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: > 2 , -- -v;' • • '-V - • •« ' • \ . ; • ; . . .s.;?;' ? •• :;, -----f :--,7:-- i '•r:' llfiil ; . <?> " Pledged but to Truths to Liberty ard Law; Ko Favors Win us and no Fear Shall Awe." • ' 7 . VOL. 22. M'HENRY, ILLINOIS, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 13, 1897, a " ' . ' \ NO. 28. PUBLISHED EVBBY WEDNESDAY BY - J . V A N S L Y K E , - EDITOB AND PBOPBIKTOB. OFFICE IN , THE NICHOLS BLOCK Two Doors North of Perry & Owen's Store, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: 3al»scrlpttoc» receiv*«i for three or six months in the same proportion, , RATES OF ADVERTISING: We annauuoe liberal rates foradvertlsing In the PI^AIKDEALKB, and endeavor to s»te. them ao plainly that they. wttl be readily on* der stood. They are *s followei I Inoh one year - . • - 5. 4: 2 Inches one year - - " • ~ 1X ou 8 Inches one year - - - u Oolumn one year - . - " " 2Xoo X Oolumn one y ear „ w Oolumn one year 100 w One Incn means the measurement of one noh down the oolumn,single column width. Yearly advertisers, at the above rates, have the privilege of ohanging as often as thej choose, without extra charge. ,0. Rettular advertisers (meaning those having -fan.ilnff cards) will be entitled to insertion »nvr.^."«7^kr50"eper Transient advertisements will be charged at the rate of 10 cents per, line, (nonpareil fcy'pS same as this is set in) the.first Issue, and 6 oents per line for subsequent issnei^ Thus, editorial notioes, but, ats» *>£ everybody a&assr.:. •&s*z£& gain. «" All Foreign Advertising payable quarterly, in advance, , These terms will be strictly adhered to. BUSINESS CAKDS. v • L. N. WOOD, M D. PHYSICIAN AND SUtGEON, Office at G W Beslej't Drug f?tore. Offiee liours, 9 to 11 A. M , and 2 to 4 P. M. Residence over Jiaiban Bros , Wobenry. Iil O.H. rSGEBfl, M, D- PHYSIOIAN AND SURGEON, MoUenr\ Ills. Office at Residence. JOS. L. ABT, M. D. PHYSICIAN, SURGEON AND OODLipT, Office ID Nichoif HI; ck, over Plaiudealer Office. McHfury ..Telephoue No 4 DR. BAECHLER, DENTIST. • Wort Plate Work, and everything per­ taining toJDenttstry. Parties from a distance should drcp a car<! a oay or two letore coming. Office. McHenry. DR. A. F. AUR1NUER, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. Office in the Stroner building, one door wen of A, P. Baer'e store, West McHenry, 111. Residence, house iormcrly occupied by Dr Osborne, All professional tails promptly at tended to. O. B. HOWE, M. D, FJBYS1CIAN AND St.BGEON. Cffi-'e and Re nocnoe, Hotel Woodblock, Woodstock. Jut. W ill make vislt6only in consultation. F. O. COLBY, D. D. R. DENTIST. Woodstock. 111. Special aten tion paid to regulating children's teeth, Parties coining from a distance w>ll do weii to give timely notice by mail. Office, Kendal bioch corner Main street and 1'uolioSq arc KNIGHT A BROWN, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. 100 washingtor Siro*t, CHICAGO. ILL. FRANK L. SHEPABD, COUNSELLOR AT LAW. Suite 804--132 Ola k Ht., Ohio ago. O. P. BARNES, ATTORNEY, Solicitor, andi Counselor *teU60tU>nsia specialty. WOODSTOCK, ILLINOIS. JOHN P. SMITH, & Jeweler McHENRY. ILLINOIS. ABTHE slock of Olooks, Watches and Jew airy always on hand. Special attentloi given to repairing ilne watches. Give m. a call. JOHN P- BMITE W. A. CRI8TY, Lee of tlie Peace. WEST McHENRY, ILL. Spccial Attention paid to Collections. H. C. MEAD, Justice of the Peace and General In- e Agtnt Including Accident and Life Insurance. III. > w. P. ST. CLAIR, Justice of the Peace and Notary Public Heal Estate and Insurance Pi UN DA, Ills An Able Physician. J -- • DR. 0. B. HOWE, Specialist In Chronic Diseases A prominent practiti. ner in Chicago for 20 years, now located at Woodstock, III What Well-known Physicians say of h'm: J, H. Holiister, M. D., Prnf. Cl'nical Medi­ cine, Chitutgo, for the pist 34 years, consult­ ing physician to Mercy Hospital, CI* cago. for the past 24 years, office; eutt 502'Venetian BuiWing. Chicago, says, tinder date of Feb. 27, ISW: To WHOM IT MAY CONCKBN: I take pleasure m stating thaj in formed years I have often, met Dr 0,"B. Howe, in nie'iical -consultations and have found his methods of treat m•-at judicious, and his suc­ cess in a large practfe ••qual to triatof any of our best physicians. I think I hnve thus known r im for some 18 years, and have known much of hi practice, ha\ ing resided in Chicago for over 4!) years, and constantly meeting medical men "in and out of our col leges Isfecl prepared to strongly vouch for the standing of Dr. Howe. \ Very tteapeet'ully. DR. J. fl. Ho LISTER, D, R Brow.er, M. D„ office su 11214 to 1218 Veretiaw Building. Chicago, Professor of (iiscasenof the nerv. tin svstem, Ktisli Me i- cal College, i'rofesor of Jicuroioiry. f'ost. Graduate School of Medicine, Chicago, con. suiting physician to Presbyterian Hospi'ai, and Prenlden'-otState B.iard of Medical Ex­ aminers, Stite of Illinois, says: CHICAGO, March 10, 1S9C. Having been persouatlv a«-qua nted and frequently counseled with Dr. o. B. Howe during many years practice in Chicago, dur ing which time our offices were in the same ImiJditig tit the sou thwest corner of gtnte and Randolph itreets, says: •• I have l<een called by Dr. O, B. Howe in consultation in several of his caxes and always found b tin judicious and careful in his treatment, in fact, that he frequently calls for consultation is an evl df nee that he is conscientious and painstak­ ing in hie practice. D. R. BROWER , M D. Dr. W. H. Davis, Professor Principles and Practice of Medicine, Therpeutics and Ma­ teria M«dica for many years and consulting physician to tbc Presbyte ian H<>spi'al, Chi­ cago, office suite 904 Columbus Memorial Building, corner 8'ate and Washington sc's, Chicago, writes in.tier dare of fell, leflfi: To WHOM IT MAT COSOKRS: I take pleasure In slating thit I have known Dr. O B Howe lor the pist 18 y«a s; have b «n often called in consulta'ion with him, and have known much ofhi^ work and studie. Uuring his course in college, which was very thoroi gh in *11 the dsj ariments f medicine and "urgerv. In active practice Dr, Howe has held rank amonit the best and most. »ucce»sful practitioners in Chi' ag > He i» < conscientious and very successful physician and surgeon. Respecttuliy, W, H. DAVIS , M. D. A, L. Clark, M, D , over 20 years professor of diseases of w omen, .Bennett Meuichl Col­ lege, Chicago; Meiniicr Illinois State Binro of Health for 20 years, says: EL.,IN , 111 , Feb 27, 1896. '• This may certify that I have tor »eve al yews known Dr. O B. Howe as a succe: sfui and re table physician and surgeon, having frequently met him In consultations I feel •prepared to «ay tnat his meth tls of treat­ ment are judi. ious, scientific and skillfully' conducted. A. L. Cl.ABK. M D James Ncvins Hytle, M. D , Pro:ess r Der­ matology »nd Venerial Dit»'a*e^, Rush Mccil- 0*1 Oollege, Chleago: consulting j.hyslotax tn Cook county Hospital, Chieago; oelegate Irom Chicago to the International Mcui. al Congress, Paris, * ranee, office at 100 ntate btreet, Chicago, writes the following personal letter, tlftt'd Feb 23, 1.