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CWVWWIWVWWVW< directly to the plants because ji FROM THE FARM| cX'nJury *•» --«• ! Weaning large litters of I thrifty, heavyweight pigs is a •key factor for a profitable ' swine herd, says G.R. Carlisle, J University of Illinois Extension ; swine specialist. And good • management practices during the critical period from birth to ; weaning will help keep more of ; your pigs alive and start them growing properly. ! (iood management starLS J before your sows farrow. ; Newborn pigs have a much ! better chance of surviving if ; they arrive in a clean, ; disinfected farrowing facility. • The sow should also be washed ! with soap and warm water | immediately before she is put into the farrowing pen. Although the amount of available labor determines how much time you spend in the farrowing house, individual attention from the producer at farrowing time pays off with more live pigs. Having farrowing stalls or farrowing pens with guard rails to protect the pigs and using artificial heat help cut farrowing losses. Newborn pigs are especially susceptible to drafts and cold. Carlisle points out that a temperature of 85 to 95 degrees F. is optimum for the pig area during birth. However, after pigs are a day or two old, don't watch the thermometer, watch the pigs. Check their hair coat -- it should be slick and not standing up. And pigs should not pile up. If they are piling, they are cold. If you have several sows farrowing within a 24-hour period, you can equalize litter size by transferring pigs from one sow to another. Transfer bigger pigs in the litter, not runts. Ear-notching is a good practice even in commercial herds. This identification helps the producer select replacement animals from top litters. Three swine circulars available at the Extension Office are: C865 Feeder Pig Production; C973 Farrowing Hoi|ses for Swine; C1064 Management and Housing For Confinement Swine Production. Stop in to our office located on the Woodstock City Square, old courthouse, and see our many swine circulars SAVE LABOR-FUEL You can save labor and fuel by mixing herbicides with liquid fertilizer and doing two jobs in one trip across the field say McHenry County Extension Service. Herbicides are combined to take advantage of their good features. For example, a herbicide that's primarily effective on grass weeds can be combined with one that's more effective on broadleaf weeds. Some combinations are formulated together as a "package mix" while others are tank-mixed. Tank-mixing allows greater flexibility in adjusting rates of each herbicide to fit local weed and soil conditions. Some labels give directions on tank - mixing herbicide combinations with liquid fertilizer These should be carefully followed to avoid possible violations of state pesticide and fertilizer regulations. Extra care is necessary in a p p l y i n g h e r b i c i d e combinations with liquid fertilizer to assure: that the correct herbicide rate is applied; that the mixture is uniformly distributed; and that all directions concerning applications of the herbicides are followed. Do not apply the herbicide - fertilizer mixtures rnn. i1934Jle'd Crops Weed Control guide are tn at the Cooperative Extension Service office. Pick up your guide or call 338-3737 for a copy. Yield response from fertilizing wheat in Illinois is second only to the response obtained from fertilizing corn, says R.G. Hoeft, University of Illinois Extension agronomist. 1 he nutrients of major concern for wheat are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The amount of nitrogen needed for good fall growth is not large, says Hoeft, because the total uptake in roots and tops prior to cold weather is not likely to exceed 30 to 40 pounds per acre. On many Illinois soils, the potential for nitrogen loss" through denitrification can be substantial in years of excessive soil moisture. Therefore, it's best not to apply nitrogen in the fall on dark- color soils and to apply only 15 to 20 pounds of nitrogen at seeding time on the lighcolored soils. If all of the nitrogen needed by the mature, crop was fall applied, excessive' vegetative growth could occur increasing the chance of disease the following spring. Wheat requires a large amount of readily available phosphorus in the fall, explains Hoeft. Phosphorus stimulates early growth, promotes winter survival, and helps make the young plants capable of high yield the following year. Suggested application rates for phosphorus are based upon the fertility level of the soil as determined by the P 1 test and upon the inherent phosphorus- supplying power of the soil below the plow layer. The fertilizer recommendation consists of two phases ~ build­ up and maintenance. Build-up: For those soils low in phosphorus, fertilizer should be applied in amounts that will increase available soil phosphorus to a level sufficient for production of optimum yields as well as enough to replace what the crop removes. It is suggested that the P 1 test be built up to 50, 45, and 40 for low, medium, and high phosphorus-supplying soils, respectively This build-up will require about 9 pounds of P 2 O 5 per acre to increase the soil test one pound. Maintenance: On soils already at the desired soil-test goal, as well as those soils which are being built up, Hoeft suggests a fertilizer application be made each year to replace what the crop will remove and thus maintain the fertility level of the soil. In the soil test range below 30 pounds, a combination of broadcast plus a drill application is likely to be the most economical. Apply maintenance amounts through the drill and broadcast the remainder of the phosphorus prior to seeding. Hoeft says wheat is not very responsive to potassium unless the soil-test level is below 100. However, since wheat is grown in rotation with corn and soybeans, he suggests that the build-up and maintenance program outlined for phosphorus be followed for potassium. Potassium can be applied either through the drill or as a broadcast treatment. However, the safe upper limit for N and K drill applied is about 40 pounds per acre. Rates higher than that may result in seedling injury and should be broadcast. Livestock producers can salvage frosted late - planted soybeans by making it into hay or by feeding the immature soybeans as a protein source. KITCHENFUL OF WHIRLPOOL APPLIANCES Your choice of 6 great homes plus free appliances. I t s l i m e f o r t h e v a l u e p a c k e d 6 + Special from Wausau Homes! Make your new home a Rockford, Wausau, Country House, Sr. Executive, Rich­ mond or President and enjoy a fR£E Whirlpool oven, range PRICED FROM *12,388.00*^ , IjJaum *lr*ct«d on your foundotUn with haollng, cUctrlcal and Plumbing InttoHiH top, exhaust hood, refrigerator, and dishwasher. These, plus all the other comforts of a Wausau Home, are yours when you accept home de­ livery January through March, ym See me today for details. WF OFFER LIMITED ACT NOW! P & F BUILDERS, INC. No. R t . 