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VON STEUBEN SOLD HIS T HORSE TO PAY FOR FOOD A great national episode such as the celebration next year of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of George Washington is sure to enrich the country with a new knowledge of our, national begihners, as the efeat occasion turns our attention as never before to Washington and his time§. Along with George Washington we are sure to recall also some of the great figures who fought with him in the struggle for Independence, and among these Baron von Steuben is certain of a distinguished place. At this late date--nearly 150 years, after the close of the Revolutionmuch of the intimate, personal history of that dramatic period has been lost or forgotten, but fortunately the Revolution produced a few chron- -By- v . Mltiml Editorial Association Steuben was so enraged that he or-1 dered every man named Arnold in his I tommand to select another name, or!• suffer the penalty of being immediately expelled from the ranks. "A few; days after givinfc this order, the Gen-K prat famp upon a Connect ifnt. soldier^ named Arnold who had paid no at-j One of the greatest tasks confronttention to the edict. The General ing the selected group representing was for putting the penalty in force | the government and industry in seekat once, but the quick-witted fellow j ing readjustments is to sift a few Our . ashington ^Letter vn Wlea^FouUia Pen Work* Ai| agent is a man whose fountain pen won't work until he dnrts It at jrotur beat rug.--Akron Beacon Journal. Squeak* Kill Bogi , Audible sound waves so high pitched: that they are said to be "terrific'; squeaks", have been ujsed successfully by two Texas scientist^ to kill bacteria. Wluitle* Break Berg* Steamships on the Pacific coasts Ttb & port that by blowing loud blasts from their whistles they are able to smijHft ' ' ^ Icebergs within range of the sound.' " Lmim by Fall* The child, through stumbling v : : * > tp walk erect. ^rartL--Parker. > > ; v#i hurried to say in his own defense: "Sure General, I'm no traitor. I'llwillingly renounce' the name j£ •allowed to assume sue that is dear to every American soldier." "What is that ?" von Steuben askei. "Von Steuben," the soldier replied. serviceable ideas from the avalanche off panaceas that have vflooSed-* the town recently. While politics is ob-| viously interwdven in the patch-work relief it may be said with conviction, that every effort is made to keep this bugaboo of non-partisan committees in the background. Many ideas are seemingly plausible until subjected to '(I*r«ipaied by th« Nations.! QeonrnJlite Scoitrty, W&nbihg-tou, V. C.) recent announcement that coffee consumption in the United States climbed to a tctai of pounds per person In 1930, adds Interest to the checkered career of the beverage since it was first brewed In the Near East a millennium and a half ago. ' tfhere are about 80 species of coffee plants but only a few of them are extensively cultivated for commercial use. The coffee plant Is a cousin of the cinchona tree from the bark of which quinine is produced. Gambler, which furnishes tanning material and dyes that bear the same name, and madder from the roots of which a substance Is extracted that is Important in some red dyes, also are related to the coffee plant. The coffee plant started its worldwide ramblings centuries ago. Beginning in the hills of Ethiopia, it "Jumped" the Red Sea and coffee plantations began to rise above the * soil of the extreme southern tip of Arabia where the famous Mocha coffee now is produced. Later it was carried to Europe (about 250 years ngo) and then to the West Indies and Brazil. Tradition has it that the discovery of coffee's stimulating effect upon the Iranian system was an accident One story runs that the plant was discovered in the Fourth century by a group of monks who had been -driven out of Egypt and found refuge in the Ethiopian hills. The monks maintained themselves by agriculture and sheep and goat raising. One night a monk reported to his leader that the flocks would not rest--that they were wide awake and frisking about during the hours when they should be quiet. The leader started investigations that led to the coffee plant which he found the animals consumed while browsing on the hillsides. He chewed a few of the berries from the strange bush and found that they kept him unusually alert during the night services which were held in accordance with his religion. C-..A ' 1 • Although coffee did not strike