-96 *> DR O. B. HOWE, SVOODST CK, I II : My Dear Doctor:--1 am pleasrd to learn you are practiciug successfully in your pret> • nt looatlo", an'i trust you will continue tj have a large measure of success. I have known y..u mi re or leas intimately lor 17 ye«r«, and when >ou were hero frequently saw c.-ises with you in cnttu t"tiou. During t is time you were in a large and successful practice, and 1 Bin quite oonlident tha you will a tana large measure of success where you are now working. In thi casis wnlnti you treated and of whivh 1 have h-ul coyniz- ance, I have heen lu.pressed with the fact th t 011 were careful, skillful and consci«u- t:ous. Toiirs with very kin.I rTgards ard best wishes. JAMKS MLVINS HTDE, M D. Milton Jay, M O,, Profe»>sor f>t Surgery t r 20 vesri at Bennett Medical College, t^uicaRO, consulting surgeon to Cook < ounty Hospital, was president 01 the World's Me,.ica) Con­ gress, World's Columbian Exposition, fit Chicago in ifc.93, office 914, Columbus Memorial Builriing, says In a letter dated Keo. 27, 1&97. To WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: 1 havn been pcrsoi.ally and intimitely ac­ quainted with l>r. O. B. Howe lor tne past elgnteen years: hav-' metfi m oUen in rnnsnl- ta ti'-ns, anil Know him t>> be well informed on all medical subjects, and that he enjoyed a ltr*e practice 111 Clilc y.o tor ni >oy y^ars. our e ffices were in the same' building for years at No 70 elate tj reet 1 tcel lree to recoinu.end him to ail « ho m.iy need tbo ST vie-s of a llist class meaica man. He rank- amoiig the bo»t In the ltj-, is well up in iur gery as wall as medicine. MILIOJK JAT , M. D. DR. O. B. HOWE, Treats g'-ientiflcally and tucr.essftilly. by the latent approved meihoJs. all ch ouic DISKASI 8 ol the lu gs, heart, throat, ears, nose, stoma h, liver, kidneys bowels, vrotnti, an 1 sexual oigaos. SKIN DISKASKS , eczema; rhingles, salt Theuin, ecaiu head, tetter, psoriasis C/.piti«, psoriasis sycosis. ( arbers' itch) rinu worm, heroes, zi«ter, a >d all forms 01 cutaneoiis eruption, blotches, black heals, etc., cured perma eotly. MOLKS ANU SUPERFLOCS HAIR removed without pain b^ electroiynls ^-- DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS ^TSTKM , Neur- isthenia, locomotor ataxia, pr>gres9tve par- alysl-, headaehe, neuralgia, ft Vitus dance, sclaticatnsomnia, epilepjy, cured by German method and electrolysis. RHEUMATISM , acute, articular, mtifcti'ar. inli<imooat^ry and rh umatic gou'. positively • ured by a new and successful process. X-Ray Apparatus. Dr. Howe his a comp ete f'ecr'ea' outfit including the celebrated Meyrortitz Roetgen Rty apparatus for Kadiography and Fluio- scopic D'momtra ion By means of these wonderful • ontrlvancea the Doctor iee at)'.p.d to' xpiore the Innermost TC".*sees of the hit man o. patism and g i- with the natural eye wh.it before ro « ah.el bidden orobecure Toplor Static Machine Faradic and Galvan­ ic Eateries ar.d a-l ki ds of diagnostic and operative inslriutents to assist him n arriv in^ at a t o rect. dugn sis of a.-y dueace and their sutiebslul :r«atmer.t both medical ano surgical. CLUB B'EKT ^traigbtenei by surgical oper­ ation (Tenotomy). ~ . HEMOBHOIDES tPiles) cured without pain­ ful operation in most cases, or delay from business. VABIOCELE permanently cured by a new method.. .. .. HYI>R.CE&K ANP HERNIA cured without operation or delay irom buejppjs. 'MALIGNANT TUTORS und al} abnormal growths, foreign uo ies, pe-rostd bone, etc ; removed b, surgical operation. DEF JRMITIES eorrected aud birth narks rem ived by electrolysis, tS" Consultation free an ' confidential All medicines furuis eu free at cflj -e. A. M. CHURCH, Watohmaker and Jeweler No 126 State Street, Chicago. Special attention gives to repairing Pine Watches an 1 Chronometers. , 4fiT A Fill Assortment of in bis line. G*F. EY, Projrielor of McHenry Brewery, sHEKF on E Best McHEKRY, ILL. with, die HIS POLICY. Outlined by Gov. Tanner to the Illinois Legislature. TEXT OF HIS 1SACGURJL ADDRESS. Needs of th» Public Schools--lteforiu of the Revenue Laws--Care of Convicts- Abuse of the Pardoning Power --Other Topics. C. B HOWE, f.', D. Office at Hotel Woodstock, Woodstock, , Jllinoie. Suit 28 aud 29. Honrs: JO 'o 1-2 a m,; 1 to 3 and 6 to 8 p m evi>ry day except sajturd.iv and Snnnay, Will make .professiotai visits in country, only in vonsu.iaiion with other qualifled !!?ph}si iaiaasand hu geone.; - -- BRANCH OFFICES. It McHenry, at Park Hotel, every Sat- nrJaj, from 1 to 4 P M. Ac Wauconda, Saturday and Sunday ereain^s. from 6 to 8 o'clock. At Libertyrilie^ Triggs & Taylor Build ing, every Sunday, |rom 12 M to 3 p. M. Correspondence by mad promptly a;)6wer,ed. Springfield, 111., Jan. 12.--Following is the text of Gov. John R. Tanner's inaugural message: • . " "Gentlemen of the Fortieth General .Vs- 'Bembly and Fellow Citizens: In pursujr ec of an established custom I now address a few,words to the assembled representatives of the people before entering upon my du­ ties as governor of this state. A gov­ ernor's inaugural address is expected tc foreshadow something of what the policy of his administratipn will be. It will not be expected, however, that I could: upoii the very threshold of my term, before ac­ quainting myself more fully with the condi­ tions of stale affairs, make any elaborate or detailed recommendations looking to legislative action. As your present ses­ sion progresses, if. facts concerning: the condition of public alTairs should con-.-3 to my knowledge which, in my judgment, re­ quire your legislative action, it will be entirely proper for me to make from time to time such recommmendations as may seem proper in the exigencies of each case that may arise, and I may yet find occasion before your final adjournment to avail my­ self of this constitutional privilege. "I can assure you that I enter upon the duties of this important office with a due sense of gratitude to the people, whose suf- rages have so greatly honored me, and with a high appreciation of the responsibility which is inseparable from high office in a republic. My reliance for success In ad- GOV. JOHN R. TANNER. ministering the affairs of this great fom monwealth is chiefly placed in the kind for­ bearance and charitable judgment of my fellow citizens, and in the hearty coopera­ tion which 1 confidently expect from the chosen representatives of the people I take my oath of office, realizing fully that the governorship of Illinois is no man's mere property to be arbitrarily use# and enjoyed, but is rather a trust to be sacrt-d- ly discharged. At the same time I do not lose the feelings of a man by being elevated to high oflice, and I must be per­ mitted to declare that 1 can never for­ get, and I shall certainly never ignore those near and dear friends scattered throughout the state, to whose; kindness and partiality I am so much indebted for my nomination and election, and who,, in every exigency of the contest, have stood so heroically and faithfully by my side. I Ehould be unworthy of the people's con- lidence if r could, in success, uesert my triends, and 1 should be equally unworthy of that confidence if 1 were incapable of making any possible test of fitness for the public