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6 WINNETKA WEEKLY TALK, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1924 CITIZENS RALLY ON DEFENSE DAY Col. Albert E. Barnes Pre- sents Explanation of Pur- poses of Program OUTLINES ARMY PLAN Declares Pacifist Objections Absurd Winnetka's Defense Day patriotic assembly brought out a large gather- ing of citizens for the concert by the Chamber of Commerce band, and brief speaking program. Winnetka Post of the American Legion attended the ceremonies in a body and other civic organizations in the community were well represented. Early in the day the Boy Scouts, at the behest of "Chief" J. W. F. Davies of Community House, who acted at the instance of the Defense Day Gen- eral committee, made a complete can- vass of the village to assist the house- holders in displaying the National emblem. Great interest was attached to the address of the day given by Col. Albert E. Barnes, a membet of the Re- serve Corps, veteran of three wars-- Indian campaign, Spanish-American and World wars--and a former Con- gregational minister. Col. Barnes en- larged upon the Defense Day docu- ment issued by Maj. Gen. Harry C. Hale of the Sixth Army Corps Area, which comprises the north shore. Introduced by Merritt Starr, general chairman of Defense Day in Win- netka, Col. Barnes said in part: "Before the World War the United States possessed a small Regular Army and a National Guard. The idea at that time was that these two forces would act as a first line of de- fense, that is, they were to hold off the enemy until volunteer forces could be raised in sufficient numbers to in- sure success to our arms. "This policy had followed our tra- ditional theory, which has always as- sumed a minimum Regular Army in peace, augmented by a maximum citizen Army in War. The defect in this policy was that it postponed the augmentation until the emergency had arisen, and thus precipitated, upon the outbreak of war, the very condition it sought to. avoid, that is, unprepared- ness. Utterly Unready "Finally came the World War and we were appalled to find ourselves utterly unready, with three years' warning behind us. But we went to work with that energy characteristic of our people, brought order out of chaos, got our troops across the sea and finally took our place at the front in the fight. "But we were no sooner finished with the World War than the question of the future defense of our country came before the people. Appalled as we were at the carnage of the last four years, and wise as we had now become on unpreparedness, we were ready for the question, 'How shall we provide assurance of preparedness when the next emergency arises?' "Two schools of thought soon de- veloped. One called for a system. of compulsory, universal military train- ing and the other for a system of volunteer service only. . "The school of compulsory service is based on the idea that every male citizen bears an obligation to the nation that protects him and that he should be willing, and if not willing, he should be compelled, to devote a certain fixed period of this time to military training in time of peace to the end that the time required for jealhing in an emergency might be ess. "This idea was thoroughly discussed and finally dicarded. "This decision left us without any policy for preparedness and the War Department immediately took meas- ures to formulate one. The result of the study of the General Staff on this subject was the proposal of a plan which, it was hoped, would serve as a working substitute for universal training. This plan was adopted and established under the National Defense Act of 1920. This plan was, first, a small volunteer Regular Army, main- tained in a highly efficient state of training and ready to cope with any emergency at any time to the limit of its strength; second, a comparatively small volunteer trained force called the National Guard, also ready in an emergency to step to the side of the Regular Army and, hand in hand with that force, to complete the first line of defense; third a great volunteer national organization called the Organized Reserves the ultimate re- sort of the nation in a major emerg- ency, this force to be used for the support and maintenance of the first line of defense already referred to. These three component elements, namely--the Regular Army, the Na- tional Guard and the Organized Re- serves--to form one great army called the Army of the United States. Fixed Peace Policy "So we have here something defi- nite, a fixed policy, that will insure us, when needed, a reasonable condition of preparedness, and this policy is calculated to prevent war and insure peace. It is distinctly a National Peace Policy. "The National Defense Act definite- ly places upon the War Department full responsibility for the preparation of an adequate Plan for the complete and immediate mobilization of the manpower and material resources of the country to meet a national emergency. The War Department has evolved such a plan. "Briefly, the plan calls for raising one group of six field armies in the first year of the war. Plans beyond the first year are undeveloped but defined. The First, Second and Third field armies are organized from ex- isting Regular Army and National Guard units recruited to war strength. This operation is called the first phase of our plan, and the troops are known as our first line troops. "The fourth, fifth and sixth field armies are then made up from units of the Organized Reserves whose ranks will be recruited by operation of a Selective Service Law. This is called the second phase of our plan. These armies constitute our reserve or