14 815-459-0033 Woodstock Immature Soybean Hay for Livestock Don't get in a big hurry to make hay from the immature bean crop. Soybean hay can be made after the first heavy frost. The stage of maturity of the beans, market price, and the demand for hay should ail be considered in arriving at the best method of handling the crop. Good quality hay will probably be in short supply throughout Illinois this winter and hay is likely to be higher priced than in previous years. The livestock man might be able to get a greater return per acre by making hay from the immature beans than by taking a large dock at the market place. Soybeans can be made into good hay for livestock feed. However, soybean hay is generally not quite as valuable a feed for livestock as hay made from some of the other legumes or legume - grass mixtures. It has about 90 percent as much protein and total digestible nutrients as early cut, good quality alfalfa hay. Immature Soybeans Combined for Livestock Once soybeans' can be combined, their feeding value, on a dry matter basis, is about equal to mature beans. As they mature, the amount of protein, oil and total dry matter per acre increases, but the proportion of one to another remains about the same. Therefore, if a producer has immature, shriveled beans that are subject to heavy discounts when sold as grain, he should evaluate their value as livestock feed. A bushel of beans (60 pounds) has a feeding value equal to about 51.5 pounds of 45 - percent soybean meal and 24 pounds of corn. (For ease of remem­ bering, use a rule of thumb of 50 pounds of soybean meal and 25 pounds of corn.) Keep these facts in mind when feeding soybeans to livestock: 1. Ground rations must be prepared frequently and fed fresh. Once beans are ground, the oil tends to become rancid, especially in warm weather. 2. Beans should be cooked for swine to destroy the "trypsin - inhibitor" they contain. This compound in­ terferes with the digestion of protein in the ration. Deduct the cost of cooking when figuring their value. If cooking equipment is not available, older hogs will be affected less by uncooked beans than younger pigs. If soybeans are fed to bred sows, be certain they are not moldy. 3 Beans do not need to be cooked when fed to beef or dairy cattle although cooking might help consumption of palatability is a problem. And although soybeans are usually ground for cattle, they can also be fed whole. Yearling beef cattle have normally per­ formed as well on soybeans as on soybean meal or other protein sources. In some cases, finishing calves have tired of the fat-rich soybeans late in the feeding period and have reduced their feed intake. 4 Raw, ground soybeans should not be included in mixtures containing urea. The enzyme, urease, in the beans breaks down the urea and excess ammonia is released. Cattle will not eat ^uch mix­ tures well. J 5. Beans contain around 38 percent protein. Therefore, five pounds of soybeans will replace four pounds of soybean meal and one pound of corn in a ration Immature Corn for Livestock Livestock producers can utilize frost - damaged corn as corn silage, or possibly as grain, depending upon the stage of maturity of the plants when the killing frost hit. Immature Corn As Silage Corn (that has been killed by frost before the kernel has reached the dent stage is lower in energy and fat than more mature corn but contains more protein. Such corn will be too soft to harvest as grain but can be salvaged as silage. However, rapidly growing immature corn contains too much moisture to make good silage. And some excess water must be eliminated before the crop is chopped and stored. Probably the most practical way to get rid of the excess moisture is to let the crop stand in the field to dry after a heavy frost. Some of the plants may go down, but it may be much better to take the heavier field losses than to lose most of the crop in the silo because it was too wet when ensiled. If silo space is limited, a maximum number of acres of corn can be put into a given amount of silo by raising the chopper as high as possible and including as nearly as possible only ears and tops in the silage. Once corn starts to shoot ears, a ton of the material as it stands in the field has a hay equivalent value of about 310 pounds of mixed legume grass hay. As it becomes more mature, the increase in dry matter is primarily in the form of ears. PAGE 17 - PLAINDEALER- Corn killed by frost before the kernel reaches the dent stage is lower in energy and fat than more mature corn but contains more protein. Such corn will be too soft to harvest as grain but can be salvaged as silage, says George Young, University of Illinois Extension adviser in McHenry County. However, rapidly growing immature corn contains too much mositure to make good silage. And some excess water must be eliminated before the crop is chopped and stored, he adds You can rid of the excess moisture by letting the crop stand in the field to dry after a heavy frost. Some plants may go down But you may be better off to take the heavier field losses than to lose most of the crop in the silo because it was too wet when ensiled. Once corn starts to shoot ears, a ton of the material as it stands in the field has a hay equivalent value of about 310 pounds of mixed legume grass hay, Young says. As it becomes more mature, the increase in dry matter is primarily in the form of ears. Contact the Extension office for information on how to assign a monetary value to corn silage made at different stages of maturity. ^ FRIDAY, OCTOBER II, It74 Immature corn makee the beat silage when copped at a moisture content between 56 and 70 percent. Moat of the leaves on the plants contain little or no green color whan moisture content drops to 70 percent or lower, Young says. Remember not to get In a hurry to rtiake immature corn into silage. Wait until it ia dry enough to promote desirable fermentation in the silo and make good feed. Young says water is the largest single item lost as the crops dries in the field. And water is what you must get rid of in order to make good silage. Only the Newspaper w BRINGS NEWS FROM HOME -- to be read when time and studies permit. Only the news- paper performs this service so well. Plan a reading gift sub­ scription for those away . . . at school or in the service. A unique offering of custom and superb quality carpeting from Tidy color palace gracious living spectrum 50 perfect custom A super luxurious plush of 100% heat set Celanese Fort re I polyester, this superb, full-bodied Saxony it not only elegant, but is a durable, high performance carpet. 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