service paramount to the good of the people, whose servant 1 now am. "Our government is the Instrument of public opinion. It was established and should be administered for the good of all. It receives its impress and character from the people who established it and who are its impelling force. It is essentially t esponsive to the demands of public opinion, as its founders meant that it should be; and, while it is perhaps far from being perfect, it is nevertheless what the average political thought of its citizens makes It. How good our government will be and how well administered will always depend in the main upon the average sense and vir­ tue of the people, who, through their elect­ ed and appointed agents, make, interpret, and execute the laws. If American voters through ignorance, prejudice, or mere neg­ lect, attend batily to their political duties they are likely to have officials who will in turn attend just as poorly to theirs. Higher than its source in the intelligence and character of its citizens our govern­ ment can never rise; lower it will hot per­ manently fall. Public Schools. "From these trite observations it follows that those educational forces and agencies which are relied upon to develop the mental and moral character of the youth of the state and nation should always be the first concern of those'intrusted with power. It was a wise voice which long ago sounded the warning that America must "either edu­ cate or perish. It is our theory, and a theory which we confidently believe, that the enlightenment of universal education, proceeding hand in hand with universal tuffrage, is to prove our shield and buckler against those evils and fhat final destruc­ tion which have been sb freely predicted for iis by the believers in more despotic forms of government. Our fathers built upon the faith of popular intelligence, and we should not forget that to the government of each state, more than to the general govern­ ment, in our peculiar division of legislative pow.ers, falls the duty of providing the means of a liberal education to each citizen of the state and nation. The states thus, in a fundamental way, have become the guardians of the nation, and the trust is eurely a sacred one. "It is not my purpose to here discuss and recommend particular educational meas­ ures. Illinois has not hitherto been a lag­ gard in expenditures for educational pur­ poses; and I am proud to be able to say that her teachers as a class are men and women of large attainments, consecrated to their noble calling and justly esteemed among the educators of the" country. Whether or not and how far the present very embarrassed eonditioh of the public treasury . will hamper us in adopting fur­ ther practical'measures for our schools will be better known as your session pro­ gresses, and I shall defer all detailed dis­ cussion and all specific recommendations until further developments shall have placed us in a position to proceed with the ptisiness more intelligently. "One question nearly connected with (School management may, however, claim jthe attention of the present session of the legislature. "There is an earnest and grow­ ing sentiment throughout the state in favor uniform text books in our common pchools, to be furnished at the cost of the state. With this sentiment I am in hearty gympathy, and I hope the-subject may have your earnest attention before the present pessloh adjourns. ' "I think it proper to add before quitting this subject of our pubuip schools that too much care cannot be taken to completely di­ vorce the teaching of the legitimate studies of ouf state schools from those teachings which are partisan and which relate only to current politics. Teachers employed in our state schools have no right to use the influ­ ence and prestige' wrhich accrue to them ^olely from their positions as teachers in (organizing and carrying on a propaganda among the students for partisah purposes or to win converts to mischievous economic vagaries hot believed In or recognized by anv party. I recognize ey/spy citizen's sov­ ereign right to do his own political think­ ing. So man or t^Jcial is the judge of what political views citizen shall entertain or of the freed <fn> with which he may as a mere citizen express those Vlewri. But a teacher as such cannot with propriety en­ ter the political arena as a .party advocate under such circumstances as to transfer thf legitimate influence of„the schoolroom to the securing of recruits for his party among the students whom he Is" accus­ tomed to Instruct, and over wbom, for that reason, he possesses large Influence; and to do this indirectly is just as jiernl- cious as to do it directly. I promise that any abuses of this Character which may have grown up in any of our state schools shall be speedily corrected. Revenue. "There is widespread dissatisfaction with our revenue laws. Taxpayers generally be­ lieve them to be, in their practical opera­ tion, unequal and unjust, in' that the pro­ visions for the assessment of property are such that the wealth of the state, and par­ ticularly that wealth which is aggregated in large enterprises and corporations, es­ capes its just sliare.of taxation. I am con­ strained to believe that these complaints are largely true, and that the facts call for a full and just revision of the law providing for the assessment of property and the collection of taxes'. "Our present constitution provides: 'The general assembly shall provide such reve­ nue as may be needful by valuation, so that every person and corporation shall pay a tax in proportion to his, her or its prop­ erty--such valuation to be ascertained by some person or persons- to be elected or appointed in such manner as the general assembly shall direct, and not otherwise.' "The revenue laws of our state provide' that property of every description (subject to taxation) shall be assessed at its fair cash value. ••• "This part .of the law is not carried out, as the assessment Of the state plainly shows:; v . . ' '•' The total assessment on all prop­ erty of the state (subject to, taxation), except that of rail-1 road and other corporations, i for the year 1S93 $76|>,4J8»296~ The assessment upon railroad property IS2,270,091 That upon other corpo­ rations 14,503,129 Making a total upon corpora­ tions of............. 96,773.220 And a grand total for 1893 of $S47,191,51t> "I find that for the same year there' was charged, as taxes, upon the various tax 'n state, against the taxpayers, $40,071,159.24--very nearly five per cent, upon the assessed value of all property of the state. "Now, if the provisions of our constitu­ tion and revenue laws were fairly carried out this extremely low assessment would not exist. From the best authority I can Jbtain the real and personal property of this state, owned by individuals, Is wortn at [east $4,000,000,000; the railroads are worth r400,000,000, and other corporations $7r..tWV- 500, making a total value of all the prop«rtv this state, subject to taxation, $4,475,- KK),000. "If all the property was assessed at*hese Sgures the average taxes would only be 90 cents on each $100 of assessed property In place of $4.75 on our present assessment If *11 classes of property are assessed equally It is of less consequence what the total as- lessment may be. But it is understood that, in our large cities, proportionate values are not adhered to, anu that valuable property Is assessed at a vastly less proportion than nedium and poorer classes of property. This is a Clear violation of our present law, ind it seems to me that some amendments mould be made- to our revenue law that would compel its enforcement. If the law were properly enforced there would be no reason for complaint. "In the first place I would recommend lengthening the time for making the assess­ ment, beginning on the first day of Marcb, n place of the first da^ of May. Then in Cities of over 25,000 inhabitants I should re- luire the assessment of each ward, as soon is made, to be published in pamphlet f orm, find a copy-left either at the place of busi­ ness or the residence of each person us- lessed in the ward; each assessment should five the description of lot and block, by number and street, with the number of feet !ront and depth, and also the amount of personal property. There should be a board of review, consisting of three per­ sons, appointed by the county judge, who should have full power to raise or lower individual assessments. Publication of as­ sessment would expose to public view' both under and over assessments, and the orig­ inal assessor would be more particular to secure uniformity of values in his assess­ ment. In the country and smaller towns and villages there is not the same inequal­ ity in assessments; they are generally more uniform. "If the uniform assessment could be en­ forced in our cities and counties, the county md state boards could easily equalize as­ sessments so that each county and city would pay its just proportion of taxes. Local assessors have, from year to year, been reducing their assessments until the valuation is not 20 per cent, of a fair cash value. It seems to me that after assess­ ments are made and properly equalized by county and state boards, if the whole does not amount to $2,000,000,000, the auditor of public accounts should be compelled to raise the entire assessment by percentage up to that sum. With this fixed minimum assessment it would be easier to fix the maximum of levies for the different ob- lects of taxation. "If eaeh pieee of property in the state contributed its equal snare in taxes the burden of taxation would not be heavy ou anyone. But the citizen of small capital generally has his property in such form that it falls readily under the eye of the as­ sessor, while it is often true that the very wealthy can conceal a large part of their wealth from the assessor's notice. One whose property consists of a small home in the city or a farm in the country is sure to be taxed on his entire property, but one whose holdings are principally in shares of stock or in bonds, notes and mortgages can, if disposed to do so, conceal his prop­ erty and thus escape a large part of his just share of taxes. Furthermore, it is gen­ erally believed that in large cities practices have grown up under which assessors are prevented from doing their duty in the fair and equal assessment of property. I think a full investigation should be made of the workings of our present revenue law and of the practices which have grown up under it, particularly as respects the current methods of valuing property in large cities. Such an investigation would furnish the best means of determining what is neces­ sary for the proper amendment of our stat­ ute on revenue. The present legislature should take hold of this subject with a strong hand and push it until the evils of our present system of assessing property have been corrected. We cannot expect to have our state and national institutions re­ spected and' cherished by our citizens so long as those who are only moderately well oft are compelled to pay a disproportionate share of the expenses of the state govern­ ment. ' ' Oar Penal Institutions. "The management of our state prisons is a matter of great importance, and the particular phase of the subject which just now compels the greatest attention of the public has referenc^to the proper manner pf employing state prisoners. The two pen­ itentiaries of the state contain, in round numbers, 2,200 convicts. It was long claimed that under the old contract sys­ tem our prison labor wras permitted to come into destructive competition with the free labor of our state. The agitation of this question resulted in the adoption in lSyo of the following amendment to the con­ stitution: " 'Hereafter it shall be unlawful for the commissioners of any penitentiary or other reformatory institution in the state of Illi­ nois to let by contract to any person or persons or corporations the labor of any convict confined within said institution.' "It seemed to be supposed at the time this amendment was adopted that if the system then in force of letting the labor of convicts by contract was abolished it would free outside labor from competition with convict labor. But it is now made evident that a' system under which convicts are, employed in various lines of manufacture upon state account Involves competition more disastrous to free labor than was ever experienced even under the old con­ tract system. "One great question to be answered in (ietermining upon'a system of prison man- ! agement Seems to be this: 'How far is pro- \ ductive labor essential in prisons to that , reformation of the convict which the law I makes it the duty of ti.e state to seek while ! punishing him for his crimes?' To protect Society against the lawless and criminal we i must have ofllcers and courts, a police 1 force, for grea;t emergencies a militia or­ ganization which can be relied upon when Ordinary agencies fail. As a part of this great ahd necessary machinery of justice, devoted to the protection of property and , life and the preservation of the peace, we haive our penitentiaries, where convict­ ed law-breakers are confined- All this machinery is properly regarded as a charge iipon the citizens, the expense of which they pay jn exchange for protection. No rart of these government agencies has ever been regarded as a legitimate s&tirce of revenue. People expectj to pay for them rather than that they shall be used jo produce revenue for the state? ) ?'The law upder which convicts are sen­ tenced commands that they shall be kept at hard labor while serving their sentences, eipd the higher I9.W of humanity apd justice forbids that they shall either main­ tained in idleness a* the expense of honest t axpayers or forced to the debasing drudg­ ery or the treadmill or the crank which narked the barbarism of early attempts to deal With crime. These convicts, with few exceptions--la ewe of life sentences-- must be returned to society either better or worse than when received into prison, and this fact, of supreme importance, must ^hter into and determine to a great extent all questions concerning their treatment and employment while in prison--because if they are released worse than when re­ ceived the prison becomes'a menace in­ stead of a safeguard to society. At the same time I firmly believe, it to,be the plain duty of the state to reduce the competition cf convict labor with free labor to the low­ est point which is compatible with good government and proper protection of so­ ciety. During the late canvass I took oc­ casion to thus declare my position! At the tame time I said--and I now repeat--that the whole question is burdened with many difficulties, and I have never pretended to see my way clear to a proper solution of all the problems involved. In the nature of things^ there hiust be some competition, and it should always be remembered in dealing with this question that if every ablte.