a popular cord among Europeans until the Fifteenth century, as early as the reign of Charles II, in the middle of the Seventeenth century there were more than 3,000 coffee houses in London. Today coffee is a popular brew in every continent and on the civilized Islands of the seas, with the United States as the world's leading consumer. More than 1,599,000,000 pounds jot coffee were imported by the United fitates last year. V First Used as a Past*. But the coffee berry has had tt# "Hps and downs during its rise to fame in the beverage world. Its first use ' was in the form of a paste which was eaten. Early Moslems were not permitted to drink wine, so they learned the art of making a brew from coffee berries. The nsrfhe coffee is derived from the Arabic word Kahweh, "which was pronounced Kahveh by the Turks. Kahveh was the gen- «al Arabic term for intoxicating * liquors. • According to some authorities, the first cup of coffee was druflk as a refreshment at Aden, Arabia, In the Fifteenth century, Cairo began drinking the beverage about 50 years later. Meanwhile Moslem leaders held a meeting at Mecca where they decided that coffee should be banned. That was In 1511. As a result of the Mecca decision, coffee warehouses were burned and coffee houses were closed in many parts of the Mohammedan world. Some of the coffee house proprietors were beaten with their own brewing ' utensils by fanatical Moslems. The ban In Egypt lasted only thirteen years, when Sultan Sellm I gave Ctfffee his stamp of approval. He emphasized his approval of the brew by ordering the execution of two Persian doctors who had denounced the use of coffee as Injurious to health. Today * Egypt Is among the largest coffee drinking regions of the world. Some desert people of Egypt; and the Near Bast use the beverage in connection Wjth religious observances. > In the East, coffee is usually used •-|0k. powdered form. The coffee beans popularly known in the United States are placed in a mortar and pounded. Tlien the powder is put Into boiling water. The coffee maker serves the beverage only after a prescribed ceremony. He pours a small quantity of tte liquid into one cup and then rinses each cup with the brew. After all cups have been rinsed, the rinsing liquid is poured on the fire as a tribute to Sheykh esh Shadhilly, the coffee drinkers' patron. Half a cup Picking Coffee Berriee in Brazlf. « • " •' is siervpd -first^ honored guest. To hand a full cup to a guest would be an insult; Coffee Map of th« World. If one were to construct a coffee 1 map of the world filling in coffee growing areas in black he would find most j of his dark area on the portion of the j world map between the Tropic of t Capricorn a!nd the Tropic of Cancer. ^Mexico would be filled In from the ; Tropic of Cancer to its Southernmost border. The whole area of Central America and a wide coastal rim around the northwestern shoulder of South America, Including portions of Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru on the Pacific, and Columbia and the Guianas on the Atlantic would also be marked, as well as Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, and Santo Domingo. An inverted peainShaped area on the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Bahia to a point .south of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil is the world's leading coffeeproducing area. In this region la Sao Paulo state whose prosperity rises and falls with the condition of the coffee Industry. Coffee is responsible for the fact that the state has more miles of railroads than any other state In the republic. The railroad leading from Santos, the world's chief coffee port, to Sao Paulo, the world's coffee capital. Is one of the richest steel highways because It Is literally a^coffee funnel, the smaller end of the funnel being set In ships' holds at Santos, ' The first coffee berries did not reach Brazil Until 1727. Today coffee ana Brazil are nearly synonymous. In Sao Paulo state alone there are more than 40,000 coffee plantations with 996,000,- 000 trees in production. New trees numbering 158,000.000 have been set out and soon will be in production. One plantation owns Its own railroads, highways, shops, stores and warehouses. Africa haS^iev^Tncoffe^bMhg regions. Liberia, Sierra Leone and a; portion of southern Nigeria are large producers. The coastal zones of the Belgian Congo and a portion of Angola, -Mozambique and Kenya are dotted with plantations while Ethiopia, original home of the famous coffee berry, continues to produce Coffee planta- , tions in Madagascar are crtfjfined to the eastern half of the island. The southwestern corner of the Arabian Pei/nsula continues to grow "And sure I'll never disgrace, it." • "Take it,'* said the General. <)!And,! , . » ,, do what you can to add to the honor j closest .scrutiny? and eventual}!1 iclers who have handed down to us it already has in its adoption by a. d'scarded. Official Washington is sketches of the outstanding person-j brave man." ' honestly endeavoring to work out alities of those days, and one <tr two] Sti\x one more glimpse of the reall£fns .