second line of defense. "For convenience in decentralizing the development and execution of the plan, the United States has been di- vided up into nine areas. Each area during each phase organizes an army corps. We call these areas, corps areas. Test Resources "The above indicates the plan for the utilization of our manpower, but the plan also includes the organization of the finances and the industry of the nation for their most economical and effective use. It is sought to deter- mine just how each manufactory can best contribute to the common cause. So far as practicable commercial pro- ducts will be adapted to military pur- poses. It has been found that except for ordnance and air service supplies the problem is largely an expansion of normal commercial activities. Pro- duction of air service and ordnance supplies requires special attention. The aim will be to disturb industry as little as possible in its preparation for war production. "This entire conception is a great departure from any military policy heretofore pursued. Developed along proper lines it will produce a force adequate, efficient and economical, and one which, it should be noted, is in thorough keeping with our form of government and our traditional policy of entrusting the defense of the nation to the citizens of the country. "In further discussing this subject, I shall not dwell upon the Regular Army or the National Guard. Both of these institutions are well known and understood by you, and known to you to be going concerns. Neither is functioning perfectly, but both are functioning, and so far as conditions permit, both are carrying out their role as the first and second elements of the. Army of the United States. "But for a clear understanding, a somewhat detailed discussion of the third component of this Army of the United States--the Organized Re- serves--is necessary. Explains Reserve Unit "The Organized Reserves, in the un- fortunate event of a great war, would form the bulk of the Army of the United States. From this fact it is obvious that it would be impracticable, even if desirable, to recruit the en- listed members of this force in time of Peace. The number required would be much too great for a volunteer service to furnish, and the expense of maintenance would be prohibitive. Besides, it is not necessary in Peace time. We can train the private Lsoldier in a comparatively short time and so we shall wait for him until the issue of war shall have been forced upon us, and then we shall recruit him by action of Selective Service Boards of our citizenry. "But it is different with the officer, and to a great extent the non-com- missioned officer. It takes time to train the officer and, therefore, it is necessary that in Peace time this ele- ment of the Organized Reserves be recruited to its full strength. Hence, the Organized Reserves in Peace time, while a skeleton force--a frame-work of officers and non-commissioned of- ficers--is recruited, so far as condi- tions permit, to its full strength. These officers and non-commissioned officers are assigned in Peace time to companies and other units whose I Miss Herbst Gifts Unusual Values in the following Antique Pieces for SEPTEMBER 15 and 16 Only 1 Early American Rosewood ....$90.00 Special $65.00 1 Old English Burl Walnut Console Table, formerly $75.00 Special $60.00 1 Empire, Walnut Oval Center Table, formerly ...%.... $75.00 Special $52.00 5761, Phone Lincoln Ave. Winnetka Winnetka 1811 1 ] i ] ] ] ] i [ " i i 1 1 ] ] ] [ ] i ] [ i : Melodian, formerly 1 | [ i L} ] 1 L} 1 ] ] ] 1 [ ] ] [ ] i pd Oo Phone Highland Park 1587 on the North No worrying cost you any 326 North First Street Good News for the Housewives At last you are going to have a Home Laundry taken care of just like in your own home. Ginghams and Silks all washed by hand. Special care given curtains and blankets. Let us convince you that this is the most economical way. 4 QUICK SERVICE DURMENT'S HOME LAUNDRY Highland Park Shore where your clothes will be about a laundress, and it won't more. Come in and see the New Closed Models FALL AND WINTER SUITS COATS AND DRESSES are now on display. Come in and see the latest vogues for the coming seasons. - Unique Style Shop © 1126 CENTRAL AVE. ese P Wil. 2405. cr sivsecommmti] LAKE SHORE AUTO SALES SALES ROOM and SERVICE STATION 1010-16 Chicago Ave, Evanston i ranks would be recruited to full strength only if war should come. "The training of the Organized Re- serves is carried out under the Fereral Government. For this training, mem- hers of the Reserve Corps may be ordered to active duty for not to ex- ceed 15 days each year. This is the active training period and it affords the principal means of fitting the com- missioned officers of the Organized Reserves for their work. It 1s sup- plemented during the year by lectures, conferences and correspondence schools. "What is the source of supply for these officers and non-commissioned officers for the Organized Reserves? We obtain some of them from former members of the United States Army, present and former members of the Good Auto Repairing HANSON MOTOR COMPANY 555-57 Chestnut Street National Guard and from the War Winnetka, Illinois Veterans of the World War. But] Phone Winnetka 330 these sources are not sufficient, ia! (Continued on page 7) I es ne A ---- -------- SE" FALL IS UPON mornings and evenings. needed in this line. the summer months. Tubes, Batteries, etc. FOR SCHOOL HARDWARE 546 Center St. Phone 998-999 Winnetka ------ -- m-- WINTER APPROACHING But we must be comfortable and warm until it 1s time to kindle the fire in the furnace. 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