-bodled man in our penitentiaries was row discharging the duties of a good citi­ zen instead of paying the penalties of his crime there would be at this moment ex­ actly/that number of men more than ,there are in full and active competition with the good citizens of our state axongall the vari­ ous lines of industrial effort. But, neverthe­ less, our, best thought should be given to' the question of how the competition of prison labor may be minimized and made as little injurious as possible to all honest workers in the various callings that may 'be affected by it. • '? ,. "Great changes have been made in the last four years in the condition and man­ agement of our prisons as respects manu­ facturing, with the details of which I am not familiar. A full acquaintance with and study of these conditions will be essential before any definite plans can be formu­ lated. The people of the state have latelv been taxed to pay the cost of purchasing expensive machinery and litting up elab­ orate factories in the prison at Joliet, and It would be unfair to tne people, who have paid this expense, to sacrifice all this out­ lay before something adequate to take its place has been provided. I am informed that in some states the labor of convicts is largely devoted to the manufacture of supplies for other state institutions. Illi­ nois has numerous public institutions, which ponsume large quantities of sup­ plies, for which the state pays cash. If our convicts can be wholly or ih part em­ ployed in manufacturing supplies for state consumption the competition thus created would seem to be more legitimate and less disastrous than that which exists under our present system "Should the general assembly adopt mv suggestion that text books be provided for our common schools at public expense it might be found practicable to employ a large number of our convicts in the manu­ facture of school books. "It may hot be practicable to make any immediate or violent change from the sys­ tem noW In vogue, established and in­ trenched as it is by so great an expendi­ ture from the public treasury, but I trust the present legislature will at this session, through proper committees, Investigate this whole subject thoroughly, with a view to reform. "Without attempting to dictate a course of action to this body, I beg to assure you that the officers who shall be chosen to ad­ minister these great' trusts shall be in hearty sympathy with every reasonable-ef­ fort that may be put forth to remove, as far as it can be done, all just cause of com­ plaint against convict labor. The prisons and asylums of this state must be the last places where cupidity shall have a voice in management, and in all legislation wisely di­ rected to these ends I promise vou the cor­ dial cooperation of the executive; The Pardonlug Power. "The constitution provides that 'the gov­ ernor shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons after convic­ tion for all offenses, subject to such regu­ lations as may be'provided by law, relative to the manner of applying therefor.' The pardoning power thus lodged in the gov­ ernor is one whitJi in its very nature i3 subject to abuse. All governors, I am persuaded, have used that power more or less arbitrarily and without due regard to the real merits of the cases passed upon. This has been more often the fault of the system than of the individual, for a wrong result is likely .to be reached when the gov­ ernor is honestly and fearlessly seeking to do his duty. The abuses of the system are inherent in it, as a very little consideration will show. "Nearly every convict who has one or more friends of standing or influence sooner or later makes an application for a pardon. The applications are thus made very numerous, and the papers accompanving each case are generally voluminous. 'The work of minutely examining all the par­ don cases coming to a governor would, I am told, inJtself be sufficient to occupy all his time, leaving none to be devoted to other important duties. Unable, for want of time, to make a full original Investiga­ tion of each case for himself, the governor is very naturally inclined to pardon those whose friends are most urgent and plaus­ ible, and, in numbers, most imposing. But we all know the fact Of being able to make a strong showing of influence to the gov­ ernor is by no means a safe criterion for judging the merits of a pardon case, be­ cause it may be for the very reason that a convict is comparatively friendless that he proved unable to resist conviction in a case where the palliating circumstances would have been marshaled and made Into a posi­ tive vindication had the accused possessed influential friends. On the other hand, the fact that a man has received sentence of punishment in spite of the fact that be had many strong friends to stand by him in tbe day of his trial is often a circumstance strongly persuasive of his guilt. And yet those who, though active, were unable to secure the acquittal of the accused in a ju­ dicial Investigation, often succeed in secur­ ing the governor's clemency after guilt has been legally established. "The pardoning power is itself an an­ omaly--a survival from the days when a man could be lawfully gibbeted for stealing the worth of ten shillings. At this time, when the humanities have found exprescion in a far more lenient criminal code and a more enlightened procedure, when all pre­ sumptions are Indulged In favor of inno­ cence, when severe punishments have been abolished in all except the most heinous crimes, when the technically guilty general­ ly escape, and when the highly guilty are only convicted after a long and heated t'ial, it seems illogical and most arbitrary that one man should be endoW'ed with power, through mere caprice if he chooses to in­ dulge it, to overturn all the results of a long and expensive adjudication. "I do not say the pardoning power should be entirely abolished, even if the constitu­ tional provision I have quoted would per­ mit it, but it should certainly be regulated, and I think it is competent for the legisla­ ture to materially regulate it by statute. The practice of late indulged of assuming to retry cases in the governor's office upon their merits, on application for pardon, the fovernor thus constituting himself not a ispenser of clemency but a high court of appeal, which assumes to reverse judg­ ments without the formality of a trial or of hearing or reading a word of evidence, cer­ tainly