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/ *1 < ' TWO McHENRY STUDENTS WILL RECEIVE DECREES Air And Water Crisis LISA PETERSEN Lisa Gale Petersen* daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Allen Petersen 2719 Iroquoisc and Arthur R. Olsen, son of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur I. 01sen„ 614 N. John, McHenry, will be among the approximately 250 students who will be degree candidates at Whijtewater State university's summer commencement ceremonies to be held Thursday, Aug. 1, at 6:45 p.m. on Hamilton field. < Dr. Henry Harrington Hill, president emeritus of George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, and consultant to the Peabody Center for Southern Education Studies, will give the address entitled "The American Dream". Miss Petersen will receive the bachelor of education degree in art education. Olsen, who resides in Waterford, Wis., will receive the bachelor of science degree in the liberal arts curriculum. He majored in sociology with a religion minor. ITEMJ Good packaging and sealing of frozen foods is just as essential as tight-fitting Jar rubbers and lids in canning.' FLAGSTONE * Fine Quality • Low Prices 312-742-6060 Call for delivered prices FOX RIVER STONE CO. South Elgin, IlLi LAND AND WATER ^ , MANAGEMENT. > The management Of land and the management of the water on it and in it are closely related, according: to conservation officials. Authorities point outthat there are a number of factors involved in battling the problems of the land and water resources in Illinois. Not only are there the obvious human elements to be considered,, but also the capabilities and limitations of the soil itself, as well as, the climate and the changing economic circumstances throughout the state. One of the major problems confronting conservationists today is that the schism between rural and urban areas no longer truly exists. The cities sprawl into the countryside and increasingly encroach on agricultural lands. And, certainly water respects no arbitrary boundries. Sedimentation from soil erosion can fill a city water supply reservoir, or urban lapover on farming land can change the drainage pattern or usurp the natural flood plain and destroy a well-planned farm management program. Much of Illinois was originally a marshy prairie with such poor drainage it could not be farmed. Today, the state has been converted into some of the world's most productive crop-land with more than 82 percent of the area now suitable for cultivation. Yet, conservation officials report that the task of conserving the soil and water resources is only one-third finished. In the past twenty years the advent of modern equipment, improved crop varieties, increased use of fertilizers, better land culture practices, and the use of high plant populations have greatly increased the state's agricultural production. Conservation officials, howeverp point out that new machines, chemicals and production techniques are of little or no value without good arable soils to which they can be applied and a sufficient water supply to nourish the crops. Productive land for agriculture will become more, not less, important in the years ahead. In addition, non-agriculture will become more, not less, important in the years ahead. In addition, non-agricultural needs of added millions of people for living space, recreational areas and urban and industrial sites must be met from these same areas which serve residents today. Essentially the job ahead, reports : soil cansfefrtatjonDits* is to guide the application of the developing technology toward making efficient use of the productive potentials of soil and water resources without depleting or destroying their capabilities for ftiture use. An inventory completed in 1961 by various federal, state and local organizations showed tint about 27 million acres of Illinois land are suitable for regular cultivation, with most, of this already being used as cropland. Also, there are about two million acres of land suitable for occasional cultivation, if intensive conservation practices are applied, but better if kept in permanent vegetation. About half of this is now being cultivated and creates a continuing conservation problem, officials, report. About five million acres of land is now in pasture and woodlands, providing some reserve that could be cultivated In'the future if extensive work is done on it. The inventory also indicated that the acreage of cropland would decrease about 200,000 acres by 1975; pasture will decrease about 400,000 acres;and forest and woodland will decrease about 200,00 acres. The biggest net change in land use is expected to be in land converted to urban and other non-agricultural uses. A portion of the land now used for farming purposes will also change via crop production shifting. These shifts in land use present one of the major soil conservation problems to be faced in the next few years. Authorities also mention that increased irrigation practices in the fixture will "up" the crop production, but will, also take away land area and pose new problems in. regard to the water resources...unless comprehensive planning is done now to handle the future demands. In urban areas, the authorities report the most serious soil and water problems are flooding, seasonal high water marks, corrosion of utility pipes, poorly functioning septic tanks,, and building foundation failures. Perhaps the key problems are related to sewage disposal since about 600 small V v. H s, ^ C ;« , . .. : towns in Illinois have no sewer systems or sewage treatment plants. These factors contrib- • ute greatly to the polluted condition of the majority of waterways and underground water resources throughout the state. With the problems increasing at a rapid rate, conservationists are fully aware of the magnitude of the job ahead if the land and water resources of the state are to be guarded. Officials point out that some measure of conservation work is needed on two-thirds of the Illinois* farmlands. Nearly threefourths of the pasture and wood? lands need conservation treatment, improvement or protection. About one-fifth of the pasture lands needs grass stands, and a third of it needs improvement of the existing grass stands. About one-sixth of the privately owned forest and woodlands needs new timber stands, and about one-third of the existing timber needs improvement. - One of the major tasks of conservation is to see that land is put to its proper use, and officials point out that much needs to be done in this realm of endeavor. Soils which are unsuited for homes, schools and industries may be good for parks, wildlife sanctuaries or crops. Today, every county in Illinois is organized into 98 soil and water conservation districts, but officials point out that urban areas are excluded. Since conservation cannot be adequately managed unless all soil is under protective measures, this hampers the total improvement program. Another aspect involved which hinders conservation authorities from adequately combating the land and water resources problem is the lack of funds to provide enough 'watershed" projects throughout the state. The watershed concept combines conservation with flood prevention, and often builds a lake for water supply and recreation as well. The watershed project on Big Blue Creek, a tributary of the Illinois River near Pittsfield, is one of Illinois' conservation success stories. Yearly floods •damaged bottom-land crops; erosion was severe on the uplands; the water shortage was reservoirs were constructed, terraces and farm ponds were built on the uplands and new trees planted. The entire project brought new businesses, new homes, flood protection, an adequate water supply, and a recreational lake to Pittsfield. It also reduced the soil loss each year. But, so far, due to limited funds, only four small waterpleted in Illinois. Eleven more ,3) have been approved for-con-' j struction; five othersfoundero- . j nQifliMiiiy feasible; and twenty nine are in the study stage, s Many more watershed are feasible, explain conservation ^ officials. They estimate thafc'ip* at least 200 could be construe- xii ted in the Upper Mississippi <jU Basin; 50 in the Wabash Basfas isd «wii ii In the Qhto Basin. - .i oia itsiloM rfqoiT a l'.Sfn WJSKWfj critical; and Pittsfield GETTING THE WORD . . . 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