*h,ich T1" pei*i"t S£ of the anecdotes dealing with Von toan jn voll Steuben has come down to! .,m *C m 5eS WY*_ ' Steuben are priceless for their £n iin old tome devoted to' anec-'Tplsfe\j. h* , ? » i ^ • ing and yet touching character. • I dotes of the Revolution, the author! »v •* fo^artiy As any American w*t.h a smatter- 0j dining with von Steutfen hot.|w J ing of history knows, George Wash-1 j0jjg Robert Mofris had resigned i 1 ,ro ^ w ington and his staff outdid them-|gg Financier of the Uhited State*, '• ' J ^rikea selves -in- humanity to the captured j move wftnch somewhat puzzleii ! nna labor di^tm-bances is detected in British ,n»y .f««- the Surrender .t ifrie„d,. >T(, me... said von Yorktown. Washington tendered a • «it is no mystery." And he proceeded * , or_anized labor especially state dinner to his beaten foe, Corn-i^o tell a story to illustrate his point. raiim»d workers will re wallis; and afterward the generals of i N„ J. fo_ Hig Cook . ^he ™llroad ^orkerswill re- . « - _ i i J: •Wo *Vml I0r Mls his staff gave similar dinners in turn. gist to the utmost proposals for wage As a member of the staff, General von Steuben naturally wished to follow the example of his brother officers, the American cause and literally j y .. p 7 "hadn't the price of a dinner"^bout ^ C "im « to have said. "He's been a faithful servant to me throughout the war, but painful as it is, we now must part. . Colonel. Stewart, deeffly touched, refused to accept the horse and hande d o v e r h i s p u r s e t o v o n S t e u b e n , , . . . . . i j with the suggestion that if the money 1 have crushed h,s art,stl<5 Pr,de' and sist On leaving Paris for America to cu^s which are considered just around join in the Revolution, the Baron said, the corner. Anxiety is felt because he had brought along a celebrated | a tie-up _of the rail transportation K.,f >,«/! enrrifirod his fortune to cook- W^en the Baron arrived here,, svstems would naturally affect the en- ** "P.?!? Washington's army was quartered at: tjre ecinomic life of tTie „«tion. The American • widespread wage cut« in all industries .. - ^ and said he ^.^jd, jt is said, have ,a tendency to IU1. Favorite Horsed * had detailed to the Saron's| eliminatt .sympathy which might be AronrdW to onp veracious%tttT,i- 0rders- Meanwhile the Baron'S CeJe"lextended their unionized railroad cler of the time von Steuben ap- M)rated cook 1°°^^ about the camp for j brethren under changed conditions. , the ut*"sils ""=«sar:'- the; Th„„ i8 . srowinK convlctio, th.t known to be in fund,, and Offered fori '°" ot llj L"Sfo*u^Sno™ it '°"t: f ,h'S "m'l! *"d lab" coU v%ic favnrito ),nr» fnr mmipv' serve- Naturally he found none at a scheme will be evolved to permit ^foTnLeX til t »f£ il Vall«S' F°«'- •"<> in "'-'V" h< *P- labor to Sh.,e »ore and .more inl sufficient to finance the feast. 1» i plied to this American soldier for sug- Drofits. gestions as to what to do in such an Leaders of industry and finance emergency. who ordinarily gather in the sprlng- "We cook our meat," the soldier time have assembled here this week to observed, "by hanging it up by a! consider specific problems affecting string and "turning it before a fire-" ! business. Not the least of the sub- Evidently the Baron's cook acted, jects on the table is that,of an actual on the advice, but the results must and prospective governmental deficit. The cards indicate a shortage of a it contained were not enough, the j had ^°od * as .long as he general might sell his watch instead. ^u5d. ** presented himself before the The suggestion drew from von j Baron apd tendered his resignation. Steuben the news that his watch had j "Under happier circumstances mon long ago been sold and the price giv- i General, he said, ' it would be my en to a fellow officer- "Poor fellow,", potest ambition to ?erve you, but the general said, "he was so verv sick f here, what chance do I have to di»- and