emphasizes the great necesssity of some legislative action to curb and set bounds to this extraordlnary'power, which arose in the days when the executive was absolute. Board of X'ardons. "Boards of pardon have been established iii a number of sister states, whose duty it is made to investigate ail applications for pardon and make recommendations of ap­ propriate action to the governor; .Under the provision of the constitution, reserving "to the legislature power to control the 'man­ ner of applying' for pardons, it is, I am ad­ vised, competent to provide by statute that all applications for pardon shall be first made to the board of pardons to be so es­ tablished, and thus no case would come to the governor until it had .been thoroughly investigated by the board and appropriate recommendation made; and this Investigar tion should only be had upon due advertise­ ment and notice to all parties concerned. I seriously arid ardently favor some action by the present legislature for the establish­ ment of such a board in this state. Its exact functions and powers and its methods of procedure are matters of detail Which could be fixed after examining the workings ot the system in sister states, where it has been tried. State Charitable Institutions, "There are embraced under this head at present in the state of llinois: "Northern insane hospital, Elgin- "Eastern insane hospital, Kankakee. "Central insane hospital, Jacksonville. "Southern insane hospital, Anna/ * • "Asylum for insane criminals, Chester. "Institution for the deaf and dumb, Jack­ sonville. "Institution for the blind, Jacksonville. "Asylum for feeble-minded, Lincoln. . "Soldiers'orphans'home, Norinal. "Charitable eye and ear infirmary, Chi­ cago. "Soldiers' ang sail01"8' home, Quincy. "State home for juvenile female offenders, Geneva. "Illinois industrial home for the blind, Chicago. . "There have been a total of nearly 9,000 inmates, costing the state per annum about £1,230,000.^ As the state becomes more pop­ ulous there is a more constantly increasing demand for larger caplcity and greater fa­ culties for additional inmates each of these institutions is now under the con­ trol of three trustees, appointed by the governor, who serve without compensa­ tion, their expenses only being paid. Over all is a state board of commissioners of public charities, composed of five members, who also serve without comjpensation. The state thus receives for nothing the serv­ ices of these various boards of commis­ sioners and trustees, and that kind of serv­ ice Is always the most expensive the state can receive. Trustees do not and ought not to be expected Jto devote the time, undej these Circumstances, required for a proper discharge of the duties imposed. Superin­ tendents are left practically without anv controlling head. Recommendations for ap­ propriations, while made in the name of the trustees, have been those of the su­ perintendents.5 They are often made upon tne theory-that the amount asked to be ap­ propriated will be reduced by the legisla­ ture, the amount recommended for any friven object being cOrrespondirigly raised jeyond that - actually iequired. Su­ perintendents have thought U necessary to make frequent visits to the legislature when in sesion to secure what they re­ gard as proper legislation to the manifest neglect of their duties. . "The state has outgrown this method of controlling these Important trusts. The en­ tire scheme now In vogue is unwieldy, cum­ bersome, inadequate and expensive. .Some better system ought to be adopted. I there­ fore recommend to the legislature that the law providing for the appointment of a board of commissioners of public chari­ ties, and also the law for the appointment of three trustees for each institution be repealed, and in the place of these Statutes a law be passed dividing the state charita­ ble Institutions into two classes and author­ izing the governor, by and with the con­ sent of the senate, to appoint three com­ missioners for each class, who shall receive such compensation as will secure the serv­ ices of thoroughly-competent business men, who sh*ll be clothed with such powers, as far as practicable, as are now given by law to the ooard of commissioners of public charities and the local trustees, The law should also provide that the com­ missioners make annual reports to the governor and at the proper time prepare a careful and explicit statement of what leg­ islative appropriations are required for the various Institutions under their charge. It Is believed that the adoption of this system or something similar to it will pro­ duce a more economical and efficient man­ agement than that now In force. National Supremacy. "Our people are blessed with a dual citi­ zenship and double allegiance, but these are not, as some suppose, hostile and Incom­ patible relations. They are harmonious and work together for our good. We are citi­ zens of Illinois, but in becoming such we also become citizens of a potent and sover­ eign republic, the greatest and freest that history has known. Our state bears a near relation to us, and touches our lives at every point, but our common country no less appeals to our patriotism, our pride ahd our true love of national glory. "There are certain great subjects, hith­ erto constituting matters of partisan con­ troversy in this country, that ought now to be regarded as settled. For. instance, the now oft-registered conviction of our people concerning the powers and duties of our na­ tional and state governments and their reciprocal relations to each other ought not again be drawn in question, and I hope even partisan advantages will never again bo expected from agitation of this once _vexed but now happily settled question. Intelligent friends of our institutions could not, if they would, tear away these foun­ dations which, aften long contention, were laid ip a people's anguish and cemented In their "blood. To the proppsitlon that our national government Is sovereign and su­ preme in all national affairs and in the exe­ cution of national laws we, as a people, ar<* now thrice committed by Interest, by bal­ lots and by blood. We are proud of our state and would be quick to resent an In­ fringement upon its just rights. On the other hand, we love our common coun­ try, which represents that sovereignty and dignity which alone give us place and prestige among the nations of the World. In its sphere our nation is as distinctly anti completely sovereign as Russia or Ger­ many, though without any admixture of Russian or German despotism. Its powers are distinctly defined, but no outside state authority can suspend those powers on anv Inch of American soil, and while the mon­ umental labors of our great nationalists remain as landmarks of American history, appealing to our national spirit, to our pa­ triotism and our pride: while Anderson- ville and Llbby are not quite forgotten and Appomattox is still rapturously re­ membered, no puffed and bustling repre­ sentative of the slaughtered heresy of state sovereignty can ever again order Uncle Sam to 'keep off the grass' with the approval of the American people. Conrts of Justice. "Again, our