our waste we keep the wolf from the door. Not only must we have a proper use of our food supply in order that we may fifrnlsh our allies with the sinews with which they may fight our battles, but it is an act of humanity towards fellow men, women and children. By the diversion of millions of men from production to war, by the occu­ pation of land by armies, by the Iso­ lation of markets, by belligerent lines, and by the destruction ol shipping by submarines, not only has uhe home pro­ duction of our allies- fallen by over 500,000,000 bushels of grain, but they are thrown upon us for a much larger proportion of their normal imports for­ merly obtained from other markets. They have reduced consumption at every point, but men in the trenches, men in the shops, and the millions of women placed at physical labor re­ quire more food than during peace times, and the incidence of their saving and any shortage which, they may suf­ fer, falls first upon women and chil­ dren. If this privation becomes too' great, their peoples cahnot be main­ tained constant In the war, and we will be left alone to fight the battle of democracy with Germany. The problem of food conservation is one of many complexions. We cannot, nnd we do not wish, with our free In­ stitutions and our large resources of food, to imitate Europe in its policed rationing, but we must voluntarily and Intelligently assume the responsibility before As as one in which everyone has a direct and Inescapable Interest. We must Increase our export of foods to the allies, and In the circumstances of our shipping situation, these exports must be of the most concentrated foods. These are wheat, flour, beef, pork and dairy products. We have oth­ er foods in great abundance which we can use instead of these commodities, and we can prevent wastes in a thou­ sand directions. We must guard the drainage of exports from the United States, that we retain a proper supply for our own country, and we must adopt such measures as will amelior­ ate, so far as may be, the price condi­ tions of our less fortunate. We might so drain the supplies from the country to Europe as by the high prices that would follow to force our people to shorten their consumption. This oper­ ation of "jjormal economic forces" would starve that element of the com­ munity to whom we owe the most pro­ tection. We must try to Impose the burden equally Upon all. Action Must Be Voluntary. There is no royal road to food con­ servation. We can only accomplish this by the voluntary action of our whole people, each element in propor­ tion to Its means. It Is a matter of equality of burden; a matter of rain- ute saving and substitution at every point in the 20,000,000 kitchens, on the £0,000,000 dinner tables and In the 2,- 000,000 manufacturing, wholesale and retail establishments of the country. The task Is thus In Its essence the dally individual service of all the people. Every group can substitute and even authority on foot troubles and their mechanical correction, says not one aduit in 100 has feet that are com­ pletely free from defects. He has made a life study of the subject and h^g patented a great number of appli­ ances for correcting defective cqndl- Uob* and giving comfort. 1 - Doo Aids War Morsdif - Tn Victoria, British Columbia, there is a successful collector for the Blue Cross fund for horses disabled in war. His name. Is Prince and he ls » Neifr- the great majority of ^thrtfty people can save a littler--and the more luxuri­ ous elements of the population can by reduction to simple living save muctL The final reaulf of substituting* othfer products and saving one pound of wheat flour, two ounces of fats, spvgo ounces of sugar and seveiv ouhces of meat weekly, by each person, will, when we have multiplied this by one "hundred million, have Increased our exports to the amounts absolutely re­ quired by our allies. This means no more than that we should eat plenty, but eat wtsely and without waste. Food conservation has other aspects of utmost Importance. Wars must be paid for by savings. We must save in the consumption in commodities and the consumption of unproductive la­ bor in order that we may divert our manhood to the army and to the shops. If by the reduction in consumption of labor and the commodities that It pro­ duces and the diversion of this saving to that labor and those commodities demanded by the war, we shall be able to fight to eternity. We can mortgage our future savings for a little while,, but a piling up of mortgages is but a short step toward bankruptcy. Every atom that we save is available for sub­ scription to Liberty bonds. The whole of Europe has been en­ gaged ever since the war began in the elimination of waste, the simplification of life, and the increase of its indus­ trial capacity. When the war is over the consuming power of the world will be reduced by the loss of prosperity and man power, and we shall enter a period of competition without parallel In ferocity. After the war, we must maintain our foreign market| if our working people are to be employed. We shall be In no position to compete if we continue to live on the same basis of waste and extravagance on whicji we have lived hitherto. Simple, temperate living is a moral issue of the first order at any time,4 and any other basis of conduct during the war be­ comes a wrong against the Interest of the country and the Interest of democracy. The impact of the food shortage of Europe has knocked at every door of the United States during the past three years. The prices of foodstuffs have nearly doubled, and the reverberations of Europe's increasing shortage svould have thundered twice as loudly dur­ ing the coming year even had. we not entered the War, and it can nOw only be mitigated if we can exert a strong control and this in many directions. We are today in an era of high prices. We must maintain prices at such a level as will stimulate producy tlon, for We are faced by a starving world and the value of a commodity to the hungry is greater than its price. As a result of tire world shortage of supplies, our consumers have suffered from speculation and extortion. While wages for some kinds of labor have increased with the rise In food -prices, In others, it has been difficult to main­ tain our high standard of nutrition. By the elimination of waste in all classes, by. the reduction