needy. A brave fellow too, with P1^ m>r talents! Any rear private is just as able to turn the string as I. "You see, gentlemen," Baron von Steuben said, on telling the story, the treasury of America is at present as empty as my kitchen at Valley Forge, and Mr., Morris is wise to retire. It doesnt matter who turns the best of hearts." So the generous Baron insisted that his horse go the way of his watch.' Still another anecdote survives to lend lustre to the character of this great patriot and generous man. When news came to him of the trea son of Benedict Arnold, General von 1 the String." SPRING PBOVK Mr. and Mrs. Hafner of Cleveland, Ohio, with their nieces, Paulina and Luella Adams, left for the former's home, one day last week. The Adams girls plan to visit in Cleveland for two weeks. Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Esh and daughthe So-called Mocha coffee, while the I *ers of Watertown, Wis.,^ were Sunr southern tip of India and Ceylon also dinner guests of Mr. and Mrs. are Important coffee-growing regions of Asia. Java and neighboring islands have successfully grown coffee transplanted from Liberia, and New Guinea's eastern plantations are showing promise In the coffee Industry. » Australia's coffee-growing region is In Queensland, he so-called "sugar bowl" of the continent How the Bean Is Handled The coffee plant grows to a height of from 15 to 20 feet. Its blossoms remain on the plant only a day or two when the petals wither and fall and the fruit begins to take shape. A bush produces from two to three crops a year. Ripe coffee berries resemble dark red cherries. Inside the "cherries" are two coffee beans (the coffee of commerce) which are extracted by various processes. The beans are*enveloped In a delicate skin and fleshy pulp. In Arabia these ^coverings are removed by the old drying method. The berries-are spread out on a drying floor a few Inches deep where they are frequently stirred so that each berry may be exposed to the sun. The pulpy covering dries in from two to three weeks after which the berries are pounded until the coffee beans are set free . The most popular method of hulling is the wet method. The berries are brought In from the field and placed In tanks. The mature berries will sink to the bottom of the tank where they are drawn off through pipes and conveyed to crushing machines. The crushed mass passes to a water tank where It is stirred to separate the beans. The bedns fall to the bottom of the tank and are withdrawn. At this stage the beans are covered with a slimy film which is removed by placing them in a vat where fermentation sets up. Then they are washed, dried and sacked for market, the latter process consisting of assorting the beans into sizes, colors, and eliminating any foreign bodies from the mass. Young coffee plants must be given protection from the sun for several months* after they break through theground. Some planters shade them with palm leaves; some by building a mattihg-covered frame over the plants about three feet above the ground. "Spoken Like a M*an An English anthropologist claims to have discovered that certain tribes in South America - have two languages, one spoken by the woman and another by the men. In North America we have only one language and most of that is flpoken by the wouieo.--i-'athfinder Driver Is Lucky v'i A limousine is a sedan with a glaaa ' pStf-tiUon to protect driver ^ taun K:^"j|8iy conversatJflB. .X; ;" * .. - ^ Hospic* 8,000 Feet High The hospice of the Grand St. Bernard in Valais, Switzerland, where the big dogs are trained to rescue travelers lost in the snowdrifts, is 8,000 feet above the Rhone valley. It is often cut off from the outside world for .fep.'ibeavy storms. ^ * •- The Blew Nothing discourages an optimist more than to discover that the'pessimist has most of the mouey,--Toledo Blade. 