courts of justice, state and national, have, from their first establish­ ment, deserved and enjoyed the sincere rpspect of ottr people. To wantonly destroy this respect \vould endanger our institu­ tions. Courts are not infallible, and could not be, because they are composed of falli­ ble men. Fortunately, It is only upon rare occasions that they are thought to make mistakes. To merely disagree with the legal conclusions reached by courts is a very different thing from Impeaching their motives, crying down their integrity before the public, and seeking to place them in a position where their decisions may be dic­ tated by the clamor of the multitude. Such an effort is beyond the limits of legit­ imate and decent politics. Our courts are ns able as any In the world. Only on the rarest occasions have they been suspected of corruption or of partisan motives. Pub­ lic opinion, though not holding courts to be infallible or above legitimate criticism, should be taught to sustain rather than to angrily assail them; and all the more is this true, because courts cannot, without a total loss of dignity, defend themselves against political assaults. They cannot stoop to notice assailants who appeal to ignorance and seek to incite passion against them, and because they cannot defend themselves, without destroying their cwn usefulness, they should find protection in that settled opinion of all fair and able minds, which has so long held them sacred from partisan assaults. Maintenance of Law and Ordor, "It Is now, I think, also settled, that the A merican people are in favor of the com­ plete protection of private property ar.d the firm maintenance of law and order. The teachings of a class of politicians, lately arisen, seem to imply that free pop­ ular government favors a species of com­ munism. While clamorous for popular rule and alleging great devotion to free institu­ tions, there Is in all their utterances an un­ expressed assumption that the successful members of society are no part of the peo- jie. Such men affect great solicitude for the rights of what they are pleased to term the 'common people.' This phrase they do not in terms define, but from their harrangues the meaning may be deduced that those who have done nothing, those who have nothing, aud those who do not ex­ pect to have anything, through the exercise of either their labor or talent, are the com­ mon people, while all other are ranked among favored classes--'plutocrats,'wbose prospective despoilment in some way is held up as a political lure to the destitute, the ignorant, and the dissatisfied. A polit­ ical 'Cave of Adullam,' like that of old, is thus opened by these men, where everyone who is in distress and everyone who is in Jebt and everyone who is discontented may gather themselves together, to the end that some archdemagogue may become a Oaptain over them. -Free'Popular Government-, "These false teachings render it not im­ proper to consider for a moment the ques­ tion: 'What is the object of free govern­ ment?' Free popular government has rever undertaken, and, in the nature of th'ngs, could not undertake to make any man rich, or to give any man a competence, or to even keep any man out of the poorhouse, j>ro- vided his personal sloth, intemperance or folly render him a fit subject for that place. All the law can do, even in the freest coun­ try in the world, is to g»e to each citizen an equal opportunity with every other citi­ zen. An equal chance and equal protection to ail is the motto of free government. How well and with what judgment these oppor­ tunities will be improved is necessarily an Individual matter. It is only the visionary and impractical socialist who dreams of a community of goods and of effort whereby the individual, it is claimed, will be relieved from trie fierce competitive struggle, through which alone human progress has come in the past, "It is certainly very desirable that those Who have much should be generous toward those who, for any cause, have little or nothing; that those who are fortunate should ppen their hearts to all the Children of misfortune, and that the strong-should be swift to protect and succor the weak. But 1 am not aware that a popular govern­ ment,- any more than any other kind, can set bounds to what thrift and industry i may acquire under its laws, or can so change human nature that some of its citi­ zens will riot fall Into poverty and degrada­ tion in the intense struggle, of life. I ad­ mit that progress through competition la often a severe ordeal, and many good m«in fall by the way. Their sad lot appeals ta all the kindness, philanthropy and charity of the human heart, but what can law, act­ ing within the domain of recognized jus­ tice, do in such cases? "To illustrate, two young men start on equal terms in the business of fanning. One, exercising a natural shrewdness which he is so fortunate as to possess, contracts for a productive farm in a health­ ful climate. He is an iridustrious and su­ perior husbandman, and, uniting good judgment and good sense with energy and skill in the business, he, of course, oros- pers. The other,, through bad judgment, or, we will say, bad fortune, locates a farm in a place where floods will wash out half his crops and the, proceeds of the other half will be needed to -cure his family of malaria. He lacks energy, is not 30 good a husbandman as the other, and the ceckle- byrs are found growing in his cornfield. Now1, the first of these men will be almost certain to pay for his farm and improv® and stock it. while the other win, of course, lose his farm to the mortgagee, who fore­ closes and takes it. What could the gov- . ernment have done to equalize the results of the labors of these two men and to mako their respective lots in life equally pleas­ ant? .The law cannot stay floods or stop fevers, or supply lacking personal energy, or endow the foolish with judgment. Shall • it then undertake in some way to make tha more prosperous" farmer divide his abun­ dance with the other? If the latter is to be done; then why should one husbandman ' ever try to.procure a better farin than au- 1 other, or to till it in a better manner, since all the fruits of superior judgment, skill tind energy are to be taken from his any­ how, leaving him in the end no better off than if he had been thriftless or foolish? A policy which should attempt to do this ' would certainly degrade the higher mem­ bers of society, but could never raise up those who are at the bottom. It would be a leveling downward, and nothing more. "My illustration will apply to all other < occupations as well as to farming, and I give it for the sole purpose of showing that a free popular government no more under­ takes to make men equal ih the amount of property they acquire than any other form of government. It simply proposes that every man shall have an equal chance, and that no man shall rob, despoil or defraud another, or shall be favored above another. Exercising these legitimate functions, It does, as a matter of fact, Indirectly tend to make men equal in the good thirigs of world. "The flippant demagogue will not fairly meet these