In the con­ sumption of foodstuffs by the more for­ tunate, we shall increase our supplies not only for export but for home, and by Increased supplies we can help in the amelioration of. prices. " For Better Distribution. Beyond? this the duty has been laid upon the food administration to co-op> erate with the patriotic men In trades and commerce, that we may eliminate the €Vlls which have grown into out system of distribution, that the bur­ den may fall equitably upon all by res­ toration, so far as may of the nop-,, mal course of trade, otls the purpose of the food administration to use its utmost power and the utmost ability that patriotism can assemble to ameli­ orate this situation to such fe degree as may be possible. The food administration Is assem­ bling the best expert advice in the country on home economics, on fool utilization, on- trade practices and trade wastes, and on the conduct ol public eating places, and we shall out­ line from time to time detailed sugges­ tions, which if honestly carried out by such Individuals in the country, we be­ lieve will effect the Result which we must attain. We. are asking every home, every public eating place and many trades, to sign a pledge card to accept these directions, so far as their circumstances permit, and we are organizing various instrumentalities to ameliorate speculation. We are ask­ ing the metr of the country who are not actually engaged In the handling of food to sign similar pledges that' they shall see to it, so far as they are able, that these directions are followed. We are asking all who wish us well and who undertake our service to be­ come actual members of the food ad­ ministration, Just as much volunteers In national service as we ourselves are, so that thus the food administration may not be composed of a small body of men in Washington and a small representation In each state, but may become a body of 50,000,000 people, devoted absolutely to the services of democracy. We hope to see the in­ signia of membership in every patri­ otic window in the country. Autocracy finds its strength |n its ability to Impose organlzatfBn by force from the top. The essence of democracy consists $n the application of the initiative in Its own people. If individualism cannot be so organized as to defend Itself, then democracy is a faith which cannot stand.** We are seeking to impose no organisation from the top. We are asking the American people to organize from the bottom up, and this is the essence of democracy Itself. The call of patriotism, of humanity and of duty rings clear and Insistent. We must heed It U we are to defend our Ideals, maintain our foqn of gov­ ernment, and safeguard our future wel­ fare. - - - foundland. For months, with his bo*, decorated 'with the Blue Cross, strapped to his collar, Prince has served his king and country as faith­ fully and as true as any subject of George V, by petitioning alms for the horses wounded and suffering In the • *r},"4p" • ">.t. v. WIS*. > * **A man should take the horns," advised the sage. "Yes," agreed the fool. "The trouble la to find a ball that will stand rer IV* . •: PATENTS Watson 1. tioloa r.Wualn __ w- bOOlL® „ A Temperance Lesson. Newton Newklrk, who has been amusing newspaper readers for a nuni- ber of years by chronicling the doings of rural folks In the Bingvllle Bugle, studies local color In the Maine vil­ lages during his vacation periods. On one of the trips he formed t£|: acquaintance of an old resident who had the reputation of being InordinatflK ly fond of cider. -" v Uncle Hex presented a sorry speef tacle when Newt met him In the road one day. t ,.r "What has happened to yoO?" In­ quired the writer. . "I wus up t* Sink Spradin's anil drank a couple o' cuppers o* hard cider." ^ "I see--" /: .vM: "On my way back here I crossed tl»ft bridge over Gander creek--" • "Uh-huh!--" "And Just as I reached the middle of the bridge I heard a splash." "What made the splash?" ' "Well, there was a man flonndettn' about in the water, and when I looked around to see who it wuz. denied If it wuzn't me."--Pittsburgh Chronicle. SKIN TORTURES •il • • • , !> That Itch, Burn and 8calo Quickly ft*, lieved by Cuticura--Trial Free. It takes about ten .minutes to prove- that a hot bath with Cuticura Soap followed by gentle applications of Cuticura Ointment will afford relief and point to speedy healment of eczemas, itchings and irritations. They are ideal for all toilet purposes. Free sample each by mail with Book. Address postcard, Cuticura, Dept. I* Boston. Sold everywhere.--Adv. The Effects of Habit. In reward of faithful political serv­ ice an ambitious saloonkeepr was ap­ pointed police magistrate. "What's the charge aga'ln this man?" he Inquired when the flrst case was called. "Drunk, yer honor," said the police­ man. The newly-made magistrate frowned upon the trembling defendant "Guilty or not guilty?" he demanded. "Sure, sir," faltered the accused. "I never drink a drop." "Have a cigar then" urged his hon-. or persuasively, as he absently pol­ ished the top of the Judicial desk with, his pocket, handkerchief. Fastened On. It was small Gilbert's sad fate to suffer the attention of a well-meaning doctor. "Put out your tongue, my boy" the persecutor said. ' Gilbert feebly produced the tip of that member. "No, no put It right out," the doc­ tor said. Gilbert shook his head weakly and tears gathered in his eyes. v "I can't," he cried, "it's fastened on."--New York Globe. His Uncertainty. Farmer Honk--Say, Lent! Farmer Stackrider--Har I Farmer Honk--Is that 'ere solemn, spectacled young nephew of yourn that's beln' called "Doctor," and goes around lookin' as wise as a treeful of owls, a dentist, a hoss doctor 's corn- curer, a layer-on-of-hands, a presidin' elder, or Just a common doctor -that saws bones and kills folks? A waiting Game. "By the way, old man, how Is your suit with Miss Roxley progressing?" "Slowly- I'm playing a waiting game Just now." "A waiting game?" "Yes; I'm waiting for her to change ber mind." Fallen Greatness. "Lizsle does put on such airs. 8be Bays the young man she's engaged to Is at work in the trenches." "I know that's strictly true. He's employed by a gas company." A CaO to • Tour Grocer 2<. will bring a • package of Grape-Nuts , A delicious, healthful food ̂ and a pleas­ ing lesson in economy. 'There's a Reason* S "$k'- 'if- ;* • ^