re ‘nf Es ae sae sah per Trae a > sc clalonee Willi i F : deri ran Ga an » ‘ee ’ ’ : - eg teas te : : - JOHN MURRAY AND HS muvser OV ies | e “he Mey | Ea wt ; ~ John’ S. ‘medical studies combined with, bts research experience on nthe” - 2 r whaler meant that he was an ideal candidate t to assist in preparations for > : ~ the world’s very first ‘oceanographic” expedition. It was ‘specifically desig ned t to gather data on therieeans including temperature, chemist, Uy - ~ currents ‘marine life, and the g geo! ogy. efthes seafloor. po ; vd . Un . gets, ; AMS Challenger began. life as asmall ler-size d warship, a 200 foot long n the mak over 15 of the guns were fo ey es aa a. bret c a) Sanne , ae a 9 “comet ¢ equipped with TP gun: In * > removed making room for. tae ries, Habis or the scientists and a rae cupboards. or tane , I ‘ ao P eb se ace why im vig Web i ayy iy A ‘ z os spy bie the a i ne tyt » oy » \ te Ah ye \ ey RGF Pacitic i Ocean F ( i Atlantic | j 4 a4 Indian ‘ | "| Ocean ’ Ocean { Map - from Peggy Musto presentation “Challenger Expedition 1872-1876” But it was between these spots, in the uncharted expanses of ocean, that the expedition’s real work was done. e The 492 deep-sea soundings provided a temperature baseline still used today in research on climate change. e The current idea that the ocean floor was devoid of life was firmly disproven. e Darwin’s theory of evolution was given a major boost with the discovery around Australia and New Zealand of animals clearly within the evolutionary chain. e The discovery of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge provided new understanding about the movement of the ocean floor and subsequently of tectonic plates. In all of this and more, John Murray’s work and insight played a major part. When Challenger left Portsmouth in 1872 John, now 31, was on board as a naturalist, a full-fledged member of the team of six “scientifics”. During the next 42 months, the expedition circumnavigated the world. Along the way Challenger made port.in such varied countries as: Spain, Canada (Halifax), Brazil, South Africa, New Zealand, Japan, Chile, and exotic islands such as: Tristan da Cunha, the Christmas Islands, the sandwich Islands and. the Kerguelen Islands in the Antarctic Ocean. The Veconge of UMS Challe Sea Creatures - “Radiolario by Ernst Haeckel” 145. GHALLENGERIA, Ih-I8. PHARYNGELLA. 1.20, ENTOCANNULA n, 22 LITHOGROMIA. ”