problems, because his purpose ~ isnot honest. He is cunning enough to know life is generally quite willing to believe that he has been,cheated or oppressed by law,^op that the. law has unduly favored his morei prosperous neighbor. The discontent of th© unfortunate portion of society thus be-, comes an instrument to be played upon by every consclericeless demagogue who wishes to gain power and place, and who ' fcas no scruples as to the manner of ob­ taining them. - Protection of Xdfe and Property. "Every man has a legal right to hold what he can lawfully acquire, and if he haa this right the government must fully pro­ tect him in it. The power of the state is lodged In an executive, a judicial, and a leg­ islative department for the sole purpose of protecting life, liberty and property. It ia the province of the executive department to ' enforce the law as made by the legislature and construed by the courts. When law­ lessness lays its hands upon its neighbor's" goods it is to be repressed by:force when­ ever and so often as may be necessary to render private property absolutely secured "When men go forth to toil upon th© farm, or into the marts -of trade to em­ bark In commerce. or when thoy set up; manufacturing enterprises, they must hav© the absolute guaranty that what they ac­ quire by lawful means shall be secured to them by all the power of the government,' Unless - this is done our government is a farce, and should givo place to one that will perform , the first functions demanded bys civilized society. I will only add that •while I am governor it is my purpose to zaake private property as secure within the limits of this state as anywhere on th© civilized earth, so far as my personal efforts can secure that end. "But we should not forget that property is not represented alone by large accumula­ tions. Many good citizens have but little,; and the man who has but little must be pro­ tected as well as he who has much. Nay, more, the man who has nothing in the way of accumulations still has property, for the right to labor Is to him property. The op­ portunities inuring to him from free and equal laws, which invite him to effort and inspire him with hope, are to him proper­ ty, and, if possible, a more sacred property than any other, for labor and opportunity, as has been well said, are antecedent to property and creators of it. Flesh and blood are far more precious than silver and gold. Labor Organizations. "A just care for the rights of our labor­ ing people Is one of the highest objects of government. Of late years the mechanics and laborers of our country have formed extensive organizations, through which they have secured to themselves Important rights and benefits. The object of these or­ ganizations Is entirely legitimate, and re­ sults have demonstrated their great value to the wage-earners of the country. When capital aggregates itself and forms vast combinations, surely labor has a right to do the same, and all legitimate efforts o£ the wage-earners of our country to better their condition should receive both moral and legal encouragement. This is particu­ larly true, for the reason that it is much more difficult for laborers to combine for industrial and moral ends than it is for capital. "The fact that there have been in the past abuses growing out of labor organizations • ought not to blind us to the great value which they have often conferred upon their members through that- concerted action which organization enables them to take. Of course, where combinations of labor de­ generate into mere agencies of oppression. where they listen too much to the voice of socialism and anarchy, which are, in fact, their worst and most dangerous enemies; where they seek to dictate that others who desire to do so shall not accept employ­ ment, or where, in more extreme cases. their more violent members wantonly de­ stroy private property, they are to be curbed! and suppressed by all the force of the government, exactly the same as those who engage in other forms of lawlessness. The Lesson of Our Late Election. "Faith in the stability and permanence of American institutions receives a power­ ful support from the grand spectacle wit­ nessed during the late campaign, and at the election which concluded it. Such deep in­ terest in the event of an election has not be-! fore been seen in our generation. It is not too much to say that at the beginning of the campaign a large majority of even the more intelligent voters were uninformed upon the mam issue of the canvass and their conclusions w§re matured during the progress of the campaign, A more hotly contested political battle has never been fought. upon American soil. Each side seemed persuaded that the triumph of its opponent meant the ruin of business. Th excitement when the time came to vote hat almost reached the point of frenzy. Almosi every voter who poUld get to the polls cs& his ballot. Yet all this intense heat am pent-up vehemence subsided at the p«lli booths, and the day on which 13,QC0,i n KSSSSS • - if- :jg§ of intent and eager American voters reg­ istered their enlightened judgment at the ballot box was as sereriely peaceful as any Other day in American history. Though; all were excited, no one thought of appeal­ ing to force, and no man has been foundi hardy enough to counsel resistenoe to the verdict of a sovereign people. The day fol­ lowing the election found us all united as brethren, with our faces turned toward new and higher achievements, and over us all. as our common inspiration and shield! still floated that noblest, most revered of em­ blems, the sacred flag of our fathers. Such, a spectacle as this exhibiting so wholesome a respect for law and order could" be wit-* nessed in no land but ours, and by !t we are given just ground to be proud of Amer­ ican Institutions. "Of course, after every political contest! there will be heard the voices of a few Ill- natured counselors of discord, disappoint­ ed politicians who will not be comforted for the loss of office which seemed within their grasp. Such men affect to believe In the anguish of defeat that the country is ruined, because their plans of personal am-1 bition have been thwarted. But the dis­ cordant notes of these political night- ravens no more resemble the sane voice of the American people than the howl of a, famishing coyote resembles the enchanting? strains of a popular melody. Let no one be alarmed by such selfish outcries, for in this glorious land even croaking, like every­ thing else, is free. "I would speak no bitter «?r unkind word* here of any man, because of political dif­ ferences. The bond of common citizenship t# far stronger than the bond of party. We are all cltiaens of a great commonwealth;, we are all proud of the title 'American citizen.' We have a common interest, far higher than mere partisanship, In the per­ fection and perpetuation of free institu­ tions. Let us resolve that in all great emergencies we will, as in the past, forget, that we are republicans and democratic and remember only that we have a common country, in whose destiny are bound u the most sacred interests of all the Aman can peopla," V