7 Anton May. Mr- and Mrs. A. Richardson and two sons, Robert and Walter, were Saturday dinner. .guejsta of Mr. and Mrs. Chet Steveinjs. Mr. and Mrs. Harold Colby of Waukegan were Friday callers at the home of the latter's father, Silas Pierce. Sunday guests of Mr. and Mrs. Nimsgern were Mr. and Mrs. Nebgan and family and Mr- and Mrs. Weinhart of Chicago and Mr. and Mrs. Mike Degen of Kenosha, Wis. James Jackson of Solon was a visitor in town Saturday. Math Lay is serving on jury at Woodstock this week. Mrs. J. Motley is enjoying a few days visit with her granddaughter, Mrs. Thomas Madden and husband. Miss Regina Rauen of Chicago spent the past week with her parents, Mr. and Mrs- Mike Rauen. . Miss Blanche Maine of Rockford spent the past week with her sister, Mrs. Edna Sweet. Glenn Esh and Robert Godfrey of Watertown, Wis., transacted business here Friday. Mr. and Mrs. Math Nimsgern and Mr. and MrsvJfick Young of Ringwood visited at Elgin Wednesday. Mr* and Mrs. John Sanborh and faqiily of Chicago called on Mrs. B. L. Orvis Monday. Mrs. John Weber and friend of St. Charles were Monday callers in town. Mrs. Math Rauen was hostess to a three table five hundred party Thursday afternoon. Prizes were won by Mrs. Wm- Bowman, Mrs. John Rauen, Mrs. J. J. Freund and Mrs. Thomas McCafferty. Refreshments were-served at the close of the games. The KITCHEN ICABIMT <(£). X931. Western Newspaper Union.) "Talk happiness: the •world is sad enough Without your Woes.- ' "- « No path is wholly roUfh, Look for places tbat are smooth and clear, • And #peak to these to rest the Weary ear Of earth, so hurt by one continav CUB strain Of human discontent and grief and pain." Man's Limitations Man can fly like a bird, tess, but he can't keep himself in a singing mood after landing on a barbed wire fence.--Wayaa^ews- SentlneL . , » - - • » F i r s t Saw • Snake Talus, the Greek, Is said to have invented the saw from having once fqund the Jawbone of a snake, which be employed to cut through a small piece <rf wood. . Mack to Unleiava What's the use? You are content in the belief that you know everything and then you get educated and disco.?- er you don't know anything.--Los Angeles Times. / ' Everlasting •'A /raetion of a grain of muik WjH scant a room for yeirs. and the curious thing about it is that at the end of that time Its weight is not <dimiuiahed by the smartest fraction. -- SPRING DI8HES With the delicious rhubarb, fresh from the garden in early spring, one has the best of spring tonics. Cut it Into half-lncli l e n g t h s w i t h o u t peeling ^ind put to l.ake in a baking dish with sugar to sweeten. Remove f r o m t h e o v e n when tender and serve either hot or cold. r Rhubarb Vanity.--Wash and cut the rhubarb without peeling Into half-inch pieces, place in a baking dish, adding one cupful of sugar to a pound of rhubarb. Cook covered, over low heat until the Juices flow, then uncover and .cook until thick. By adding the sugar r.fter the rhubarb is nearly done it wilt save constant watching. Cool and fold in two well beaten egg whites and three-fourths of a cupful of freshly shredded coconut. Chill before serving with a thin custard, using the yolks of tbe eggs and one cupful of milk and sugar to sweeten. Energy Salad.--Mince parsley, taking two tahlespoonfuls, one-half package of dates that have been pitted, mash one package of cream cheese, adding the parsley and two tablespoonfuls of seedless raisins, moisten with cream or salad dressing if needed and stuff the dates with tbe cheese mixture. Serve on lettuce with a spoonful of salad dressing. Rhubarb Betty.--Melt two tablespoonfuls of butter and add two cupfuls of bread crumbs, mix with one cupful of sugar, one-fourth teaspoonful each of cinnamon and nutmeg, the grated rind of an orange and one cupful of fresh grated coconut or one package of coconut. Place the mixture in layers with three cupfuls; of rhubarb using the juice of the orange sprinkled over the fruit Cover with buttered crumbs and bake 45 minutes closely covered. Uncover and brown. Serve plain or with a hard sauce or a foamy egg sauce. The Ultimata Electricity how Is used to do the Washing, the sweeping, the freezing ijuod the sewing, but- ^hat a man wants to know is when they'll find a way to use it to earn the money the family peepL-^CindsnaU Effquirer. billion at the end of the present fiscal year, June 30. Forced to cut their payrolls and discharge employees private business leaders are not disposed to stand silent while the government departments are free from similar economics. Hence, the hearings before Senate and House Appropriation •committees next month will find watchers from national trade groups ready to oppose raids on the treasury by federal "workers. The political tides are constantly changing and measurements are difficult. The action of the American Legion in advocating changes in the prohibition law is regarded in some quarter^ as a forerunner of a political change. No one expects modification to follow on the heels of the soldiers' policy announcement. Yet, everywhere opinion is gaining ground that this ojganizKi minority will effectively change sentiment in Congressional districts where no other influence could touch. The Legion had a willing Congress when it demanded bonus legislation in face of I enormotts federal deficits. Right or wrong on policies Tecent legislative history shows that the American Legion is a factor to be reckoned in politics. As experienced legislators know a "resentment vote" is an incalculable force and worthy of attention. With a pronounced trend in industry to discharge women workers in favor of men during a depression, the extent of women's invasion of commerce is interesting. The Department of Labor stated this week that 10,778,794 women were gainfully employed in 1930 which is a gain of 26 per cent in ten years. This change has come despite increased earning power of males in the family. During this period men registered only 15 per cent gain in employment. Time has proven that women are better fitted to certain industrial and business tasks than the opposite sex. There is a strortg movement to bring about an equalization of wages which is a worthy objective. ' • Library «f the Vatican Make a trip to the Vatican library snd It will reward you In many ways. Your eyes may be glad to look at Dante's, "Divine Commedla," dedicated to Boecacio, or the Fourth century Cordex Vaticenus, which has uncial wrlMijg at Its perfection/ There Is here also an Augustean Vigil of the Second century, and a large collection of autograph letters from Petrarch; Tasso, Raphael, Anne Boleyn and even Martin Lutber. Here are frescoes, bronzes from the catacombs, and aboOt 500,tKJt) books to Jill many an odd hour.--Exchange. . • ." Iroa Keeps Tre«s Greea threatened with a dfwas© called chlorosis, which produces a loss of green In the foliage, can be kept healthy by treatment with solutions of iron salts. The salts may be injected through an Iron tube, Inserted into the tree trunk and sealed up, or they may be placed In a narrow trench around the base of the tree.--'Popular . Mechanics Magazlnfc ' Fox in London Cemetery After prolonged sleuthing the mystery of dead birds and half-eaten rabbits, which had been found in the City of London cemetery, was cleared. A gravedigger found a large, well-fed brown fox sheltering among the tombstones. The animal, which escaped, IS" ,*eUjWaed to hare a lair in the Detects Faalty Glase Defective glasswear now can be detected before it leaves the factory by tests with a light ^hioh shows up^ the faults. The lamp ^vfoduces polarized light whicik reveals the defects in the glass.--Popular Mechanics Migatf-- SWEDISH MASSAGE For Rheumatism, Lameness, Nervousness, Constipation, Headache, Lack of Pep amTlSnergy, try our Swedish Massage. Steam and Electric Cabinet Baths and Electric Treatments. _. ijg ' Ertckson Massage Parlors Woodstock, 111. 200 Deflin SI. Xphoiie 182 EXTRA FANCf . % 75c per bushel » Car will be on track, near McHenry depot, FRIDAY, OCT. 2. • Man at car Sunday forenoon. . . r We also have canning pears at $1 per bu. D. Segel Tel. McHenry 92-J. West McHenry. HI. * -j f j - "1 if i " • ' * r- r j 'v' ' - t . But I must remind you all that we are still serv-, ing those tasty plate lunches every day. W« are proud of them and do not hesitate to say 90. Many pleased customers will testify to thft fact that these plates contain the best of food and the service is exceptional. Try one today* JOHN KARLS _ T on Riverside Drive ~^rr- • - • • "Come in please--Go out pleased'* - \ -V - J *\ 5' • 11' ;] " ; ': 1 < iv / ^ I •' 1 2 &SS WEST SIDE GARAGE Adams, Prop. Tel 186 General Automobile Repairing • V , Re* Phone, 639-R-2 ; 4' : • > 2 WARM FRIENDS for CHILLY WEATHER An electric spot-heater Plug an electric heater into any electric outlet and itvwill focus its cheerful warmth wherever you point it. Fine for the bathroom, for earfymorning dressing in the bedroom, for drafty corners. Also ma!;q|„a <juick, handy drier. The Hotpoint heater pictured is $8 cash. $^5Q QjChef . h e a t e r s beginning a t . • -Only $1 down A An electric wirming pad Aches and pains are quickly soothed with an electric warming pad. The Hotpoint pa<| \ pictured has automatic control - that holds a low, medium oe „ high heat. Comes in colors . with slip cover to prevent soil- - ing. Complete, $8 cash. Othef electric warming pads $ .445 are priced as low as . t-" ; Set t&dt* ctzQf-Weatba- appliances atyt&r Public Stryiae Smr *r yw ntighhrimd appliance dealert. PUBUC SERVICE COMPANY OP NORTHERN ILLINOIS E. J. LARKIN, Dist, Mgi C ^ 191 Wima»aSt,07«talLaki OtksI Lake PImm SM -- -V S 'M' -."i ,7-J ' ¥„V#sVs j * ^ • ^ * ] "V-V